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717:'s main Pa, Te Ngutu o Te Manu or The Bird's Beak. On 7 September, the defenders were ready and waiting when the militia arrived and they came under heavy and accurate fire. Wisely, McDonnell very soon decided to withdraw, as he was well aware of the futility of trying to attack a defended Māori Pa. Von Tempsky protested and then began to advance on the Pa. Within a few moments, he was dead, killed by a bullet through his forehead, one of the fifty or so killed and wounded in the engagement.
624:. This was a frustrating period because of the conflicting loyalties and objectives of Government forces. The commanders of the British Imperial Troops had had enough of fighting what they saw as unnecessary wars on behalf of the New Zealand Government. On the other hand, the New Zealand-raised units such as the Forest Rangers wanted to pursue the war with vigour. The deadlock was only broken when
24:
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459:, arriving in Port Melbourne on 1 August 1858, with two young sons, Randal age two, and Louis, age one. Two more children were registered as born on the Bendigo goldfields. The above-mentioned Louis von Tempsky's birth was registered at Sandhurst, Victoria, in 1858, and Lina von Tempsky, born 1859 at Sandhurst.
563:. Von Tempsky, is often portrayed as carrying a sabre which he carried unsheathed when expecting battle. The uniform and equipment were chosen to match the mobile role of the Rangers. The unit frequently carried only three days' rations in the field, being expected to live off the land to some extent.
663:. The outcome could have been serious, but a fortunate change in government resulted in von Tempsky being given a second chance. While the bulk of the Forest Rangers went off to the East Cape, von Tempsky and the other mutineers were allowed to return to Wanganui, where he took part in McDonnell's and
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about seven kilometres away was under heavy attack. Giving his second-in-command strict orders to hold the fort, he immediately rushed off on foot to join the battle. By the time he arrived, ten of the defenders were dead and another six injured, while the attackers were able to escape. In his report
538:
Very early on it was realised that the weapons and equipment used by the
British Army were unsuited to irregular warfare in the dense wet New Zealand bush. With only about 100 men in the Forest Rangers at any one time, it was relatively easy to gather special equipment although in the early period in
433:
of
Central America. He accepted a commission to command a force of Mosquito Indians, which had been set up by Britain, but after his friend the British Consul-General slipped overboard and was devoured by alligators, he lost his taste for that adventure and headed to the American West.
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of 21 August 1868, Von
Tempsky singled out the Marist priest Fr Jean-Baptiste Rolland for his bravery under fire as he tended the wounded – Catholic and Protestant – on the battle line. Fr Rolland was present at the battle at which von Tempsky was himself killed two weeks later.
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During the early stages of the
Waikato War, the Forest Rangers were used to protect the army's supply lines from marauding Māori, patrolling mainly in the Hunua Ranges south of Auckland and trying to intercept enemy war parties before they reached the
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I had not gone far when a man of our company was shot. The Major went to his assistance, and was shot, the bullet entering the centre of his forehead. He fell dead on top of the man to whose assistance he was going. That was how von
Tempsky died.
452:(or Blewfields) before he left, but her father did not approve, probably because of his youth and lack of prospects. After his return, on 9 July 1855 at Bluefields, he married Emilia. In 1858 a son, Louis von Tempski, was born in Glasgow, Scotland.
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said that
Titokowaru ordered that von Tempsky's body be placed onto a funeral pyre in the centre of the marae. In 1965, Tonga Awikau, aged 101, described how as a child he had seen this cremation of 20 British dead, including Major von Tempsky.
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After the loss of their leader, his unit fell apart. Many of the men mutinied and then deserted, refusing to serve under any other commander. At the end of
September, the 5th Division of the Armed Constabulary was disbanded and never reformed.
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A few days later, Tempsky, called "Von" by some of his men, was promoted to captain and was also commissioned to raise a second company of Forest
Rangers. From then on, he and Jackson were always in competition for men, resources, and glory.
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In
November 1863, the Forest Rangers were disbanded, not because they were unsuccessful but because their period of enlistment was finished. However Jackson was immediately authorised to form a new company along similar lines.
551:, called the Terry by the Rangers. With its short barrel, light weight, breech loading and waterproofed cartridge unit, it was the ideal weapon for the mainly close quarter fighting. The Taranaki Rangers carried just one
515:
and the officers of the Forest
Rangers and was soon invited to accompany them on their patrols. Soon afterwards, on 26 August 1863, Governor Grey responding to a suggestion by Captain Jackson naturalised von Tempsky as a
534:
on their own ground. Jackson was a cautious officer who was determined to give his men thorough training. Von Tempsky relied more on dash and élan; he was also a tireless self-publicist, avid for glory and admiration.
425:, possibly the Garde-Fusilier Regiment in which his brother, Benno Waldemar von Tempsky was a second lieutenant. In 1846, tiring of the routine, von Tempsky left the regiment after only nine months for the
587:. It was during this time that von Tempsky emerged as a very effective leader who was able to inspire great loyalty in his men. He was known to the Māori as Manurau, "the bird that flits everywhere".
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In 1948, Edmund L. Kowalczyk published in the Polish American Historical Association about Tempsky and erroneously claimed him as "One of the most colorful Polish Argonauts...born in Lignice 1828."
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His widow, Emilia, died in 1900. His daughter Lina lived in New Zealand. Two of his three sons, Ronald and Louis, moved to Hawaii, where they became ranchers. Louis managed the Haleakala Ranch.
656:. Finding that, when he got there, he would be expected to serve under an officer he considered junior to himself, von Tempsky joined the mutiny and refused to accept any further orders.
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In 1850, he went to the new California goldfields, but did not strike gold. In 1853, he returned to the Prussian colony, via Mexico, Guatemala, and Salvador, and later wrote a book,
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543:, they were fobbed off with second-hand revolvers, most of which were unserviceable. When von Tempsky formed his own 2nd company for service in Taranaki, he had 30 or more large
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made by a cutler in Symonds Street, Auckland, from the spring steel of a cart. Only one of these knives is believed to still exist. The standard long weapon was the
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Te Ata o Tū: The Shadow of Tūmatauenga: The New Zealand Wars Collections of Te Papa: The Shadow of Tūmatauenga, The New Zealand Wars Collections of Te Papa
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It was now September and the Government was anxious for a quick end to the conflict, and they pressured McDonnell into making a premature attack on
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On 12 July 1868, there occurred an incident which is still a matter of controversy among New Zealand historians. While in command of the fort at
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By 1865, Jackson had resigned his commission and von Tempsky, now a major, was in command of the Forest Rangers. They were soon involved in the
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Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelige Häuser B Band V, Seite 411, Band 26 der Gesamtreihe, C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1961
753:, a daughter of Louis, became one of Hawaii's best-known writers. They sometimes used the alternative spelling of their name: Tempski.
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and Tempsky later painted a well known water colour showing himself in a very dramatic light. However, it was another officer,
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1100:: A Narrative of Incidents and Personal Adventures on a Journey in Mexico, Guatemala and Salvador in the years 1853 to 1855
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and resumed command of the Forest Rangers, who in the meantime had mutinied and were refusing to embark and sail for the
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personally took command of the New Zealand forces. Von Tempsky, however, missed the subsequent action, being laid low by
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of Central America. He was also an amateur watercolourist who painted the New Zealand bush and the military campaign.
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in mid-1866. Von Tempsky was immediately invited to take command of No. 5 Division of the Armed Constabulary. When
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and was able to obtain more of these smaller calibre revolvers for his unit. The Rangers also used the .44 calibre
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Although the corpses of some other soldiers were eaten, von Tempsky was held in high esteem by the Maori, and
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adventurer, artist, newspaper correspondent and soldier in New Zealand, Australia, California, Mexico and the
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He had been courting Emilia Ross Bell, the elder daughter of the British government agent from Scotland,
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The local Maori returned his sword sheath to his widow. It is now held by the Thomsons in Hawkes Bay.
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Artworks by Gustavus von Tempsky in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
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977:"[Centenarian remembers South Taranaki war of 1868] - National Library of New Zealand"
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Baker, Matiu; Cooper, Catherine Elizabeth; Fitzgerald, Michael; Rice, Rebecca (1 March 2024).
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broke out in 1868, von Tempsky and his division were very soon drafted and sent to the front.
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Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelige Häuser B Band V, Verlag C. Starke (Limburg 1961)
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Gustavus von Tempsky's death in fighting against Titokowaru at Te Ngutu o te Manu, 1868 by
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https://www.wn.catholic.org.nz/adw_welcom/catholic-pioneers-fr-jean-baptiste-rolland-sm/
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A formal portrait of Gustavus von Tempsky, probably taken by Hartley Webster about 1868
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More descendants of Gustavus von Tempsky remain in New Zealand, especially in the
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Karoline Henriette Friederike Wilhelmine von Studnitz and Julius Louis von Tempsky
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Later, the Forest Rangers were moved to the front and took part in the siege of
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and elsewhere and had a long military tradition. Von Tempsky was brought up in
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644:(although it is not clear in what capacity) and was present at the siege of
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across the Tasman to New Zealand, departing Melbourne on 13 February 1862.
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Kowalczyk, Edmund L. (21 March 2018). "Major Gustave Ferdinand Tempski".
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In Melbourne, von Tempsky made vigorous approaches to lead the proposed
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and then a cadet school in Berlin. He was a cousin of the German writer
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The family emigrated from Liverpool to Victoria, Australia on the ship
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NZETC; search website for "Von Tempsky" for many paintings and photos
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In 1844, he was commissioned into his father's regiment in the Royal
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Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand - Tempsky, Gustavus Ferdinand von
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Mitla - Reiseabenteuer in Mexiko, Guatemala und Salvador 1853-1855
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Index of Passengers from Victoria Outward to New Zealand 1852–1923
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Index of Unassisted Inward Passenger Lists to Victoria 1852–1923
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After a brief holiday in Auckland, von Tempsky took part in the
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Burke & Wills: The German Involvement (teachers.ash.org.au)
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James Shanaghan, an eyewitness, reported how von Tempsky died:
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https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/NZT19080924.2.13
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intended to take the war into the bush and to fight the enemy
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Fr J-B Rolland bravery & witness to Von Tempsky's death
410:. After this time, he was sent to a junior cadet school in
398:, into a Prussian noble family. The family had branches in
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von Tempsky, Gustav Ferdinand; Esser-Simon, Ulrich (ed.)
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On his arrival in New Zealand, von Tempsky settled on the
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newspaper. Here he quickly struck up a friendship with
1085:(Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1969) SBN 340 10798 7
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Forest Rangers. R Stowers. Print House. Hamilton 1996.
1117:(German translation incl. essay on G.F. von Tempsky)
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rifle for sniping. Von Tempsky himself carried two
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48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1078:(Martinborough, New Zealand: Alister Taylor, 1981)
897:"Did von Tempsky blunder? Story of an eye-witness"
941:"Chapter XVI — The Cannibals of the Bush - NZETC"
1231:New Zealand military personnel killed in action
520:and made him an ensign in the Forest Rangers.
207:Emilia Bell von Tempsky, neé Ross, 1823 - 1900
679:The Forest Rangers were finally disbanded in
490:as a gold-miner and newspaper correspondent.
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374:(15 February 1828 – 7 September 1868) was a
610:as a result of his bravery in this action.
1076:G.F. von Tempsky. Artist & Adventurer.
694:, von Tempsky was told that an unfinished
598:. Both Jackson and von Tempsky received a
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847:Diggers Pioneer Index, Victoria 1836–1888
470:to lead. The venture became known as the
390:Gustav Ferdinand von Tempsky was born in
239:, Hawke's Bay, North Island, New Zealand)
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1226:Military leaders of the New Zealand Wars
613:The Forest Rangers were involved in the
1071:Young, Rose; Curnow, Heather Margaret;
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448:, at the nearby British settlement of
178:Te Ngutu o Te Manu ("The Bird's Beak",
464:Trans-Continental Exploring Expedition
780:"Tempsky, Emilia Ross von, 1823-1900"
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1216:New Zealand people of German descent
46:adding citations to reliable sources
1017:"Haleakala Ranch - Haleakala Ranch"
505:, where he was a correspondent for
227:, Hawaii), Louis von Tempsky (1858
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997:. National Library of New Zealand
782:. National Library of New Zealand
760:area through the Thomson family.
561:Beaumont–Adams five-shot revolver
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1092:(Self-published, Hamilton, 1996)
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1211:German emigrants to New Zealand
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671:campaigns against the Hau Hau.
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959:"Te Ao Hou THE MAORI MAGAZINE"
549:Calisher and Terry .54 carbine
372:Gustavus Ferdinand von Tempsky
124:Gustavus Ferdinand von Tempsky
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497:in 1863 von Tempsky moved to
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136:Gustav von Tempsky , ca. 1868
648:. From there, he sailed to
523:The Forest Rangers were an
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472:Burke and Wills expedition
995:"Kettle, Lina, 1859-1938"
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215:Randal von Tempsky (1856
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1201:German untitled nobility
1196:People from East Prussia
1109:(Books on Demand, 2016)
929:: 12. 12 September 1908.
508:The Daily Southern Cross
482:Joins the Forest Rangers
162:, today Braniewo, Poland
1083:Von Tempsky: Adventurer
1036:Polish American Studies
329:Invasion of the Waikato
197:newspaper correspondent
963:teaohou.natlib.govt.nz
927:The New Zealand Tablet
903:: 4. 21 September 1908
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57:"Gustavus von Tempsky"
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1068:(Penguin Books, 1986)
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557:Colt Navy .36 pistols
493:Upon the outbreak of
446:James Stanislaus Bell
441:, about his journey.
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1144:Gustavus von Tempsky
1122:The War in Nicaragua
1066:The New Zealand Wars
659:He was arrested and
553:Pattern 1853 Enfield
488:Coromandel Peninsula
416:Valeska von Gallwitz
311:Hutt Valley campaign
195:Adventurer, artist,
42:improve this article
1221:New Zealand artists
1095:von Tempsky, G. F.
983:. 1 September 1964.
901:Taranaki Daily News
622:Second Taranaki War
468:Robert O'Hara Burke
341:Second Taranaki War
219:, Nicaragua – 1898
1156:Notes by Una Platt
923:"A Maori War Hero"
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317:Whanganui campaign
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1115:978-3-7392-3516-5
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199:and soldier
1175:Categories
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715:Tītokowaru
681:Te Awamutu
650:Wellington
630:rheumatism
450:Bluefields
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386:Early life
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148:1828-02-15
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767:Footnotes
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182:'s main
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