481:
337:
317:
133:
212:
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469:
36:
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523:" golf ball (which had a solid gutta-percha core) revolutionized the game. Gutta-percha was used to make "mourning" jewelry, because it was dark in color and could be easily molded into beads or other shapes. Pistol hand grips and rifle shoulder pads were also made from gutta-percha, since it was hard and durable, though it fell into disuse when synthetic
597:
316:
336:
410:
discovered its value as an insulator soon after the introduction of the material to
Britain in 1843. Allowing this fluid to evaporate and coagulate in the sun produced a latex which could be made flexible again with hot water, but which did not become brittle, unlike
376:(1,500 t) of gutta-percha was imported into Britain. During the second half of the 19th century, gutta-percha was used for many domestic and industrial purposes, and it became a household word. Gutta-percha was particularly important for the manufacture of
356:
Long before gutta-percha was introduced into the
Western world, it was used in a less-processed form by the natives of the Malaysian archipelago for making knife handles, walking sticks, and other purposes. The first European to study this material was
365:, a medical officer in imperial service, introduced gutta-percha into practical use in the West. He was the first to appreciate the potential of this material in medicine, and he was awarded the gold medal by the Royal Society of Arts, London in 1843.
384:. These properties, along with its mouldability and flexibility made it ideal for the purpose. There was no other material to match it in the 19th century. The use in electrical cables generated a huge demand which led to
480:
1178:
422:
By 1845, telegraph wires insulated with gutta-percha were being manufactured in the UK. It served as the insulating material for early undersea telegraph cables, including the first
1280:
Yee, Fulton S.; Marlin, Jay; Krakow, Alvin Arlen; Gron, Poul (1977). "Three-dimensional obturation of the root canal using injection-molded, thermoplasticized dental gutta-percha".
604:
The same bioinertness that made it suitable for marine cables also means it does not readily react within the human body. It is used in a variety of surgical devices and during
1615:
234:
with four to seven (mostly six) acute lobes. The fruit is an ovoid 3–7 cm (1–3 in) berry, containing one to four seeds; in many species, the fruit is edible.
741:
712:
321:
1082:
Great
Exhibition (1851) Reports by the Juries on the Subjects in the Thirty Classes Into which the Exhibition was Divided: Reports, classes XXIX, XXX
1608:
1378:
656:
Gutta-percha remained an industrial staple well into the 20th century, when it was gradually replaced with superior synthetic materials such as
203:) is the name of a less sought after gutta tree. The western term therefore is likely a derivative amalgamation of the original native names.
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The
Atlantic Telegraph: Its History, from the Commencement of the Undertaking in 1854, to the Sailing of the "Great Eastern" in 1866
891:
119:
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303:, leading to a more rigid material. It exists in alpha and beta forms, with the alpha form being brittle at room temperature.
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226:, alternate or spirally arranged, simple, entire, 8–25 cm (3–10 in) long, glossy green above, and often yellow or
100:
720:
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53:
72:
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The dielectric constant of dried gutta-percha ranges from 2.56 to 3.01. Resistivity of dried gutta-percha ranges from
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1371:
358:
79:
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Annual
Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1903 - Report of the Philippine Commission
46:
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In the 1860s, gutta-percha was used to reinforce the soles of football players' boots before it was banned by
427:
86:
883:
From deep sea to laboratory. 1 : the first explorations of the deep sea by H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876)
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trees are 5–30 metres (20–100 ft) tall and up to 1 m (3 ft) in trunk diameter. The leaves are
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Therapeutic Use of
Medicinal Plants and their Extracts: Volume 2: Phytochemistry and Bioactive Compounds
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341:
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From Deep Sea to
Laboratory 1: The First Explorations of the Deep Sea by H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876)
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1967:
1962:
1957:
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907:
Tully, John (2009). "A Victorian
Ecological Disaster: Imperialism, the Telegraph, and Gutta-Percha".
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512:, established in 1847. Several of these ornate, revival-style pieces were shown at the 1851
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below. The flowers are produced in small clusters along the stems, each flower with a white
156:
1344:. Vol. VI. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1904. pp. 388–411.
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Gutta-percha was used in canes and walking sticks. In 1856, United States
Representative
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was often used in gutta-percha's place. The two materials are almost identical, and
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1179:"'Faster, sportier, fairer': are football's proposed new law trials a good idea?"
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508:
In the mid-19th century, gutta-percha was used to make furniture, notably by the
361:, who collected it in the far east in 1656. He named this material "Mazer wood".
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1995:
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380:. Indeed, it made them possible. It does not degrade in seawater and is a good
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612:, or fill, the empty space inside the root of a tooth after it has undergone
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2016:
1947:
1937:
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Dielectric
Constant, Power Factor and Resistivity of Rubber and Gutta_Percha
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so that its presence and location can be verified in dental X-ray images.
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2011:
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Widow's Weeds and Weeping Veils: Mourning Rituals in 19th Century America
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Scientifically classified in 1843, it was found to be a useful natural
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In Australia, gutta-percha is a common name specifically used for the
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1099:
Circles: Fifty Round Trips Through History Technology Science Culture
616:. Its physical and chemical properties, including its inertness and
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520:
412:
345:
1234:
Silk Painting: The Artist's Guide to Gutta and Wax Resist Techniques
835:"Gutta-Percha-: An Untold Story. Prakesh et al. ~2001 Endodontology"
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The Gutta Percha Company on the History of the Atlantic Cable site
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The battery how portable power sparked a technological revolution
516:
in Hyde Park, London. The company also made a range of utensils.
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29:
1085:. Vol. 4. London): Spicer Brothers. 1852. p. 1740.
711:
Thulaja, Naidu, Ratnala; Rahman, Nor-Afidah, A (June 2019).
400:, resilient, and is a good electrical insulator with a high
155:. The name also refers to the rigid, naturally biologically
1153:
Politics and America in Crisis: The Coming of the Civil War
299:
in molecular structure, gutta-percha (the trans structure)
460:
has supplanted gutta-percha as an electrical insulator.
660:, though a similar and cheaper natural material called
640:
is added to reduce brittleness and improve plasticity.
187:
The word "gutta-percha" comes from the plant's name in
248:, which yields an aromatic, heavy, dark-brown timber.
1053:
Aitken, Frederic; Foulc, Jean-Numa (30 April 2019).
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
880:Aitken, Frédéric; Foulc, Jean-Numa (2019). "1".
608:therapy. It is the predominant material used to
584:in silk painting, including some newer forms of
538:used a cane made of gutta-percha as a weapon in
1260:, David & Charles Publishers, p. 94,
855:, atlantic-cable.com, accessed 6 October 2010.
322:Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company
1609:
1372:
320:Cable manufacturing with gutta-percha at the
8:
1327:Gutta-percha on the Transatlantic cable site
740:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
553:in the first codified set of rules in 1863.
1156:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 94.
1123:Loeffel-Atkins, Bernadette (1 April 2012).
567:The wood of many species is also valuable.
434:for telegraph and other electrical cables.
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1602:
1594:
1419:
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886:. London, UK: ISTE-WILEY. pp. 16–38.
426:. The material was a major constituent of
348:harvesting the sap of a gutta-percha tree
1319:Germplasm Resources Information Network:
950:Manappallil, John J. (30 November 2015).
833:Harvey Wickes Felter and John Uri Lloyd.
829:
827:
758:, p. 1117, Krishna Prakashan Media, 1991
170:derived from the tree, particularly from
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
288:structure of polyisoprene is the common
27:Palaquium trees, and latex made from sap
982:. Bacon and Company. 1866. p. 108.
703:
1021:Electricity and the Electric Telegraph
733:
1256:Ball, Kazz; Janitch, Valerie (1993),
1129:. Gettysburg Publishing. p. 19.
1059:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 20.
847:
845:
843:
810:. Elsevier India. 2009. p. 186.
773:
771:
600:Gutta-percha points used in dentistry
7:
2707:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
997:. New York: HarperCollins e-books.
396:Gutta-percha latex is biologically
388:harvesting and collapse of supply.
1258:Hand Painted Textiles for the Home
1102:. Simon and Schuster. p. 86.
1018:Prescott, George Bartlett (1881).
778:Alamgir, A. N. M. (23 June 2018).
496:in 1856 (in the collection of the
260:Chemical structure of gutta-percha
25:
1096:Burke, James (8 September 2003).
717:National Library Board, Singapore
556:Gutta-percha was briefly used in
2706:
2697:
2696:
1042:(Report). United States N.I.S.T.
636:, e.g., as gutta-percha points.
476:with a cane made of gutta-percha
34:
1236:, Watson-Guptill Publications,
956:. JP Medical Ltd. p. 219.
837:. King's American Dispensatory.
195:translates as "sticky gum" and
45:needs additional citations for
1177:McInnes, Paul (16 June 2022).
484:The gutta-percha cane used by
264:Chemically, gutta-percha is a
1:
1338:"The New Philippine Currency"
1294:10.1016/s0099-2399(77)80091-5
424:transatlantic telegraph cable
349:
1232:Moyer, Susan Louise (1991),
1530:Nickel titanium rotary file
1205:Confessions of a Bookseller
1024:. D. Appleton. p. 956.
993:Schlesinger, Henry (2010).
378:underwater telegraph cables
2761:
1625:Non-timber forest products
1150:Green, Michael S. (2010).
693:, a 1957 Soviet drama film
580:Gutta-percha is used as a
415:prior to the discovery of
295:. While latex rubbers are
180:which forms a rubber-like
159:, resilient, electrically
2692:
1166:– via Google Books.
784:. Springer. p. 183.
472:Lithograph depicting the
909:Journal of World History
853:The Gutta Percha Company
807:Text Book of Endodontics
551:The Football Association
474:caning of Charles Sumner
284:-1,4-polyisoprene). The
1518:Electronic apex locator
1203:Bythell, Shaun (2022).
632:, make it important in
372:. In 1851, 30,000
145:is a tree of the genus
2639:(Iberian agroforestry)
1877:Pacific mountain onion
1282:Journal of Endodontics
953:Basic Dental Materials
601:
505:
477:
353:
333:
261:
216:
139:
2659:Indian forest produce
2130:Hydnocarpus wightiana
1471:Periradicular surgery
599:
502:Boston, Massachusetts
483:
471:
428:Chatterton's compound
339:
319:
259:
214:
176:; it is a polymer of
135:
1902:Bare-toothed russula
1537:Operating microscope
1430:Root canal treatment
865:Tully, John (2011).
756:Industrial Chemistry
644:is added to provide
560:until the advent of
510:Gutta Percha Company
494:United States Senate
492:on the floor of the
382:electrical insulator
54:improve this article
2513:musical instruments
1771:Woodland strawberry
1583:Sodium hypochlorite
402:dielectric strength
363:William Montgomerie
1455:Internal bleaching
1402:Dental radiography
921:10.1353/jwh.0.0088
614:endodontic therapy
602:
531:became available.
506:
478:
456:Since about 1940,
432:insulating sealant
354:
334:
262:
217:
140:
2722:
2721:
1591:
1590:
1525:Files and reamers
1496:
1495:
1488:Tooth hemisection
1450:Pulp regeneration
1218:978-1-56792-722-1
1163:978-0-313-08174-3
1136:978-1-7346276-1-9
1109:978-0-7432-4976-8
1066:978-1-78630-374-5
963:978-93-5250-048-2
933:Project MUSE
817:978-81-312-2181-5
791:978-3-319-92387-1
215:Gutta-percha tree
130:
129:
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104:
16:(Redirected from
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2710:
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2700:
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2674:Resin extraction
2664:Mushroom hunting
2640:
2386: / etc.
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2133:
1968:Saffron milk cap
1958:Parasol mushroom
1798:Fiddlehead ferns
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1407:Dental pulp test
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867:The Devil's Milk
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719:. Archived from
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690:Gutta-percha Boy
670:is often called
618:biocompatibility
514:Great Exhibition
452:
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280:, specifically (
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2614:Vegetable ivory
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2005:
1987:
1953:Oyster mushroom
1943:Meadow mushroom
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1872:Twincrest onion
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408:Michael Faraday
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359:John Tradescant
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173:Palaquium gutta
137:Palaquium gutta
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536:Preston Brooks
490:Charles Sumner
486:Preston Brooks
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1445:Apexification
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723:on 2024-09-10
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386:unsustainable
383:
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374:long cwt
371:
370:thermoplastic
366:
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340:Members of a
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165:thermoplastic
162:
161:nonconductive
158:
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113:
110:November 2016
102:
99:
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92:
88:
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81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2711:
2684:Wildcrafting
2669:Naval stores
2647: /
2635:
2604:Tendu leaves
2560:Natural dyes
2430:Gutta-percha
2429:
2382: /
2320:Frankincense
2280:
2236:
2193:Mango butter
2138:Cocoa butter
2129:
2126:Chaulmoogra
2096:Allanblackia
2027:Black pepper
1912:Birch bolete
1862:Canada onion
1847:Wild ginseng
1842:Saw palmetto
1783: /
1673: /
1573:Gutta-percha
1572:
1542:Silverpoints
1513:Apex locator
1435:Pulp capping
1423:Non-surgical
1341:
1320:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1257:
1251:
1233:
1227:
1204:
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1183:The Guardian
1182:
1172:
1152:
1145:
1125:
1118:
1098:
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978:
972:
952:
945:
912:
908:
902:
882:
875:
869:. NYU Press.
866:
860:
851:Bill Burns,
806:
800:
780:
755:
750:
725:. Retrieved
721:the original
716:
706:
688:
672:gutta-balatá
671:
667:
661:
655:
630:malleability
603:
579:
566:
555:
548:
533:
518:
507:
458:polyethylene
455:
451:10 Ω⋅cm
436:
421:
406:
395:
367:
355:
329:
301:crystallizes
278:polyisoprene
263:
242:
236:
219:
218:
200:
196:
192:
186:
171:
146:
143:Gutta-percha
142:
141:
136:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:Gutta percha
2745:Endodontics
2619:Willow bark
2450:Maple syrup
2445:Maple sugar
2420:Fruit syrup
2403:chewing gum
2393:Birch syrup
2250:Shea butter
1922:Chanterelle
1867:Crow garlic
1857:Bear garlic
1852:Wild onions
1830:filé powder
1751:Lingonberry
1736:Huckleberry
1476:Apicoectomy
652:Substitutes
646:radiopacity
634:endodontics
558:bookbinding
542:on Senator
430:used as an
266:polyterpene
207:Description
2729:Categories
2530:Birch beer
2525:Birch bark
2482:Spruce gum
2465:akpeteshie
2455:Palm sugar
2425:Gum arabic
2415:Date sugar
2365:Turpentine
2245:Sandalwood
2148:Eucalyptus
2143:Eucalyptol
2032:Brazil nut
1907:Bay bolete
1761:Strawberry
1716:Cocoa bean
1711:Breadfruit
1701:Blackberry
1675:tree fruit
1568:Eucalyptol
1508:Dental dam
1416:Procedures
1267:0715301578
1243:0823048284
1207:. Boston:
764:8187224991
727:2024-09-10
698:References
638:Zinc oxide
606:root canal
540:his attack
488:to attack
392:Electrical
328:, London,
246:parvifolia
244:Excoecaria
153:Sapotaceae
80:newspapers
2735:Palaquium
2649:gardening
2609:Thatching
2460:Palm wine
2305:Birch tar
2233:Sal-seed
2158:Japan wax
2111:Candlenut
2052:Malva nut
2017:Areca nut
1938:Matsutake
1894:Mushrooms
1835:root beer
1825:Sassafras
1813:Sago palm
1756:Raspberry
1741:Jackfruit
1706:Blueberry
1658:Wild game
1551:Materials
1440:Pulpotomy
1350:220674586
1321:Palaquium
1188:1 October
929:144216751
626:ductility
592:Dentistry
344:tribe in
326:Greenwich
297:amorphous
293:elastomer
252:Chemistry
224:evergreen
182:elastomer
148:Palaquium
2702:Category
2518:textiles
2350:Pine tar
2315:Creosote
2265:Tea-tree
2260:Tea-seed
2228:Pongamia
2218:Phulwara
2203:Nagkesar
2198:Murumuru
2173:Kpangnan
2121:Carnauba
2062:Pine nut
2047:Hazelnut
2037:Cinnamon
2022:Bay leaf
2012:Allspice
1934:(reishi)
1766:Tamarind
1731:Gambooge
1691:Bilberry
1464:Surgical
736:cite web
678:See also
658:Bakelite
610:obturate
529:Bakelite
527:such as
525:plastics
500:museum,
312:Historic
274:isoprene
228:glaucous
220:P. gutta
178:isoprene
2713:Commons
2628:Related
2592:Tanbark
2587:Shellac
2577:Quinine
2550:Gambier
2470:ogogoro
2370:Varnish
2335:Lacquer
2325:Gamboge
2310:Camphor
2300:Benzoin
2210: (
2116:Capuacu
2101:Babassu
2067:Vanilla
1978:Truffle
1963:Red cap
1932:Lingzhi
1721:Coconut
1696:Binukaw
1671:Berries
1558:Amalgam
668:balatá
270:polymer
232:corolla
197:pertja
94:scholar
2740:Rubber
2636:Dehesa
2597:tannin
2582:Rattan
2545:Forage
2508:edible
2503:Bamboo
2498:Amadou
2477:Rubber
2398:Chicle
2340:Mastic
2292:Resins
2275:Ucuuba
2270:Tucuma
2255:Tamanu
2212:kernel
2183:Mafura
2153:Illipe
2106:Bacuri
2057:Nutmeg
2001:spices
1726:Durian
1686:Banana
1578:Saline
1348:
1302:266025
1300:
1264:
1240:
1215:
1209:Godine
1160:
1133:
1106:
1063:
1001:
960:
937:367792
935:
927:
890:
814:
788:
762:
663:balatá
628:, and
582:resist
521:guttie
413:rubber
346:Borneo
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2565:henna
2540:Ferns
2491:Other
2440:Latex
2360:Rosin
2355:Pitch
2345:Myrrh
2330:Kauri
2188:Mahua
2178:Kusum
2168:Kombo
2163:Kokum
2085:waxes
2042:Clove
1948:Morel
1882:Ramps
1818:queen
1793:Betel
1785:roots
1646:Honey
1501:Tools
1395:Tests
1040:(PDF)
925:S2CID
586:batik
571:Today
519:The "
464:Other
398:inert
342:Kayan
330:circa
290:latex
282:trans
276:, or
241:tree
201:perca
193:getah
189:Malay
168:latex
157:inert
101:JSTOR
87:books
2572:Peat
2555:Moss
2535:Cork
2435:Kino
2223:Pilu
2208:Palm
1996:Nuts
1651:pine
1641:Furs
1563:EDTA
1346:OCLC
1298:PMID
1262:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1190:2023
1158:ISBN
1131:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1061:ISBN
999:ISBN
958:ISBN
888:ISBN
812:ISBN
786:ISBN
760:ISBN
742:link
352:1910
332:1865
307:Uses
268:, a
73:news
2384:gum
2380:Sap
2080:Oil
1917:Cep
1290:doi
917:doi
576:Art
453:.
447:370
445:to
324:in
286:cis
272:of
163:,
56:by
2731::
1340:.
1296:.
1284:.
1181:.
931:.
923:.
913:20
911:.
842:^
826:^
770:^
738:}}
734:{{
715:.
674:.
624:,
620:,
588:.
564:.
546:.
443:10
439:25
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