119:, experimental procedures also note the total amount of time required to add the liquid or another measure of addition rate. In a related usage, the amount of a reagent, whose precise quantity is unimportant, will sometimes be given in terms of the number of drops, often from a glass pipette. In this usage, a drop is typically considered to be approximately 0.05 ml. The practice of giving quantities this way has declined in usage.
115:. The rate of addition for such a procedure is taken to be slow but is otherwise vague: one chemist might consider dropwise to be one drop per second, another five to ten drops per second (almost a stream). Furthermore, needle gauge or the dimensions of the glassware also affect drop volume. To improve
135:, was promoted by the pharmaceutical and medical establishments as an alternative to the drop. It was noted that the size of a drop can vary considerably depending on the viscosity and specific gravity of the fluid, as well as the size and shape of the vessel from which it is poured. (At the time,
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was not well understood.) The minim came with a set of procedures for ensuring accurate measurement, specifically, diluting powerful medicines that had previously been measured by the drop, then using a "minimometer" or "minim glass" (graduated pipette) with minim marks at regular intervals. The
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Pharmacists have since moved to metric measurements, with a drop being rounded to exactly 0.05 mL (50 μL, that is, 20 drops per milliliter). In hospitals, intravenous tubing is used to deliver medication in drops of various sizes ranging from 10 drops/mL to 60 drops/mL. A drop is abbreviated
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The volume of a drop is not well defined: it depends on the device and technique used to produce the drop, on the strength of the gravitational field, and on the
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In medicine, IV drips deliver 10, 15, 20, or 60 drops per ml. Micro-drip sets deliver 60 drops per ml and 10, 15, or 20 drops per ml for a macro-drip set.
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The
British encyclopedia, or Dictionary of arts and sciences comprising an accurate and popular view of the present improved state of human knowledge
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was, while inexact, presumed to be equal to 1/60 of a fluid dram or 1/480 of a fluid ounce.
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to patients, and occasionally in cooking and in organic synthesis. The abbreviations
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Lessons in pharmaceutical Latin and prescription writing and interpretation
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The pharmacopoeia of the Royal
College of Physicians of London, M. DCCC. IX
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in the early 19th century, the smallest unit of fluid measure in the
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Royal
College of Physicians of London; Richard Powell (1809).
148:. This is equal to about 61.6 μL (U.S.) or 59.2 μL (Britain).
302:"Please pass the strychnine: the art of Victorian pharmacy"
231:"Lecture 7: IV Flow Rate and Infusion/Completion Times"
50:. It is often used in giving quantities of liquid
278:. Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. pp. 6–7
127:In the first decade of the 19th century, the
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172:for plural. These abbreviations come from
42:, the amount dispensed as one drop from a
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342:"Gutta - Define Gutta at Dictionary.com"
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375:. John Wiley & sons, inc. p.
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306:Canadian Medical Association Journal
160:used for the plural, often seen on
140:minim was defined as one 60th of a
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80:Several exact definitions exist:
358:– via The Free Dictionary.
369:Hugh Cornelius Muldoon (1916).
300:McGarry RC, McGarry P (1999).
212:. Physics and Astronomy Online
1:
97:United States customary units
87:Prior to the adoption of the
409:Cooking weights and measures
180:), the Latin word for drop.
36:approximated unit of measure
164:. Other sources abbreviate
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253:. Whittingham. p. 264
62:come from the Latin noun
27:Unit of measure of volume
131:, the smallest unit of
93:Apothecaries' systems
73:, density, and the
245:Nicholson, William
168:for singular, and
144:or one 480th of a
133:Apothecary Measure
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48:drip chamber
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282:18 December
257:18 December
146:fluid ounce
398:Categories
216:2010-03-29
196:References
142:fluid dram
66:("drop").
71:viscosity
328:10624415
247:(1809).
184:See also
176:(plural
382:8 March
356:"gutta"
319:1230877
156:, with
123:History
95:of the
44:dropper
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178:guttae
40:volume
34:is an
174:gutta
129:minim
89:minim
64:gutta
52:drugs
384:2012
324:PMID
284:2011
259:2011
158:gtts
32:drop
30:The
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310:161
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107:In
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