242:
219:
116:
141:
500:
493:
248:
147:
1157:
Glutamate–cysteine ligase, also known as gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase is the first rate limiting enzyme of glutathione synthesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, a heavy catalytic subunit and a light regulatory subunit. The gene encoding the catalytic subunit encodes a protein of 367 amino
1532:
Tsuchiya K, Mulcahy RT, Reid LL, Disteche CM, Kavanagh TJ (Dec 1995). "Mapping of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene (GLCLC) to human chromosome 6p12 and mouse chromosome 9D-E and of the regulatory subunit gene (GLCLR) to human chromosome 1p21-p22 and mouse chromosome 3H1-3".
1562:
Walsh AC, Li W, Rosen DR, Lawrence DA (1997). "Genetic mapping of GLCLC, the human gene encoding the catalytic subunit of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase, to chromosome band 6p12 and characterization of a polymorphic trinucleotide repeat within its 5' untranslated region".
1158:
acids with a calculated molecular weight of 72.773 kDa and maps to chromosome 6. The regulatory subunit is derived from a different gene located on chromosome 1p22-p21. Deficiency of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase in human is associated with enzymopathic hemolytic anemia.
1762:
Ristoff E, Augustson C, Geissler J, de Rijk T, Carlsson K, Luo JL, Andersson K, Weening RS, van
Zwieten R, Larsson A, Roos D (Apr 2000). "A missense mutation in the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene causes hemolytic anemia".
1784:
Tatebe S, Sinicrope FA, Kuo MT (Feb 2002). "Induction of multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP3 and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene expression by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human colon cancer cells".
1814:
Yang P, Yokomizo A, Tazelaar HD, Marks RS, Lesnick TG, Miller DL, Sloan JA, Edell ES, Meyer RL, Jett J, Liu W (Mar 2002). "Genetic determinants of lung cancer short-term survival: the role of glutathione-related genes".
1660:
Galloway DC, Blake DG, McLellan LI (Jul 1999). "Regulation of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase regulatory subunit (GLCLR) gene expression: identification of the major transcriptional start site in HT29 cells".
1467:
Sierra-Rivera E, Summar ML, Dasouki M, Krishnamani MR, Phillips JA, Freeman ML (1995). "Assignment of the gene (GLCLC) that encodes the heavy subunit of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase to human chromosome 6".
1310:
Dickinson DA, Levonen AL, Moellering DR, Arnold EK, Zhang H, Darley-Usmar VM, Forman HJ (Oct 2004). "Human glutamate cysteine ligase gene regulation through the electrophile response element".
1438:
Mulcahy RT, Gipp JJ (Apr 1995). "Identification of a putative antioxidant response element in the 5'-flanking region of the human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit gene".
1844:
Ray S, Watkins DN, Misso NL, Thompson PJ (Apr 2002). "Oxidant stress induces gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthesis in human bronchial epithelial NCI-H292 cells".
1692:"Overexpression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase suppresses tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis and activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B and activator protein-1"
255:
154:
868:
849:
77:
1253:
Gipp JJ, Chang C, Mulcahy RT (May 1992). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA for human liver gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase".
1409:
Konrad PN, Richards F, Valentine WN, Paglia DE (Mar 1972). "-Glutamyl-cysteine synthetase deficiency. A cause of hereditary hemolytic anemia".
1235:
1217:
1891:
1725:
Beutler E, Gelbart T, Kondo T, Matsunaga AT (Oct 1999). "The molecular basis of a case of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency".
1499:"gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase and active transport of glutathione S-conjugate are responsive to heat shock in K562 erythroid cells"
241:
1076:
1083:
1623:"Identification of an important cysteine residue in human glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit by site-directed mutagenesis"
1341:"Inactivation of human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase by cystamine. Demonstration and quantification of enzyme-ligand complexes"
218:
1291:
1204:
1183:
1896:
1200:
140:
115:
1179:
57:
254:
153:
247:
146:
913:
65:
894:
1592:
Misra I, Griffith OW (Jul 1998). "Expression and purification of human gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase".
129:
44:
1034:
987:
1869:
1750:
89:
1059:
1038:
1008:
983:
1861:
1832:
1802:
1772:
1742:
1738:
1713:
1678:
1648:
1609:
1580:
1550:
1520:
1485:
1455:
1426:
1397:
1362:
1327:
1270:
37:
1853:
1824:
1794:
1734:
1703:
1670:
1638:
1630:
1601:
1572:
1542:
1510:
1477:
1447:
1418:
1387:
1352:
1319:
1262:
499:
334:
265:
209:
164:
492:
309:
85:
1323:
1643:
1622:
1828:
1674:
1515:
1498:
1357:
1340:
1266:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
602:
597:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
1885:
1857:
528:
1873:
1754:
327:
106:
69:
93:
1422:
1392:
1375:
1240:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1222:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
704:
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
410:
226:
123:
73:
813:
470:
348:
293:
280:
192:
179:
81:
1865:
1836:
1806:
1798:
1776:
1746:
1717:
1708:
1691:
1682:
1605:
1546:
1451:
1331:
1652:
1613:
1584:
1554:
1524:
1489:
1459:
1430:
1401:
1274:
1123:
1118:
1107:
958:
939:
1366:
581:
925:
880:
1634:
1576:
1481:
1497:
Kondo T, Yoshida K, Urata Y, Goto S, Gasa S, Taniguchi N (Sep 1993).
1139:
1091:
835:
48:, GCL, GCS, GLCL, GLCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
1663:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression
1376:"Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase deficiency and hemolytic anemia"
798:
794:
1374:
Beutler E, Moroose R, Kramer L, Gelbart T, Forman L (Jan 1990).
1292:"Entrez Gene: GCLC glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit"
1146:
61:
508:
639:
negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
734:
cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus
317:
724:
negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation
774:
cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
739:
cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus
482:
1787:
1440:
1255:
1052:
1027:
1001:
976:
699:
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
1196:
1194:
1192:
1175:
1173:
1171:
264:
163:
619:negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1201:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032350
674:negative regulation of protein ubiquitination
8:
1180:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000001084
1136:Glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
1690:Manna SK, Kuo MT, Aggarwal BB (Jul 1999).
809:
669:regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
524:
449:transitional epithelium of urinary bladder
305:
204:
101:
1739:10.1182/blood.V94.8.2890.420k16_2890_2894
1707:
1642:
1514:
1391:
1356:
1286:
1284:
754:cellular response to mechanical stimulus
744:response to human chorionic gonadotropin
654:response to arsenic-containing substance
649:negative regulation of apoptotic process
1167:
729:cellular response to thyroxine stimulus
18:
779:cellular response to glucose stimulus
714:cellular response to insulin stimulus
269:
230:
225:
168:
127:
122:
7:
1594:Protein Expression and Purification
1503:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1411:The New England Journal of Medicine
1345:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1324:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.011
1312:Free Radical Biology & Medicine
562:protein heterodimerization activity
1049:
1024:
998:
973:
949:
930:
904:
885:
859:
840:
557:glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
487:
405:
343:
322:
14:
1846:Clinical and Experimental Allergy
1142:that in humans is encoded by the
709:L-ascorbic acid metabolic process
603:glutamate-cysteine ligase complex
1858:10.1046/j.0954-7894.2002.01294.x
1339:Lebo RV, Kredich NM (Apr 1978).
784:glutathione biosynthetic process
498:
491:
253:
246:
240:
217:
152:
145:
139:
114:
679:apoptotic mitochondrial changes
1565:Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics
1470:Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics
684:response to nitrosative stress
509:More reference expression data
471:More reference expression data
367:olfactory zone of nasal mucosa
1:
1829:10.1016/S0169-5002(01)00426-3
1675:10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00073-1
1516:10.1016/S0021-9258(20)80737-6
1358:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)40865-9
1267:10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80950-7
629:glutathione metabolic process
238:
137:
1621:Tu Z, Anders MW (Dec 1998).
659:response to oxidative stress
1892:Genes on human chromosome 6
1629:. 336 ( Pt 3) (3): 675–80.
1423:10.1056/NEJM197203162861101
1393:10.1182/blood.V75.1.271.271
694:glutamate metabolic process
1913:
634:cysteine metabolic process
1236:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1218:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1122:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1090:
1071:
1056:
1031:
1020:
1005:
980:
969:
956:
952:
937:
933:
924:
911:
907:
892:
888:
879:
866:
862:
847:
843:
834:
819:
812:
808:
792:
749:response to interleukin-1
527:
523:
506:
490:
481:
468:
417:
408:
359:bronchial epithelial cell
355:
346:
316:
308:
304:
287:
274:
237:
216:
207:
203:
186:
173:
136:
113:
104:
100:
55:
52:
42:
35:
30:
26:
21:
1627:The Biochemical Journal
769:response to cadmium ion
1799:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6367
1709:10.1038/sj.onc.1202811
1606:10.1006/prep.1998.0897
1547:10.1006/geno.1995.1293
1452:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1493
1084:Chr 9: 77.66 – 77.7 Mb
1077:Chr 6: 53.5 – 53.62 Mb
664:cell redox homeostasis
1897:Genes mutated in mice
572:magnesium ion binding
453:stroma of bone marrow
421:epithelium of stomach
764:response to activity
759:response to nutrient
271:9 E1|9 43.36 cM
232:Chromosome 9 (mouse)
130:Chromosome 6 (human)
689:response to hormone
395:right lobe of liver
387:epithelium of colon
383:islet of Langerhans
371:gingival epithelium
914:ENSMUSG00000032350
612:Biological process
591:Cellular component
582:catalytic activity
542:nucleotide binding
535:Molecular function
445:epithelium of lens
425:left lobe of liver
363:right uterine tube
1635:10.1042/bj3360675
1577:10.1159/000134447
1482:10.1159/000134051
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1102:
1101:
1067:
1066:
1046:
1045:
1016:
1015:
995:
994:
965:
964:
946:
945:
920:
919:
901:
900:
875:
874:
856:
855:
804:
803:
577:glutamate binding
519:
518:
515:
514:
477:
476:
464:
463:
402:
401:
300:
299:
199:
198:
1904:
1877:
1840:
1810:
1780:
1758:
1721:
1711:
1686:
1656:
1646:
1617:
1588:
1558:
1528:
1518:
1509:(27): 20366–72.
1493:
1463:
1434:
1405:
1395:
1370:
1360:
1335:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1214:
1208:
1198:
1187:
1177:
1115:
1114:
1086:
1079:
1062:
1050:
1041:
1025:
1021:RefSeq (protein)
1011:
999:
990:
974:
950:
931:
905:
886:
860:
841:
810:
644:response to heat
624:response to drug
525:
511:
502:
495:
488:
473:
437:seminal vesicula
413:
411:Top expressed in
406:
379:nasal epithelium
351:
349:Top expressed in
344:
323:
306:
296:
283:
272:
257:
250:
244:
233:
221:
205:
195:
182:
171:
156:
149:
143:
132:
118:
102:
96:
94:GCLC - orthologs
47:
40:
19:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1843:
1813:
1783:
1761:
1724:
1702:(30): 4371–82.
1689:
1659:
1620:
1591:
1561:
1531:
1496:
1466:
1437:
1408:
1373:
1338:
1309:
1305:
1303:Further reading
1300:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1199:
1190:
1178:
1169:
1164:
1155:
1124:View/Edit Mouse
1119:View/Edit Human
1082:
1075:
1072:Location (UCSC)
1058:
1037:
1033:
1007:
986:
982:
895:ENSG00000001084
788:
607:
586:
552:ligase activity
507:
497:
496:
469:
460:
457:proximal tubule
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
429:right lung lobe
427:
423:
409:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
347:
291:
278:
270:
260:
259:
258:
251:
231:
208:Gene location (
190:
177:
169:
159:
158:
157:
150:
128:
105:Gene location (
56:
43:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1910:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1841:
1811:
1793:(5): 1427–33.
1781:
1759:
1722:
1687:
1669:(1–2): 47–56.
1657:
1618:
1589:
1559:
1529:
1494:
1476:(3–4): 278–9.
1464:
1435:
1417:(11): 557–61.
1406:
1371:
1351:(8): 2615–23.
1336:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1280:
1245:
1227:
1209:
1188:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1003:
1002:
996:
993:
992:
978:
977:
971:
967:
966:
963:
962:
954:
953:
947:
944:
943:
935:
934:
928:
922:
921:
918:
917:
909:
908:
902:
899:
898:
890:
889:
883:
877:
876:
873:
872:
864:
863:
857:
854:
853:
845:
844:
838:
832:
831:
826:
821:
817:
816:
806:
805:
802:
801:
790:
789:
787:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
615:
613:
609:
608:
606:
605:
600:
594:
592:
588:
587:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
538:
536:
532:
531:
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
504:
503:
485:
479:
478:
475:
474:
466:
465:
462:
461:
459:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:
414:
403:
400:
399:
397:
396:
392:
391:jejunal mucosa
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
352:
340:
339:
331:
320:
314:
313:
310:RNA expression
302:
301:
298:
297:
289:
285:
284:
276:
273:
268:
262:
261:
252:
245:
239:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
214:
213:
201:
200:
197:
196:
188:
184:
183:
175:
172:
167:
161:
160:
151:
144:
138:
134:
133:
126:
120:
119:
111:
110:
98:
97:
54:
50:
49:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1909:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1771:(7): 2193–6.
1770:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1733:(8): 2890–4.
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:(2): 268–76.
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:(1): 227–33.
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:(8): 1152–9.
1317:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1000:
997:
991:
989:
985:
979:
975:
972:
970:RefSeq (mRNA)
968:
961:
960:
955:
951:
948:
942:
941:
936:
932:
929:
927:
923:
916:
915:
910:
906:
903:
897:
896:
891:
887:
884:
882:
878:
871:
870:
865:
861:
858:
852:
851:
846:
842:
839:
837:
833:
830:
827:
825:
822:
818:
815:
811:
807:
800:
796:
791:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
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735:
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730:
727:
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715:
712:
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707:
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697:
695:
692:
690:
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677:
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672:
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665:
662:
660:
657:
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650:
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637:
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632:
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611:
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604:
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589:
583:
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578:
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568:
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563:
560:
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555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:Gene ontology
526:
522:
510:
505:
501:
494:
489:
486:
484:
480:
472:
467:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
416:
412:
407:
404:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
357:
354:
350:
345:
342:
341:
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336:
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330:
329:
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321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
295:
290:
286:
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277:
267:
263:
256:
249:
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236:
228:
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220:
215:
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206:
202:
194:
189:
185:
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176:
166:
162:
155:
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142:
135:
131:
125:
121:
117:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
46:
39:
34:
29:
25:
20:
1852:(4): 571–7.
1849:
1845:
1823:(3): 221–9.
1820:
1816:
1790:
1786:
1768:
1764:
1730:
1726:
1699:
1695:
1666:
1662:
1626:
1597:
1593:
1568:
1564:
1541:(3): 630–2.
1538:
1534:
1506:
1502:
1473:
1469:
1443:
1439:
1414:
1410:
1386:(1): 271–3.
1383:
1379:
1348:
1344:
1315:
1311:
1261:(1): 29–35.
1258:
1254:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1156:
1143:
1135:
1134:
1057:
1035:NP_001184044
1032:
1006:
988:NM_001197115
981:
957:
938:
912:
893:
867:
848:
828:
823:
719:human ageing
441:human kidney
433:right kidney
333:
326:
53:External IDs
1817:Lung Cancer
1571:(1): 14–6.
567:ATP binding
547:ADP binding
292:77,701,767
279:77,661,817
191:53,616,970
178:53,497,341
31:Identifiers
1886:Categories
1207:, May 2017
1186:, May 2017
1162:References
337:(ortholog)
74:HomoloGene
1060:NP_034425
1039:NP_001489
1009:NM_010295
984:NM_001498
814:Orthologs
82:GeneCards
1874:40176433
1866:11972604
1837:11844594
1807:11820781
1777:10733484
1755:83395002
1747:10515893
1718:10439045
1696:Oncogene
1683:10395918
1535:Genomics
1332:15451055
1203:–
1182:–
1153:Function
1108:Wikidata
793:Sources:
1653:9841880
1644:1219919
1614:9675072
1585:8995480
1555:8825659
1525:8104187
1490:7789189
1460:7726839
1431:5058793
1402:2294991
1275:1350904
1205:Ensembl
1184:Ensembl
926:UniProt
881:Ensembl
820:Species
799:QuickGO
598:cytosol
312:pattern
38:Aliases
1872:
1864:
1835:
1805:
1775:
1753:
1745:
1716:
1681:
1651:
1641:
1612:
1583:
1553:
1523:
1488:
1458:
1429:
1400:
1365:
1330:
1273:
1140:enzyme
1138:is an
1094:search
1092:PubMed
959:P97494
940:P48506
836:Entrez
483:BioGPS
170:6p12.1
70:104990
62:606857
1870:S2CID
1765:Blood
1751:S2CID
1727:Blood
1380:Blood
1367:24639
869:14629
829:Mouse
824:Human
795:Amigo
375:liver
335:Mouse
328:Human
275:Start
210:Mouse
174:Start
107:Human
1862:PMID
1833:PMID
1803:PMID
1773:PMID
1743:PMID
1714:PMID
1679:PMID
1667:1446
1649:PMID
1610:PMID
1581:PMID
1551:PMID
1521:PMID
1486:PMID
1456:PMID
1427:PMID
1398:PMID
1363:PMID
1328:PMID
1271:PMID
1147:gene
1144:GCLC
850:2729
318:Bgee
266:Band
227:Chr.
165:Band
124:Chr.
86:GCLC
78:1148
58:OMIM
45:GCLC
22:GCLC
1854:doi
1825:doi
1795:doi
1791:290
1735:doi
1704:doi
1671:doi
1639:PMC
1631:doi
1602:doi
1573:doi
1543:doi
1511:doi
1507:268
1478:doi
1448:doi
1444:209
1419:doi
1415:286
1388:doi
1353:doi
1349:253
1320:doi
1263:doi
1259:185
288:End
187:End
90:OMA
66:MGI
1888::
1868:.
1860:.
1850:32
1848:.
1831:.
1821:35
1819:.
1801:.
1789:.
1769:95
1767:.
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1567:.
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1484:.
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1396:.
1384:75
1382:.
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1326:.
1316:37
1314:.
1283:^
1269:.
1257:.
1238:.
1220:.
1191:^
1170:^
1149:.
797:/
294:bp
281:bp
193:bp
180:bp
88:;
84::
80:;
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72:;
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212:)
109:)
92::
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