705:, entered service at the beginning of February 1973. The capacity increase was achieved by removing an inner passenger cabin in order to accommodate the extra cars and widening the outer passenger cabin: this was achieved without changing the overall footprint of the craft. New aircraft-style forward-facing seats created an atmosphere of enhanced sophistication, and a redesigned skirt was intended to reduce window spray, enhancing the view out for passengers, and to give a smoother ride in rough seas: contemporary reports nevertheless commented on the "unsprung" nature of the ride.
498:
788:
37:
372:
the earlier incarnation of the SR.N4 and then required to perform modifications to improve the capabilities of aspects such as the skirt, which had been considerably advanced by development of the SR.N5 and SR.N6. Specific improvements included the adoption of triangular rubber 'finger'-like attachments to the curtain which provided for a better seal between the hovercraft and the water's surface as well as being cheaper and easier to maintain than previous configurations.
467:
617:
880:
553:
691:
984:
972:
960:
856:. The proposed redevelopment of the site has led to the two craft being threatened with scrapping, but a petition was launched with the aim of preserving one of the craft, which led into a 3-year lease of the hovercraft to the museum in August 2016 with the intention of subsequently permanently handing over the hovercraft to the museum, The
663:
having agreed to build a suitable hoverport to readily facilitate such operations. As there was no funding available for pre-service passenger trials, the opening season of active operations effectively served as a continuation of the trials activities as well. Brindle was aware that BHC would not be
631:
Upon completion of the prototype SR.N4, Charles
Anthony Brindle, the Managing Director of British Rail Hovercraft, was responsible for establishing the first cross-Channel route for scheduled services by the type. In October 1966, Brindle and several engineers surveyed several potential sites on both
449:
As experience with the prototype accumulated, the control arrangement proved to be quite effective even within confined spaces; incidents involving a loss of control did occur during the test programme, but these were mainly due to error on the part of the operator. Ray
Wheeler, BHC's chief engineer,
441:
In
October 1967, the completed 001 was officially presented to gathered members of the press and to various representatives and dignitaries. On 20 November 1967, the first engine run was performed, after which 11 weeks of intense test runs on land were performed and the exposed faults were addressed.
371:
would contribute to the design of aspects of the larger SR.N4, which would be four times the size of any preceding hovercraft. This approach is credited with having been less expensive and having resulted in a more commercially viable hovercraft than would have been if it had been constructed as per
288:
marine turboshaft engines each driving its own lift fan and pylon-mounted steerable propulsion propeller. The SR.N4 was the largest hovercraft then built, designed to carry 254 passengers in two cabins besides a four-lane automobile bay which held up to 30 cars. Cars were driven from a bow ramp just
592:
Fuel was contained within flexible bags located at all four corners; the craft could be trimmed by redistributing fuel between the fore and aft tanks to better match the load and prevailing weather conditions. The craft would consume 1,000 gallons per hour at a cruise of 50 knots before refuelling
308:
between 1968 and 2000. In response to operator demands, stretched versions of the SR.N4 were developed, culminating in the Mk.III variant, which had almost double the capacity for carrying both cars and passengers as the Mk.I. While interest was expressed in military applications for the type, no
708:
After 1976, a pair of SR.N4s were refitted with new deep skirts and stretched by almost 56.1 ft (17.1 m), increasing capacity to 418 passengers and 60 cars at the cost of a weight increase to roughly 320 t (315 long tons). To maintain speed, the engines were upgraded to four 3,800
363:
By the end of 1964, it had been concluded that, due to the improved projected performance of the craft's flexible skirt having lowered the power requirements involved, only two pairs of
Proteus engines would be required instead of three. At this stage, the proposed design for the SR.N4 had a
588:
The SR.N4 is fitted with a 12-ton skirt which runs under the perimeter of the whole craft and employs a complex structure. On the underside of the buoyancy tanks, five 21-inch platforms (known as 'elephant feet') were positioned so that the craft could stably rest on three of them.
682:
The journey time from Dover to
Boulogne was roughly 35 minutes, with six trips per day being conducted at peak times. The fastest ever crossing of the English Channel by a commercial car-carrying hovercraft was 22 minutes, achieved on 14 September 1995 by the SR.N4 Mk.III GH-2007
450:
was reportedly very pleased with the progress made during the initial trials. At the same time, 001 required substantial refinement and alteration in order to become a commercially viable craft. The air intakes had to be substantially modified in order to minimise
519:, being rectangular with a semi-circular bow and a beam-to-length ratio of 1:1.66. The SR.N4 had a dual radar system for navigation, allowing the craft to operate in zero visibility - Type Racal Decca Bridgemaster. A GPS navigation system was fitted.
720:. The work cost around £5 million for each craft, and they were designated Mark IIIs; the improvements allowed them to operate in seas up to 11 ft 6 in (3.5 m) high and with 57.5-mile-per-hour (92.5 km/h) winds.
442:
On 4 February 1968, 001 was launched onto water for the first time. The launch, while successful, had involved some risk due to the lack of space to manoeuvre with an untested control system. Later that same day, 001 conducted its
596:
The stern of the craft featured a sizeable set of doors for the loading and unloading of vehicles onto the car deck as well as all four of the exhausts for the
Proteus engines. Another set of loading doors was located at the bow.
221:
238:
568:
of a typical vessel. It housed a crew of three, comprising a captain, first officer/flight engineer, and a second officer/navigator; the main role of the second officer was to avoid collisions, primarily using a
338:
was being designed, was abandoned. This original concept had effectively been a pair of elongated SR.N2 fixed together in a side-by-side placement and would have been powered by an arrangement of four pairs of
701:
In 1972, the first SR.N4s were temporarily withdrawn for conversion to Mk.II specification which would provide for seven further car spaces and 28 more passengers. The first of the enlarged craft, the
585:, separate propeller pitch levels, and engine speed controls; however, their functionality often differed substantially, such as the ability for the yoke to command the pitch of all four propellers.
533:
propellers, arranged in two pairs on pylons positioned on top of the craft's roof; upon the SR.N4's introduction to service, these were the largest propellers in the world. Six independent
387:, announced that British Rail would participate in the development of the SR.N4 and would be a customer for the type. While orders had already been placed for the SR.N4 by this point, the
2217:
395:
specifically excluded accepting delivery of the first example. By the end of 1965, having acquired three firm orders, it was now plausible for production of the SR.N4 to proceed.
403:
Having realised that the market for large hovercraft was not yet large enough to sustain a number of competing companies at that time, in 1966, the hovercraft divisions of both
224:
228:
227:
223:
222:
229:
241:
379:
had become interested in the potential for operating a fleet of hovercraft for scheduled services that would link up to
Britain's national rail system. In November 1965,
245:
244:
240:
239:
391:
had decided to commit to taking delivery of the first craft to be produced; this was particularly convenient as the two orders which had been placed by
Swedish operator
246:
664:
paid until the SR.N4 was in service, and thus there was a considerable emphasis placed on getting the craft ready for commercial use right at the point of delivery.
775:, while being cheaper to purchase, although more expensive to operate. The use of hovercraft for minesweeping never got further than the concept stage, although an
727:, which operated six SR.N4 of all marks. The last of the craft was withdrawn from service in October 2000 and Hoverspeed itself ceased operations in November 2005.
1973:
346:
engines. In its place, a new proposed hovercraft, which was referred to as the SR.N4 as well, was considerably larger and heavier, and powered by three pairs of
659:
It was soon determined that Dover and
Boulogne would be the preferable option for the maiden route, a decision that had been motivated in part by the local
364:
displacement of 165 tons and a payload of up to 33 cars and 116 passengers; this would not substantially differ from the final design adopted for the type.
309:
vehicles were ultimately used for such purposes. Following the fleet's withdrawal from cross-channel services, a single remaining Mk.III example, GH-2007
226:
1677:
243:
2203:
2322:
772:
546:
2195:
849:. The plan did not come to fruition, with government officials concluding that the organisation lacked the experience necessary to be viable.
515:
buoyancy tank, the internal structure of which was divided into 24 watertight compartments. It had an identical platform shape to the smaller
2291:
2124:
2100:
356:
engine. However, during early 1963, work on the SR.N4 was put on hold due to a greater priority having been placed on the completion of the
826:
which uses the same Rolls-Royce
Proteus Marine engines as the SR.N4s. The purchase included seven years worth of spares including engines.
740:
593:
with an approximate range of 150 mi (240 km). Maximum fuel capacity was 8,068 imp gal (36,680 L); about 29 tons.
225:
2276:
242:
829:
As of winter 2015 all engines and APUs had been removed from the craft. The SR.N4s were put up for sale and Hover Transit Services of
380:
1927:
1649:
1264:
2210:
1777:
2134:
430:
had been constructed 15 years before. During 1967, as 001 was taking shape, it was announced that the SR.N4 had been named the
2231:
412:
281:
71:
511:
The SR.N4 was the biggest hovercraft to have been completed upon its introduction. Its primary structure comprised a large
2281:
564:
The control cabin of the SR.N4 resembled the flight deck of an aircraft, being relatively cramped in comparison with the
853:
1747:
1153:
987:
1943:
1999:
735:
Most incidents were benign and resulted in little more than the vehicles towed back to shore. In 1978, the GH-2007
2181:
2157:
419:. In autumn 1966, production work commenced on the structure of the first SR.N4, which was internally designated
497:
538:
2169:
1681:
340:
1685:
787:
811:
388:
384:
269:. The type has the distinction of being the largest civil hovercraft to have ever been put into service.
2317:
2286:
424:
1139:
model of the SR.N4 in the early 1970s, with a clear plastic top decking to show the detailed interior.
36:
2235:
717:
573:
to do so. The flying controls appeared broadly similar to a typical aircraft, using an assortment of
334:
In August 1962, the original concept for the SR.N4, which had been conceived at the same time as the
276:. By the time that the vehicle's first trials took place in early 1968, Saunders-Roe had merged with
771:. A minesweeping version of the SR.N4 was thought to be capable of carrying the same equipment as a
2312:
842:
660:
408:
899:
1968, Seaspeed – originally the prototype, converted to Mk.III specification in 1979. Scrapped at
1814:
1177:
676:
645:
582:
2142:(Technical report). Marine Accident Investigation Branch, Her Majesty's Government. 5 June 2000.
198:
gas turbines for lift and propulsion, each driving a single four-bladed variable-pitch propeller
713:(2,834 kW) models, which were fitted with four 21 ft (6.4 m) diameter steerable
2120:
2096:
1923:
1880:
1645:
1260:
911:
819:
795:
565:
314:
1188:
910:, Hoverlloyd – converted to Mk.II specification for February 1973, broken up in 2004 at the
653:
529:
engines. The Proteus engines each drove a set of 19 ft (5.8 m) diameter steerable
2071:
2053:
2025:
927:, Seaspeed – converted to Mk.III specification in 1978, on display at the Hovercraft Museum
2185:
2161:
2136:
Report of the Investigation of Heavy Weather Damage to Hovercraft GH2007 The Princess Anne
1172:
1167:
1072:
830:
523:
347:
305:
289:
forward of the wheelhouse. The first design was 40 metres (131 ft) long, weighed 190
285:
195:
920:
1968, Hoverlloyd – converted to Mk.II specification in 1972, broken up in 1983 for spares
636:
to determine their suitability for the hovercraft service, which had been given the name
1785:
1234:
1209:
1197:
1193:
649:
605:
505:
360:
instead. In late 1964, it was decided to recommence design work on the proposed SR.N4.
934:
1972, Hoverlloyd – converted to Mk.II specification in 1974, broken up 1998 for spares
466:
2306:
2173:
1183:
900:
815:
764:
748:
641:
624:
443:
416:
318:
17:
2227:
1158:
988:
Aerial photograph of the Hovercraft Museum Trust site showing the size of the SR.N4
838:
739:
lost much of her air-cushion skirt in heavy seas 7 miles off Dover, resulting in a
723:
The two main commercial operators (Hoverlloyd and Seaspeed) merged in 1981 to form
616:
404:
376:
350:
273:
860:
was the craft chosen to be kept and will be restored in a former Seaspeed livery.
743:
investigation. However, in March 1985, 4 passengers lost their lives when GH-2006
2114:
1136:
1075:
879:
714:
671:
being initially operated by Seaspeed between Dover and Boulogne. Rival operator
570:
530:
427:
353:
298:
1944:"Report of the inquiry into the accident to hovercraft 'The Princess Margaret'"
1069:
867:
was broken up at Lee-on-Solent by her last owners, Homes England. GH-2007 The
768:
760:
724:
710:
672:
534:
512:
392:
343:
266:
144:
94:
84:
42:
2116:
On a Cushion of Air: The Story of Hoverlloyd and the Cross-Channel Hovercraft
1854:
963:
1106:
Max speed: Mark 1 – 65 knots (calm water, zero wind, at gross laden weight)
975:
941:, Hoverlloyd – built as Mk.II, scrapped in 1993 following an electrical fire
667:
In August 1968, the first SR.N4 entered commercial service with the GH-2006
552:
526:
690:
2030:
1755:
637:
578:
435:
290:
89:
2178:
2166:
2154:
434:. Throughout the development and production of 001, both Hoverlloyd and
846:
679:, specifically designed for the SR.N4, to also serve the Calais route.
277:
1186:, both released in 1974. The SR.N4 is also featured in the 1980 film
1132:
574:
1974:"Can Fast Hovercraft Service Between U.S. And Toronto Stay Afloat?"
301:(154 km/h) and could cruise at over 60 knots (111 km/h).
2271:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2246:
1114:
Endurance: 4 hours (maximum power, 2,800 Imperial gallons of fuel)
1052:
878:
786:
776:
689:
633:
615:
551:
516:
496:
423:. The vehicle was assembled in the same hangar in which the three
368:
357:
335:
294:
236:
219:
2190:
1905:
1664:
1544:
833:, proposed putting the hovercraft back in operation (following a
601:
545:
and pylons, while a further four units were used to actuate the
451:
2199:
852:
The land on which the Hovercraft Museum stands is owned by the
767:
version of the SR.N4, hovercraft being almost invulnerable to
542:
461:
632:
the British and French sides of the English Channel using an
2054:"Cross-Channel hovercraft Princess Anne 'to open to public'"
1587:
1585:
1583:
1570:
1568:
1555:
1553:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1499:
1497:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1359:
1357:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
779:
was used by the Inter-Service Hovercraft Unit for trials.
454:
ingestion, and a revised skirt system was also developed.
265:) was a combined passenger and vehicle-carrying class of
802:
The two remaining Mk.III examples of the craft (GH-2006
284:, who continued development. Power was provided by four
258:(Saunders-Roe Nautical 4) hovercraft (also known as the
478:
1111:
Normal operating speeds: 40 – 60 knots (110 km/h)
2072:"Cross-Channel hovercraft Princess Margaret scrapped"
375:
During the mid-1960s, some management figures within
2092:
Rebuilding the Royal Navy: Warship Design since 1945
1043:
11.48 m (37 ft 8 in) on landing pads
952:
675:built the world's first purpose-built hoverport at
178:
11.48 m (37 ft 8 in) on landing pads
1151:featured in scenes from the 1971 James Bond film
871:remains on site leased to the Hovercraft Museum.
822:. Haydon-Baillie is the owner of the super yacht
411:merged to form a new united entity, known as the
2026:"Petition to save last cross-Channel hovercraft"
1807:
1805:
1803:
640:. Amongst the most suitable candidates had been
304:The SR.N4s operated regular services across the
2211:
438:carefully monitored progress on the project.
8:
272:Work on the SR.N4 was initiated in 1965 by
27:Hovercraft built for cross-channel services
2218:
2204:
2196:
1960:
891:Built as Mk.I unless specified otherwise.
45:on its last commercial flight October 2000
1840:
1828:
1812:"Hovering along on the Crest of a Wave".
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1574:
1559:
1532:
1515:
1503:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1452:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1855:"What happened to passenger hovercraft?"
999:
751:from Calais in force 6 to 7 heavy seas.
2090:Brown, David K.; Moore, George (2012).
1259:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 250.
1226:
747:crashed into a pier at the entrance of
1784:. www.dover-kent.co.uk. Archived from
1642:Theory and Design of Air Cushion Craft
949:
773:Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessel
415:(BHC), which was headquartered on the
31:
2095:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
1906:Investigation of Heavy Weather Damage
1853:Parkinson, Justin (9 November 2015).
1665:Investigation of Heavy Weather Damage
1545:Investigation of Heavy Weather Damage
1131:The plastic construction kit company
1027:56.38 m (185 ft 0 in)
1024:39.68 m (130 ft 2 in)
1021:39.68 m (130 ft 2 in)
367:Experience gained from the SR.N5 and
7:
2000:"Has fast ferry idea's time passed?"
1035:23.77 m (78 ft 0 in)
250:Boarding a Hovercraft with a vehicle
162:56.38 m (185 ft 0 in)
1782:Dover – Lock and Key of the Kingdom
537:systems, each driven from the main
313:, remains on static display at the
170:23.77 m (78 ft 0 in)
2113:Paine, Robin; Syms, Roger (2012).
1640:Yun, Liang; Bliault, Alan (2000).
280:' hovercraft division to form the
186:4 x 3,800 shp (2,800 kW)
136:General characteristics (Mark III)
25:
1881:"Many jobs lost as ferries stop"
1752:1966: Hovercraft deal opens show
1644:. Elsevier Science. p. 13.
1108:Mk.II – 70 knots (130 km/h)
1092:up to 60 cars and 418 passengers
982:
970:
958:
814:for £500,000 and were stored at
687:on its 10:00 a.m. service.
465:
214:up to 60 cars and 418 passengers
35:
2179:Hovercraft Museum: SR.N4 Mk.III
837:purchase and refurbishment) on
2232:British Hovercraft Corporation
2167:Hovercraft Museum: SR.N4 Mk.II
1235:"James' Hovercraft Site: SRN4"
600:The SR.N4 could operate up to
541:, powered the movement of the
522:The SR.N4 was powered by four
413:British Hovercraft Corporation
282:British Hovercraft Corporation
72:British Hovercraft Corporation
1:
2323:Ferries of the United Kingdom
2155:Hovercraft Museum: SR.N4 Mk.I
1922:. History Press. p. 26.
1818:. 8 February 1973. p. 6.
854:Homes and Communities Agency
393:Cross-Channel Hover Services
233:Hovercraft landing in Calais
1089:36 cars and 278 passengers
1086:30 cars and 250 passengers
41:Mark III SR.N4 arriving in
2339:
1918:Hollebone, Ashley (2012).
196:Rolls-Royce Marine Proteus
2242:
1920:The Hovercraft: A History
1678:"Charles Anthony Brindle"
1067:
1042:
1034:
981:
969:
957:
547:variable-pitch propellers
135:
50:
34:
2074:. BBC News. 24 May 2018.
1257:A Dictionary of Aviation
1255:Wragg, David W. (1973).
648:on the English side and
206:70 knots (130 km/h)
2226:Hovercraft produced by
1682:National Railway Museum
863:In March 2018, GH-2006
1961:Brown & Moore 2012
1078:(3,800 shp in Mk.III)
888:
812:Wensley Haydon-Baillie
799:
698:
628:
625:Western Docks in Dover
561:
508:
389:British Railways Board
385:Minister of Technology
251:
234:
2184:12 March 2007 at the
2160:12 March 2007 at the
1841:Paine & Syms 2012
1829:Paine & Syms 2012
1735:Paine & Syms 2012
1723:Paine & Syms 2012
1711:Paine & Syms 2012
1699:Paine & Syms 2012
1628:Paine & Syms 2012
1616:Paine & Syms 2012
1604:Paine & Syms 2012
1592:Paine & Syms 2012
1575:Paine & Syms 2012
1560:Paine & Syms 2012
1533:Paine & Syms 2012
1516:Paine & Syms 2012
1504:Paine & Syms 2012
1489:Paine & Syms 2012
1477:Paine & Syms 2012
1465:Paine & Syms 2012
1453:Paine & Syms 2012
1436:Paine & Syms 2012
1424:Paine & Syms 2012
1412:Paine & Syms 2012
1400:Paine & Syms 2012
1388:Paine & Syms 2012
1376:Paine & Syms 2012
1364:Paine & Syms 2012
1349:Paine & Syms 2012
1337:Paine & Syms 2012
1325:Paine & Syms 2012
1304:Paine & Syms 2012
1292:Paine & Syms 2012
1280:Paine & Syms 2012
1094:(112 tonnes maximum)
882:
841:with service between
790:
693:
619:
608:and 3.5m swell seas.
555:
500:
425:Saunders-Roe Princess
399:Prototype and testing
297:), was capable of 83
249:
232:
18:GH-2007 Princess Anne
2172:11 December 2004 at
1788:on 17 September 2012
1306:, pp. 131, 147.
1282:, pp. 131, 236.
1161:. The SR.N4 GH-2005
1154:Diamonds Are Forever
656:on the French side.
623:at the mouth of the
604:force 8 wind on the
556:The interior of The
2236:Westland Hovercraft
1073:Rolls-Royce Proteus
1001:
939:The Prince of Wales
843:Rochester, New York
661:Chamber of Commerce
612:Operational service
524:Rolls-Royce Proteus
409:Vickers Supermarine
348:Rolls-Royce Proteus
321:as of August 2021.
286:Rolls-Royce Proteus
2287:BHC Hoverfreighter
1963:, p. 140–141.
1843:, p. 595–596.
1748:"Hovercraft Facts"
1737:, p. 309–310.
1725:, p. 230–234.
1618:, p. 366–367.
1518:, p. 240–241.
1491:, p. 303–305.
1479:, p. 297–300.
1426:, p. 165–166.
1402:, p. 202–203.
1390:, p. 201–202.
1378:, p. 236–238.
1339:, p. 167–168.
1178:The Black Windmill
1147:The SR.N4 GH-2006
1122:In popular culture
1000:
976:SR.N4 Hovershow 04
964:SR.N4 Hovershow 05
889:
800:
783:Surviving examples
699:
677:Ramsgate Hoverport
629:
562:
509:
477:. You can help by
252:
235:
2300:
2299:
2126:978-0-95689-780-0
2102:978-1-84832-150-2
2060:. 15 August 2016.
2034:. 30 January 2016
1887:. 4 November 2005
1859:BBC News Magazine
1149:Princess Margaret
1117:Gradient: 1 in 11
1098:
1097:
993:
992:
912:Hovercraft Museum
897:Princess Margaret
865:Princess Margaret
820:Hovercraft Museum
810:) were bought by
804:Princess Margaret
796:Hovercraft Museum
792:Princess Margaret
755:Military interest
745:Princess Margaret
669:Princess Margaret
621:Princess Margaret
495:
494:
432:Mountbatten-class
315:Hovercraft Museum
247:
230:
218:
217:
16:(Redirected from
2330:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2191:Brave Challenger
2143:
2141:
2130:
2107:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1948:National Archive
1940:
1934:
1933:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1688:on 18 July 2016.
1684:. Archived from
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
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953:External images
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785:
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697:loading in 1989
614:
571:Decca 629 radar
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475:needs expansion
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183:Installed power
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2149:External links
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2006:. 15 July 2008
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1980:. 9 April 2008
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1821:
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1758:. 15 June 1966
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1703:
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1194:Walter Matthau
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818:, next to the
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946:Specification
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937:06 – GH-2054
936:
933:
930:05 – GH-2008
929:
926:
925:Princess Anne
923:04 – GH-2007
922:
919:
916:03 – GH-2005
915:
913:
909:
906:02 – GH-2004
905:
903:in March 2018
902:
901:Lee-on-Solent
898:
895:01 – GH-2006
894:
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813:
809:
808:Princess Anne
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766:
765:mine sweeping
763:considered a
762:
754:
752:
750:
749:Dover Harbour
746:
742:
738:
737:Princess Anne
730:
728:
726:
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695:Princess Anne
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685:Princess Anne
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502:Princess Anne
499:
489:
480:
476:
473:This section
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457:
455:
453:
447:
445:
444:maiden flight
439:
437:
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429:
426:
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418:
417:Isle of Wight
414:
410:
406:
398:
396:
394:
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382:
381:Frank Cousins
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319:Lee-on-Solent
316:
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311:Princess Anne
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33:
30:
19:
2318:Saunders-Roe
2261:
2228:Saunders-Roe
2135:
2115:
2108:
2094:
2091:
2083:Bibliography
2066:
2057:
2048:
2036:. Retrieved
2029:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:Toronto Star
2003:
1994:
1984:10 September
1982:. Retrieved
1977:
1968:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1919:
1913:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1884:
1875:
1863:. Retrieved
1858:
1848:
1836:
1824:
1813:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:the original
1781:
1778:"Hovercraft"
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1751:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1694:
1686:the original
1672:
1667:, p. 9.
1660:
1641:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1540:
1511:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1344:
1332:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1256:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1229:
1187:
1176:
1166:
1162:
1159:Sean Connery
1152:
1148:
1146:
1130:
1076:Gas turbines
938:
931:
924:
917:
907:
896:
890:
884:
868:
864:
862:
857:
851:
839:Lake Ontario
828:
823:
807:
806:and GH-2007
803:
801:
791:
758:
744:
736:
734:
722:
707:
702:
700:
694:
684:
681:
668:
666:
658:
630:
620:
599:
595:
591:
587:
563:
557:
521:
510:
501:
486:January 2017
483:
479:adding to it
474:
448:
440:
431:
428:flying boats
420:
405:Saunders-Roe
402:
377:British Rail
374:
366:
362:
333:
310:
303:
274:Saunders-Roe
271:
260:
259:
255:
253:
60:
29:
1165:starred in
1137:1:144 scale
1135:produced a
1101:Performance
1065:Powerplant
798:in May 2008
715:Dowty Rotol
531:Dowty Rotol
354:gas turbine
325:Development
261:Mountbatten
61:Mountbatten
2313:Hovercraft
2307:Categories
2038:4 February
1792:23 January
1547:, Annex 1.
1216:References
1127:Model kits
1068:4 x 3,400
996:Dimensions
875:Production
761:Royal Navy
725:Hoverspeed
718:propellers
673:Hoverlloyd
646:Folkestone
344:turboshaft
293:(193
267:hovercraft
191:Propulsion
145:Hovercraft
104:In service
95:Hoverspeed
85:Hoverlloyd
1221:Citations
1192:starring
1189:Hopscotch
1182:starring
1157:starring
731:Accidents
579:joysticks
539:gearboxes
527:turboprop
351:marinised
291:long tons
128:Preserved
112:Completed
107:1968–2000
78:Operators
2182:Archived
2170:Archived
2158:Archived
2058:BBC News
2031:BBC News
2010:29 March
1978:CityNews
1885:BBC News
1756:BBC News
1240:22 March
1204:See also
1168:La Gifle
654:Boulogne
638:Seaspeed
577:pedals,
436:Seaspeed
211:Capacity
120:Scrapped
90:Seaspeed
68:Builders
1891:18 June
1865:18 June
1815:Autocar
1762:9 April
1175:and in
1040:Height
1018:Length
1013:Mark 3
1010:Mark 2
1007:Mark 1
794:at the
560:in 2019
513:modular
330:Origins
278:Vickers
151:Tonnage
2292:AP1-88
2123:
2099:
1926:
1680:. UK:
1648:
1263:
1133:Airfix
1083:Load:
1060:320 t
1057:200 t
887:, 1974
845:, and
650:Calais
627:, 1998
575:rudder
566:bridge
506:Calais
458:Design
383:, the
175:Height
159:Length
59:SR.N4
2272:SR.N6
2267:SR.N5
2262:SR.N4
2257:SR.N3
2252:SR.N2
2247:SR.N1
2140:(PDF)
1950:. UK.
1171:with
1032:Beam
908:Swift
885:Swift
777:SR.N3
769:mines
703:Swift
642:Dover
634:SR.N6
583:yokes
517:SR.N5
369:SR.N6
358:SR.N5
336:SR.N2
299:knots
256:SR.N4
203:Speed
154:320 t
63:class
43:Dover
2282:BH.8
2277:BH.7
2234:and
2121:ISBN
2097:ISBN
2040:2016
2012:2013
1986:2010
1924:ISBN
1893:2023
1867:2023
1861:. UK
1794:2008
1764:2010
1646:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1242:2008
1196:and
1163:Sure
1051:165
918:Sure
759:The
741:MAIB
602:gale
543:fins
452:salt
407:and
254:The
194:4 x
167:Beam
141:Type
56:Name
1070:shp
652:or
644:or
504:at
481:.
421:001
317:at
2309::
2230:,
2056:.
2028:.
2002:.
1976:.
1946:.
1883:.
1857:.
1802:^
1780:.
1754:.
1750:.
1582:^
1567:^
1552:^
1523:^
1496:^
1443:^
1356:^
1311:^
1200:.
581:,
549:.
446:.
2219:e
2212:t
2205:v
2129:.
2105:.
2042:.
2014:.
1988:.
1932:.
1908:.
1895:.
1869:.
1796:.
1766:.
1654:.
1269:.
1244:.
1180:,
1053:t
488:)
484:(
295:t
131:1
123:5
115:6
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
