379:
31:
309:
550:(Canada) from 1950 until the late 1980s, with remanufacture extending into FY1999. The M35 has had the widest range of bodies of any US truck. The cab design itself became the military standard, also used by 5 and 10-ton trucks. First built with a gasoline engine, in 1964 the multi-fuel became standard. In 1991 existing M35s began to be upgraded with diesel engines and automatic transmissions. Canadian trucks had automatic transmissions as built.
719:
668:
637:
624:
693:
469:
559:
43:
428:
503:
480:, in 1941. 500 M-5-6s and 3,000 M-5-6x4s, with a commercial K model cab, were complete by 1942, and were exported to the Soviet Union. The design then was upgraded, with a larger engine, tires, military open cab, and other improvements, and standardized as the M-5H-6 for the US Navy and Marines. The only
709:
versions on long wheelbases. Capacities were 750 US gal (2,800 L) to 1,200 US gal (4,500 L) in 2 or 3 compartments, depending on the series and whether carrying gasoline, water, or other liquid. Most had pumps and some had heaters. Most World War II units could be fitted
688:
Semi-tractor/trailers have limited off-road performance, and are not rated for full off-road use. The M35 and M211 series fifth wheel load rating was 12,000 lb (5,400 kg) on road and 7,000 lb (3,200 kg) off-road. A 36,000 lb (16,000 kg) trailer could be towed on road and
619:
could be mounted, during World War II approximately one in four trucks had a ring. In 1942, to simplify production and reduce shipping height, all manufacturers began to use military style open cabs. Studebaker returned to closed cabs after only 10,000 open cabs were built because the major user USSR
726:
The CCKW, M35, and M135 had a 12 ft (3.66 m) van model on a long wheelbase. These could be equipped for many different roles. The M35 also had a 17 ft (5.18 m) model with slide out sections on both sides. Van bodies were used for medical, communication, machine, repair, and other
587:
The six-wheel M135 cargo / personnel truck featured a 180-inch wheelbase with a single-wheel rear tandem and 11:00x20 size tires, necessitating a wheel well in the cargo bed for clearance. The M211 was identical except it had a dual-wheel tandem and smaller 9:00x20 tires. Other dual tandem versions
278:
wrote that most senior officers regarded it as "one of the six most vital" U.S. vehicles to win the war. It has been called the most important truck of World War II, and the 6×6 became known as the "workhorse of the army". According to Hyde (2013): "Each of the three axles had its own differential,
364:
In the late 1940s the military needed a new standard truck. Chrysler, GMC, REO, and
Studebaker submitted designs. The REO design was standardized for all services as the M35, and continued standard until 1990. The GMC was classed as substitute standard M135 in the US but became standard in Canada.
158:, and many others have been exported to smaller militaries. In addition to the 6x6 trucks, a significant minority of these trucks were also built minus the front-wheel drive, as 6x4 trucks. The nickname "Jimmy", a phonetical diminutive of GMC, could be applied to both their 6x6 and 6x4 units.
644:
All series had a cargo model with a 12 ft (3.66 m) body on a long wheelbase. The 1940 designs had a 9 ft (2.74 m) prime mover type body on a short wheelbase, the M35 series had a 17 ft 5 in (5.31 m) body on a longer wheelbase (178 in).
360:
submitted designs, all except REO's were accepted and in production by 1941. Yellow's CCKW became the Army standard, International's M-5-6 became Navy and Marine Corps standard, and
Studebaker's US6 was built for export to allied countries. REO built the Studebaker design.
448:
Early trucks used a commercial style closed cab, in
December 1942 an open military style cab entered production. The Soviet Union preferred the closed cabs for their extreme weather, so in March 1943 the open cabs were discontinued, after only about 10,000 were built.
183:-ton truck. First fielded in the 1950s, the M35 family became one of the most successful and long-lived series of trucks ever deployed by the U.S. military. They were used in Vietnam and continued to be used with various modifications into the late 1990s.
663:
on both short wheelbase (166 in) and long (178 in). The US6 also had side-dump trucks. The cab stone-shield could be removed on most to lower shipping height. They could be equipped with overhead bows, tarpaulin, and troop seats.
735:
The GMC CCKW and M35 series had chassis-cabs in different wheelbases for specialty bodies. Maintenance, engineer, water purification, pole-setting, air compressors, fire fighting, and other equipment were also mounted on chassis cabs.
684:
on a short wheelbase (166 in), the M35 series also had a long tractor (178 in). GMC made a few tractors based on the CCKW 352 during World War II. Studebaker never built a 6x6 tractor but built a 6x4 model.
279:
so power could be applied to all six wheels on rough terrain and steep hills. The front axle was typically disengaged on smooth highways, where these 'workhorses' often carried loads much above their rated capacity."
410:
Early trucks had GM's standard closed cab, from July 1943 military open cabs, which were easier to build and lowered shipping height, were used. To conserve steel, later cargo bodies were built largely of wood. The
200:-ton, ten-wheeled (6x6 and 6x4) trucks, that were originally classified as "light-heavy" in WW II, and "medium duty" later in their service life, with a significantly different design: the four-wheeled (4x4),
620:
preferred closed cabs. The post-war M35 and M135 were designed with open cabs and half-doors. Most military cabs could mount a machine gun ring. The M35 and M135 had removable hard tops available.
648:
All models had removable sideboards and overhead bows for a tarpaulin over the cargo area. All except the extra-long wheelbase M36 (214 in) had folding troop seats in the sideboards.
580:-ton M135 was classed as a substitute standard in the US Army after the REO M35 was standardized, and thus was employed in much smaller numbers, but the M135 was also widely used by the
452:
The
Studebakers were very successful in the Soviet Union, where they carried large loads on poor roads in extreme weather. They were so successful that they were closely copied as the
1924:
588:
produced were the M217 fuel tanker, M220 shop van, and M222 water tanker, plus the shorter M215 dump truck and M221 tractor with a 168-inch wheelbase. The M135 was the only
225:
Of the almost 2.4 million trucks that the U.S. Army bought between 1939 and
December 1945 (across all payload weight classes), just over one third (~812,000) were
1818:
1919:
119:-ton trucks were used ubiquitously in World War II, and continued to be the U.S. standard medium duty truck class after the war, including wide usage in the
727:
shops. They could have different sizes, window arrangements, and other special equipment. "Expansible" vans are used for communication equipment.
378:
602:-ton truck of the era designed with an automatic transmission. The transmission had 4 speeds and 2 ranges, with a single range transfer case.
1682:
1663:
1633:
1612:
1593:
934:
865:
445:
plant between June 1941 and August 1945, REO built another 22,000 in 1944–1945. The majority were exported Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union.
162:
494:-ton with locking differentials, it had excellent off-road performance. More than 30,000 of all models were built between 1941 and 1945.
1799:
TM 9-2320-209-10-1 Operation, Installation, and
Reference Data Operator Level 2 1/2-ton, 6x6, M44A1 and M44A2 Series Trucks (Multifuel)
1623:
615:
All of the 1940 designs had commercial type closed cabs with minor modifications. Variants had an open passenger roof so a ring for a
341:
297:
219:
147:
1438:
651:
Late in World War II, to conserve steel, cargo bodies were made largely of wood, postwar the M35 and M135 series returned to steel.
317:
338:
tactical cargo truck that could operate off-road in all weather. Dump, semi-tractor, tanker, and other bodies were also planned.
895:
539:
441:
The US6 was very similar in layout to, and shared some components with, the CCKW. Studebaker built over 195,000 at their
387:
139:
1827:
392:
As the standard US Army design during World War II, over 560,000 were built, more than any other US vehicle except the
239:-ton trucks, the vast majority of which (over 675,000 units) were six by six variants—outnumbering the almost 650,000
407:
plant in 1942. In 1943 Yellow was renamed G.M.C., leading to the popular nickname "Jimmy". Production ended in 1945.
746:
72:
796:-ton trucks had ten wheels—what is meant is three axles, with driving power being available to all six axle-ends.
511:
353:
1776:
357:
296:-ton M35 trucks still met 95 percent of the performance requirements at 60 percent of the cost of a new
166:
135:
30:
1867:
1846:
308:
920:
275:
442:
102:
1713:
810:
477:
880:
134:
Originally, five different designs were standardized by the U.S.; two were also standardized by
1678:
1659:
1629:
1608:
1589:
940:
930:
924:
861:
852:
400:
1639:
566:
An evolution from their widely successful CCKW, General Motors' successor "Deuce and a Half"
75:, in service for over half a century, from 1940 into the 1990s. Also frequently known as the
1904:
1734:
35:
1736:
TM 9-807 2 1/2 ton 6x6 Truck and 2 1/2 to 5-ton 6x4 Truck (Studebaker Models US6 and US6x4)
1797:
779:
749:– Nazi Germany's standardized 2½-ton, 6x6 truck for WW II, of which under 15,000 were made
547:
335:
1692:
535:
436:
396:. By 1947 there were over 20 standardized bodies, and many more special modifications.
345:
1820:
TM 9-2320-361-10 Operator's Manual for 2 1/2-ton, 6x6, M44A2 Series Trucks (Multifuel)
1913:
1755:
899:
822:
581:
531:
468:
681:
558:
419:
were mechanically virtually identical and were built next to CCKWs in both plants.
155:
87:
era. The basic cargo versions were designed to transport a cargo load of nominally
68:
1583:
660:
616:
124:
84:
42:
706:
543:
349:
151:
120:
818:
806:
404:
393:
240:
718:
710:
with bows and a tarpaulin to camouflage themselves as common cargo trucks.
667:
636:
623:
427:
944:
692:
412:
201:
138:. During World War II the most important model for the U.S. Army was the
128:
67:
was a standard class of medium duty trucks, designed at the beginning of
460:
family of trucks, built in the USSR until 1966 and in China until 1986.
274:-ton cargo truck was considered such a valuable piece of equipment that
17:
1894:
457:
453:
1307:
1305:
1899:
717:
691:
666:
635:
622:
557:
501:
467:
426:
377:
307:
41:
29:
854:
Arsenal of
Democracy: The American Automobile Industry in World
814:
416:
1322:
1320:
146:", with over 560,000 units built. Another 200,000+ deuces were
968:
966:
502:
83:, this nickname was popularized post WWII, most likely in the
881:
The
American Automobile Industry in World War Two (2-1-2019)
46:
1971 AM General M35A2 with winch and camouflage cargo cover
1385:
1383:
782:
must not be taken too literally—the vast majority of the
896:"M-35 Series 2 1_2-ton, 6x6 Trucks (G-742) – Olive-Drab"
312:
U.S. Army vehicles on a road in
Belgium, 19 January 1945
282:
Half a century after World War II, the remanufactured
38:
truck gets stuck in the mud during World War II, 1944.
1715:
TM 9-801 Truck, 2 1/2-ton 6x6 GMC CCKW-352 & 353
1757:
TM 9-819 2 1/2 ton 6x6 Cargo truck M34 (and others)
689:a 17,000 lb (7,700 kg) trailer off-road.
1900:US Army Technical Manuals at Liberated Manuals.com
929:. Doubleday (US)/Heinemann (UK). p. 163/164.
860:. Wayne State University Press. pp. 152–153.
765:Originally, during World War II, categorized as a
1248:
334:-ton (5,000 lbs, 2,300 kg) load-rated
1875:. US Depts. of the Army. 1953. pp. 222–242
1694:TM 9-500 Data Sheets for Ordnance Type Material
186:In 1991, the U.S. military began replacing the
101:short tons (5,000 lb; 2,300 kg) over
1700:. US Dept. of the Army. 1962. pp. Sec. 21
1607:(3 ed.). Victory WW2. pp. 356–362.
846:
844:
842:
840:
476:The International design began production at
8:
1826:. US Dept. of the Army. 1988. Archived from
257:-ton trucks were built as 6x4 driven units.
1497:, pp. 111–115, 124, 134, 137, 158–160.
1925:World War II vehicles of the United States
1721:. US War Dept. 1944. pp. 13–14, 35–40
1675:The Illustrated Guide to Military Vehicles
1625:Standard Catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles
1404:, pp. 111–112, 124–125, 132–134, 158.
1566:
1554:
1425:
1374:
1326:
1628:(2 ed.). Krause. pp. 105–160.
1542:
1518:
1482:
1470:
1413:
1362:
1311:
1284:
1152:
1092:
890:
888:
530:-ton truck M35 was manufactured by REO,
1905:US Army Technical Manuals at NSN Lookup
1389:
1260:
1224:
1176:
1164:
1104:
1044:
1020:
996:
984:
957:
836:
758:
680:The M-6H-6, M211, and M35 series had a
403:truck plant in 1941 and at Chevrolet's
1658:. Wayne State Univ. pp. 203–207.
1895:US Army Technical Manuals at Jatonkam
1530:
1506:
1494:
1458:
1401:
1350:
1296:
1272:
1236:
1188:
1116:
1056:
1032:
1008:
7:
1920:Military trucks of the United States
1656:Images from the Arsenal of Democracy
1439:"GMC CCKW Tractor at The G503 Album"
1338:
1212:
1200:
1167:, pp. 164–165, 170, 178, 185, .
1140:
1128:
1080:
1068:
972:
27:Class of military medium duty trucks
1569:, pp. 225, 235, 236, 239, 240.
399:Production began at Yellow Coach's
1778:TM 9-819A 2 1/2-ton 6x6 truck M135
220:Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
25:
705:All series had fuel and/or water
218:-ton rated, LMTV variants of the
415:AFKWX, 6x4 CCW, and amphibious
1582:Crismon, Frederick W. (1995).
1299:, pp. 110, 122, 127, 158.
1:
1509:, pp. 117, 138–142, 159.
1461:, pp. 124, 130–131, 159.
1854:. US Dept. of the Army. 1947
1805:. US Dept. of the Army. 1989
1784:. US Dept. of the Army. 1951
1763:. US Dept. of the Army. 1952
1677:. Anness. pp. 238–239.
1605:US Military Wheeled Vehicles
1588:. Motorbooks International.
1533:, pp. 114–117, 142–153.
1521:, pp. 21-113 to 21-117.
388:GMC CCKW 2 1/2-ton 6x6 truck
204:"light medium", but equally
1869:TM 9-2800 Military Vehicles
1848:TM 9-2800 Military Vehicles
1941:
1485:, pp. 21-90 to 21-95.
1314:, pp. 21-83 to 21-90.
1143:, pp. 65–67, 208–209.
960:, p. 8, 326-327, 329.
747:Einheits-LKW der Wehrmacht
509:
434:
385:
165:, originally developed by
1654:Hyde, Charles K. (2014).
1011:, pp. 108, 122, 125.
851:Hyde, Charles K. (2013).
512:M35 2 1/2-ton cargo truck
1603:Crismon, Fred W (2001).
1557:, pp. 218, 267–268.
1545:, pp. 21–19, 21–30.
1416:, pp. 21–69, 21–74.
1377:, pp. 266, 273–275.
1341:, pp. 236, 238–329.
1035:, pp. 127–128, 156.
318:U.S. Army Ordnance Corps
161:After World War II, the
1249:TM 9-2320-361-10 (1993)
975:, p. 236, 238-239.
617:.50 caliber machine gun
354:International Harvester
127:, as well as the first
723:
697:
672:
641:
628:
563:
516:The standard post-war
507:
473:
432:
383:
313:
169:, became the standard
154:export, mostly to the
150:, built primarily for
148:Studebaker and REO US6
105:, in all weather. The
47:
39:
1622:Doyle, David (2003).
805:The others being the
721:
695:
670:
639:
626:
561:
505:
471:
430:
381:
358:REO Motor Car Company
311:
243:. A further ~118,000
45:
33:
1585:International Trucks
1428:, pp. 271, 272.
921:Dwight D. Eisenhower
472:International M-5H-6
1742:. US War Dept. 1943
1329:, pp. 279–281.
1263:, pp. 336–337.
1239:, pp. 127–155.
1227:, pp. 338–345.
1191:, pp. 125–127.
1179:, pp. 327–328.
1131:, p. 111, 181.
1119:, pp. 122–124.
1107:, pp. 328–329.
1083:, pp. 237–239.
1071:, pp. 203–207.
1059:, pp. 105–121.
1047:, pp. 330–334.
1023:, pp. 335–338.
999:, pp. 327–334.
987:, pp. 164–165.
676:Semi-tractor trucks
443:South Bend, Indiana
1673:Ware, Pat (2014).
1576:General references
1275:, p. 156-160.
811:Landing Ship, Tank
724:
698:
673:
671:M275 Tractor Truck
642:
629:
564:
540:Studebaker-Packard
508:
478:Ft. Wayne, Indiana
474:
433:
384:
314:
276:General Eisenhower
241:World War II jeeps
48:
40:
1684:978-1-78214-192-1
1665:978-0-8143-3982-4
1635:978-0-87349-508-0
1614:978-0-9700567-1-9
1595:978-0-7603-0069-5
1473:, pp. 11–12.
936:978-0-8018-5668-6
926:Crusade in Europe
867:978-0-8143-3952-7
813:, the amphibious
401:Pontiac, Michigan
320:was developing a
316:In 1939-1940 the
16:(Redirected from
1932:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1853:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1832:
1825:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1804:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1741:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1688:
1669:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1638:. Archived from
1618:
1599:
1570:
1567:TM 9-2800 (1953)
1564:
1558:
1555:TM 9-2800 (1947)
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1435:
1429:
1426:TM 9-2800 (1947)
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1378:
1375:TM 9-2800 (1947)
1372:
1366:
1365:, pp. 6–10.
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1327:TM 9-2800 (1947)
1324:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
961:
955:
949:
948:
917:
911:
910:
908:
907:
898:. Archived from
892:
883:
878:
872:
871:
857:
848:
826:
803:
797:
795:
794:
790:
787:
776:
770:
763:
601:
600:
596:
593:
579:
578:
574:
571:
529:
528:
524:
521:
493:
492:
488:
485:
333:
332:
328:
325:
295:
294:
290:
287:
273:
272:
268:
265:
256:
255:
251:
248:
238:
237:
233:
230:
217:
216:
212:
209:
199:
198:
194:
191:
182:
181:
177:
174:
163:M35 series truck
118:
117:
113:
110:
100:
99:
95:
92:
77:deuce and a half
64:
63:
59:
56:
36:Red Ball Express
21:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1910:
1909:
1891:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1833:on 17 June 2019
1830:
1823:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1672:
1666:
1653:
1645:
1643:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1602:
1596:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1543:TM 9-500 (1953)
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1519:TM 9-500 (1953)
1517:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1483:TM 9-500 (1953)
1481:
1477:
1471:TM 9-807 (1943)
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1414:TM 9-500 (1953)
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1392:, pp. 185.
1388:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1363:TM 9-500 (1953)
1361:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1318:
1312:TM 9-500 (1953)
1310:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1285:TM 9-819 (1951)
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1203:, pp. 209.
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1153:TM 9-807 (1943)
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1093:TM 9-801 (1944)
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
983:
979:
971:
964:
956:
952:
937:
919:
918:
914:
905:
903:
894:
893:
886:
879:
875:
868:
855:
850:
849:
838:
834:
832:Reference notes
829:
804:
800:
792:
788:
785:
783:
777:
773:
764:
760:
756:
743:
737:
733:
716:
703:
678:
659:All series had
657:
640:M342 Dump Truck
634:
627:M35 Cargo Truck
613:
608:
598:
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1828:the original
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904:. Retrieved
900:the original
876:
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780:"six by six"
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734:
731:Chassis-cabs
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682:semi-tractor
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632:Cargo trucks
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454:ZIS-/ZIL-151
451:
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342:Yellow Coach
340:
315:
298:FMTV vehicle
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156:Soviet Union
143:
133:
125:Vietnam Wars
80:
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69:World War II
51:
49:
1339:Ware (2014)
1213:Ware (2014)
1201:Hyde (2014)
1141:Hyde (2014)
1129:Ware (2014)
1081:Ware (2014)
1069:Hyde (2014)
973:Ware (2014)
767:light-heavy
701:Tank trucks
661:dump trucks
655:Dump trucks
532:Kaiser-Jeep
103:all terrain
85:Vietnam War
1914:Categories
1646:2018-04-26
906:2018-07-20
821:, and the
714:Van trucks
548:Bombardier
544:AM General
350:Studebaker
348:company),
152:Lend-Lease
79:, or just
807:bulldozer
778:The term
754:Footnotes
464:IHC M-5-6
405:St. Louis
222:(FMTV) .
923:(1948).
819:the jeep
741:See also
562:GMC M211
554:GMC M135
382:GMC CCKW
374:GMC CCKW
140:GMC CCKW
129:Gulf War
71:for the
18:GMC M135
817:truck,
791:⁄
597:⁄
575:⁄
525:⁄
506:REO M35
498:REO M35
489:⁄
458:ZIL-157
369:Designs
329:⁄
304:History
291:⁄
269:⁄
252:⁄
234:⁄
213:⁄
195:⁄
178:⁄
114:⁄
96:⁄
60:⁄
1879:24 Apr
1858:15 Jul
1837:15 Jul
1809:15 Jul
1788:27 Sep
1767:27 Sep
1746:27 Sep
1725:27 Sep
1704:23 Apr
1681:
1662:
1632:
1611:
1592:
1444:14 May
945:394251
943:
933:
864:
856:War II
815:"Duck"
809:, the
769:truck.
606:Bodies
546:, and
413:C.O.E.
394:"Jeep"
356:, and
136:Canada
121:Korean
1873:(PDF)
1852:(PDF)
1831:(PDF)
1824:(PDF)
1803:(PDF)
1782:(PDF)
1761:(PDF)
1740:(PDF)
1719:(PDF)
1698:(PDF)
144:Jimmy
81:deuce
1881:2018
1860:2019
1839:2019
1811:2019
1790:2019
1769:2019
1748:2019
1727:2019
1706:2018
1679:ISBN
1660:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1446:2018
941:OCLC
931:ISBN
862:ISBN
707:tank
456:and
417:DUKW
260:The
142:or "
123:and
50:The
611:Cab
344:(a
336:6×6
167:REO
1916::
1382:^
1319:^
1304:^
965:^
939:.
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346:GM
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34:A
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20:)
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