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crops (Board on
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Committee on Environmental Impacts Associated with Commercialization of Transgenic Plants, National Research Council and Division on Earth and Life Studies 2002). Both the U.S. National Research Council and the Joint Research Centre (the European Union's scientific and technical research laboratory and an integral part of the European Commission) have concluded that there is a comprehensive body of knowledge that adequately addresses the food safety issue of genetically engineered crops (Committee on Identifying and Assessing Unintended Effects of Genetically Engineered Foods on Human Health and National Research Council 2004; European Commission Joint Research Centre 2008). These and other recent reports conclude that the processes of genetic engineering and conventional breeding are no different in terms of unintended consequences to human health and the environment (European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation 2010).
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of the World Health
Organization (WHO, 2002). These foods have been assessed for increased risks to human health by several national regulatory authorities (inter alia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, the United Kingdom and the United States) using their national food safety procedures (ICSU). To date no verifiable untoward toxic or nutritionally deleterious effects resulting from the consumption of foods derived from genetically modified crops have been discovered anywhere in the world (GM Science Review Panel). Many millions of people have consumed foods derived from GM plants - mainly maize, soybean and oilseed rape - without any observed adverse effects (ICSU).
1798:
GM products (mainly maize and soybeans) are as safe and nutritious as the respective conventional non-GM plant, and those raising still serious concerns, was observed. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that most of the studies demonstrating that GM foods are as nutritional and safe as those obtained by conventional breeding, have been performed by biotechnology companies or associates, which are also responsible of commercializing these GM plants. Anyhow, this represents a notable advance in comparison with the lack of studies published in recent years in scientific journals by those companies.
1966:
research groups, is that biotechnology, and in particular GMOs, are not per se more risky than e.g. conventional plant breeding technologies." The World Health
Organization, the American Medical Association, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the British Royal Society, and every other respected organization that has examined the evidence has come to the same conclusion: consuming foods containing ingredients derived from GM crops is no riskier than consuming the same foods containing ingredients from crop plants modified by conventional plant improvement techniques.
431:
the soybean to contain healthier components, or even focus on one aspect of the soybean to produce in larger quantities. These phases became known as the first and second generation of genetically modified (GM) foods. As Peter Celec describes, "benefits of the first generation of GM foods were oriented towards the production process and companies, the second generation of GM foods offers, on contrary, various advantages and added value for the consumer", including "improved
100:
36:
1933:. Overall, a broad scientific consensus holds that currently marketed GM food poses no greater risk than conventional food... Major national and international science and medical associations have stated that no adverse human health effects related to GMO food have been reported or substantiated in peer-reviewed literature to date.
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GM foods currently available on the international market have passed safety assessments and are not likely to present risks for human health. In addition, no effects on human health have been shown as a result of the consumption of such foods by the general population in the countries where they have
1936:
Despite various concerns, today, the
American Association for the Advancement of Science, the World Health Organization, and many independent international science organizations agree that GMOs are just as safe as other foods. Compared with conventional breeding techniques, genetic engineering is far
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The presented articles suggesting possible harm of GMOs received high public attention. However, despite their claims, they actually weaken the evidence for the harm and lack of substantial equivalency of studied GMOs. We emphasize that with over 1783 published articles on GMOs over the last 10 years
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Currently available transgenic crops and foods derived from them have been judged safe to eat and the methods used to test their safety have been deemed appropriate. These conclusions represent the consensus of the scientific evidence surveyed by the ICSU (2003) and they are consistent with the views
2117:
Several scientific organizations in the US have issued studies or statements regarding the safety of GMOs indicating that there is no evidence that GMOs present unique safety risks compared to conventionally bred products. These include the
National Research Council, the American Association for the
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In spite of this, the number of studies specifically focused on safety assessment of GM plants is still limited. However, it is important to remark that for the first time, a certain equilibrium in the number of research groups suggesting, on the basis of their studies, that a number of varieties of
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The literature about
Biodiversity and the GE food/feed consumption has sometimes resulted in animated debate regarding the suitability of the experimental designs, the choice of the statistical methods or the public accessibility of data. Such debate, even if positive and part of the natural process
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than conventional food, but that each GM food needs to be tested on a case-by-case basis before introduction. Nonetheless, members of the public are much less likely than scientists to perceive GM foods as safe. The legal and regulatory status of GM foods varies by country, with some nations banning
745:
The regulation of genetic engineering concerns the approaches taken by governments to assess and manage the risks associated with the development and release of genetically modified crops. There are differences in the regulation of GM crops between countries, with some of the most marked differences
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makeup of a soybean gives it a wide variety of uses, thus keeping it in high demand. First, manufacturers only wanted to use transgenics to be able to grow more soybeans at a minimal cost to meet this demand, and to fix any problems in the growing process, but they eventually found they could modify
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Members of the GM jury project were briefed on various aspects of genetic modification by a diverse group of acknowledged experts in the relevant subjects. The GM jury reached the conclusion that the sale of GM foods currently available should be halted and the moratorium on commercial growth of GM
1882:
Here, we show that a number of articles some of which have strongly and negatively influenced the public opinion on GM crops and even provoked political actions, such as GMO embargo, share common flaws in the statistical evaluation of the data. Having accounted for these flaws, we conclude that the
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The Royal
Society review (2002) concluded that the risks to human health associated with the use of specific viral DNA sequences in GM plants are negligible, and while calling for caution in the introduction of potential allergens into food crops, stressed the absence of evidence that commercially
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The EU, for example, has invested more than €300 million in research on the biosafety of GMOs. Its recent report states: "The main conclusion to be drawn from the efforts of more than 130 research projects, covering a period of more than 25 years of research and involving more than 500 independent
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There is broad scientific consensus that genetically engineered crops currently on the market are safe to eat. After 14 years of cultivation and a cumulative total of 2 billion acres planted, no adverse health or environmental effects have resulted from commercialization of genetically engineered
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Beckmann, V., C. Soregaroli, J. Wesseler (2011): Coexistence of genetically modified (GM) and non-modified (non GM) crops: Are the two main property rights regimes equivalent with respect to the coexistence value? In "Genetically modified food and global welfare" edited by Colin Carter, GianCarlo
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The largest differences between the public and the AAAS scientists are found in beliefs about the safety of eating genetically modified (GM) foods. Nearly nine-in-ten (88%) scientists say it is generally safe to eat GM foods compared with 37% of the general public, a difference of 51 percentage
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When seeking to optimise the balance between benefits and risks, it is prudent to err on the side of caution and, above all, learn from accumulating knowledge and experience. Any new technology such as genetic modification must be examined for possible benefits and risks to human health and the
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We have reviewed the scientific literature on GE crop safety for the last 10 years that catches the scientific consensus matured since GE plants became widely cultivated worldwide, and we can conclude that the scientific research conducted so far has not detected any significant hazard directly
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On the basis of detailed examination of comparisons of currently commercialized GE with non-GE foods in compositional analysis, acute and chronic animal toxicity tests, long-term data on health of livestock fed GE foods, and human epidemiological data, the committee found no differences that
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A report issued by the scientific council of the
American Medical Association (AMA) says that no long-term health effects have been detected from the use of transgenic crops and genetically modified foods, and that these foods are substantially equivalent to their conventional counterparts.
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Advancement of
Science, and the American Medical Association. Groups in the US opposed to GMOs include some environmental organizations, organic farming organizations, and consumer organizations. A substantial number of legal academics have criticized the US's approach to regulating GMOs.
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of 20 milligrams per kilogram (9.1 mg/lb) for international trade. Regulation varies in a given country depending on the intended use of the products of the genetic engineering. For example, a crop not intended for food use is generally not reviewed by authorities responsible for
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In our view, the potential for GM foods to cause harmful health effects is very small and many of the concerns expressed apply with equal vigour to conventionally derived foods. However, safety concerns cannot, as yet, be dismissed completely on the basis of information currently
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available GM foods cause clinical allergic manifestations. The BMA shares the view that there is no robust evidence to prove that GM foods are unsafe but we endorse the call for further research and surveillance to provide convincing evidence of safety and benefit.
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crops should be continued. These conclusions were based on the precautionary principle and lack of evidence of any benefit. The Jury expressed concern over the impact of GM crops on farming, the environment, food safety and other potential health effects.
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Wesseler, J. and N. Kalaitzandonakes (2011): Present and Future EU GMO policy. In Arie Oskam, Gerrit
Meesters and Huib Silvis (eds.), EU Policy for Agriculture, Food and Rural Areas. Second Edition, pp. 23-323 – 23-332. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic
2200:
Different GM organisms include different genes inserted in different ways. This means that individual GM foods and their safety should be assessed on a case-by-case basis and that it is not possible to make general statements on the safety of all GM
2065:" "Crops and foods produced using recombinant DNA techniques have been available for fewer than 10 years and no long-term effects have been detected to date. These foods are substantially equivalent to their conventional counterparts.
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can be saved for subsequent years. According to its innovator, it is adapted to conditions in Arkansas. Several other varieties are being bred by crossing the original variety of Roundup Ready soybeans with other soybean varieties.
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been approved. Continuous application of safety assessments based on the Codex Alimentarius principles and, where appropriate, adequate post market monitoring, should form the basis for ensuring the safety of GM foods.
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I began this article with the testimonials from respected scientists that there is literally no scientific controversy over the health effects of GMOs. My investigation into the scientific literature tells another
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Following expiration of Monsanto's patent on the first variety of glyphosate-resistant Roundup Ready soybeans, development began on glyphosate-resistant generic soybeans. The first variety, developed at the
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National Academies Of Sciences, Engineering; Division on Earth Life Studies; Board on Agriculture Natural Resources; Committee on Genetically Engineered Crops: Past Experience Future Prospects (2016).
824:. GM crops also are involved in controversies over GM food with respect to whether food produced from GM crops are safe and whether GM crops are needed to address the world's food needs. See the
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Bioengineered foods have been consumed for close to 20 years, and during that time, no overt consequences on human health have been reported and/or substantiated in the peer-reviewed literature.
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Application for authorization to place on the market MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean in the European Union, according to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 on genetically modified food and feed
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authorised GM soy for cultivation and use but then imposed a ban upon entry into the EU in 2007. This resulted in an immediate withdrawal of 70% of the soybean hectares in 2008 and a
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such as drought or hypersaline conditions. These characteristics result in increased yield compared to unmodified varieties. In 2015, HB4 soybean was approved in
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it is expected that some of them should have reported undesired differences between GMOs and conventional crops even if no such differences exist in reality.
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Panchin, Alexander Y.; Tuzhikov, Alexander I. (January 14, 2016). "Published GMO studies find no evidence of harm when corrected for multiple comparisons".
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of review by the scientific community, has frequently been distorted by the media and often used politically and inappropriately in anti-GE crops campaigns.
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1680:"State of Food and Agriculture 2003–2004. Agricultural Biotechnology: Meeting the Needs of the Poor. Health and environmental impacts of transgenic crops"
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374:
57:
44:
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Deng, Ping-Jian; et al. (2008). "The Definition, Source, Manifestation and Assessment of Unintended Effects in Genetically Modified Plants".
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Division of Agriculture, came to the market in 2015. With a slightly lower yield than newer Monsanto varieties, it costs about 1/2 as much, and
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2020:
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Steinrücken, H.C.; Amrhein, N. (1980). "The herbicide glyphosate is a potent inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase".
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Moschini and Ian Sheldon, pp 201-224. Volume 10 in Frontiers of Economics and Globalization Series. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing
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Dong, Wei; Litao Yang1; Kailin Shen; Banghyun Kim; Gijs A. Kleter; Hans J.P. Marvin; Rong Guo; Wanqi Liang; Dabing Zhang (2008-06-04).
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Roller, Sibel; Susan Harlander (1998). "Modern food biotechnology: Overview of key issues". In Roller, Sibel; Susan Harlander (eds.).
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Soybean genetic transformation: a valuable tool for the functional study of genes and the production of agronomically improved plants
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202:
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Anthony, Kinney J.; Susan Knowlton (1998). "Designer oils: The high oleic acid soybean". In Roller, Sibel; Susan Harlander (eds.).
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687:-resistance gene, which completed the Brazilian regulatory process in 2010. This is a cross of two events, MON87701 x MON89788.
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These principles dictate a case-by-case premarket assessment that includes an evaluation of both direct and unintended effects.
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It is therefore not surprising that efforts to require labeling and to ban GMOs have been a growing political issue in the USA
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418:. In 2014, 90.7 million hectares of GM soybeans were planted worldwide, making up 82% of the total soybeans cultivation area.
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Monsanto's Bt Roundup Ready 2 Yield Soybeans Approved for Planting in Brazil - Crop Biotech Update (8/27/2010) | ISAAA.org/KC
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2007:. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. Biotechnologies, Agriculture, Food. European Commission, European Union.
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environment. As with all novel foods, safety assessments in relation to GM foods must be made on a case-by-case basis.
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created a high oleic fatty acid soybean with levels of oleic acid greater than 80%, and started marketing it in 2010.
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The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture announced on April 29, 2022, the approval of the drought-tolerant event, called
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2640:"Genetically Engineered Crops Benefit Many Farmers, but the Technology Needs Proper Management to Remain Effective"
2549:"The Regulation of GMOs in Europe and the United States: A Case-Study of Contemporary European Regulatory Politics"
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162:
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Domingo, Jose' L (2007). "Toxicity Studies of Genetically Modified Plants: A Review of the Published Literature".
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750:(ASA) is generally in favor of allowing new GM soy varieties. The ASA especially supports separate regulation of
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505:
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Wesseler, J. (ed.) (2005): Environmental Costs and Benefits of Transgenic Crops. Dordrecht, NL: Springer Press
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Haslberger, Alexander G. (2003). "Codex guidelines for GM foods include the analysis of unintended effects".
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976:. Purdue University, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. 1 October 2009. Archived from
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117.4m for purchase of replacement products. Farmer sentiment was very much in favour of relegalisation.
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A 2010 study found that in the United States, GM crops also provide a number of environmental benefits.
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724:
2848:. Center for Environmental Risk Assessment. 2018-04-05. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014.
1974:"AAAS Board of Directors: Legally Mandating GM Food Labels Could "Mislead and Falsely Alarm Consumers""
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495:(EPSPS). EPSPS is not present in animals, which instead obtain aromatic amino acids from their diet.
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Celec P; et al. (Dec 2005). "Biological and Biomedical Aspects of Genetically Modified Food".
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711:, which limits its usefulness in the food industry. Genetic modifications increased the amount of
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524:. The plasmid with EPSPS and the other genetic elements mentioned above was inserted into soybean
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1973:
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Hera, Cristian; Popescu, Ana (2011). "Biotechnology and its role for a sustainable agriculture".
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soybeans (The first variety was also known as GTS 40-3-2 (OECD UI: MON-04032-6)) are a series of
1949:
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Fred Miller, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Communications (December 3, 2014).
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2070:"REPORT 2 OF THE COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH (A-12): Labeling of Bioengineered Foods"
2016:
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Funke, Todd; Han, Huijong; Healy-Fried, Martha L.; Fischer, Markus; Schönbrunn, Ernst (2006).
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article for discussion of issues about GM crops and GM food. These controversies have led to
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2105:"Restrictions on Genetically Modified Organisms: United States. Public and Scholarly Opinion"
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Monsanto's patent on the first generation of Roundup Ready products expires in March 2015....
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or restricting them, and others permitting them with widely differing degrees of regulation.
480:. These amino acids are called "essential" because animals cannot make them; only plants and
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Overall finding on purported adverse effects on human health of foods derived from GE crops:
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2008:
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2424:"Evidence for Absolute Moral Opposition to Genetically Modified Food in the United States"
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implicate a higher risk to human health from GE foods than from their non-GE counterparts.
1895:
Yang, Y.T.; Chen, B. (2016). "Governing GMOs in the USA: science, law and public health".
1423:
1412:
1284:"Monsanto no longer controls one of the biggest innovations in the history of agriculture"
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techniques. In 1996, the first genetically modified soybean was introduced to the U.S. by
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data presented in these articles does not provide any substantial evidence of GMO harm.
1104:. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications. Archived from
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HB4 soybean, whose technical name is IND-ØØ41Ø-5 soybean, is a variety produced through
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Development, identification, and characterization of a glyphosate-tolerant soybean line
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536:. The patent on the first generation of Roundup Ready soybeans expired in March 2015.
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Roundup Ready Soybeans express a version of EPSPS from the CP4 strain of the bacteria
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1456:"Soybean Oil: Genetic Approaches for Modification of Functionality and Total Content"
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1950:"Statement by the AAAS Board of Directors On Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods"
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2136:. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (US). p. 149.
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970:"Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, The shikimate pathway – synthesis of chorismate"
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Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States
2458:
2363:
2274:
1853:
1765:
2684:
1784:
1641:
1623:"An overview of the last 10 years of genetically engineered crop safety research"
1621:
Nicolia, Alessandro; Manzo, Alberto; Veronesi, Fabio; Rosellini, Daniele (2013).
947:
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developed a glyphosate-resistant soybean that also expresses Cry1Ac protein from
3343:
3006:
1723:
884:
844:
836:
764:
751:
509:
27:
Soybean that has had DNA introduced into it using genetic engineering techniques
2423:
1804:
Krimsky, Sheldon (2015). "An Illusory Consensus behind GMO Health Assessment".
3384:
3047:
2754:
2131:
759:
712:
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684:
600:
477:
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1937:
more precise and, in most cases, less likely to create an unexpected outcome.
1861:
1817:
1766:"A literature review on the safety assessment of genetically modified plants"
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3663:
3538:
3197:
3190:
3129:
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3083:
3065:
2796:"Assessment of the Food Safety Issues Related to Genetically Modified Foods"
1202:
1157:"Arkansas: 'Look Ma, No Tech Fees.' Round Up Ready Soybean Variety Released"
1060:
704:
647:
557:
525:
520:, and a nopaline synthase (nos 3') transcriptional termination element from
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2381:
2238:
2159:
1924:
1869:
1792:
1742:
1649:
1489:
1221:
1087:
955:
909:"Pocket K No. 16: Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops in 2014"
504:, expression of which is regulated by an enhanced 35S promoter (E35S) from
35:
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1471:
1020:
17:
3686:
3653:
3456:
3451:
3328:
674:
655:
529:
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2785:. Federal Ministry of Education and Research. 3 Dec 2008. Archived from
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1069:
915:. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications
3681:
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3238:
3139:
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2960:
2955:
1955:. American Association for the Advancement of Science. October 20, 2012
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561:
513:
436:
399:
2886:
2879:
2723:
1916:
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3119:
3057:
2044:"AMA Report on Genetically Modified Crops and Foods (online summary)"
1036:"Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops"
802:
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that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater
659:
651:
569:
565:
549:
533:
488:
279:
2609:
2275:"Genetically modified foods and health: a second interim statement"
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2012:
1707:"Plant Genetics, Sustainable Agriculture and Global Food Security"
663:
553:
274:
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Glyphosate kills plants by interfering with the synthesis of the
820:
concerns raised by the fact that these organisms are subject to
812:
Critics have objected to GM crops on several grounds, including
798:
776:
695:
Soybean has been genetically modified to improve the quality of
617:
2890:
2397:"Public Perceptions of Agricultural Biotechnologies in Europe"
1998:
European Commission. Directorate-General for Research (2010).
407:
29:
2395:
Final Report of the PABE research project (December 2001).
2188:"Frequently asked questions on genetically modified foods"
723:. By silencing, or knocking out, the delta 9 and delta 12
1682:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
642:
The HB4 soybean was created to more efficiently tolerate
487:
Plants and microorganisms make these amino acids with an
2576:"Study Says Overuse Threatens Gains From Modified Crops"
484:
can make them and animals obtain them by eating plants.
2133:
Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects
1559:"WTO | the WTO and the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius"
741:
Regulation of the release of genetic modified organisms
548:
during 1994, GTS 40-3-2 was subsequently introduced to
2317:"Public and Scientists' Views on Science and Society"
1979:. American Association for the Advancement of Science
2971:
List of varieties of genetically modified maize/corn
2523:"Over Half of E.U. Countries Are Opting Out of GMOs"
2399:. Commission of European Communities. Archived from
2075:. American Medical Association. 2012. Archived from
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occurring between the US and Europe. In the US, the
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2924:
2422:Scott, Sydney E.; Inbar, Yoel; Rozin, Paul (2016).
1333:"Verdeca gets Paraguay's approval for HB4 soybeans"
1001:
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
754:and all other techniques. Soy beans are allowed a
491:that only plants and lower organisms have, called
2794:Kuiper, Harry A.; et al. (September 2001).
2473:"Restrictions on Genetically Modified Organisms"
2348:"Public views on GMOs: deconstructing the myths"
1764:Domingo, José L.; Bordonaba, Jordi Giné (2011).
2547:Lynch, Diahanna; Vogel, David (April 5, 2001).
1382:"China Approves Drought Tolerant HB4® Soybeans"
1358:"Canada Approves HB4 Drought Tolerant Soybeans"
1040:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2733:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
2704:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
2551:. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from
2001:A decade of EU-funded GMO research (2001–2010)
1897:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
1526:. Winter 2017–2018. pp. 1–22. p. 8:
3723:Genetically modified organisms in agriculture
2902:
1150:
1148:
654:(May 2019), the United States (August 2019),
576:in 2001. GMO Soybean is also approved by the
375:
8:
2315:Funk, Cary; Rainie, Lee (January 29, 2015).
2046:. American Medical Association. January 2001
1513:"ASA Responds to Withdrawal of Biotech Rule"
3544:Detection of genetically modified organisms
2878:'s GMO Detection Laboratory. Archived from
1454:Clemente, Tom E.; Cahoon, Edgar B. (2009).
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1234:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1186:"GMDD: a database of GMO detection methods"
691:Genetic modification to improve soybean oil
493:5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
3401:
3311:
3168:
2943:
2934:
2909:
2895:
2887:
2498:. American Bar Association. Archived from
2266:, advocate further caution based upon the
2262:Some medical organizations, including the
382:
368:
76:
2811:
2744:
2677:Genetic Modification in the Food Industry
2371:
2280:. British Medical Association. March 2004
1732:
1722:
1479:
1211:
1201:
1077:
1059:
877:Genetic Modification in the Food Industry
2521:Sifferlin, Alexandra (October 3, 2015).
1595:Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting
1415:Linked from the GMO Compass page on the
974:Metabolic Plant Physiology Lecture notes
60:of all important aspects of the article.
1972:Pinholster, Ginger (October 25, 2012).
1806:Science, Technology, & Human Values
867:
826:genetically modified food controversies
789:Genetically modified food controversies
331:Genetically modified food controversies
322:
289:
222:
187:
111:
88:
2851:
1541:"CODEX Alimentarius: Pesticide Detail"
1250:"GMO Detection method Database (GMDD)"
1227:
595:GTS 40-3-2 can be detected using both
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
2679:. London: Blackie. pp. 193–213.
2431:Perspectives on Psychological Science
2319:. Pew Research Center. Archived from
703:profile that makes it susceptible to
7:
2107:. Library of Congress. June 30, 2015
1931:(citing Domingo and Bordonaba, 2011)
1129:Genet. Mol. Biol. vol.35 no.4 supl.1
2475:. Library of Congress. June 9, 2015
1663:connected with the use of GM crops.
544:First approved commercially in the
3574:Genetic use restriction technology
2494:Bashshur, Ramona (February 2013).
1282:Antonio Regalado (July 30, 2015).
879:. London: Blackie. pp. 5–26.
25:
2574:Andrew Pollack (April 13, 2010).
2059:(from online summary prepared by
1842:Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
1630:Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
936:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
2813:10.1046/j.1365-313X.2001.01119.x
458:-resistant soybeans produced by
98:
34:
3592:Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
1404:Staff, Monsanto. August, 2009.
422:Examples of transgenic soybeans
213:Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
48:may be too short to adequately
2779:"Genetically Modified Soybean"
1705:Ronald, Pamela (May 1, 2011).
532:by scientists at Monsanto and
113:Genetically modified organisms
58:provide an accessible overview
1:
3354:Somatic cell nuclear transfer
2876:Shanghai Jiao Tong University
2872:GMO Detection method Database
1854:10.3109/07388551.2015.1130684
1258:Shanghai Jiao Tong University
2685:10.1007/978-1-4615-5815-6_10
2650:National Academy of Sciences
2645:US National Research Council
2496:"FDA and Regulation of GMOs"
1785:10.1016/j.envint.2011.01.003
1642:10.3109/07388551.2013.823595
1524:American Soybean Association
1013:10.1016/0006-291X(80)90547-1
948:10.1016/j.biopha.2005.07.013
748:American Soybean Association
719:and decreased the amount of
516:(CTP4) coding sequence from
396:genetically modified soybean
2364:10.1093/embo-reports/kve142
2264:British Medical Association
2190:. World Health Organization
1724:10.1534/genetics.111.128553
1522:. Vol. 5, no. 3.
885:10.1007/978-1-4615-5815-6_1
3759:
2868:"GTS 40-3-2 (MON-Ø4Ø32-6)"
2842:"GTS 40-3-2 (MON-Ø4Ø32-6)"
2836:List of approved varieties
1138:Padgette SR, et al (1995)
786:
738:
664:People's Republic of China
635:to respond efficiently to
298:Genetically modified crops
3677:
3412:Genetically modified food
2858:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2755:10.1080/10408390601177670
1773:Environment International
822:intellectual property law
522:Agrobacterium tumefaciens
501:Agrobacterium tumefaciens
410:introduced into it using
2602:National Academies Press
2443:10.1177/1745691615621275
1818:10.1177/0162243915598381
1254:GMO Detection Laboratory
1142:. Crop Sci 35:1451-1461.
1125:Homrich MS et al (2012)
506:cauliflower mosaic virus
2346:Marris, Claire (2001).
2268:precautionary principle
1203:10.1186/1471-2105-9-260
1061:10.1073/pnas.0603638103
336:GMO conspiracy theories
208:Substantial equivalence
1102:"GM Approval Database"
680:Bacillus thuringiensis
614:University of Arkansas
452:genetically engineered
188:History and regulation
3743:1998 in biotechnology
3025:Roundup ready soybean
2555:on September 29, 2016
1472:10.1104/pp.109.146282
1288:MIT Technology Review
843:, and to restrictive
756:Maximum Residue Limit
467:essential amino acids
443:Roundup Ready Soybean
3564:Reverse transfection
3339:Genetic transduction
2219:Nature Biotechnology
1528:USDA's withdrawal...
795:scientific consensus
607:Generic GMO soybeans
435:composition or even
351:StarLink corn recall
3554:Genetics in fiction
3486:Genetic enhancement
3288:Hepatitis B vaccine
2918:Genetic engineering
2716:2008JSFA...88.2401D
2231:10.1038/nbt0703-739
1909:2016JSFA...96.1851Y
1417:MON87701 x MON89788
1386:Crop Biotech Update
1362:Crop Biotech Update
1052:2006PNAS..10313010F
980:on 19 December 2007
847:in most countries.
834:international trade
633:genetic engineering
412:genetic engineering
91:Genetic engineering
3664:Stem cell research
3283:Ice-minus bacteria
2581:The New York Times
2323:on January 9, 2019
1422:2013-11-09 at the
1411:2012-09-05 at the
1190:BMC Bioinformatics
3705:
3704:
3669:Synthetic biology
3559:Human enhancement
3549:Genetic pollution
3525:
3524:
3393:
3392:
3301:
3300:
3264:
3263:
3158:
3157:
2724:10.1002/jsfa.3371
2710:(14): 2401–2413.
2694:978-1-4613-7665-1
2619:978-0-309-14708-8
2151:978-0-309-43738-7
2022:978-92-79-16344-9
1917:10.1002/jsfa.7523
1309:"Article Details"
894:978-1-4613-7665-1
707:, which makes it
392:
391:
356:He Jiankui affair
236:Molecular cloning
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3750:
3738:Soybean industry
3442:Dow AgroSciences
3402:
3312:
3169:
2944:
2935:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2888:
2883:
2863:
2857:
2849:
2846:GM Crop Database
2825:
2815:
2790:
2774:
2748:
2727:
2698:
2663:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:on June 21, 2018
2491:
2485:
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2480:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2428:
2419:
2413:
2412:
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2287:
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2279:
2260:
2254:
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2214:
2208:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2168:
2166:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2053:
2051:
2040:
2034:
2033:
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2029:
2006:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1903:(4): 1851–1855.
1889:
1833:
1800:
1770:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1736:
1726:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1689:
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1670:
1669:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1589:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1543:. Archived from
1537:
1531:
1530:
1520:American Soybean
1517:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1483:
1460:Plant Physiology
1451:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1402:
1396:
1395:
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1371:
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1319:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1260:. Archived from
1246:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1169:
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996:
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987:
985:
966:
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959:
931:
925:
924:
922:
920:
905:
899:
898:
872:
699:. Soy oil has a
601:protein analysis
384:
377:
370:
102:
77:
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
21:
3758:
3757:
3753:
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3748:
3747:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3673:
3642:
3596:
3578:
3531:
3521:
3495:
3491:Genetic testing
3473:
3463:
3389:
3375:Recombinant DNA
3363:
3334:Electroporation
3297:
3293:Oncolytic virus
3272:
3260:
3217:
3203:Herman the Bull
3154:
3088:
3070:
3052:
3034:
3011:
2993:
2975:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2915:
2866:
2850:
2840:
2832:
2793:
2777:
2746:10.1.1.662.4707
2730:
2701:
2695:
2674:
2671:
2669:Further reading
2666:
2661:
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2638:
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1515:
1511:
1510:
1506:
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1497:
1453:
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1441:
1434:
1430:
1424:Wayback Machine
1413:Wayback Machine
1403:
1399:
1390:
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1375:
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1153:
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1137:
1133:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1046:(35): 13010–5.
1033:
1032:
1028:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
968:
967:
963:
933:
932:
928:
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791:
785:
743:
737:
693:
672:
662:(2021) and the
629:
609:
593:
542:
518:Petunia hybrida
482:micro-organisms
445:
424:
406:) that has had
388:
346:Séralini affair
241:Recombinant DNA
71:
65:
62:
55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3756:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:Edible legumes
3710:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3647:Similar fields
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
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3630:
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3615:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3597:
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3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3517:Gene targeting
3514:
3512:Gene knockdown
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3447:DuPont Pioneer
3444:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3408:
3406:
3405:In agriculture
3399:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3349:Microinjection
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
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3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3186:Knockout mouse
3177:
3175:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
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3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
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3089:
3087:
3086:
3080:
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3072:
3071:
3069:
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3062:
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3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:on 2016-12-24.
2864:
2838:
2831:
2830:External links
2828:
2827:
2826:
2791:
2789:on 2017-02-02.
2775:
2739:(8): 721–733.
2728:
2699:
2693:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2655:
2631:
2618:
2610:10.17226/12804
2604:. 2010-07-26.
2587:
2566:
2539:
2513:
2486:
2464:
2437:(3): 315–324.
2414:
2387:
2358:(7): 545–548.
2338:
2307:
2255:
2225:(7): 739–741.
2209:
2179:
2150:
2142:10.17226/23395
2122:
2096:
2035:
2021:
1990:
1941:
1848:(2): 213–217.
1812:(6): 883–914.
1779:(4): 734–742.
1752:
1697:
1671:
1613:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1550:
1547:on 2016-10-19.
1532:
1504:
1502:Anthony, 196-7
1495:
1466:(3): 1030–40.
1439:
1428:
1397:
1373:
1349:
1337:NS Agriculture
1324:
1300:
1274:
1241:
1176:
1144:
1131:
1118:
1093:
1026:
1007:(4): 1207–12.
991:
961:
942:(10): 531–40.
926:
900:
893:
866:
864:
861:
860:
859:
852:
849:
816:concerns, and
787:Main article:
784:
781:
739:Main article:
736:
733:
729:DuPont Pioneer
721:linolenic acid
692:
689:
671:
670:Stacked traits
668:
644:abiotic stress
628:
625:
608:
605:
592:
589:
578:United Nations
541:
538:
444:
441:
423:
420:
390:
389:
387:
386:
379:
372:
364:
361:
360:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
341:Pusztai affair
338:
333:
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320:
319:
318:
317:
312:
307:
306:
305:
292:
291:
287:
286:
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270:Genome editing
267:
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255:
253:Transformation
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109:
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95:
94:
86:
85:
73:
72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3755:
3744:
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3716:
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3713:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Biotechnology
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:South America
3631:
3628:
3624:
3623:North America
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3569:Transhumanism
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3507:Gene knockout
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3417:Controversies
3415:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3316:Inserting DNA
3313:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:Other animals
3220:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2806:(6): 503–28.
2805:
2801:
2800:Plant Journal
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2656:
2652:. 2010-04-13.
2651:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2487:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2403:on 2017-05-25
2402:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2276:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2082:on 2012-09-07
2078:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2013:10.2777/97784
2010:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1991:
1975:
1967:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1836:And contrast:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1760:But see also:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1264:on 2012-03-28
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1108:on 2011-09-30
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
979:
975:
971:
965:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
914:
910:
904:
901:
896:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
868:
862:
858:
855:
854:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
807:
804:
800:
796:
790:
782:
780:
778:
774:
773:trade deficit
770:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
742:
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
690:
688:
686:
682:
681:
676:
669:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
626:
624:
622:
619:
615:
606:
604:
602:
598:
590:
588:
586:
581:
579:
575:
572:in 1998, and
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:United States
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:
496:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:phenylalanine
468:
463:
461:
457:
454:varieties of
453:
449:
448:Roundup Ready
442:
440:
438:
434:
429:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
385:
380:
378:
373:
371:
366:
365:
363:
362:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
327:
326:
323:Controversies
321:
316:
315:Designer baby
313:
311:
308:
304:
301:
300:
299:
296:
295:
294:
293:
288:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
249:
248:Gene delivery
246:
242:
239:
238:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
227:
226:
221:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
193:
192:
191:
186:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:
114:
110:
106:
105:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
87:
83:
79:
78:
69:
66:November 2015
59:
53:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3728:Soy products
3481:Gene therapy
3380:Transgenesis
3359:Transfection
3324:Agrobacteria
3208:Knockout rat
3030:Vistive Gold
3016:
2926:Genetically
2880:the original
2871:
2845:
2803:
2799:
2787:the original
2782:
2736:
2732:
2707:
2703:
2676:
2658:
2643:
2634:
2623:. Retrieved
2596:
2590:
2579:
2569:
2557:. Retrieved
2553:the original
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2526:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2500:the original
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2467:
2434:
2430:
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2401:the original
2390:
2355:
2352:EMBO Reports
2351:
2341:
2332:
2325:. Retrieved
2321:the original
2310:
2289:
2282:. Retrieved
2258:
2250:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2199:
2192:. Retrieved
2182:
2171:
2170:
2163:. Retrieved
2132:
2125:
2116:
2109:. Retrieved
2099:
2091:
2084:. Retrieved
2077:the original
2058:
2055:
2048:. Retrieved
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2000:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1964:
1957:. Retrieved
1944:
1930:
1928:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1717:(1): 11–20.
1714:
1710:
1700:
1691:
1684:. Retrieved
1674:
1661:
1636:(1): 77–88.
1633:
1629:
1616:
1602:(2): 26–43.
1599:
1593:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1553:
1545:the original
1535:
1527:
1519:
1507:
1498:
1463:
1459:
1431:
1400:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1339:. 2019-11-13
1336:
1327:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1287:
1277:
1266:. Retrieved
1262:the original
1253:
1244:
1230:cite journal
1196:(260): 4–7.
1193:
1189:
1179:
1171:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:
1134:
1121:
1110:. Retrieved
1106:the original
1096:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1004:
1000:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:the original
973:
964:
939:
935:
929:
917:. Retrieved
912:
903:
876:
870:
857:Vistive Gold
811:
808:
803:human health
792:
744:
717:stearic acid
694:
678:
673:
641:
639:conditions.
630:
623:
610:
597:nucleic acid
594:
582:
574:South Africa
543:
521:
517:
499:
497:
486:
464:
446:
425:
403:
395:
393:
310:Gene therapy
290:Applications
263:Transduction
258:Transfection
172:
89:
63:
47:
45:lead section
3500:In research
3474:diagnostics
3344:Lipofection
3105:Arabidopsis
3007:Golden rice
2783:GMO Compass
984:2 September
919:23 February
845:legislation
793:There is a
783:Controversy
765:food safety
752:transgenics
725:desaturases
627:HB4 Soybean
510:chloroplast
437:therapeutic
433:nutritional
404:Glycine max
3712:Categories
3584:Regulation
3428:Companies
3385:Cisgenesis
3329:Biolistics
3135:Sugar beet
3048:Flavr Savr
2948:Maize/corn
2625:2021-04-12
2559:August 30,
2532:August 30,
2506:August 30,
2479:August 30,
2407:August 30,
2327:August 30,
2291:available.
2284:August 30,
2194:August 30,
2165:August 30,
2111:August 30,
2086:August 30,
2050:August 30,
2028:August 30,
1983:August 30,
1959:August 30,
1686:August 30,
1572:Publishers
1391:2022-09-22
1367:2022-09-22
1343:2022-09-22
1318:2022-05-14
1313:twasp.info
1268:2011-08-05
1112:2011-08-05
863:References
830:litigation
814:ecological
760:glyphosate
735:Regulation
713:oleic acid
701:fatty acid
685:glyphosate
650:, then in
508:(CaMV), a
478:tryptophan
456:glyphosate
439:effects."
231:Techniques
203:Regulation
163:Maize/corn
18:GM soybean
3697:Bioethics
3601:Geography
3539:Transgene
3307:Processes
3198:Enviropig
3191:Oncomouse
3130:SmartStax
3066:Bt cotton
2930:organisms
2741:CiteSeerX
1862:0738-8551
913:isaaa.org
705:oxidation
648:Argentina
603:methods.
591:Detection
580:in 1999.
564:in 1997,
560:in 1996,
558:Argentina
552:in 1995,
526:germplasm
50:summarize
3733:Monsanto
3687:Genetics
3654:Eugenics
3532:articles
3457:Syngenta
3452:Monsanto
3424:Pharming
3270:Bacteria
2966:StarLink
2928:modified
2854:cite web
2822:11576435
2771:15329669
2763:17987446
2451:27217243
2382:11463731
2239:12833088
2160:28230933
1925:26536836
1878:11786594
1870:26767435
1826:40855100
1793:21296423
1743:21546547
1711:Genetics
1650:24041244
1608:55001415
1490:19783644
1420:Archived
1409:Archived
1293:July 30,
1222:18522755
1166:July 30,
1088:16916934
1070:30050705
956:16298508
851:See also
841:protests
837:disputes
818:economic
683:and the
675:Monsanto
666:(2022).
658:(2019),
656:Paraguay
530:gene gun
512:transit
474:tyrosine
460:Monsanto
416:Monsanto
122:Bacteria
82:a series
80:Part of
3682:Biology
3659:Cloning
3638:Oceania
3530:Related
3275:viruses
3239:GloFish
3229:Insects
3173:Mammals
3164:Animals
3150:Mustard
3140:Tobacco
3110:Brinjal
3017:Soybean
2989:Amflora
2961:MON 863
2956:MON 810
2712:Bibcode
2373:1083956
2334:points.
2247:2533628
1905:Bibcode
1734:3120150
1658:9836802
1481:2773065
1213:2430717
1079:1559744
1048:Bibcode
1021:7396959
769:Romania
697:soy oil
637:drought
562:Uruguay
540:History
528:with a
514:peptide
428:genetic
400:soybean
223:Process
196:History
173:Soybean
149:Insects
139:Mammals
134:Animals
127:Viruses
3613:Africa
3608:Europe
3470:humans
3244:Salmon
3213:Rabbit
3120:Papaya
3115:Canola
3058:Cotton
3040:Tomato
2981:Potato
2820:
2769:
2761:
2743:
2691:
2616:
2459:261060
2457:
2449:
2380:
2370:
2245:
2237:
2201:foods.
2158:
2148:
2019:
1923:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1831:story.
1824:
1791:
1741:
1731:
1656:
1648:
1606:
1488:
1478:
1426:event.
1220:
1210:
1086:
1076:
1068:
1019:
954:
891:
839:, and
709:rancid
660:Canada
652:Brazil
570:Brazil
566:Mexico
550:Canada
534:Asgrow
489:enzyme
280:CRISPR
178:Potato
158:Plants
107:
3437:Bayer
3368:Types
3256:Frogs
3251:Birds
3181:Mouse
3145:Trees
3100:Apple
3093:Other
3076:Wheat
2939:Crops
2767:S2CID
2648:. US
2455:S2CID
2427:(PDF)
2278:(PDF)
2243:S2CID
2080:(PDF)
2073:(PDF)
2061:ISAAA
2005:(PDF)
1977:(PDF)
1953:(PDF)
1874:S2CID
1822:S2CID
1769:(PDF)
1654:S2CID
1626:(PDF)
1604:S2CID
1516:(PDF)
1161:AGFAX
1066:JSTOR
618:seeds
554:Japan
398:is a
275:TALEN
3618:Asia
3432:BASF
3398:Uses
3273:and
3234:Fish
3125:Rose
2999:Rice
2860:link
2818:PMID
2759:PMID
2689:ISBN
2614:ISBN
2561:2019
2534:2019
2527:Time
2508:2019
2481:2019
2447:PMID
2409:2019
2378:PMID
2329:2019
2286:2019
2235:PMID
2196:2019
2167:2019
2156:PMID
2146:ISBN
2113:2019
2088:2019
2052:2019
2030:2019
2017:ISBN
1985:2019
1961:2019
1921:PMID
1866:PMID
1858:ISSN
1789:PMID
1739:PMID
1688:2019
1646:PMID
1486:PMID
1295:2015
1236:link
1218:PMID
1168:2015
1084:PMID
1017:PMID
986:2014
952:PMID
921:2016
889:ISBN
799:risk
715:and
599:and
568:and
556:and
476:and
426:The
303:food
168:Rice
144:Fish
3472:and
3468:In
3084:HB4
2808:doi
2751:doi
2720:doi
2681:doi
2606:doi
2439:doi
2368:PMC
2360:doi
2227:doi
2138:doi
2009:doi
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