Knowledge (XXG)

GNU variants

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was discussed for a release as technology preview with Debian 7.0 Wheezy, however these plans were discarded due to the immature state of the system. However the maintainers of Debian GNU/Hurd decided to publish an unofficial release on the release date of Debian 7.0. Debian GNU/Hurd is not
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considered yet to provide the performance and stability expected from a production system. Among the open issues are incomplete implementation of Java and X.org graphical user interfaces and limited hardware driver support. About two thirds of the Debian packages have been ported to Hurd.
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executables to run unmodified on Windows, and is intended to provide web developers with the more familiar GNU userland on top of the Windows kernel. The combination has been dubbed "Linux for Windows", even though Linux (i.e. the operating system family defined by its common use of the
269:, and reflects the fact that only the kernel of the complete FreeBSD operating system is used. The operating system was officially released with Debian Squeeze (6.0) on February 6, 2011. One Debian GNU/kFreeBSD 330:, Inc initiated the project and sponsors its continued development. Nexenta OS is not considered a GNU variant, due to the use of OpenSolaris libc. Multiple Illumos distributions use GNU userland by default. 521:
Variants of the GNU operating system, which use the kernel Linux, are now widely used; though these systems are often referred to as "Linux", they are more accurately called "GNU/Linux systems".
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GNU users usually obtain their operating system by downloading GNU distributions, which are available for a wide variety of systems ranging from embedded devices (for example,
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This work is initiated and sponsored by Nexenta Systems, Inc. Technical support is available from a variety of sources, including Community and Web Forums.
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functionality for Windows, as well as a distribution of GNU and other Unix-like programs for such an ecosystem. It was first released in 1995 by
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As of 2018, the only GNU variants recommended by the GNU Project for regular use are Linux distributions committed to the
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package manager, etc). According to the GNU project and others, these also include most operating systems using the
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The term GNU/Linux or GNU+Linux is used by the FSF and its supporters to refer to an operating system where the
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kernel. No official release of this operating system was made; although work was conducted on ports for the
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is one of two official kernels developed for the GNU system, and was the exclusive official kernel before
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architectures, it has not seen active maintenance since 2002 and is no longer available for download.
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Nexenta OS is the first distribution that combines the GNU userland (with the exception of libc;
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As of September 2020, the GNU Project does not recommend or endorse any BSD operating systems.
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for evaluation purposes and installation guides for LiveCD and conventional installation.
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is an example of a Linux-using GNU variant endorsed by the FSF as a "fully free" system.
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and also of Linux. The most notable official use of this term for a distribution is
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The Cygwin project is an actively-developed compatibility layer in the form of a
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added an official compatibility layer to Windows 10 that translates Linux
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architecture. Their goal is to provide an Arch-like user environment (
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computer architectures. It is a distribution of GNU with Debian
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was an experimental port of GNU user-land applications to
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List of potential release architektures for Debian Wheezy
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(June 20, 2007). 463: 131:system with packages optimised for the 81:) and personal computers (for example, 701:"Graphical livecd - Desktop packages" 112:also became an official GNU package. 7: 1590:GNAT Modified General Public License 1440: 494: 492: 445:Free and open-source software portal 374:providing a substantial part of the 318:kernel. Nexenta OS is available for 501:"Source Code & GPL Open Source" 207:Free System Distribution Guidelines 1030:"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)" 707:, December 7, 2010, archived from 194:are the primary installed base of 14: 2054:Comparison of Linux distributions 1976:GNU Affero General Public License 1971:GNU Lesser General Public License 1580:GNU Affero General Public License 1575:GNU Lesser General Public License 756:Vervloesem, Koen (July 7, 2010). 730:"A month of the Hurd: CD images." 453:Comparison of Linux distributions 1451: 1439: 1428: 1427: 1415: 1401: 1389:Debian–Mozilla trademark dispute 1199: 437: 2075:Free software operating systems 1176:Debian Free Software Guidelines 1157:Software in the Public Interest 2038:League for Programming Freedom 1585:GNU Free Documentation License 1054:Rogoff, Zak (March 14, 2018). 786:"Free GNU/Linux distributions" 70:kernel and a few others using 50:and application software like 16:Operating systems based on GNU 1: 880:"Debian GNU/NetBSD for Alpha" 818:"Debian 6.0 Squeeze released" 213:kernel) and not the mainline 1860:GNU/Linux naming controversy 689:Debian Wiki: Debian GNU/Hurd 300:OpenSolaris (Illumos) kernel 172:GNU/Linux naming controversy 613:"Linux and the GNU Project" 394:Windows Subsystem for Linux 241:is an operating system for 2096: 1966:GNU General Public License 1558:GNU General Public License 619:. Free Software Foundation 534:"The GNU Operating System" 414:ones, the reverse of what 391: 359: 337: 303: 186:is distributed with a GNU 175: 169: 1395: 1315:Linux Mint Debian Edition 1197: 1154: 804:"Debian GNU/kFreeBSD FAQ" 196:GNU packages and programs 1997:FSF Free Software Awards 1919:Free Software Foundation 1542:History of free software 1520:Free Software Foundation 499:UG, Awesome Developers. 123:is a derivative work of 1992:Free Software Directory 265:is an abbreviation for 1181:Debian Social Contract 954:Sponsors & Support 902:"Debian GNU/*BSD News" 357: 356:running on Windows 10. 235: 167: 145:pacman package manager 102: 38:operating system (the 617:About the GNU Project 352: 230: 170:Further information: 162: 96: 2080:GNU Project software 2016:Sister organizations 792:. December 22, 2017. 766:. Hurd distributions 127:, porting it to the 2007:Defective by Design 1943:Richard M. Stallman 1877:Defective by Design 1844:Richard M. Stallman 1289:Debian GNU/kFreeBSD 1256:Scott James Remnant 1093:Debian GNU/kFreeBSD 858:"Debian GNU/NetBSD" 738:, December 31, 2010 239:Debian GNU/kFreeBSD 232:Debian GNU/kFreeBSD 1948:Gerald Jay Sussman 1809:Benjamin Mako Hill 1261:Stefano Zacchiroli 1221:Benjamin Mako Hill 1034:docs.microsoft.com 983:Illumos Foundation 639:The Debian Project 418:does. This allows 358: 253:and the kernel of 251:package management 236: 178:Linux distribution 168: 103: 2062: 2061: 2028:FSF Latin America 1885: 1884: 1829:Georg C. F. Greve 1736:GNU Privacy Guard 1563:linking exception 1467: 1466: 1328: 1327: 1294:Debian Pure Blend 1098:Debian GNU/NetBSD 838:on April 22, 2008 711:on March 14, 2012 643:"What is Debian?" 641:(July 11, 2007). 611:(June 19, 2007). 609:Stallman, Richard 563:www.outreachy.org 345:Windows NT kernel 278:Debian GNU/NetBSD 32:operating systems 24:GNU distributions 2087: 1912: 1905: 1898: 1889: 1494: 1487: 1480: 1471: 1455: 1443: 1442: 1431: 1430: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1408:Linux portal 1406: 1405: 1360:Debian-Installer 1274: 1236:Martin Michlmayr 1203: 1141: 1134: 1127: 1118: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1000: 994: 993: 991:Default Userland 979: 973: 972: 967: 965: 960:on July 11, 2007 956:. Archived from 945: 939: 938: 936: 934: 920: 914: 913: 911: 909: 898: 892: 891: 889: 887: 876: 870: 869: 867: 865: 854: 848: 847: 845: 843: 834:. 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Kuhn 1804:Alexandre Oliva 1792: 1594: 1546: 1503: 1498: 1468: 1463: 1416: 1414: 1400: 1391: 1379: 1324: 1298: 1284:Debian GNU/Hurd 1265: 1204: 1195: 1186:Project leaders 1159: 1150: 1145: 1079: 1074: 1064: 1062: 1053: 1052: 1048: 1038: 1036: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1012: 1010: 1002: 1001: 997: 987:"Distributions" 981: 980: 976: 963: 961: 947: 946: 942: 932: 930: 922: 921: 917: 907: 905: 900: 899: 895: 885: 883: 878: 877: 873: 863: 861: 856: 855: 851: 841: 839: 830: 829: 825: 816: 815: 811: 802: 801: 797: 784: 783: 779: 769: 767: 755: 754: 750: 741: 739: 728: 727: 723: 714: 712: 699: 698: 694: 687: 683: 676: 672: 665: 661: 651: 649: 637: 636: 632: 622: 620: 607: 606: 602: 592: 590: 582: 581: 577: 567: 565: 557: 556: 552: 542: 540: 532: 531: 527: 514: 512: 498: 497: 490: 480: 478: 470: 469: 465: 461: 443: 438: 436: 433: 396: 368: 360:Main articles: 347: 342: 336: 328:Nexenta Systems 326:based systems. 308: 302: 277: 276: 223: 188:system software 180: 174: 157: 114:Debian GNU/Hurd 99:Debian GNU/Hurd 91: 83:Debian GNU/Hurd 34:based upon the 30:for short) are 17: 12: 11: 5: 2093: 2091: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2067: 2066: 2060: 2059: 2057: 2056: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2041: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1988: 1986: 1985:Other projects 1982: 1981: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1962: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1900: 1892: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1862: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1824:Federico Heinz 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1790: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1726:GNU Archimedes 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1568:font exception 1565: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1537: 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Index

operating systems
GNU
Hurd
GNU C library
system libraries
GNU coreutils
bash
GNOME
Guix
Linux
BSD
LibreCMC
Debian GNU/Hurd

Debian GNU/Hurd
Hurd
Linux-libre
Debian GNU/Hurd
Arch Hurd
Arch Linux
GNU Hurd
Intel P6
BSD
init
pacman package manager
LiveCD
Screenshot of Parabola, a Linux-using GNU variant endorsed by the FSF as a "fully free" system.
Parabola
GNU/Linux naming controversy
Linux distribution

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