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Another important technology developed at the GSI is the use of heavy ion beams for cancer treatment (from 1997). Instead of using X-ray radiation, carbon ions are used to irradiate the patient. The technique allows tumors which are close to vital organs to be treated, which is not possible with
402:
of carbon ions is much sharper than the peak of X-ray photons. A facility based on this technology, called
Heidelberger Ionenstrahl-Therapiezentrum (HIT), built at the University of Heidelberg Medical Center began treating patients in November 2009.
494:
The creation of FAIR was co-signed on 7 November 2007 by 10 countries: Finland, France, Germany, India, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Sweden, United
Kingdom, and Poland. Representatives included
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and several new rings among which one that can be used for antimatter research. The major part of the facility will be commissioned in 2022; full operation is planned for 2025.
1021:
640:"Universität Heidelberg und Partner schließen mit GSI Vereinbarung über strategische Zusammenarbeit in Wissenschaft und Forschung – Pressestelle der Universität Heidelberg"
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and then SIS impinging on a production target. From this, many fragments are produced. The secondary beam is produced by magnetic selection of the ions.
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can be stored for extended periods of time with energies of 0.005 – 0.5 GeV/u. This facility provides the means to make precise measurements of their
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The UNILAC was commissioned in 1975; the SIS 18 and the ESR were added in 1990 boosting the ion acceleration from 10% of light speed to 90%.
424:, the nhelix (Nanosecond High Energy Laser for heavy Ion eXperiments) and the Phelix (Petawatt High Energy Laser for heavy Ion eXperiments).
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The laboratory performs basic and applied research in physics and related natural science disciplines. Main fields of study include
272:, the current name was given to the facility on 7 October 2008 in order to bring it sharper national and international awareness.
434:
A FRagment
Separator (FRS) – The GSI Fragment Separator or FRS is a facility built in 1990. It produces and separates different
535:
223:), abbreviated GSI, to conduct research on and with heavy-ion accelerators. It is the only major user research center in the
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Atanasov, Dinko; et al. (2015). "Between atomic and nuclear physics: radioactive decays of highly-charged ions".
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595:"Pressemitteilung des GSI Helmholtzzentrums fĂĽr Schwerionenforschung vom 20. Oktober 2008"
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614:"GSI und TU Darmstadt setzen ihre wissenschaftliche Partnerschaft fort – Echo Online"
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The GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion
Research has strategic partnerships with the
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219:, Germany. It was founded in 1969 as the Society for Heavy Ion Research (German:
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487:: one new synchrotron (with respective magnetic rigidity 100 Tâ‹…m), a
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In the years to come, GSI will evolve to an international structure named
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modes. The discovery of a mysterious new phenomenon is known as the
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An
Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) in which large numbers of
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Journal of
Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
718:"Wanted: Suitable name for unstable, heavyweight element"
445:. The process is made from a stable beam accelerated by
310:, the Universal Linear Accelerator (energy of 2 – 11.4
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664:
Darmstadt, Technische
Universität (18 December 2015).
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ESR, the experimental storage ring (0.005 – 0.5 GeV/u)
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GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion
Research (Hesse)
246:and medical research. The lab is a member of the
321:SIS 18 (Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron), the heavy-ion
764:. Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT). 2009
248:Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
498:, the German federal minister of science and
194:GSI Helmholtzzentrum fĂĽr Schwerionenforschung
28:GSI Helmholtzzentrum fĂĽr Schwerionenforschung
8:
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190:GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
22:GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
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34:
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398:X-rays. This is due to the fact that the
485:Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
289:Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
1076:Research institutes established in 1969
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407:Facilities other than UNILAC and SIS-18
692:"One facility, thousand possibilities"
1061:Buildings and structures in Darmstadt
746:. GSI Darmstadt. 2016. Archived from
502:, the prime minister of the state of
221:Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schwerionenforschung
196:) is a federally and state co-funded
49:GSI main entrance, Darmstadt, Germany
7:
1081:1969 establishments in West Germany
285:Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
574:"Management Board of FAIR and GSI"
14:
846:"The Heavy Ion Storage Ring ESR"
670:Technische Universität Darmstadt
299:The chief tool is the heavy ion
277:Technische Universität Darmstadt
148:Administrative Managing Director
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88:
67:
60:
666:"Kooperation mit neuer Energie"
427:A Large Area Neutron Detector (
240:nuclear structure and reactions
1071:Research institutes in Germany
893:10.1088/0953-4075/48/14/144024
1:
1086:Organisations based in Hesse
977:. FAIR. 2013. Archived from
925:. FAIR. 2013. Archived from
342:Elements discovered at GSI:
158:Scientific Managing Director
1066:Nuclear research institutes
744:"Discovery of new elements"
694:. GSI. 2014. Archived from
369:Elements confirmed at GSI:
281:Goethe University Frankfurt
168:Technical Managing Director
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393:Technological developments
415:Part of the ESR facility.
258:German Federal Government
211:) research center in the
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16:German research institute
975:"FAIR partner countries"
303:facility consisting of:
27:
806:"PHELIX laser facility"
335:FRS Fragment Separator.
76:Location within Germany
612:GmbH, Echo Zeitungen.
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220:
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951:. GSI. Archived from
848:. GSI. Archived from
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270:Helmholtz Association
268:. As a member of the
1037:49.93139°N 8.67917°E
834:on 11 February 2012.
794:on 19 February 2012.
266:Rhineland-Palatinate
1033: /
981:on 22 December 2014
955:on 2 September 2017
929:on 22 December 2014
885:2015JPhB...48n4024A
750:on 29 January 2016.
698:on 22 December 2014
546:ISIS neutron source
152:Katharina Stummeyer
79:Show map of Germany
23:
852:on 1 February 2017
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1042:49.93139; 8.67917
644:uni-heidelberg.de
601:on 15 March 2010.
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107:Show map of Hesse
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812:. 29 March 2012.
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790:. Archived from
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762:"History of HIT"
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597:. Archived from
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475:Future evolution
420:Two high-energy
295:Primary research
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998:External links
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949:"Accelerators"
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923:"Accelerators"
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879:(14): 144024.
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262:State of Hesse
260:(90%) and the
236:atomic physics
232:plasma physics
225:State of Hesse
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983:. Retrieved
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854:. Retrieved
850:the original
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766:. Retrieved
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748:the original
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722:The Guardian
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696:the original
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622:. Retrieved
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599:the original
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577:. Retrieved
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385:(2010), and
368:
362:(1994), and
356:darmstadtium
341:
338:
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254:Shareholders
252:
229:
189:
187:
133:Headquarters
117:Abbreviation
18:
1040: /
985:22 December
959:6 September
933:22 December
856:19 February
768:22 December
728:22 December
702:22 December
672:(in German)
620:(in German)
500:Roland Koch
468:GSI anomaly
457:radioactive
440:radioactive
383:livermorium
364:copernicium
360:roentgenium
325:(0.010 – 2
323:synchrotron
301:accelerator
205: [
1055:Categories
1025:49°55′53″N
557:References
400:Bragg peak
387:tennessine
348:meitnerium
244:biophysics
242:research,
215:suburb of
1028:8°40′45″E
909:120111482
901:0953-4075
489:Super-FRS
379:moscovium
375:flerovium
217:Darmstadt
213:Wixhausen
202:Schwerion
198:heavy ion
192:(German:
142:, Germany
140:Darmstadt
125:Formation
784:"nhelix"
510:See also
389:(2012).
381:(2012),
377:(2009),
373:(2012),
371:nihonium
366:(1996).
358:(1994),
354:(1984),
350:(1982),
346:(1981),
287:and the
256:are the
881:Bibcode
676:30 July
649:30 July
624:30 July
579:26 July
352:hassium
344:bohrium
316:nucleon
177:Website
907:
899:
824:"LAND"
724:. 2009
447:UNILAC
422:lasers
308:UNILAC
181:gsi.de
138:64291
905:S2CID
521:Riken
516:GANIL
504:Hesse
464:decay
436:beams
209:]
1014:FAIR
987:2014
961:2016
935:2014
897:ISSN
858:2017
770:2014
730:2014
704:2014
678:2019
651:2019
626:2019
581:2024
551:RAON
541:NSCL
536:FRIB
531:CERN
526:JINR
483:for
481:FAIR
460:ions
443:ions
429:LAND
314:per
188:The
128:1969
1009:GSI
1004:HGF
889:doi
828:GSI
810:GSI
788:GSI
329:/u)
327:GeV
312:MeV
162:N/N
120:GSI
1057::
903:.
895:.
887:.
877:48
875:.
826:.
808:.
786:.
720:.
668:.
642:.
616:.
565:^
506:.
431:).
291:.
283:,
279:,
250:.
238:,
234:,
227:.
207:de
989:.
963:.
937:.
911:.
891::
883::
860:.
772:.
732:.
706:.
680:.
653:.
628:.
583:.
470:.
318:)
200:(
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