375:
343:, to attack Armenia from the east. King Gagik II, however, managed to placate Abu'l-Aswar by sending him gifts. This allowed Gagik to concentrate his forces against the Byzantines, eventually forcing them to flee. Gagik II proved his worth for the throne and the reputation of a fighting king, which had passed on to him from the very first kings in the Bagratuni dynasty. The Byzantines soon realized that if Armenia could not be conquered by force, it could be taken by treachery. Gagik pardoned Vest Sargis, whose loyalties, however, remained with Byzantium, fostering the hope of being appointed as king of Armenia if Byzantium was to conquer Armenia. With the assistance of Vest Sargis, the Byzantine emperor invited Gagik II to
35:
439:
is said the Bishop had a dog named Armen, so as to scorn the
Armenians. One day, Gagik visited the bishop, had the dog put in a canvas bag and beat with sticks. He then had the Bishop seized and placed in the same bag with the dog, now maddened by pain. The bishop died in pain from the wounds inflicted by his own dog. Gagik was captured and later killed on May 5/November 24, 1079 by the Byzantine governors (three brothers) of
335:. Gagik II offered to be a vassal of the emperor, but the Byzantines did not accept it and prepared a new expedition entrusted to the Duke of Iberia, Michael Iasites, but he failed in the face of Armenian resistance. Emperor Constantine wished to continue the policy of his predecessors and therefore sent an army to conquer Armenia, whilst inciting the Kurdish emir of
319:, formerly under the protection of the Byzantine Empire where the population had been deserted by the imperial army, the people eagerly anticipated the Armenian king would be driving the Seljuq Turks out of their homeland. Under leadership of Gagik II, known for his courage as "the Lion," the Armenians revolted and the Turks were forced to retreat to Khoy and
286:. After this the kingdom of Ani resisted three assaults of the Byzantine Empire, forcing them to retreat. Byzantium exerted its forces to the utmost in order to conquer Armenia and once and for all annexing it to the empire. To this end, they sent a great army to the southern part of Armenia and at the same time convinced the king of
315:, where the king and his commander split the Armenian army into two units. The first division engaged in a battle with the Seljuq Turks and then pretended to retreat, drawing the Turks in pursuit toward the second army that was lying in ambush. The battle ended with a catastrophic defeat for the Seljuq Turks. In the Kingdom of
438:
The
Metropolitan of Caesarea, named Markos, lost no occasion to express his scorn toward Gagik, whom he considered a heretic. After several insults by Markos directed against him, Gagik eventually murdered the bishop, an act that made Gagik even more unpopular among the locals. As the story goes, it
347:
to sign an allegedly permanent peace-treaty. Gagik II was invited to visit
Constantinople. There the emperor demanded that the Armenian king abdicate and hand over the throne to him, and as he refused to do so was thrown into jail. The Byzantines promptly sent an army to Armenia, which was now
290:
to attack Ani from the east. At the fierce battle that was fought by the walls of Ani, general Vahram
Pahlavuni heavily defeated the Byzantine army, forcing them to leave 20,000 dead behind, according to contemporary Armenian chroniclers. This victory allowed Vahram Pahlavuni along with
371:. The patriarch Petros did not approve of any of the three candidates and finally conceded the delivery to the Byzantines of the city of Ani and other fortresses. With his connivance, the Byzantines were finally able to occupy Ani in 1045. The country was incorporated into the empire.
443:, who had his body mutilated and hanged from the fort for others to see. His body was later buried outside the fort but was later said to have been secretly conveyed by an Armenian from Ani named Banik to a convent he had built in a city called Pizu.
386:
Despite not having been considered for the position, Gagik-Abas of Kars claimed the position of king of all of
Armenia following Gagik's abdication. Twenty years later in 1065, Gagik-Abas also abdicated and ceded his lands to the Byzantine Empire.
263:, one of the successors of Basil II, was the emperor cornering Armenia. Michael claimed that the Kingdom of Ani by virtue of the will of Hovhannes-Smbat, was bequeathed to the Byzantine Empire upon his death.
374:
295:
Petros I Getadardz to crown Gagik II king of
Armenia and subsequently take the fortress of Ani, which was in the hands of Vest Sargis. Sargis fled to the fortress of St. Mary and was eventually captured.
807:, eds. Richard G. Hovannisian and Simon Payaslian. UCLA Armenian History and Culture Series: Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces, 7. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, pp. 85-87.
644:, Proceedings of the Third International SEECHAC Colloquium, 25-27 Nov. 2013, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna (Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2017), pp. 227-54.
276:, prepared the coronation of the successor to Hovhannes-Smbat, the king's nephew, Gagik II, who at that time was only fourteen years old, the Byzantine emperor began supporting
483:
the death of king Gagik II was avenged by the
Armenian forces who took the fortress of Kyzistra and executed the three Byzantines who had killed the last Armenian King of Ani.
467:
and his body brought to Pizu. Hovhannes did not survive his son by long, at which time the posterity of the senior male
Bagratian line of kings of Armenia was extinct.
435:, Gagik also took part in a theological debate between him and the Byzantine emperor in Constantinople, defending the Armenian Church and its tradition and rites.
455:, for suspected treachery. Gagik tried in vain to negotiate his son's release with Ablgharib who was the Byzantine-appointed Orthodox Armenian governor of
903:
1031:
255:
This policy of occupation and expansion was also pursued by the successors of Basil II. By the death of
Hovhannes-Smbat around 1040 and that of
1595:
642:
Interactions in the
Himalayas and Central Asia: Processes of Transfer, Translation, and Transformation in Art, Archaeology, Religion and Polity
1590:
742:
Manuk-Khaloyan, Armen, "In the Cemetery of their Ancestors: The Royal Burial Tombs of the Bagratuni Kings of Greater Armenia (890-1073/79),"
665:
303:, who were still intent on conquering the kingdom. In the following two years Gagik reinforced the army and fought against Seljuq hordes.
1585:
744:
1382:
767:
423:
in Constantinople and a pension from the imperial treasury. Several seals testify "Kakikios Aniotes" (Gagik of Ani) as duke of the
1370:
1514:
682:
The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the eleventh through the Fifteenth Century
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1424:
1364:
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287:
282:
Sargis Haykazn, a pro-Byzantine Armenian prince and minister of the former king, who had initially been appointed
1537:
1446:
912:
696:
Seibt, Werner, "War Gagik II. von Grossarmenien ca. 1072-1073 megas douk Charsianos," in John S. Langdon, (ed.),
332:
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After this victory, the new Armenian king, together with Vahram, turned toward their second enemy, the
549:
Garsoïan, Nina G. "The Byzantine Annexation of the Armenian Kingdoms in the Eleventh Century," in ed.
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A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus
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during his battles against the Muslims, gained a large area which stretched all the way to
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67:
49:
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344:
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311:. The Armenian army hurried to confront the enemy at the location of the present-day
81:
1076:
1017:
803:(2008). "The Founding and Coalescence of the Rubenian Principality, 1073-1129," in
495:, Bagrat Ayvaziants' novel which chronicles the fall of Ani and the Bagratid line.
359:
or to the emir of Dvin, Abu'l-Aswar, married to the sister of David Anhoghin. Even
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351:
In lieu of its rightful king, Armenians considered offering the throne of Ani to
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944:
725:
Macler, Frédéric. "Armenia: The Kingdom of the Bagratides" in John Bury, (ed.),
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627:, trans. Nina G. Garsoïan. Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, pp. 102-03.
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252:, who had resumed the policy of, bit by bit, annexing Armenia to his empire.
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was consecrated in 1065. Gagik was also granted the use of a palace on the
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Royal enthronement scene from the frontispiece of a gospel commissioned by
610:, ed. Jonathan Shepard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 362-64.
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Bedrosian, Robert. "Armenian during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods," in
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Gagik's son David was imprisoned then poisoned by his father-in-law,
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463:. His other son, Hovhannes, had a son Ashot who was poisoned by a
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et al. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 149-52.
524:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Encyclopedia. pp. 342–344.
308:
237:
885:
606:
Greenwood, Tim W. (2008), "Armenian Neighbours (600-1045)," in
395:
Gagik received as compensation for his kingdom the district of
39:
Gagik submits to Constantine IX Monomachus. Miniature from the
559:
The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
217:
517:; Vardanian, Vrezh; Khalpakhchian, Hovhannes (1979). "Kars".
700:(New Rochelle, NY: Artistide D. Caratzas, 1997), pp. 159-68.
684:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971), pp. 54-55.
712:
Gouillard, J., "Gagik II défenseur de la foi arménienne,"
608:
The Cambridge History of The Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492
331:
Vahram began negotiations with the new Byzantine emperor
539:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 528–529.
363:
was considered but surprisingly not the Bagratuni King
248:
and when he died his entire territory was occupied by
660:. London, Thames & Hudson. p. 204, item 55.
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in 1064. it was in Tzamandos that the new catholicos
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208:; c. 1025 - May 5/November 24, 1079) was the last
762:. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press. p. 3.
698:To Hellenikon: Studies in Honor of Speros Vryonis
561:(New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997), pp. 192-93.
733:(Cambridge: The University Press, 1927), p. 166.
595:The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times
576:(1976), "Bagratunyants tagavorutyan ankume," in
555:The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times
790:(in Armenian). Vol. 1. p. col. 1460.
24:
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8:
307:nephew of Vahram, defended the fortress of
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431:. During his time in exile, according to
537:A History of Byzantine State and Society
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399:in Asia Minor as well as the lands in
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625:The Arab Emirates in Bagratid Armenia
7:
731:The Eastern Roman Empire (717-1453)
640:," in Eva Allinger et al, (eds.),
14:
654:Der Nersessian, Sirarpie (1969).
491:Gagik appears as a character in
760:The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia
727:The Cambridge Medieval History
1:
1596:11th-century monarchs in Asia
680:See Vryonis, Speros (1971),
232:(John-Smbat), a feudal lord,
102:
1591:11th-century Armenian people
745:Revue des Études Arméniennes
520:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
873:as King in other provinces
748:35 (2013): pp. 152-53, 156.
481:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
417:Gregory II the Martyrophile
382:, ruler of Kars circa 1050.
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535:Treadgold, Warren (1997).
1586:Kings of Bagratid Armenia
1347:1080–1198 (principality)
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333:Constantine IX Monomachus
244:. David was a subject of
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758:Boase, T. S. R. (1978).
578:Hay Zhoghovrdi Patmutyun
115:May 5/November 24, 1079
852:annexation of Armenia
551:Richard G. Hovannisian
383:
377:
224:Historical background
1421:(prince, later king)
475:During the reign of
361:Bagrat IV of Georgia
228:During the reign of
1349:1198–1375 (kingdom)
1324:Hovhannes-Smbat III
714:Travaux et Memoires
621:Aram Ter-Ghevondyan
411:in the vicinity of
220:from 1042 to 1045.
1205:Tiridates III (IV)
862:Title last held by
820:Title last held by
716:7 (1979): 399-418.
453:Ablgharib Artsruni
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327:Deceit of Gagik II
266:When the Armenian
190:Armenian Apostolic
155:Gagik II Bagratuni
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667:978-0-500-02066-1
636:Finbarr, Barry, "
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884:
875:
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868:
867:
860:
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845:
844:
840:
833:
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826:
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797:
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789:
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771:
769:0-7073-0145-9
765:
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747:
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739:
736:
732:
728:
722:
719:
715:
706:
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690:
687:
683:
677:
674:
669:
663:
659:
658:
657:The Armenians
650:
647:
643:
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633:
630:
626:
622:
616:
613:
609:
603:
600:
596:
590:
587:
583:
579:
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571:(in Armenian)
567:
564:
560:
556:
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531:
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508:
504:
498:
496:
494:
486:
484:
482:
478:
470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
447:Personal life
446:
444:
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436:
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430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
390:
388:
381:
376:
372:
370:
366:
365:Gagik-Abas II
362:
358:
354:
349:
346:
342:
338:
334:
326:
324:
322:
318:
314:
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306:
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138:
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97:
93:
87:
83:
82:Gagik-Abas II
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
42:
36:
31:
20:
1333:
1180:Tiridates II
1170:Vologases II
1077:Artaxias III
1057:Ariobarzanes
1050:Non-dynastic
1018:Tigranes III
993:Artavasdes I
872:
871:
864:
858:
848:
837:
830:
829:
822:
816:
804:
796:
787:
778:
759:
753:
743:
738:
730:
726:
721:
713:
705:
697:
689:
681:
676:
656:
649:
641:
632:
624:
615:
607:
602:
594:
589:
577:
566:
558:
554:
545:
536:
530:
518:
493:Ani Betrayed
492:
490:
474:
450:
437:
394:
385:
350:
348:leaderless.
330:
301:Seljuq Turks
298:
277:
267:
265:
254:
236:, who owned
227:
216:, ruling in
212:king of the
197:
196:
77:
1265:Artaxias IV
1210:Khosrov III
1150:Vologases I
1130:Tiridates I
1112:Tigranes VI
1107:Tiridates I
1102:Rhadamistus
1097:Mithridates
1087:Mithridates
1037:Tigranes IV
1023:Tigranes IV
1013:Artaxias II
1003:Tigranes II
945:Orontes III
710:(in French)
694:(in German)
403:, Larissa,
391:Exile years
341:Abu'l-Aswar
106: 1025
64:Predecessor
1575:Categories
1419:Leo II (I)
1413:Roupen III
1250:Vramshapuh
1245:Khosrov IV
1235:Arshak III
1195:Khosrov II
1067:Tigranes V
998:Tigranes I
988:Artaxias I
970:Orontes IV
960:Arsames II
940:Orontes II
924:336 BC–428
729:, vol. 4:
557:, vol. 1:
499:References
487:In fiction
429:Charsianon
380:Gagik-Abas
317:Vaspurakan
313:Lake Sevan
293:Catholicos
89:(claimant)
1482:Hethum II
1467:Hethum II
1457:Hethum II
1439:Hethumids
1401:Roupen II
1395:Thoros II
1309:Ashot III
1279:Bagratids
1255:Khosrov V
1220:Arshak II
1175:Khosrov I
980:Artaxiads
921:Antiquity
850:Byzantine
788:Azgapatum
597:, p. 245.
553:, (ed.),
471:Aftermath
421:Bosphorus
401:Tzamandos
261:Michael V
246:Byzantium
242:Manzikert
170:Bagratuni
141:Hovhannes
74:Successor
59:1042–1045
22:Gagik II
1548:Lusignan
1507:Lusignan
1472:Smbat IV
1447:Hethum I
1425:Isabella
1415:(prince)
1409:(prince)
1403:(prince)
1397:(prince)
1391:(prince)
1385:(prince)
1379:(prince)
1377:Thoros I
1373:(prince)
1367:(prince)
1365:Roupen I
1357:Rubenids
1334:Gagik II
1329:Ashot IV
1314:Smbat II
1299:Ashot II
1282:884–1045
1230:Varazdat
1165:Sohaemus
1155:Sohaemus
1140:Axidares
1135:Sanatruk
1122:Arsacids
1082:Arshak I
932:Orontids
866:Ashot IV
623:(1976),
522:Volume 5
477:Thoros I
461:Mamistra
441:Kyzistra
413:Caesarea
397:Lycandus
269:sparapet
257:Ashot IV
250:Basil II
210:Armenian
202:Armenian
198:Gagik II
186:Religion
180:Ashot IV
1487:Leo III
1344:Cilicia
1319:Gagik I
1294:Smbat I
1289:Ashot I
1072:Vonones
955:Arsames
580:, eds.
479:of the
405:Amaseia
206:Գագիկ Բ
165:Dynasty
26:Գագիկ Բ
1525:Neghir
1497:Leo IV
1462:Thoros
1452:Leo II
1429:Philip
1427:&
1304:Abas I
1260:Shapur
1190:Narseh
1092:Orodes
1039:&
1025:&
965:Xerxes
859:Vacant
817:Vacant
766:
664:
465:eunuch
457:Tarsus
409:Comana
321:Salmas
284:regent
279:vestes
176:Father
139:David
124:Burial
1556:Leo V
1492:Oshin
1389:Leo I
1215:Tiran
1041:Erato
1027:Erato
950:Sames
425:thema
234:David
150:Names
135:Issue
56:Reign
1407:Mleh
839:King
764:ISBN
662:ISBN
619:See
459:and
407:and
369:Kars
357:Lori
337:Dvin
309:Bjni
238:Taik
128:Pizu
112:Died
99:Born
86:Kars
1225:Pap
841:of
427:of
367:of
355:of
218:Ani
84:of
1577::
786:.
506:^
339:,
323:.
272:,
204::
103:c.
905:e
898:t
891:v
772:.
670:.
200:(
43:.
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