695:, and the same year he set up a meat biscuit factory in Galveston. Entering middle-age with assets equivalent to $ 3,100,000 in 2019, he put these at risk for his newest invention. However, his desired market were military organizations, domestic or foreign, which required easily transported food that did not spoil easily. He prepared promotional materials and arranged for product trials, and demonstrated the preparation of meat biscuits at cooking facilities for hospitals and ships. He invested equivalent to $ 1,800,000 in 2019, yet none of these large institutional customers materialized. Not only did people complain about the taste and texture, but the U.S. Army concluded that the meat biscuits failed to slake hunger and even made people ill. In 1852, Borden filed for bankruptcy protection.
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avenues, according to the alphabet and in ascending order. Avenue A was the first avenue on the bay side, and this sequence continued through Avenue Q, running parallel to the Gulf of Mexico. Intersecting the avenues were numbered streets, starting with Eighth Street and continuing through Fifty-Eighth Street, which formed the western edge of the property owned by the
Galveston City Company. In addition to surveying, he also he served the Galveston Town Company for 12 years as a secretary and agent. During that period, he helped sell 2,500 lots of land, for a total of $ 1,500,000.
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770:, a financier from New York, on a train. Milbank was impressed by Borden's enthusiasm for and confidence in condensed milk, and the two became equal partners. Together, they founded the New York Condensed Milk Company. As a railroad magnate and banker, Milbank understood large-scale finance, which was critical to development of the business and Borden's success. Milbank invested around $ 100,000 into Borden's business. When Milbank died in 1884, the market value of his holdings was estimated at $ 8,000,000.
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347:(November 9, 1801 – January 11, 1874) was an American inventor and manufacturing pioneer. He was born in New York state and settled in Texas in 1829 (then part of Mexico), where he worked as a land surveyor, newspaper publisher, and food company entrepreneur. He created a process in 1853 to make sweetened
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When a shortage of funds came to light, Roberts offered to put up several personal houses and nine slaves as collateral until the matter could be settled. Two resentful desk clerks were later determined to have been embezzling funds. Roberts was replaced in
December 1839, when Lamar appointed another
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As the Civil War continued, he expanded his New York
Condensed Milk Company quickly to meet the growing demand. Many new factories were built and he granted licenses (for pay) to individuals to begin producing condensed milk in their own factories, using Borden's patent. Despite the quick growth of
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With the founding of the New York
Condensed Milk Company, sales of Borden's condensed milk began to improve. The outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 soon after created a large demand for condensed milk from the Union Army. Officers purchased several hundred pounds of milk for their soldiers. In 1861,
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Borden and his family left
Mississippi in 1829 and moved to Texas, where his father and brother John had settled. (His mother had died the previous year.) His brother Thomas also settled in Texas. As a surveyor, Borden plotted the towns of Houston and Galveston. He collaborated on drawing the first
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Borden's process for making sweetened condensed milk enabled the dairy product to be transported and stored without refrigeration, and for longer periods than fresh milk. After returning to the New York area to market another product, he set up factories for condensed milk in
Connecticut, and later
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Borden assisted in the original survey of
Galveston. Working for the Galveston City Company, the surveying team laid out the east end of the island in a gridiron pattern, similar to major cities on the east coast of the US. Streets running the length of the island, from west to east, were named as
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of Purdue university gives the following interesting history of condensed milk: This year marks the 50th anniversary of the invention of the manufacture of condensed milk by Gail Borden. The first factory in the world was erected, completed, and operated by Gail Borden in
Connecticut in 1856. The
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The New York
Condensed Milk Company changed its name in 1899, to honor Borden. It continued to be a strong corporation. By the 1940s, the Borden Company employed 28,000 people and had a stock holding partnership of 50,000. It dealt with more varied products, ranging from fresh and condensed milk,
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describes the Borden newspaper as "an invaluable repository of public documents during this critical period of the state's history". The early format of the paper was three columns to a page with a total of eight pages. The
Telegraph printed official documents and announcements, editorials, local
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In 1856, after three years of refining his model, Borden received the patent for his process of condensing milk by vacuum. He abandoned the meat biscuit, to focus on his new product. Borden was forced to recruit financial partners to begin production and marketing of this new product. He offered
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Throughout Borden's business success, he maintained an eye toward the scientific community. He published reports filled with testimonials of "impartial" scientists who observed and tested his inventions, including the meat biscuit and condensed milk. Borden coupled ambition for success with an
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In 1851, during Borden's return voyage from the London exhibition, a disease infected both cows aboard the ship. (Ships carried livestock to supply passenger and crew needs during a voyage.) The cows eventually died, as did several children who drank the contaminated milk. Contamination often
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on September 5, 1844. Frequent epidemics had swept through the nation, and the disease had a high rate of fatalities during the 19th century. Borden began experimenting with finding a cure to the disease via refrigeration. No one understood how it was transmitted. He also experimented with an
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In February 1835, Gail and his brother John entered into partnership with Joseph Baker to publish one of the first newspapers in Texas. Although none of the three had any previous printing experience, Baker was considered "one of the best informed men in the Texian colony on the Texas-Mexican
818:, he patented the condensing of juice from fruits, such as apples and grapes. Borden tried to incorporate these other products into the line of the New York Condensed Milk Company, but the greatest demand was always for milk. It continued as the company's major product.
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appointed Borden as the Republic of Texas Collector of Customs at Galveston in June 1837. He was popular and performed his job well, raising half of the government income during this period through his collection on importations. Houston's successor to the presidency,
803:. This was the largest and most advanced milk factory of its day, and was Borden's first commercially successful plant. Over 200 dairy farmers supplied 20,000 gallons (76,000 liters) of milk daily to the Brewster plant as demand increased driven by the
634:, Dr. Willis Roberts, newly arrived in Texas. Roberts' son later was appointed Secretary of State of the Republic. Lamar was said to have known Roberts for 25 years. However, Borden had been so well liked, the newcomer was resented. The
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casein, animal feeds, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins, to soybean creations. A version of the company continues today. Now called Eagle Brand, the company's website cites its origins in 1856 with the opening of Borden's first factory.
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In 1849, Borden started experimenting with beef processing. He developed a dehydrated beef product known as the "meat biscuit", which was loosely based upon a traditional Native American processed dried food known as
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Borden persuaded his former partners and a third investor, Reuel Williams, to build a new factory. It opened in 1857 in Burrville, Connecticut (also within modern-day Torrington). This second factory was hurt by the
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beginning was small, the process crude, and the product imperfect, and it was not until the strenuous years of the war of secession that its value and usefulness as a commodity became fully recognized.
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Thomas Green three-eighths of his patent rights, and gave James Bridge a quarter interest on his investment; together, the three men built a condensery in Wolcottville, Connecticut (within modern-day
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To ensure against disease, Borden established strict sanitary requirements (the "Dairyman's Ten Commandments") for farmers who wanted to sell him raw milk; they were required to wash the cows'
935:, purchased and donated the Scofield Mansion at 50 N. Spring Street to house a new library for the residents of Elgin. Samuel and Alfred's only request was that the library be called the
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After Houston was re-elected to the presidency, he reappointed Borden to the post. The publisher served December 1841 to April 1843. He finally resigned after a dispute with Houston.
747:), which opened in 1856. Green and Bridge were eager for profits, and when the factory was not immediately successful, they withdrew their support. The factory closed within a year.
687:. Pioneers seeking gold in California needed a readily transportable food that could endure harsh conditions, and Borden sold some of his meat biscuits to miners. Notably, explorer
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designed to travel over land and sea, but designed more specifically for the western prairies. He abandoned the invention after a test run resulted in ejecting its riders into the
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Borden closed the factory in Burrville, opening the first of what would be many condensed milk factories in upstate New York and Illinois, which were centers of dairy farming.
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the company, Borden continued to emphasize strict sanitation. He developed cleanliness practices that continue to be used in the production of condensed milk to this day.
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was soon the only newspaper in Texas still operating. Their 21st issue was published on March 24. This contained the first list of names of Texans who died at the
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from the Fall River murders. Sir Robert, Lizzie, and Gail Borden (founder) are fourth cousins, all descended from John Borden (b. 1640), the son of Richard from
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1975:
Kökény, Andrea (Summer 2004), "The Construction of Anglo-American Identity in the Republic of Texas, as Reflected in the "Telegraph and Texas Register"",
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While this rapid growth was occurring, Borden continued to experiment with condensing meat, tea, coffee, and cocoa. In 1862 while operating a factory in
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The newspaper was in financial difficulty, as the Bordens rarely paid their bills. In March 1837, Thomas Borden sold his interest in the enterprise to
532:. On March 27, the Texas Army reached San Felipe, carrying word that the Mexican advance guard was approaching. According to a later editorial in the
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The Borden Company established the Borden Award in 1937 and inaugurated it in 1938. The award, given annually, consists of a gold medal and $ 1,000.
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1652:, February 1850. 9148017. YA Pamphlet Collection. Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Accessed September 8, 2014. Introduction and 1; Borden.
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in 1814). There, he learned the art of surveying while aiding his father in the surveying of what would become Covington. Borden also moved to
383:, on November 9, 1801, to Gail Borden Sr. (1777–1863), and Philadelphia (née Wheeler) Borden (1780–1828). The family moved to Kennedy's Ferry,
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544:. On April 14, as they were in the process of printing a new issue, Mexican soldiers arrived and seized the press. The soldiers threw the
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before milking, keep barns swept clean, and scald and dry their strainers morning and night. By 1858, Borden's condensed milk, sold as
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instead chose the new city of Houston. Borden relocated to Houston, and published the first Houston issue of his paper on May 2, 1837.
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purchased several hundred pounds of meat biscuits for his Arctic expedition. The product won Borden the Great Council Medal at the
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Lacking funds to replace his equipment, Borden mortgaged his land to buy a new printing press in Cincinnati. The 23rd issue of the
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threatened other supplies of milk across the country. Borden became interested in developing a way to preserve milk.
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it. His first two factories established to manufacture it failed. With his third factory, built with new partner
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467:, which was centrally located among the colonies in eastern Texas. They ran the first issue under the banner of
429:, where he surveyed and raised stock. After a short time, he took over as chief surveyor for Stephen F. Austin.
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2090:– a collection of Borden's patents and nineteenth-century articles and book excerpts on his life and products.
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After initially landing in Texas at Galveston Island at the end of 1829, Borden settled in what is currently
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590:, who took over as chief editor. Three months later, Gail Borden transferred his shares to Jacob W. Cruger.
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1387:"The Shakers as America's Pharmacists in the 19th Century – The Andrews Shaker Collection – Skinner Inc"
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newspaper published through the partnership of Gail Borden Jr., his brother John, and Joseph Baker in
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and had trouble turning a profit. The following year, Borden's fortunes began to change after he met
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and brought it with them as they evacuated with the rear guard on March 30. The Bordens retreated to
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Drinks and Dishes—Wholesome and Delicious for the Sick and Convalescing, Also for General Family Use
1658:. New York, NY: J.H. Brower & Co., 1851. Accessed September 8, 2014.; and Bishop, John Leander.
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1664:. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: Edward Young & Co., 1868. Accessed September 8, 2014., 544-546.
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In the 1840s, he began to experiment with disease cures and mechanics. His wife Penelope died of
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for seven years, working as the county surveyor and as a schoolteacher in Bates and Zion Hill.
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Borden's gravestone epitath is "I tried and failed, I tried again and again, and succeeded".
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954:(1854–1937), Canada's Prime Minister during World War I. One of his great-grandchildren was
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U.S. Patent RE2103 "Vacuum Pan" for Improvements in Condensing Milk issued November 14, 1865
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1724:"Borden Family in America – Descendents of Richard Borden – Emigrant from Headcorn in 1635"
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in 1816. Borden received his only formal schooling in Indiana during 1816 and 1817.
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on August 2, 1836. Although many had expected Columbia to be the new capital, the
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Around this same time, Borden married his third wife, Emeline Eunice Eno Church.
536:, the publishers were "the last to consent to move". The Bordens dismantled the
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Tracks that Speak: The Legacy of Native American Words in North American Culture
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was supposedly inspired by Gail Borden Jr. while he was in the service of the
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news, reprints of articles from other newspapers, poetry, and advertisements.
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220:, schoolteacher, newspaper owner, soldier, politician, inventor, businessman
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Supposedly, during the war, Gail Borden Jr. helped to design the Baker's
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In 1892, Samuel and Alfred Church, stepsons of Borden, and residents of
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Soon after the newspaper began publishing, John Borden left to join the
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amphibious vehicle that he called a "terraqueous machine." This was a
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in New York and Illinois. Demand by the Union Army was high during the
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American inventor, surveyor, and publisher, inventor of condensed milk
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and arrested the Bordens. The Texas Revolution ended days later.
2018:(3), Texas State Historical Association: 173–193, archived from
1913:
Frantz, Joe B. (December 1948). "Gail Borden as a Businessman".
1896:(2). Texas State Historical Association: 130–143. Archived from
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Gwinn, David Marshall. "Four Hundred Years of Milk in America."
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In 1822, Borden and his brother Thomas left home and settled in
19:
This article is about the inventor. For U.S. figure skater, see
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758:, had gained a reputation for purity, durability, and economy.
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Mexican government, Republic of Texas government, self-employed
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1465:
The Shaker Legacy: Perspectives on an Enduring Furniture Style
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31, no. 4 (October 1950): 448-62. Accessed September 8, 2014.
1015:. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association
25:
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2097:", Eagle Family Foods-Eagle Brand, accessed August 4, 2016.
1650:"Preparation of a New Article of Food, Termed Meat Biscuit"
781:
Condensed Milk from an 1898 guidebook for travelers in the
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Becksvoort, Christian; Sheldon, John (September 1, 1998).
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and herbs. He learned to reduce milk without scorching or
367:. His New York Condensed Milk Company changed its name to
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Gail Borden Sr. (father) and Philadelphia Wheeler (mother)
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1082:"Gail Borden – Philanthropist, Businessman and Inventor"
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frequently criticized the new regime about malfeasance.
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The Meat Biscuit: Invented, Patented, and Manufactured
970:, who immigrated to the United States aboard the ship
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987:; November 14, 1865; Improvements in Condensing Milk
1661:
A History of American Manufactures from 1608 to 1860
908:, Texas, where he had never been, was named for him
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1869 Houston map showing the grid laid out by Borden
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1648:Borden, Gail Jr., Gail Borden Jr. to Ashbel Smith,
1438:"How condensed milk got its start with the Shakers"
417:, perhaps while visiting a grown child and family.
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1118:(2). Texas State Historical Association: 131–142.
481:. As editor, Gail Borden worked to be objective.
2493:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
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271:Thomas Borden (brother), John Borden (brother)
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822:enduring desire to produce quality products.
475:began, though the later issues bore the name
463:situation". The men based their newspaper in
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1963:(1), Texas State Historical Association: 3–9
1772:"Notes on Early Texas Newspapers, 1819–1836"
1638:. United States. Patent Office. p. 466.
1345:"The Man Who Invented Elsie, the Borden Cow"
1249:
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799:constructed the New York Milk Condensery in
351:. Earlier, Borden helped plan the cities of
1915:Bulletin of the Business Historical Society
1343:Crowley, Carolyn Hughes (August 31, 1999).
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962:. Another notable relative is the infamous
830:In 1828, Borden married Penelope Mercer of
449:The October 10, 1835, first edition of the
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2072:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2044:. New York: Borden's Condensed Milk. 1907.
1467:. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press. p. 13.
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1607:"New York Milk Condensery, Borden's Milk"
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916:. Borden, Texas, was also named for him.
524:moved east into the Texian colonies, the
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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512:. It was said to have been flown at the
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2443:Army of the Republic of Texas personnel
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1805:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
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2006:McMurtrie, Douglas C. (January 1932),
2012:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly
1957:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly
1890:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly
1884:Franklin, Ethel Mary (October 1932).
1776:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly
1635:Commissioner of Patents Annual Report
1632:United States. Patent Office (1864).
1374:https://www.jstor.org/stable/23149676
1112:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly
1006:
1004:
1002:
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594:Political career and early inventions
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2053:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2001:, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company
886:Borden died on January 11, 1874, in
471:on October 10, 1835, days after the
54:adding citations to reliable sources
1869:. Dallas: Republic of Texas Press.
1206:quoted in McMurtrie (1932), p. 184.
1011:Frantz, Joe B. (October 14, 2016).
958:, an American figure skater in the
2488:People from Colorado County, Texas
1848:Galveston: A History of the Island
1831:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1770:Barker, Eugene C. (October 1917).
1749:"Family History of Stephen Borden"
1609:. Southeast Museum. Archived from
14:
1944:Gail Borden: Dairyman to a Nation
898:to New York City to be buried in
894:, Texas. His body was shipped by
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1061:. University of Nebraska-Lincoln
950:Borden was distantly related to
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777:Advertisement for Gail Borden's
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30:
2473:People from Covington, Kentucky
2423:19th-century American inventors
1946:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1492:Encyclopedia of Kitchen History
1080:White, Carl (August 29, 2016).
797:New York Condensed Milk Company
409:His mother died at age 48 from
41:needs additional citations for
2438:People of the Texas Revolution
1998:History of American Journalism
1574:Dudlicek, James (March 2008).
1537:. September 9, 1907. p. 8
1489:Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2004).
1:
2463:People from Norwich, New York
1953:"The Capitol (?) at Columbia"
1865:Chariton, Wallace O. (1990).
598:Borden was a delegate at the
2478:People from Galveston, Texas
2458:Telegraph and Texas Register
2453:American emigrants to Mexico
1782:(2): 127–144. Archived from
1330:Frantz (1948), pp. 124, 126.
1106:Hendrix, Roberta C. (1947).
853:The Gail Borden monument in
559:flag which was flown in the
478:Telegraph and Texas Register
452:Telegraph and Texas Register
379:Gail Borden Jr. was born in
2107:United States Patent Office
2051:American National Biography
2008:"Pioneer Printing in Texas"
1867:Exploring the Alamo Legends
1799:Cutler, Charles L. (2002).
1312:Cutler (2002), pp. 100–101.
1285:Frantz (1948), pp. 123-133.
1174:Kökény (2004), pp. 284–285.
469:Telegraph and Texas Planter
21:Gail Borden (figure skater)
2519:
2101:Gail Borden Public Library
1995:Lee, James Melvin (1917),
1495:. Routledge. p. 102.
1108:"Some Gail Borden Letters"
937:Gail Borden Public Library
912:, as was its county seat,
719:he had seen being used by
606:during 1833 and 1834 when
18:
2428:American newspaper people
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2270:Borden's Ice Cream Shoppe
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2058:Preston, Wheeler (1940).
2049:Garraty, John A. (1999).
1850:. Fort Worth: TCU Press.
1846:Cartwright, Gary (1998).
1673:Cartwright (1998), p. 74.
1227:McMurtrie (1932), p. 184.
1057:Gardner, Sue Ann (1999).
832:Amite County, Mississippi
400:Amite County, Mississippi
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279:
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2187:Dairy Farmers of America
2088:Today in Science History
1977:Journal of the Southwest
1951:Kemp, L.W. (July 1944),
1321:Brown (1995), pp. 45–46.
1271:Cartwright (1998), p. 72
1197:Chariton (1990), p. 180.
1162:Franklin (1932), p. 134.
1153:Franklin (1932), p. 133.
693:1851 London World's Fair
198:Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx
2157:Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
2062:. USA: Harper Brothers.
1942:Frantz, Joe B. (1951).
1694:(3): 387. May 1, 1952.
1413:"Vacuum Pan Evaporator"
1041:. Borden Dairy Company.
795:In 1864, Gail Borden's
715:He was inspired by the
2103:, its official website
1596:Frantz (1948), p. 128.
1534:Nebraska State Journal
1294:Frantz (1948), p. 124.
1262:Kökény (2004), p. 289.
1253:Barker (1917), p. 143.
1188:Barker (1917), p. 142.
1144:Kökény (2004), p. 284.
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857:, Bronx, New York City
785:
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500:The design of Baker's
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1417:Science Photo Library
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561:Battle of San Jacinto
514:Battle of San Jacinto
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448:
304:Years of service
2418:Borden County, Texas
2060:American Biographies
1349:Smithsonian Magazine
1303:Brown (1995), p. 45.
960:1932 Winter Olympics
610:was away in Mexico.
588:Francis W. Moore Jr.
581:First Texas Congress
465:San Felipe de Austin
415:Nashville, Tennessee
50:improve this article
2483:People from Houston
2022:on October 16, 2012
1900:on October 16, 2012
1827:Brown, Dee (1995).
1786:on October 16, 2012
1218:Lee (1917), p. 216.
1035:"About Gail Borden"
604:Samuel May Williams
563:on April 21, 1836.
530:Battle of the Alamo
402:. Borden stayed in
393:New London, Indiana
1701:10.3382/ps.0310387
1684:"The Borden Award"
1444:. November 1, 2017
1391:www.skinnerinc.com
1239:Kemp (1944), p. 6.
1134:– via JSTOR.
1013:"Borden, Gail, Jr"
984:U.S. patent RE2103
972:Elizabeth and Anne
929:
805:American Civil War
801:Brewster, New York
786:
783:Klondike Gold Rush
713:
661:sail-powered wagon
619:
600:Convention of 1833
518:
516:on April 21, 1836.
460:
437:of Texas in 1835.
421:Migration to Texas
365:American Civil War
2311:
2310:
1876:978-1-55622-255-9
1829:The American West
1728:bordenfamily.info
1502:978-1-135-45572-9
1474:978-1-56158-218-1
1086:Greenwich Library
900:Woodlawn Cemetery
855:Woodlawn Cemetery
737:Wassaic, New York
628:Mirabeau B. Lamar
608:Stephen F. Austin
575:was published in
457:San Felipe, Texas
435:topographical map
381:Norwich, New York
371:after his death.
342:
341:
292:Republic of Texas
216:county surveyor,
208:American, Mexican
167:Norwich, New York
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2498:Borden (company)
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1921:(4/6): 123–133.
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1755:on June 4, 2004.
1751:. Archived from
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1526:"Condensed Milk"
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1370:New York History
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986:
927:The Borden Award
874:U.S. Highway 180
866:
850:
838:Death and legacy
816:Amenia, New York
768:Jeremiah Milbank
733:Jeremiah Milbank
506:Texas Revolution
504:flag during the
490:Eugene C. Barker
473:Texas Revolution
441:Texas Revolution
427:Fort Bend County
369:Borden Dairy Co.
338:
319:Texas Revolution
181:
178:January 11, 1874
163:November 9, 1801
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2175:Current holders
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2037:
2035:Further reading
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892:Colorado County
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872:limits sign on
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673:
671:Processed foods
632:Mobile, Alabama
596:
569:
548:and press into
443:
423:
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345:Gail Borden Jr.
299:
280:Military career
247:Penelope Mercer
200:, New York City
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2082:External links
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1983:(2): 283–308,
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1886:"Joseph Baker"
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1857:978-0875651903
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1552:Prof. Hunziker
1547:Newspapers.com
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1393:. May 30, 2014
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182:(aged 72)
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1578:. Dairy Foods
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1515:Frantz (1951)
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1059:"Gail Borden"
1053:
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964:Lizzie Borden
961:
957:
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952:Robert Borden
945:
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903:
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870:Borden County
865:
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837:
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826:Personal life
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764:Panic of 1857
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106:February 2020
98:
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67: –
66:
65:"Gail Borden"
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2274:
2254:Jane Ellison
2182:Borden Dairy
2059:
2050:
2041:
2026:December 30,
2024:, retrieved
2020:the original
2015:
2011:
1997:
1980:
1976:
1967:November 11,
1965:, retrieved
1960:
1956:
1943:
1918:
1914:
1904:December 30,
1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1893:
1889:
1866:
1847:
1828:
1816:. Retrieved
1801:
1790:December 30,
1788:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1779:
1775:
1753:the original
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:the original
1601:
1592:
1580:. Retrieved
1569:
1550:
1545:– via
1541:December 10,
1539:. Retrieved
1532:
1520:
1511:
1491:
1483:
1464:
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1441:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1390:
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1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:
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1308:
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1290:
1267:
1258:
1223:
1202:
1193:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1085:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1039:Borden Dairy
1038:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
981:
971:
949:
941:
930:
918:
910:posthumously
904:
885:
829:
820:
813:
809:
794:
791:
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760:
749:
741:
723:to condense
714:
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682:
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656:yellow fever
653:
649:
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585:
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570:
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533:
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522:Mexican Army
519:
483:
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411:yellow fever
408:
397:
387:(renamed as
378:
361:
344:
343:
315:Battles/wars
218:cartographer
180:(1874-01-11)
127:
112:
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93:
86:
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72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2448:1874 deaths
2433:1801 births
2390:Mississippi
2275:Gail Borden
2242:Advertising
1818:February 6,
1354:February 6,
1065:February 6,
1019:February 5,
956:Gail Borden
896:private car
878:Gail, Texas
779:Eagle Brand
756:Eagle Brand
725:fruit juice
689:Elisha Kane
623:Sam Houston
510:Texian Army
486:Texian Army
310:(1835–1836)
308:Texian Army
225:Employer(s)
205:Citizenship
134:Gail Borden
2412:Categories
2233:Wise Foods
2223:Mrs. Grass
1764:References
745:Torrington
717:vacuum pan
621:President
557:San Felipe
542:Harrisburg
502:San Felipe
375:Early life
285:Allegiance
236:Inventing
159:1801-11-09
76:newspapers
2503:Surveyors
2330:Biography
2150:Ownership
2068:cite book
1710:0032-5791
1124:0038-478X
974:in 1635.
946:Genealogy
573:Telegraph
534:Telegraph
526:Telegraph
389:Covington
359:in 1836.
357:Galveston
329:Signature
268:Relatives
260:Parent(s)
2293:Category
2228:ReaLemon
1989:40170291
1733:July 31,
1617:June 26,
1582:June 26,
1448:July 31,
1422:July 31,
1397:July 31,
1132:30236129
876:east of
729:curdling
684:pemmican
577:Columbia
385:Kentucky
252:Children
2366:Indiana
2316:Portals
2303:Commons
2263:Related
2218:Elmer's
2095:History
1935:3110879
1091:May 24,
978:Patents
721:Shakers
520:As the
404:Liberty
353:Houston
90:scholar
2196:Brands
2143:Borden
1987:
1933:
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1376:, 459.
1130:
1122:
888:Borden
752:udders
244:Spouse
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2354:Texas
2213:Eagle
2203:Cocio
1985:JSTOR
1931:JSTOR
1529:(jpg)
1128:JSTOR
991:Notes
644:man.
97:JSTOR
83:books
2074:link
2028:2009
1969:2022
1906:2009
1871:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1820:2020
1807:ISBN
1792:2009
1735:2018
1706:ISSN
1619:2008
1584:2008
1543:2021
1497:ISBN
1469:ISBN
1450:2018
1424:2018
1399:2018
1356:2020
1120:ISSN
1093:2021
1067:2020
1021:2020
914:Gail
546:type
355:and
188:, US
175:Died
169:, US
149:Born
69:news
1923:doi
1696:doi
890:in
735:in
413:in
52:by
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2070:}}
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2016:35
2014:,
2010:,
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