3109:
1041:
31:
99:
3069:
125:. These are the largest structures known to date. Observations of superclusters can give information about the initial condition of the universe, when these superclusters were created. The directions of the rotational axes of galaxies within superclusters are studied by those who believe that they may give insight and information into the early formation process of galaxies in the history of the Universe.
3081:
3145:
3169:
3121:
3157:
3133:
94:
The existence of superclusters indicates that the galaxies in the
Universe are not uniformly distributed; most of them are drawn together in groups and clusters, with groups containing up to some dozens of galaxies and clusters up to several thousand galaxies. Those groups and clusters and additional
1782:
Cucciati, O.; Lemaux, B. C.; Zamorani, G.; Le Fevre, O.; Tasca, L. A. M.; Hathi, N. P.; Lee, K-G.; Bardelli, S.; Cassata, P.; Garilli, B.; Le Brun, V.; Maccagni, D.; Pentericci, L.; Thomas, R.; Vanzella, E.; Zucca, E.; Lubin, L. M.; Amorin, R.; Cassara', L. P.; Cimatti, A.; Talia, M.; Vergani, D.;
950:
This supercluster at the time of its discovery was the largest supercluster found so deep into space, in 2000. It consisted of two known rich clusters and one newly discovered cluster as a result of the study that discovered it. The then known clusters were
1040:
1356:
Nurmi, P.; Heinamaki, P.; Martinez, V. J.; Einasto, J.; Enkvist, I.; Einasto, P.; Tago, E.; Saar, E.; Tempel, E. (2011-05-09). "The Sloan Great Wall. Morphology and galaxy content".
1056:
1047:
1915:
1691:
905:(z=1.27) . At the time of discovery, it became the most distant known supercluster. Additionally, seven smaller groups of galaxies are associated with the supercluster.
1966:
2891:
121:, "supercluster complexes", "walls" or "sheets", that may span between several hundred million light-years to 10 billion light-years, covering more than 5% of the
1436:
Sankhyayan, Shishir; Bagchi, Joydeep; Tempel, Elmo; More, Surhud; Einasto, Maret; Dabhade, Pratik; Raychaudhury, Somak; Athreya, Ramana; Heinämäki, Pekka (2023).
2938:
1766:
3194:
1980:
Ohta, K.; et al. (2003). "Optical
Identification of the ASCA Lynx Deep Survey: An Association of Quasi-Stellar Objects and a Supercluster at z = 1.3?".
1783:
Koekemoer, A.; Pforr, J.; Salvato, M. (2018). "The progeny of a Cosmic Titan: a massive multi-component proto-supercluster in formation at z=2.45 in VUDS".
2588:
1266:
1259:"The distribution of rich clusters of galaxies. A catalogue of 2,712 rich clusters found on the National Geographic Society Palomar Observatory Sky Survey"
296:
It is composed of two lobes, sometimes also referred to as superclusters, or sometimes the entire supercluster is referred to by these other two names
2037:
Studies of
Galaxies in the Young Universe with New Generation Telescope, Proceedings of Japan-German Seminar, held in Sendai, Japan, July 24â28, 2001
3108:
586:
75:
2251:
1657:
2058:
Tanaka, I.; Yamada, T.; Turner, E. L.; Suto, Y. (2001). "Superclustering of Faint
Galaxies in the Field of a QSO Concentration at z ~ 1.1".
1637:
2321:
3004:
185:
Discovered in 2023 by analyzing Sloan
Digital Sky Survey images. Claimed to be the most massive galaxy supercluster discovered so far.
2923:
2178:
1950:
1498:"King Ghidorah Supercluster: Mapping the light and dark matter in a new supercluster at z = 0.55 using the subaru hyper suprime-cam"
1078:
289:
2304:
792:
409:
3009:
1497:
1303:
959:(z=0.924), which then known to have 21 and 42 known galaxies respectively. The then newly discovered cluster was located at
563:
3189:
2736:
1073:
3099:
510:
608:
316:
2906:
873:
This supercluster at the time of its discovery in 2018 was the earliest and largest proto-supercluster found to date.
862:
1785:
1438:"Identification of Superclusters and Their Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Using the WHL Cluster Catalog"
3024:
2979:
2787:
2376:
2371:
2344:
1924:
1411:
1088:
133:
1913:
Nakata, F.; et al. (2004). "Discovery of a large-scale clumpy structure of the Lynx supercluster at zâź1.27".
2705:
2115:
2060:
1982:
1358:
766:
281:
near its center, and is sometimes called the Local
Supercluster. It is thought to contain over 47,000 galaxies.
2989:
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2896:
2802:
2698:
2656:
2366:
2339:
1840:
817:
806:
828:
283:
A 2014 study indicates that the Virgo
Supercluster is only a lobe of an even greater supercluster, Laniakea.
2984:
2969:
2916:
2575:
2563:
2558:
2472:
2437:
2408:
2398:
1893:
2487:
2386:
521:, and has at least two more galaxy clusters, four more galaxy groups, several field galaxies, as members.
484:
456:
442:
356:
140:
132:
of space where few galaxies exist. Superclusters are frequently subdivided into groups of clusters called
3014:
2911:
2613:
1960:
514:
334:
325:
307:
211:
71:
518:
1728:
Postman, M.; Geller, M. J.; Huchra, J. P. (1988). "The dynamics of the Corona
Borealis supercluster".
936:
filament. At the time of the discovery, it was the largest and most distant supercluster beyond z=0.5
924:
A rich supercluster with several galaxy clusters was discovered around an unusual concentration of 23
3044:
2994:
2829:
2741:
2477:
2361:
2297:
2197:
2134:
2079:
2040:
2001:
1928:
1859:
1804:
1739:
1730:
1700:
1594:
1520:
1459:
1377:
1322:
1275:
990:
986:
902:
898:
526:
894:
890:
506:
428:
78:. The large size and low density of superclusters means that they, unlike clusters, expand with the
30:
3173:
2807:
2715:
2646:
2538:
2413:
1113:
1051:
122:
83:
3080:
2113:
Lubin, L. M.; et al. (2000). "A Definitive
Optical Detection of a Supercluster at z â 0.91".
1023:
1019:
1015:
956:
952:
139:
Although superclusters are supposed to be the largest structures in the universe according to the
3161:
3149:
3039:
3034:
3019:
2974:
2943:
2928:
2846:
2814:
2651:
2603:
2593:
2231:
2213:
2187:
2158:
2124:
2095:
2069:
2017:
1991:
1875:
1849:
1820:
1794:
1663:
1618:
1584:
1546:
1510:
1449:
1393:
1367:
1338:
1312:
1189:
698:
250:
67:
1570:
982:
372:
932:
exists there, instead of a single supercluster. The size discovered approaches the size of the
98:
3072:
3054:
3029:
2999:
2878:
2720:
2710:
2693:
2625:
2454:
2420:
2381:
2334:
2247:
2150:
1946:
1653:
1610:
1538:
1477:
1301:
Hu, F. X.; et al. (2006). "Orientation of
Galaxies in the Local Supercluster: A Review".
1258:
1181:
1108:
878:
420:
978:
310:
subsumed the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, which became a component of the new supercluster.
3125:
3084:
2886:
2861:
2841:
2836:
2824:
2678:
2499:
2432:
2205:
2142:
2087:
2009:
1936:
1867:
1812:
1808:
1747:
1708:
1645:
1602:
1575:
1528:
1467:
1385:
1330:
1326:
1283:
1173:
470:
347:
144:
129:
79:
35:
2035:
Tanaka, I. (2004). "Subaru Observation of a Supercluster of Galaxies and QSOS at Z = 1.1".
1495:
Shimawaka, Rhythm; Okabe, Nobuhiro; Shirasaki, Masat; Tanaka, Masayuki (22 November 2022).
102:
The Abell 901/902 supercluster is located a little over two billion light-years from Earth.
2933:
2856:
2548:
2521:
2492:
2444:
2290:
1098:
933:
929:
435:
432:
118:
111:
107:
2201:
2138:
2083:
2044:
2005:
1932:
1863:
1743:
1704:
1598:
1524:
1463:
1381:
1279:
328:
subsumed the Pavo-Indus Supercluster, which became a component of the new supercluster.
3113:
2797:
2630:
2533:
2528:
2482:
2425:
1139:
1093:
343:
47:
3183:
2953:
2819:
2782:
2553:
2516:
2504:
2356:
2351:
2099:
2021:
1824:
1713:
1686:
1622:
1550:
1412:"Einasto Supercluster: the new heavyweight contender in the universe | Tartu Ălikool"
1397:
1389:
1193:
278:
234:
114:
of galaxy clusters. He called them "second-order clusters", or clusters of clusters.
2217:
2162:
1342:
1165:
3137:
2792:
2777:
2683:
2608:
2403:
2393:
1879:
1103:
51:
17:
1816:
1207:
1134:
66:
galaxy group (which contains more than 54 galaxies), which in turn is part of the
1649:
998:
3049:
2866:
2756:
2746:
2543:
2509:
2449:
2329:
2272:
2267:
1838:
Rosati, P.; et al. (1999). "An X-Ray-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.26".
266:
238:
63:
1472:
1437:
2751:
2688:
2277:
2242:
Freedman, Roger; Gellar, Robert M.; Kaufmann, William III (2015). "Galaxies".
1941:
1334:
1232:
1177:
376:
362:
225:
2176:
Connolly, A. J.; et al. (1996). "Superclustering at Redshift z = 0.54".
1542:
1533:
1481:
1185:
2761:
274:
242:
59:
2154:
1614:
95:
isolated galaxies in turn form even larger structures called superclusters.
1014:
This supercluster has at least three member clusters, the eastern cluster
371:
The Saraswati Supercluster consists of 43 massive galaxy clusters such as
2192:
2129:
2074:
1996:
1854:
1317:
1004:
971:
944:
914:
883:
867:
686:
615:
593:
218:
195:
55:
1606:
2598:
2583:
2313:
1898:
1083:
928:
at z=1.1 in 2001. The size of the complex of clusters may indicate a
925:
270:
3132:
2209:
2146:
2091:
2013:
1871:
1799:
1751:
1515:
1454:
1287:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2618:
1589:
1372:
97:
143:, larger structures have been observed in surveys, including the
233:
The Laniakea Supercluster is the supercluster that contains the
2286:
1768:
Scientists in Chile unveil 'A Cosmic Titan' cluster of galaxies
1573:(2 September 2014). "The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies".
538:
The second supercluster found, after the Local Supercluster.
981:(z=0.544) and is composed of at least three large clusters,
206:
The most massive galaxy supercluster discovered until 2023.
2282:
1687:"Large-scale structure of galaxies in the Ophiuchus region"
1503:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
1166:"Earth's new address: 'Solar System, Milky Way, Laniakea'"
897:
being the eastern one), it contains at least two clusters
117:
Superclusters form massive structures of galaxies, called
893:, a name now used to describe the western cluster, with
27:
Large group of smaller galaxy clusters or galaxy groups
1564:
1562:
1560:
3097:
54:; they are among the largest known structures in the
1569:
Tully, R. Brent; Courtois, Helene; Hoffman, Yehuda;
2962:
2877:
2770:
2729:
2639:
2574:
2465:
2320:
1916:
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
1496:
517:. This supercluster is centered on the cD cluster
241:, and by extension on the latter, our galaxy; the
1692:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1765:Miranda, Natalia A. Ramos (October 17, 2018),
509:, it may be connected in a filament, with the
2939:List of the most distant astronomical objects
2298:
1054:and neighbouring superclusters of galaxies. (
8:
1965:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
1644:. Springer, New York, NY. pp. 426â427.
1583:(7516) (published 4 September 2014): 71â73.
1208:"The Universe within 14 billion Light Years"
963:, +43° 14′ 44.7″
2234:, Nick Kaiser. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
1267:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
977:This supercluster lies around radio galaxy
128:Interspersed among superclusters are large
2948:
2305:
2291:
2283:
2246:(10th ed.). New York: W.H. Freedman.
2191:
2128:
2073:
1995:
1940:
1853:
1798:
1712:
1588:
1532:
1514:
1471:
1453:
1371:
1316:
361:Distance = 4000 Million light years (1.2
260:Length = 33 Mpc (110 million light-years)
847:
548:
394:
384:and is seen in the Pisces constellation
154:
106:Their existence was first postulated by
29:
3104:
1125:
1958:
1638:"A Study of the Southern Supercluster"
1159:
1157:
1050:A diagram of Earth's location in the
82:. The number of superclusters in the
7:
375:and has a mass of about 2 x 10
3195:Large-scale structure of the cosmos
1114:Large-scale structure of the cosmos
511:Pavo-Indus-Telescopium Supercluster
2278:Universe family tree: Supercluster
1685:Hasegawa, T.; et al. (2000).
654:AquariusâCapricornus Supercluster
174:z = ~0.25 (3 billion light years )
25:
2179:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1079:List of largest cosmic structures
587:HorologiumâReticulum Supercluster
367:Length = 652 Million light-years
76:PiscesâCetus Supercluster Complex
3167:
3155:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3107:
3079:
3068:
3067:
1714:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03531.x
1164:Gibney, Elizabeth (2014-09-03).
1039:
968:SCL @ 0018+16 at z=0.54 in SA26
177:Length = 360 million light years
2268:Overview of local superclusters
844:Extremely distant superclusters
497:cz=8500â9000 km/s (centre)
86:is estimated to be 10 million.
34:A map of the superclusters and
3010:Galaxy formation and evolution
3005:Galaxy colorâmagnitude diagram
1304:Astrophysics and Space Science
1233:"An Intergalactic Heavyweight"
709:DracoâUrsa Major Supercluster
1:
1074:Lists of astronomical objects
718:FornaxâEridanus Supercluster
324:In 2014, the newly announced
306:In 2014, the newly announced
2232:"The MS0302+17 Supercluster"
1786:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1650:10.1007/978-1-4613-9356-6_65
780:PegasusâPisces Supercluster
663:AquariusâCetus Supercluster
609:Corona Borealis Supercluster
505:Forming the far wall of the
290:HydraâCentaurus Supercluster
180:Mass = 2.6 Ă 10 solar masses
46:is a large group of smaller
2892:Galaxies named after people
1817:10.1051/0004-6361/201833655
1133:Cain, Fraser (4 May 2009).
863:Hyperion proto-supercluster
793:PerseusâPisces Supercluster
410:PerseusâPisces Supercluster
190:King Ghidorah Supercluster
3211:
3025:Gravitational microlensing
2980:Galactic coordinate system
1925:Cambridge University Press
1390:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/51
1089:Galaxy groups and clusters
201:Mass = 1 Ă 10 solar masses
134:galaxy groups and clusters
3063:
2273:The Nearest Superclusters
2116:The Astrophysical Journal
2061:The Astrophysical Journal
1983:The Astrophysical Journal
1942:10.1017/S1743921304000080
1442:The Astrophysical Journal
1359:The Astrophysical Journal
1335:10.1007/s10509-005-9006-7
1257:Abell, George O. (1958).
1178:10.1038/nature.2014.15819
818:Ursa Majoris Supercluster
807:PiscesâAries Supercluster
767:Microscopium Supercluster
745:LeoâSextans Supercluster
564:PiscesâCetus Supercluster
228:(500 million light-years)
2990:Galactic magnetic fields
2803:Brightest cluster galaxy
2699:Luminous infrared galaxy
1841:The Astronomical Journal
1473:10.3847/1538-4357/acfaeb
645:Aquarius B Supercluster
2985:Galactic habitable zone
2970:Extragalactic astronomy
2559:Supermassive black hole
2473:Active galactic nucleus
1945:(inactive 2024-07-29).
1809:2018A&A...619A..49C
1636:Mitra, Shyamal (1989).
1327:2006Ap&SS.302...43H
1237:ESO Picture of the Week
941:SCL @ 1604+43 at z=0.9
910:SCL @ 1338+27 at z=1.1
889:Discovered in 1999 (as
829:Virgo-Coma Supercluster
754:LeoâVirgo Supercluster
317:PavoâIndus Supercluster
277:. It also contains the
74:, which is part of the
70:, which is part of the
2737:Low surface brightness
2488:Central massive object
2230:University of Hawaii,
1534:10.1093/mnrasl/slac150
672:Bootes A Supercluster
636:Aquarius Supercluster
533:z=0.046.(650 Mly away)
485:Ophiuchus Supercluster
457:Hercules Superclusters
443:Sculptor Superclusters
357:Saraswati Supercluster
302:Centaurus Supercluster
141:Cosmological principle
103:
39:
3015:Galaxy rotation curve
1642:The World of Galaxies
1212:Atlas of the Universe
1022:and northern cluster
627:Columba Supercluster
545:Distant superclusters
515:Hercules Supercluster
335:Southern Supercluster
326:Laniakea Supercluster
308:Laniakea Supercluster
212:Laniakea Supercluster
169:Einasto Supercluster
151:List of superclusters
101:
72:Laniakea Supercluster
33:
3190:Galaxy superclusters
3050:Population III stars
3045:Intergalactic travel
2995:Galactic orientation
2862:Voids and supervoids
1731:Astronomical Journal
851:Galaxy supercluster
681:Caelum Supercluster
574:BoĂśtes Supercluster
552:Galaxy supercluster
527:Shapley Supercluster
431:, the center of the
398:Galaxy supercluster
391:Nearby superclusters
158:Galaxy supercluster
3040:Intergalactic stars
2929:Large quasar groups
2924:Groups and clusters
2788:Groups and clusters
2647:Lyman-alpha emitter
2539:Interstellar medium
2202:1996ApJ...473L..67C
2139:2000ApJ...531L...5L
2084:2001ApJ...547..521T
2045:2004sgyu.conf...61T
2006:2003ApJ...598..210O
1933:2004ogci.conf...29N
1894:"Lynx Supercluster"
1864:1999AJ....118...76R
1744:1988AJ.....95..267P
1705:2000MNRAS.316..326H
1607:10.1038/nature13674
1599:2014Natur.513...71T
1525:2023MNRAS.519L..45S
1464:2023ApJ...958...62S
1382:2011ApJ...736...51E
1280:1958ApJS....3..211A
1052:observable Universe
1018:, southern cluster
736:Leo A Supercluster
346:(S373), Dorado and
123:observable universe
84:observable universe
18:Galaxy supercluster
3035:Intergalactic dust
3020:Gravitational lens
2975:Galactic astronomy
2944:Starburst galaxies
2684:blue compact dwarf
2640:Energetic galaxies
2604:BL Lacertae object
2039:. pp. 61â64.
727:Grus Supercluster
699:Draco Supercluster
427:Forms most of the
299:Hydra Supercluster
251:Virgo Supercluster
104:
68:Virgo Supercluster
40:
3095:
3094:
3055:Galaxy X (galaxy)
3030:Illustris project
3000:Galactic quadrant
2721:Wolf-Rayet galaxy
2711:Green bean galaxy
2706:Hot dust-obscured
2657:Luminous infrared
2421:Elliptical galaxy
2253:978-1-319-04238-7
1659:978-1-4613-9358-0
1109:Illustris project
1057:Alternative image
1030:
1029:
879:Lynx Supercluster
841:
840:
542:
541:
519:Ophiuchus Cluster
421:Coma Supercluster
388:
387:
16:(Redirected from
3202:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3136:
3135:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3083:
3071:
3070:
2716:Hanny's Voorwerp
2626:Relativistic jet
2500:Dark matter halo
2307:
2300:
2293:
2284:
2257:
2235:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2195:
2193:astro-ph/9610047
2173:
2167:
2166:
2132:
2130:astro-ph/0001166
2110:
2104:
2103:
2077:
2075:astro-ph/0009229
2055:
2049:
2048:
2032:
2026:
2025:
1999:
1997:astro-ph/0308066
1977:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1944:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1857:
1855:astro-ph/9903381
1835:
1829:
1828:
1802:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1662:. Archived from
1633:
1627:
1626:
1592:
1571:Pomarède, Daniel
1566:
1555:
1554:
1536:
1518:
1500:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1457:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1375:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1320:
1318:astro-ph/0508669
1298:
1292:
1291:
1263:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1130:
1043:
962:
930:wall of galaxies
848:
689:=0.126 (1.4 Gly)
599:Length = 550 Mly
596:=0.063 (700 Mly)
549:
493:
471:Leo Supercluster
395:
265:It contains the
155:
145:Sloan Great Wall
80:Hubble expansion
38:nearest to Earth
21:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3106:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3059:
2958:
2873:
2766:
2725:
2635:
2570:
2549:Galaxy filament
2493:Galactic Center
2461:
2316:
2311:
2264:
2254:
2241:
2238:
2229:
2225:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2034:
2033:
2029:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1957:
1953:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1660:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1568:
1567:
1558:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1099:Galaxy filament
1069:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1049:
1044:
1035:
991:RX J0018.8+1602
987:RX J0018.3+1618
960:
934:CfA2 Great Wall
903:RXJ 0848.6+4453
899:RXJ 0848.9+4452
846:
547:
500:18 Mpc x 26 Mpc
491:
436:galaxy filament
433:CfA2 Great Wall
393:
382:
379:
153:
112:Abell catalogue
92:
62:is part of the
48:galaxy clusters
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3208:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3077:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2883:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2847:Stellar stream
2844:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:Galactic ridge
2531:
2529:Galactic plane
2526:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2458:
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2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2263:
2262:External links
2260:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2237:
2236:
2223:
2210:10.1086/310395
2186:(2): L67âL70.
2168:
2147:10.1086/312518
2105:
2092:10.1086/318430
2068:(2): 521â530.
2050:
2027:
2014:10.1086/378690
1990:(1): 210â215.
1972:
1951:
1905:
1885:
1872:10.1086/300934
1830:
1774:
1757:
1752:10.1086/114635
1720:
1699:(2): 326â344.
1677:
1666:on 9 June 2018
1658:
1628:
1556:
1509:(1): L45âL50.
1487:
1428:
1403:
1348:
1311:(1â4): 43â59.
1293:
1288:10.1086/190036
1249:
1224:
1199:
1153:
1140:Universe Today
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1094:Galaxy cluster
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1012:
1001:
995:
994:
975:
969:
965:
964:
955:(z=0.897) and
948:
942:
938:
937:
922:
911:
907:
906:
895:ClG J0849+4452
891:ClG J0848+4453
887:
881:
875:
874:
871:
865:
859:
858:
855:
852:
845:
842:
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728:
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623:
621:
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619:
611:
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600:
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583:
582:
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571:
570:
568:
566:
560:
559:
556:
553:
546:
543:
540:
539:
536:
535:
534:
529:
523:
522:
507:Ophiuchus Void
503:
502:
501:
498:
495:
487:
481:
480:
475:
473:
467:
466:
461:
459:
453:
452:
447:
445:
439:
438:
429:CfA Homunculus
425:
423:
417:
416:
414:
412:
406:
405:
402:
399:
392:
389:
386:
385:
380:
377:
369:
359:
353:
352:
344:Fornax Cluster
339:
337:
331:
330:
321:
319:
313:
312:
304:
303:
300:
294:
292:
286:
285:
263:
262:
261:
258:
253:
247:
246:
231:
230:
229:
222:
214:
208:
207:
204:
203:
202:
199:
191:
187:
186:
183:
182:
181:
178:
175:
170:
166:
165:
162:
159:
152:
149:
91:
88:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3207:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:Superclusters
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
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2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:Superclusters
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Galactic tide
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Ultra diffuse
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
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2670:
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2660:
2659:
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2655:
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2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2576:Active nuclei
2573:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
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2530:
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2523:
2520:
2519:
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2431:
2427:
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2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
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2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
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2383:
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2373:
2370:
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2328:
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2319:
2315:
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2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
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2279:
2276:
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2265:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2097:
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2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1954:
1952:0-521-84908-X
1948:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1909:
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1900:
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1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1429:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1135:"Local Group"
1129:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
966:
958:
954:
949:
946:
943:
940:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
921:
920:Length=70Mpc
918:
916:
912:
909:
908:
904:
901:(z=1.26) and
900:
896:
892:
888:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
872:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
856:
853:
850:
849:
843:
837:
834:
832:
830:
827:
826:
823:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:
810:
808:
805:
804:
801:
798:
796:
794:
791:
790:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
775:
772:
770:
768:
765:
764:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
704:
702:
700:
697:
696:
693:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
622:
617:
614:
613:
612:
610:
607:
606:
603:
598:
595:
592:
591:
590:
588:
585:
584:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
569:
567:
565:
562:
561:
557:
554:
551:
550:
544:
537:
532:
531:
530:
528:
525:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
496:
490:
489:
488:
486:
483:
482:
479:
476:
474:
472:
469:
468:
465:
462:
460:
458:
455:
454:
451:
448:
446:
444:
441:
440:
437:
434:
430:
426:
424:
422:
419:
418:
415:
413:
411:
408:
407:
403:
400:
397:
396:
390:
383:
374:
370:
368:
364:
360:
358:
355:
354:
351:
349:
345:
340:
338:
336:
333:
332:
329:
327:
322:
320:
318:
315:
314:
311:
309:
301:
298:
297:
295:
293:
291:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:Virgo Cluster
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
256:
255:
254:
252:
249:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:Virgo Cluster
232:
227:
224:Length = 153
223:
220:
217:
216:
215:
213:
210:
209:
205:
200:
197:
194:
193:
192:
189:
188:
184:
179:
176:
173:
172:
171:
168:
167:
163:
160:
157:
156:
150:
148:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
100:
96:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
52:galaxy groups
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
3174:Solar System
3085:
3073:
2851:
2808:fossil group
2730:Low activity
2564:Ultramassive
2394:Dwarf galaxy
2377:intermediate
2372:grand design
2243:
2226:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2123:(1): L5âL8.
2120:
2114:
2108:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2036:
2030:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1961:cite journal
1920:
1914:
1908:
1897:
1888:
1848:(1): 76â85.
1845:
1839:
1833:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1767:
1760:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1696:
1690:
1680:
1670:23 September
1668:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1641:
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1420:. Retrieved
1418:. 2024-02-19
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1144:. Retrieved
1138:
1128:
1104:Galaxy group
1055:
1024:MS 0302+1717
1020:MS 0302+1659
1016:CL 0303+1706
1010:Length=6Mpc
1009:
1003:
989:(z=0.5506),
985:(z=0.5455),
957:Cl 1604+4321
953:Cl 1604+4304
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127:
116:
110:in his 1958
108:George Abell
105:
93:
44:supercluster
43:
41:
3162:Outer space
3150:Spaceflight
2867:void galaxy
2830:cannibalism
2815:Interacting
2771:Interaction
2757:Blue Nugget
2747:Dark galaxy
2652:Lyman-break
2544:Protogalaxy
2510:Disc galaxy
1274:: 211â288.
1242:12 February
267:Local Group
239:Local Group
198:= 0.50-0.64
119:"filaments"
64:Local Group
3184:Categories
2907:Polar-ring
2752:Red nugget
2694:faint blue
2554:Spiral arm
2409:spheroidal
2399:elliptical
2382:Magellanic
2367:flocculent
2335:Lenticular
2322:Morphology
1800:1806.06073
1738:: 267â83.
1516:2211.11970
1455:2309.06251
1422:2024-03-22
1217:6 December
1146:6 December
1121:References
999:MS 0302+17
983:CL 0016+16
961:16 04 25.7
373:Abell 2361
3126:Astronomy
2842:Satellite
2837:Jellyfish
2825:collision
2762:Dead disk
2679:Starburst
2594:Markarian
2466:Structure
2433:Irregular
2404:irregular
2100:119439816
2022:117171639
1927:: 29â33.
1825:119472428
1771:, Reuters
1623:205240232
1590:1409.0880
1551:253761264
1543:1745-3933
1482:0004-637X
1448:(1): 62.
1398:119215944
1373:1105.1632
1366:(1): 51.
1194:124323774
1186:1476-4687
494:â22°
342:Includes
275:Milky Way
269:with our
243:Milky Way
90:Existence
60:Milky Way
3074:Category
2963:See also
2887:Galaxies
2614:X-shaped
2445:Peculiar
2387:unbarred
2345:unbarred
2314:Galaxies
2244:Universe
2218:17697662
2163:14588174
2155:10673401
1615:25186900
1343:18837475
1067:See also
513:and the
381:☉
350:clouds.
348:Eridanus
257:z= 0.000
56:universe
3114:Physics
3100:Portals
2934:Quasars
2902:Nearest
2897:Largest
2798:cluster
2631:Seyfert
2198:Bibcode
2135:Bibcode
2080:Bibcode
2041:Bibcode
2002:Bibcode
1929:Bibcode
1880:2560006
1860:Bibcode
1805:Bibcode
1793:: A49.
1740:Bibcode
1701:Bibcode
1595:Bibcode
1521:Bibcode
1460:Bibcode
1378:Bibcode
1323:Bibcode
1276:Bibcode
1033:Diagram
979:54W084C
836:SCl 111
774:SCl 174
760:SCl 107
580:SCl 138
464:SCl 160
221:= 0.000
3086:Portal
2917:Spiral
2820:merger
2599:Quasar
2584:Blazar
2522:corona
2438:barred
2414:spiral
2362:barred
2357:anemic
2352:Spiral
2340:barred
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1899:SIMBAD
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1576:Nature
1549:
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1192:
1184:
1170:Nature
1084:Galaxy
1007:=0.42
974:=0.54
947:=0.91
886:=1.27
870:=2.45
857:Notes
800:SCl 40
558:Notes
492:17 10
478:SCl 93
404:Notes
273:, the
271:galaxy
164:Notes
58:. The
3138:Stars
2954:Voids
2879:Lists
2857:Walls
2793:group
2778:Field
2672:ELIRG
2667:HLIRG
2662:ULIRG
2619:DRAGN
2609:Radio
2589:LINER
2483:Bulge
2455:Polar
2214:S2CID
2188:arXiv
2159:S2CID
2125:arXiv
2096:S2CID
2070:arXiv
2018:S2CID
1992:arXiv
1876:S2CID
1850:arXiv
1821:S2CID
1795:arXiv
1619:S2CID
1585:arXiv
1547:S2CID
1511:arXiv
1450:arXiv
1416:ut.ee
1394:S2CID
1368:arXiv
1339:S2CID
1313:arXiv
1262:(PDF)
1190:S2CID
917:=1.1
854:Data
786:SCl 3
618:=0.07
555:Data
450:SCl 9
401:Data
161:Data
130:voids
36:voids
2912:Ring
2517:Halo
2505:Disc
2450:Ring
2330:Disc
2248:ISBN
2151:PMID
1967:link
1947:ISBN
1921:2004
1672:2020
1654:ISBN
1611:PMID
1539:ISSN
1478:ISSN
1244:2013
1219:2015
1182:ISSN
1148:2015
926:QSOs
2689:pea
2478:Bar
2206:doi
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2143:doi
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2010:doi
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1937:doi
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