401:
33:
77:
199:
52:
315:, and tail are dark brown. Their upper wing coverts also are brown, and may have fine white spots, and their flight feathers are light brown. Their iris is a distinctive red, and the bill, tarsi, and toes are dark brown. Juveniles have a mostly dark brown body with a lighter brown upper back; black lower back, rump, and tail; and slightly grayish face and throat. Their wings are an almost-black brown.
391:
season but it is not known if the bond lasts year-round. The species makes its nest on the ground; it is a partially covered cup made of herbaceous plant matter with a side entrance. The clutch size is three to six eggs. The incubation period is 23 to 25 days and both parents incubate. Chicks take about 80 to 85 days from hatch to reach adulthood.
310:
The
Galapagos crake is about 15 cm (5.9 in) long and weighs about 35 to 45 g (1.2 to 1.6 oz). The sexes are alike. Adults have a dark gray crown and medium gray head and underparts. Their flanks and thighs have sparse narrow whitish bars. Their interscapulars, scapulars, and upper
449:
originally assessed the
Galapagos crake as Near Threatened but since 2000 has classified it as Vulnerable. It has a very limited range and its estimated population of between 3300 and 6700 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. Destruction of habitat by cattle, goats, and pigs is a major
390:
The
Galapagos crake's breeding season has not been fully defined but appears to span from September to April. It is aggressively territorial; it stamps its feet and raises its tail as a threat and may run towards other rails that encroach on its territory. Pairs are monogamous during the breeding
450:
cause of population decline; when they were removed from
Santiago Island the crake population rebounded. Climate change and its associated severe weather events may affect the crake's habitat. Feral rats, cats, and dogs, and native
368:
The
Galapagos crake is a year-round resident. It can fly and swim, though it does not fly well nor for long distances. Its flight has been described as awkward and labored. It tends to run rather than fly to escape danger.
377:
The
Galapagos crake forages during the day, moving along the ground in dense growth tossing leaves and investigating the leaf litter. Its primary prey is insects of many types and its diet includes other
578:
Chaves, Jaime A.; Martinez-Torres, Pedro J.; Depino, Emiliano A.; Espinoza-Ulloa, Sebastian; GarcĂa-Loor, Jefferson; Beichman, Annabel C.; Stervander, Martin (12 November 2020).
979:
564:
HBW and BirdLife
International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at:
437:
call, a chatter call, and a rattle call". They variously are used for members of a family to maintain contact, to advertise territory, and to intimidate predators.
889:
969:
351:, though the populations on the last two islands might be extinct. It inhabits humid highlands on those islands in areas with dense fern, shrub, and
837:
863:
291:
was adopted. At least one author classified it as a subspecies of black rail, and others consider the black rail and
Galapagos crake to form a
717:
989:
565:
984:
340:
868:
336:
332:
894:
76:
531:
780:
649:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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71:
56:
566:
http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip
580:"Evolutionary History of the Galápagos Rail Revealed by Ancient Mitogenomes and Modern Samples"
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and has been moved among at least five other scientific names before its current
850:
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941:
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148:
128:
671:
615:
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88:
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842:
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710:
Rails, a Guide to the Rails, Crakes, Gallinules and Coots of the World
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579:
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429:
The
Galapagos crake gives at least five vocalizations, "cheeping, a
824:
446:
352:
118:
726:
311:
back are chestnut brown and the lower back, rump, uppertail
540:"Flufftails, finfoots, rails, trumpeters, cranes, limpkin"
323:
The
Galapagos crake is found on the Galápagos islands of
670:
Franklin, A. B.; Clark, D. A.; Clark, D. B. (1979).
735:
507:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22692366A181476400.en
394:
283:The Galapagos crake was originally described as
275:, from which it diverged 1.2 million years ago.
8:
672:"Ecology and behavior of the Galapagos Rail"
723:
665:
663:
661:
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641:
639:
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627:
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255:, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is
197:
50:
31:
22:
605:
595:
526:
524:
505:
467:
415:Listen to Galapagos crake on xeno-canto
980:Endemic birds of the Galápagos Islands
651:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.galrai1.01
477:
475:
473:
471:
546:. International Ornithologists' Union
7:
493:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
645:Hill, E. (2020). Galapagos Rail (
458:) are potential threats as well.
382:, snails, and berries and seeds.
970:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
544:IOC World Bird List Version 12.2
399:
251:in subfamily Rallinae of family
75:
482:BirdLife International (2020).
1:
1006:
653:retrieved 28 November 2022
712:, Yale University Press,
500:: e.T22692366A181476400.
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205:
196:
177:
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72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
25:
990:Taxa named by John Gould
319:Distribution and habitat
279:Taxonomy and systematics
985:Birds described in 1841
568:retrieved 7 August 2022
298:The Galapagos crake is
538:, eds. (August 2022).
781:laterallus-spilonotus
216:Laterallus spilonotus
947:Laterallus-spilonota
767:Laterallus spilonota
737:Laterallus spilonota
647:Laterallus spilonota
486:Laterallus spilonota
232:Laterallus spilonota
181:Laterallus spilonota
676:The Wilson Bulletin
263:. It resembles its
235:), also called the
42:Conservation status
708:Taylor, B. (1998)
534:; Donsker, David;
285:Zapornia spilonota
245:vulnerable species
957:
956:
929:Open Tree of Life
729:Taxon identifiers
718:978-0-300-07758-2
597:10.3390/d12110425
536:Rasmussen, Pamela
421:
420:
261:Galápagos Islands
223:
222:
163:L. spilonota
65:
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703:Further reading
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409:Songs and calls
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227:Galapagos crake
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16:Species of bird
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265:sister species
237:Galapagos rail
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456:Asio flammeus
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345:San CristĂłbal
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241:Darwin's rail
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172:Binomial name
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607:10141/622880
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548:. Retrieved
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511:. Retrieved
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425:Vocalization
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293:superspecies
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20:
18:
903:Neotropical
851:iNaturalist
761:Wikispecies
590:(11): 425.
550:25 November
532:Gill, Frank
513:28 November
306:Description
975:Laterallus
964:Categories
942:Xeno-canto
462:References
380:arthropods
341:Santa Cruz
329:Fernandina
269:black rail
150:Laterallus
129:Gruiformes
57:Vulnerable
616:1424-2818
584:Diversity
300:monotypic
157:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
882:22692366
807:22692366
802:BirdLife
752:Q1273247
746:Wikidata
433:call, a
386:Breeding
364:Movement
359:Behavior
355:cover.
349:Floreana
337:Santiago
289:binomial
273:Americas
253:Rallidae
207:Synonyms
139:Rallidae
135:Family:
109:Chordata
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
934:3599959
908:galrai1
895:2793981
843:2474597
830:galrai1
817:galrai1
789:Avibase
692:4161201
373:Feeding
333:Isabela
313:coverts
271:of the
259:to the
257:endemic
243:, is a
191:, 1841)
145:Genus:
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
869:176272
856:367474
776:ARKive
716:
690:
686:–221.
614:
441:Status
347:, and
267:, the
921:72767
825:eBird
814:BOW:
688:JSTOR
682:(2):
435:chirr
325:Pinta
189:Gould
890:NCBI
877:IUCN
864:ITIS
838:GBIF
714:ISBN
612:ISSN
552:2022
515:2022
498:2020
447:IUCN
445:The
353:forb
249:rail
239:and
225:The
119:Aves
684:202
602:hdl
592:doi
502:doi
247:of
966::
944::
931::
918::
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879::
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840::
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748::
680:91
678:.
674:.
658:^
624:^
610:.
600:.
588:12
586:.
582:.
542:.
523:^
496:.
490:.
470:^
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
302:.
295:.
694:.
618:.
604::
594::
554:.
517:.
504::
488:"
484:"
454:(
229:(
187:(
64:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
