461:. It was once thought that their settlement had been established by Norse–Gaels who had been forced out of Dublin by the English but this is now known not to be the case. Other groups of Ostmen lived in Limerick and Waterford. Many were merchants or lived a partly rural lifestyle, pursuing fishing, craft-working and cattle raising. Their roles in Ireland's economy made them valuable subjects and the English Crown granted them special legal protections. These eventually fell out of use as the Ostmen assimilated into the English settler community throughout the 13th and 14th centuries.
43:
333:
2994:
317:
1600:
489:(Scottish Gaelic: Na Guinnich) is a Highland Scottish clan associated with lands in northeastern Scotland, including Caithness, Sutherland and, arguably, the Orkney Isles. Clan Gunn is one of the oldest Scottish Clans, being descended from the Norse Jarls of Orkney and the Pictish Mormaers of Caithness.
505:
The MacLachlan clan name means 'son of the
Lakeland' believed to be a name for Norway. It has its Scottish clan home on eastern Loch Fyne under Strathlachlan forest. The name and variations thereof are common from this mid/southern Scottish area to Irish Donegal to the extreme west.
261:
is 'Foreign Gaels' and although it can in theory mean any Gael of foreign origin, it was used of Gaels (i.e. Gaelic-speakers) with some kind of Norse identity. This term is subject to a large range of variations depending on chronological and geographical differences in the
452:
word austr or east. The Ostmen were regarded as a separate group from the
English and Irish and were accorded privileges and rights to which the Irish were not entitled. They lived in distinct localities; in Dublin they lived outside the city walls on the north bank of the
616:, it may have been the land taking of Grímur and his followers that caused the anchorites to leave... the nickname Kamban is probably Gaelic and one interpretation is that the word refers to some physical handicap (the first part of the name originating in the Old Gaelic
424:. Sporadic raids then continued until 832, after which they began to build fortified settlements throughout the country. Norse raids continued throughout the 10th century, but resistance to them increased. The Norse established independent kingdoms in
54:
1202:
The
Gallgaedil of 12th-century Galloway appear to have been predominantly Gaelic-speakers...remained a people separate from the Scots...Their separateness seems to have been established not by language but by their links with Man, Dublin, and the
266:, e.g. Gall Gaidel, Gall Gaidhel, Gall Gaidheal, Gall Gaedil, Gall Gaedhil, Gall Gaedhel, Gall Goidel, Gall Ghaedheil, etc. The modern term in Irish is Gall-Ghaeil or Gall-Ghaedheil, while the Scottish Gaelic is Gall-Ghàidheil.
447:
The term Ostmen was used between the 12th and 14th centuries by the
English in Ireland to refer to Norse–Gaelic people living in Ireland. Meaning literally "the men from the east" (i.e. Scandinavia), the term came from the
715:
Even today, many surnames particularly connected with
Gaeldom are of Old Norse origin, especially in the Hebrides and Isle of Man. Several Old Norse words also influenced modern Scots English and Scottish Gaelic, such as
479:, whose sway lasted until the 16th century, as well as many other Gaelic rulers of Scotland and Ireland, traced their descent from Norse–Gaelic settlements in northwest Scotland, concentrated mostly in the
2390:
1637:
351:
colonies of
Ireland and Scotland, the descendants of intermarriage between Norse immigrants and the Gaels. As early as the 9th century, many colonists (except the
1660:
1125:
3043:
3023:
636:). Probably he came as a young man to the Faroe Islands by way of Viking Ireland, and local tradition has it that he settled at Funningur in Eysturoy.
131:
2440:
1766:
1761:
1701:
1345:
2944:
3038:
1979:
1630:
3033:
411:
111:
3028:
1228:
1195:
2362:
3053:
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1623:
1582:
1563:
1544:
1525:
1506:
1268:
2819:
1751:
1324:
269:
The Norse–Gaels often called themselves Ostmen or
Austmen, meaning East-men, a name preserved in a corrupted form in the
2415:
1929:
1797:
502:, 'the islands of foreigners'; the irony of this being that they are one of the last strongholds of Gaelic in Scotland.
645:
1893:
1706:
2890:
2860:
2718:
2555:
2551:
755:
277:
which comes from
Austmanna-tún (homestead of the Eastmen). In contrast, they called Gaels Vestmenn (West-men) (see
240:
2236:
1994:
1726:
1721:
890:
415:
2620:
2304:
2256:
1756:
1256:
1130:
444:. These kingdoms did not survive the subsequent Norman invasions, but the towns continued to grow and prosper.
177:
and disappeared as a distinct group. However, they left a lasting influence, especially in the Isle of Man and
87:
2925:
2885:
2517:
2450:
2435:
1832:
1604:
612:
According to the
Faereyinga Saga... the first settler in the Faroe Islands was a man named Grímur Kamban –
2841:
2713:
2547:
2460:
2400:
2062:
1944:
1776:
1731:
1398:
842:
2870:
2590:
2528:
2180:
2136:
1741:
1646:
1090:
900:
793:
693:
539:
470:
364:
115:
2910:
2595:
2023:
231:, which were used extensively until the 17th century. Norse–Gaelic surnames survive today and include
3018:
2974:
2895:
2706:
2701:
2455:
2430:
2395:
2211:
1878:
1853:
1771:
1716:
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594:
143:
42:
2733:
2615:
2585:
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2470:
2425:
2355:
2068:
2034:
1898:
1888:
1883:
1822:
779:
332:
1817:
211:) emerged from these Norse–Gaelic clans and became an important part of Irish warfare. The Viking
2969:
2880:
2630:
2231:
2216:
2121:
2016:
1736:
775:
671:
667:
666:"enemies", and argued that this became "brave enemies" > "brave warriors". He also noted that
476:
263:
71:
1984:
1376:
681:
546:
by the Norse included many Norse–Gael settlers as well as slaves and servants. They were called
1282:
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1903:
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1185:
1145:
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1085:
837:
807:
517:
395:
155:
2920:
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2485:
2420:
2221:
2159:
2083:
1989:
1934:
1827:
886:
787:
783:
605:
159:
574:
2915:
2723:
2676:
2639:
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1959:
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194:
163:
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1326:
Keltische Beiträge III, in: Zeitschrift für deutsches
Alterthum und deutsche Litteratur
1100:
566:
555:
278:
236:
178:
167:
79:
628:
Crooked Nose), another that it may point to his prowess as a sportsman (presumably of
3012:
2979:
2836:
2773:
2671:
2533:
2324:
2309:
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2149:
2101:
1964:
1495:
1303:
833:
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376:
244:
182:
174:
119:
2963:
2905:
2653:
2600:
2319:
2144:
1974:
1792:
1746:
1171:
Hiberno-Norwegians and Anglo-Danes:anachronistic ethnicities and Viking-Age England
1075:
941:
936:
882:
815:
803:
649:
454:
372:
226:
198:
139:
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2782:
2749:
2405:
1949:
1858:
1711:
2763:
2753:
2693:
2565:
1812:
1110:
1095:
601:. A number of placenames named after the papar exist on Iceland and the Faroes.
437:
387:
340:
336:
202:
186:
151:
135:
656:
came from the heritage of the Norse–Gaels. He suggested the name of the heroic
2445:
2106:
1115:
1079:
386:
era of the 12th century. They founded long-lasting kingdoms, such as those of
103:
1485:
17:
2900:
2809:
2741:
2646:
2480:
2289:
2154:
2116:
2056:
1939:
1393:
McCone, Kim (2013). "The Celts: questions of nomenclature and identity", in
759:
551:
486:
458:
449:
429:
282:
274:
190:
127:
53:
2575:
1610:
1411:
1599:
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2190:
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2073:
1969:
1954:
1868:
1038:
1024:
1016:
979:
946:
929:
916:
894:
562:
480:
441:
382:
Gaelicised Scandinavians dominated the region of the Irish Sea until the
352:
212:
147:
99:
1615:
1518:
The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 1100 – c. 1336
2126:
2091:
2010:
1919:
910:
855:
821:
811:
608:, seen as the founder of the Norse Faroes, may have been a Norse Gael:
570:
547:
531:
527:
433:
383:
356:
218:
107:
1247:, in Scottish Society in the Fifteenth Century, ed. J. M. Brown, 1977.
457:
in Ostmentown, a name which survives to this day in corrupted form as
320:
Skuldelev II, a Viking warship built in the Norse–Gaelic community of
2796:
2778:
1924:
1135:
878:
865:
658:
590:
561:
A number of Icelandic personal names are of Gaelic origin, including
535:
425:
348:
321:
270:
1261:
Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland
367:
as well as many Gaelic customs. Many left their original worship of
2950:
2801:
2501:
2371:
1150:
870:“the fair” (possibly in reference to someone with Norse ancestry)
700:
582:
578:
523:
360:
331:
315:
232:
123:
95:
1207:, the Hebrides: they were part of a Hiberno-Norse Irish-Sea world
420:
The Norse are first recorded in Ireland in 795 when they sacked
162:(which is named after them), and briefly (939–944 AD) ruled the
2344:
1619:
1362:
The thumb of knowledge in legends of Finn, Sigurd, and Taliesin
1221:
Early People of Britain and Ireland: An Encyclopedia, Volume II
1459:
the option favoured by early Scottish sources writing in Latin
538:
and is given weight by recent archaeological discoveries. The
1472:
Downham, Clare (2009). "Hiberno-Norwegians and Anglo-Danes".
724:(a word still used in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland).
772:(confused with native Gaelic Mac Amhlaidh, Mac Amhalghaidh)
181:, where most placenames are of Norse–Gaelic origin. Several
703:), while linguist Kim McCone derives it from Proto-Celtic
534:
before the Norse. This appears to tie in with comments of
59:
Regions of Scotland, Ireland and Man settled by the Norse
2340:
1329:(in German). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. pp. 15ff.
497:
216:
1219:
Valante, Mary (2008). Snyder, Christopher A. (ed.).
983:(confused with native Gaelic Amhlaidh, Amhalghaidh)
632:
hurley – where the initial syllable also comes from
2933:
2852:
2732:
2692:
2685:
2629:
2494:
2378:
2280:
2199:
2173:
2135:
2082:
2003:
1912:
1846:
1785:
1694:
1653:
398:, as well as taking control of the Norse colony at
1494:
166:. The most powerful Norse–Gaelic dynasty were the
27:Extinct people of mixed Gaelic and Norse heritage
2391:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
997:Gorrie (Godfrey, Godfred), Orree (Isle of Man)
610:
515:
1344:harvp error: no target: CITEREFScowcroft1995 (
2356:
1631:
8:
201:. The elite mercenary warriors known as the
173:Over time, the Norse–Gaels became ever more
94:, 'foreigner-Gaels') were a people of mixed
1497:The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings
1412:"Surname Database: Gannon Last Name Origin"
604:According to some circumstantial evidence,
550:(Western men), and the name is retained in
256:
224:
206:
2729:
2689:
2363:
2349:
2341:
1638:
1624:
1616:
1126:List of rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles
102:ancestry and culture. They emerged in the
1383:. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 412.
1339:
1223:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 430–31.
1078:, a sacred grove near Dublin targeted by
339:'s impression of a Norse–Gaelic ruler of
1190:. Oxford University Press. p. 573.
958:
731:
597:, an Icelandic village, was named after
126:. The Norse–Gaels dominated much of the
1381:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
1366:, New York: Institute of French Studies
1161:
686:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
2441:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
1767:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland
1611:Norse History of Clan Gunn of Scotland
1283:"Old Norse Forms of Early Irish Names"
492:The Hebrides are to this day known in
7:
1318:
1316:
662:was an Irish rendering of Old Norse
288:Other terms for the Norse–Gaels are
1577:. Ashbourne, Derbyshire: Landmark.
1436:McKittrick Name Meaning and History
1021:Ranald (Ronald, Randall, Reginald)
25:
185:have Norse–Gaelic roots, such as
3024:Medieval ethnic groups of Europe
2993:
2992:
1980:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial
1894:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)
1598:
1537:Early Medieval Ireland, 400–1200
818:, McCorkle, McQuorkell, McOrkil
52:
41:
1520:. East Linton: Tuckwell Press.
1448:Mcleod Name Meaning and History
1187:Wales and the Britons, 350–1064
1184:Charles-Edwards, T. M. (2013).
849:Mac DubhGhaill, Ó DubhGhaill,
790:, MacCamley, McCamley, Kewley
375:, and this contributed to the
347:The Norse–Gaels originated in
1:
1416:The Internet Surname Database
674:is similar to the Norse tale
412:History of Ireland (800–1169)
325:
3044:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)
1516:McDonald, R. Andrew (1997).
852:Doyle, McDowell, MacDougal
558:off the Icelandic mainland.
1742:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother
359:) intermarried with native
215:also influenced the Gaelic
3070:
3039:Society of the Isle of Man
2282:Associated clans and septs
1558:. Edinburgh: John Donald.
1535:Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí (1995).
1480:. University of Aberdeen.
1450:Retrieved on 23 April 2008
1438:Retrieved on 23 April 2008
1302:Schei, Liv Kjørsvik &
648:(1891) suggested that the
624:Crooked-Mouth and Cameron
468:
409:
300:for those in Ireland, and
3034:Ethnic groups in Scotland
2988:
1762:Margaret, Queen of Norway
1722:Gormflaith ingen Murchada
1358:Scott, Robert D. (1930),
1323:Zimmer, Heinrich (1891).
1263:. Edinburgh. Mainstream.
1245:The Lordship of the Isles
1174:. University of Aberdeen.
614:Hann bygdi fyrstr Færeyar
416:Early Scandinavian Dublin
3029:Ethnic groups in Ireland
2621:Gaelic Christian mission
1757:Margaret, Maid of Norway
1707:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona
1556:The Lordship of Galloway
1395:Ireland and its Contacts
1281:Scott, Brian M. (2003).
1131:Diocese of Sodor and Man
620:crooked, as in Campbell
2891:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
2451:Jacobite rising of 1745
1833:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson
1752:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb
926:MacKitrick, McKittrick
720:(child) from the Norse
308:for those in Scotland.
75:
1777:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir
1554:Oram, Richard (2000).
1493:Haywood, John (1995).
1399:University of Lausanne
711:Modern names and words
638:
554:in the Faroes and the
516:
514:It is recorded in the
510:Iceland and the Faroes
498:
344:
329:
257:
225:
217:
207:
122:and intermarried with
91:
83:
3054:Scandinavian Scotland
3049:Viking Age in Ireland
2926:An Coimisinéir Teanga
2886:An Comunn Gàidhealach
2591:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
2181:Scottish island names
2004:Artifacts and culture
1681:Mormaers of Caithness
1647:Scandinavian Scotland
1573:Scholes, Ron (2000).
1474:Mediaeval Scandinavia
1091:Old English (Ireland)
814:, Corkhill, Corkell,
540:settlement of Iceland
471:Scandinavian Scotland
335:
319:
2975:Kingdom of the Isles
2896:Seachtain na Gaeilge
2861:Údarás na Gaeltachta
2616:Insular Christianity
2431:Plantation of Ulster
2396:High King of Ireland
2200:Battles and treaties
1854:Kingdom of the Isles
1772:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
1727:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir
1717:Cacht ingen Ragnaill
1607:at Wikimedia Commons
762:, Castell, Caistell
298:Hiberno-Scandinavian
160:Lordship of Galloway
146:(which included the
144:Kingdom of the Isles
2471:Highland Clearances
2426:Flight of the Earls
2069:St Magnus Cathedral
1945:Cubbie Roo's Castle
1889:Davidian Revolution
1732:Helga Moddansdóttir
1702:Aud the Deep-Minded
1539:. London: Longman.
1501:. London: Penguin.
1063:Torkill, Þorketill
1034:Sorley (or Samuel)
692:from reconstructed
688:, derives the name
343:, Lord of the Isles
245:[Mac]Cotter
142:. They founded the
2970:Kingdom of Munster
2911:Comunn na Gàidhlig
2881:Conradh na Gaeilge
2518:Lebor Gabála Érenn
2063:Sen dollotar Ulaid
2017:Chronicles of Mann
1737:Ingeborg of Norway
672:Thumb of Knowledge
530:(Gaelic monks) in
477:Lords of the Isles
345:
330:
170:or House of Ivar.
112:settled in Ireland
3006:
3005:
2941:Haplogroup R-M269
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2581:Gaelic folk music
2544:Gaelic literature
2338:
2337:
2305:Macaulay of Lewis
1838:Thorstein the Red
1786:Other notable men
1603:Media related to
1308:The Faroe Islands
1146:Lords of Galloway
1141:Lord of the Isles
1086:Scandinavian York
1067:
1066:
952:
951:
808:Clan McCorquodale
630:camóige / camaige
371:and converted to
156:Kingdom of Dublin
134:regions from the
16:(Redirected from
3061:
2996:
2995:
2934:Related subjects
2921:Clans of Ireland
2871:Bòrd na Gàidhlig
2866:Foras na Gaeilge
2730:
2714:Medical families
2690:
2661:Classical Gaelic
2586:Sean-nós singing
2529:Gaelic astrology
2512:Gaelic mythology
2421:Statutes of Iona
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
1995:St Magnus Church
1990:Scar boat burial
1935:Brough of Birsay
1828:Sweyn Asleifsson
1823:Ragnall ua Ímair
1640:
1633:
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1617:
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1391:
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1384:
1379:(2009). "wēnā".
1377:Matasović, Ranko
1373:
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1356:
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1340:Scowcroft (1995)
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1234:
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1082:in the year 1000
973:Norse equivalent
959:
732:
684:, author of the
522:that there were
521:
501:
363:and adopted the
327:
260:
230:
222:
210:
56:
45:
35:Norse settlement
21:
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2984:
2929:
2916:Columba Project
2854:
2848:
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2728:
2681:
2677:Scottish Gaelic
2640:Primitive Irish
2625:
2556:Scottish Gaelic
2490:
2416:Nine Years' War
2379:General history
2374:
2369:
2339:
2334:
2276:
2272:Treaty of Perth
2195:
2169:
2131:
2078:
2051:Orkneyinga saga
2045:Manx runestones
1999:
1985:Rubha an Dùnain
1960:Kirkwall Castle
1930:Bishop's Palace
1908:
1842:
1781:
1690:
1676:Lords of Argyll
1666:Earls of Orkney
1649:
1644:
1595:
1585:
1575:Yorkshire Dales
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1243:Bannerman, J.,
1242:
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1231:
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1217:
1213:
1198:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1168:Clare Downham.
1167:
1163:
1159:
1121:Kings of Dublin
1106:Faroe Islanders
1072:
982:
968:Anglicised form
957:
771:
741:Anglicised form
730:
713:
682:Ranko Matasović
654:Irish mythology
646:Heinrich Zimmer
643:
512:
494:Scottish Gaelic
473:
467:
418:
410:Main articles:
408:
365:Gaelic language
355:who settled in
314:
264:Gaelic language
255:The meaning of
253:
195:Clan MacDougall
164:Kingdom of York
88:Scottish Gaelic
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63:
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37:
36:
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279:Vestmannaeyjar
273:area known as
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187:Clan MacDonald
183:Scottish clans
179:Outer Hebrides
140:12th centuries
92:Gall-Ghàidheil
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1661:List of kings
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1304:Gunnie Moberg
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707:(wild ones).
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587:Muircheartach
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544:Faroe Islands
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422:Lambay Island
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385:
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377:Gaelicisation
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55:
44:
30:
19:
18:Gall Gaidheil
2964:Clan MacLeod
2955:
2906:ULTACH Trust
2787:Corcu Loígde
2659:
2654:Middle Irish
2652:
2645:
2638:
2601:Gaelic games
2552:Modern Irish
2516:
2461:Great Hunger
2145:Middle Irish
2061:
2049:
2024:Darraðarljóð
2022:
2015:
1975:Old Scatness
1863:
1793:Caittil Find
1747:Isabel Bruce
1574:
1555:
1536:
1517:
1496:
1477:
1473:
1466:Bibliography
1455:
1443:
1431:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:
1406:
1394:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1359:
1354:
1335:
1325:
1307:
1298:
1288:22 September
1286:. Retrieved
1276:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1239:
1220:
1214:
1204:
1201:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1164:
1076:Caill Tomair
972:
967:
962:
923:Mac Shitrig
883:Clan MacIver
875:Mac Ìomhair
816:McCorkindale
804:McCorquodale
770:Mac Amhlaibh
752:Mac Asgaill
745:
740:
735:
721:
717:
714:
704:
696:
694:Proto-Celtic
689:
685:
675:
663:
657:
650:Fianna Cycle
644:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
611:
603:
560:
513:
504:
491:
485:
474:
455:River Liffey
446:
419:
381:
373:Christianity
346:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
287:
268:
254:
199:Clan MacLeod
172:
132:Scottish Sea
67:
65:
29:
3019:Norse-Gaels
2956:Norse–Gaels
2806:Dál nAraidi
2791:Dál Fiatach
2764:Dalcassians
2754:Clan Donald
2566:Gaelic type
2548:Early Irish
2262:Vestrajǫrðr
2237:Isle of Man
1913:Archaeology
1813:Olvir Rosta
1605:Norse-Gaels
1096:Clan Donald
1037:Sumarliði (
680:. Linguist
518:Landnámabók
337:R. R. McIan
306:Scoto-Norse
302:Norse-Scots
290:Norse-Irish
258:Gall-Goídil
208:gallóglaigh
203:gallowglass
152:Isle of Man
116:in Scotland
84:Gall-Ghaeil
76:Gall-Goídil
68:Norse–Gaels
3013:Categories
2774:Eóganachta
2750:Clan Colla
2507:Brehon law
2456:Penal Laws
2446:Jacobitism
2315:MacDougall
2310:Mac Coitir
2212:Brunanburh
2107:Lunnasting
1584:1901522415
1565:0859765415
1546:0582015669
1527:1898410852
1508:0140513280
1310:. Birlinn.
1269:1840183764
1205:Innsi Gall
1157:References
1116:Icelanders
1080:Brian Boru
1031:Somhairle
913:, Crennel
829:Mac Coitir
780:MacAuliffe
499:Innse Gall
369:Norse gods
227:longa fada
175:Gaelicised
120:Gaelicised
104:Viking Age
2901:Gael Linn
2814:Cíarraige
2810:Conmaicne
2783:Dál Riata
2758:Uí Mháine
2742:Connachta
2724:Genealogy
2647:Old Irish
2481:Gaeltacht
2406:Dál Riata
2330:MacDonald
2300:Somhairle
2174:Etymology
2155:Old Norse
2117:Sandsting
2057:Ounceland
1950:Earl's Bu
1940:Camas Uig
1859:Dál Riata
1798:Ingimundr
1486:0076-5864
955:Forenames
937:Mac Leòid
822:Þorketill
760:McCaskill
756:MacAskill
746:"Son of-"
677:Fáfnismál
641:Mythology
552:Vestmanna
487:Clan Gunn
459:Oxmantown
450:Old Norse
430:Waterford
283:Vestmanna
275:Oxmantown
241:MacAskill
191:Clan Gunn
128:Irish Sea
72:Old Irish
2998:Category
2960:Uí Ímair
2837:Scottish
2746:Uí Néill
2719:Nobility
2631:Language
2325:Macruari
2295:Uí Ímair
2232:Epiphany
2217:Clontarf
2191:Hebrides
2137:Language
2122:Tingwall
2097:Dingwall
2084:Althings
2074:Udal law
2035:Hogbacks
1970:Maeshowe
1955:Jarlshof
1899:Scotland
1884:Shetland
1869:Lochlann
1803:Ljótólfr
1686:Uí Ímair
1421:29 April
1271:. p. 104
1070:See also
1060:Torquil
1057:Torcuil
1039:Somerled
1025:Rögnvald
1017:Raghnall
1000:Godfrið
994:Goraidh
980:Amhlaibh
930:Sigtrygg
917:Rögnvald
895:McKeever
891:MacGyver
776:MacAulay
728:Surnames
626:Camshron
622:Caimbeul
575:Kormákur
542:and the
481:Hebrides
465:Scotland
442:Limerick
396:Galloway
213:longship
168:Uí Ímair
150:and the
148:Hebrides
2958:(incl.
2853:Related
2804:(incl.
2781:(incl.
2766:(incl.
2744:(incl.
2320:MacLeod
2252:Skyhill
2247:Renfrew
2160:Pictish
2127:Tynwald
2112:Nesting
2092:Delting
2011:Birlinn
1920:Bornish
1847:History
1306:(2003)
1259:(2000)
1052:Þormóð
1049:Norman
1046:Tormod
1005:Ìomhar
942:MacLeod
911:Crellin
897:, etc.
887:MacIvor
879:MacIver
856:Dubgall
838:Cottier
812:Corkill
765:Áskell
571:Kjartan
548:Vestmen
532:Iceland
528:culdees
434:Wexford
406:Ireland
357:Cumbria
312:History
237:MacIvor
219:birlinn
154:), the
118:became
108:Vikings
106:, when
2820:Ulster
2812:, and
2797:Laigin
2793:, etc)
2779:Érainn
2760:, etc)
2596:Am Mòd
2576:Fáinne
2558:&
2222:Dollar
1925:Birsay
1904:Norway
1874:Orkney
1712:Bjaðǫk
1654:Rulers
1581:
1562:
1543:
1524:
1505:
1484:
1401:. p.26
1267:
1227:
1194:
1136:Galley
963:Gaelic
866:Gannon
834:Cotter
788:Cawley
784:Cowley
736:Gaelic
705:*wēnnā
690:fíanna
664:fiandr
659:fianna
591:Cormac
577:(from
567:Brjánn
536:Dicuil
426:Dublin
394:, and
392:Dublin
384:Norman
349:Viking
322:Dublin
271:Dublin
243:, and
158:, the
96:Gaelic
2951:Celts
2802:Ulaid
2768:Déisi
2707:Kings
2694:Irish
2686:Clans
2667:Irish
2611:Túath
2502:Ogham
2372:Gaels
2242:Largs
2227:Barry
2207:Bauds
1151:Papar
1008:Ivor
989:Ólaf
947:Ljótr
843:Óttar
718:bairn
701:troop
697:*wēnā
583:Brian
579:Niall
563:Njáll
524:papar
361:Gaels
353:Norse
328:1042)
233:Doyle
124:Gaels
100:Norse
80:Irish
2962:and
2842:List
2734:List
2672:Manx
2560:Manx
2411:Alba
2290:Gunn
2257:Tara
2150:Norn
1579:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1541:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1482:ISSN
1423:2024
1346:help
1290:2021
1265:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1192:ISBN
901:Ívar
794:Óláf
722:barn
668:Finn
634:camb
618:camb
589:and
573:and
475:The
440:and
438:Cork
414:and
400:York
388:Mann
281:and
251:Name
223:and
197:and
130:and
114:and
110:who
98:and
66:The
699:(a
670:'s
652:of
593:).
526:or
496:as
304:or
296:or
285:).
138:to
136:9th
3015::
2808:,
2789:,
2785:,
2756:,
2752:,
2748:,
2554:,
2550:,
1478:19
1476:.
1414:.
1397:.
1315:^
1200:.
1041:)
893:,
889:,
885:,
881:,
810:,
806:,
786:,
782:,
778:,
758:,
585:,
581:,
569:,
565:,
483:.
436:,
432:,
428:,
402:.
390:,
379:.
326:c.
292:,
247:.
239:,
235:,
193:,
189:,
90::
86:;
82::
78:;
74::
2966:)
2947:)
2943:(
2816:)
2770:)
2562:)
2546:(
2364:e
2357:t
2350:v
1639:e
1632:t
1625:v
1587:.
1568:.
1549:.
1530:.
1511:.
1488:.
1425:.
1348:)
1292:.
1233:.
324:(
205:(
70:(
20:)
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