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126:
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113:
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tegmen are not developed. In these, instead, close to the aedeagus, is a triangular basal outgrowth of the gonocoxites called the gonosterna. Supporting structures called apodema are located near the base of the genitalia in males; these are often equipped with two outgrowths. The ovipositor is short, lamelliform, or long, mobile, and in some species, acicular.
579:
within groups. The prothorax has sclerotized sternal spatula (most). The anus is terminal in the
Lestremiinae and paedogenetic in the Porricondylinae and ventral in other groups. The pupa is exarate (in a few species it is enclosed within the last instar larval integument). The anterior spiracle and anterior angle of antennal bases is prominent (most).
578:
The larva is peripneustic. The head is tiny, cone-shaped, and has two posterolateral extensions. The mouthparts are reduced, with minute styliform mandibles. The relatively prominent antennae are two-segmented. Integumental setae or papillae are important in taxonomy since they are constant in number
392:
alone to be in excess of 16,000 species, hinting at a staggering global count of over 1 million cecidomyiid species that have yet to be described, which would make it the most speciose single family in the entire animal kingdom. A second similar metabarcoding study performed in Costa Rica also found
574:
The genitalia of males consist of gonocoxites, gonostyles, aedeagus, and tergites 9 and 10. Lower (in the evolutionary sense) gall flies often have sclerotized parameres and a more or less transparent plate (the tegmen) located above theaedeagus-the tegmen. In higher gall flies, the parameres and
451:
or they are binodal, with a proximal node, an intermediate petiole and a distal node. Basal, medial, and apical whorls of hairs occur on the antennal segments. In some species, whorls of loop-shaped sensory filaments are also found, the basal or medial one sometimes being reduced. Some gall flies
472:
R1, R4+5, M3+4 and Cu1 are well developed in most species. The medial veins M1 and M2 are developed only in primitive groups, and the costa usually has a break just beyond vein R5. The legs are long and slender, without apical bristles. Gall midge larvae, and many adults, are orange or yellow in
315:
298:
1195:
Borkent, Art; Brown, Brian V.; Adler, Peter H.; Amorim, Dalton De Souza; Barber, Kevin; Bickel, Daniel; Boucher, Stephanie; Brooks, Scott E.; Burger, John; Burington, Z.L.; Capellari, Renato S.; Costa, Daniel N.R.; Cumming, Jeffrey M.; Curler, Greg; Dick, Carl W. (2018-03-27).
1611:
Jahn, GC and B. Khiev. 2004. Gall midge in
Cambodian lowland rice. pp. 71–76. In J. Benett, JS Bentur, IC Pasula, K. Krishnaiah, . New approaches to gall midge resistance in rice. Proceedings of the International Workshop, 22–24 November 1998, Hyderabad,
1628:
Huang, J., Ruifa Hu, Scott
Rozelle, Carl Pray. 2005. Insect-Resistant GM Rice in Farmers' Fields: Assessing Productivity and Health Effects in China. Science (29 April 2005) Vol. 308. no. 5722, pp. 688 – 690.
358:. Cecidomyiidae are very fragile small insects usually only 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in length; many are less than 1 mm (0.039 in) long. They are characterised by hairy wings, unusual in the
922:
are incapable of moving considerable distances, a substantial population of prey must be present before the adults lay eggs, and the
Cecidiomyiidae are most frequently seen during pest outbreaks. One species,
318:
301:
322:
321:
317:
316:
305:
304:
300:
299:
323:
306:
439:
Cecidomyiidae are minute to small (0.5–3.0 mm), rarely larger (up to 8 mm, wing length 15 mm) flies with a delicate appearance. Except for a few genera with reduced wings, the eyes are
1138:
Hebert, Paul D. N.; Ratnasingham, Sujeevan; Zakharov, Evgeny V.; Telfer, Angela C.; Levesque-Beaudin, Valerie; Milton, Megan A.; Pedersen, Stephanie; Jannetta, Paul; deWaard, Jeremy R. (2016-09-05).
393:
Cecidomyiidae to be the most diverse family of flies, supporting this assertion. A third metabarcoding study in 2023 concluded that
Cecidomyiidae are the single most diverse family collected from
481:
biosynthesis of carotenoids accounts for their characteristic color as opposed to dietary sequestration or endosymbionts. The genes responsible for carotenoid synthesis likely originate from
320:
303:
1253:
Srivathsan, Amrita; Ang, Yuchen; Heraty, John M.; Hwang, Wei Song; Jusoh, Wan F. A.; Kutty, Sujatha
Narayanan; Puniamoorthy, Jayanthi; Yeo, Darren; Roslin, Tomas; Meier, Rudolf (2023).
373:
in which the larval stage reproduces without maturing first. In some species, the daughter larvae consume the mother, while in others, reproduction occurs later on in the egg or pupa.
452:
have only one (basal) whorl of hairs on the antennal segments, and the sensoria (transparent sensory appendages) differ in size and shape. The filaments are thread-like in the
1659:
Kolesik, P. (2014) A review of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) of
Australia and Papua New Guinea: Morphology, biology, classification and key to adults.
1625:
Heong, KL, YH Chen, DE Johnson, GC Jahn, M Hossain, RS Hamilton. 2005. Debate Over a GM Rice Trial in China. Letters. Science, Vol 310, Issue 5746, 231–233, 14 October 2005.
3903:
3942:
412:
1706:
1653:
Yukawa, J. (1971) A Revision of the
Japanese Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University 8: 1–203.
539:
447:
are notably long, with 12–14 segments, (sometimes fewer and up to 40 in some genera). The antennal segments either consist of a basal thickening and
3877:
3916:
1654:
319:
302:
551:
1114:
4057:
981:"A review of world Diallactiini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with the description of six new genera and seventeen new species"
1018:
1473:
Darvas, B., Skuhravá, M., Andersen, A., 2000, Agricultural dipteran pests of the
Palaearctic Region. In: Papp, L., Darvas, B. (Eds.).
3993:
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1515:
4014:
4062:
4052:
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1495:
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503:
3929:
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Los Baños (Philippines): International Rice
Research Institute and Indian Council of Agricultural Research. 195 p.
563:
515:
125:
3786:
3763:
527:
457:
397:
all around the world and are a dominant component of insect diversity, comprising about 20% of all species collected.
3856:
635:, a wheat pest, as the galls cause severe damage. Other important pests of this family are the wheat blossom midge
3947:
3869:
1692:
955:
491:
1416:
477:. Cecidomyiidae are among the very few animals which can synthesize carotenoids, but its unknown to what degree
3688:
482:
1364:"Carotenoids in unexpected places: Gall midges, lateral gene transfer, and carotenoid biosynthesis in animals"
1314:"Carnivores and carotenoids are associated with adaptive behavioural divergence in a radiation of gall midges"
706:
1198:"Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: Why inventory is a vital science"
384:
are described worldwide, though this is certainly an underestimate of the actual diversity of this family. A
799:
744:
729:
650:
606:
587:
787:
4042:
3703:
2867:
925:
793:
698:
637:
1072:
777:
468:, often as scales, and some species have macrotrichia. The number of longitudinal veins is reduced. Only
3978:
1552:
739:
664:
434:
3791:
1475:
Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera with Special Reference to Flies of Economic Importance
1450:
1313:
719:
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405:
4006:
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4019:
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658:
269:
120:
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980:
825:
618:
601:
1580:. Vol. IV: gall midges of ornamental plants and shrubs. Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd., London.
890:
A large number of gall midge species are natural enemies of other crop pests. Their larvae are
3965:
3812:
2213:
1616:
1511:
1491:
1391:
1383:
1294:
1227:
1219:
1177:
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1000:
880:
852:; it oviposits eggs into the flowers which develop into galls, thus reducing seed production.
465:
456:
and in all the Cecidomyiinae and take the form of long loops in the supertribe Cecidomyiidi).
448:
444:
366:
3908:
1646:
Mohn, E. 1966–1971. Cecidomyiidae (=Itonididae). Cecidomyiinae (part). In: Lindner, E. (Ed.)
1439:
Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition.Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision.
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2964:
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2431:
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1936:
1895:
1559:. Vol. I: gall midges of root and vegetable crops. Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd., London.
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848:
642:
453:
359:
255:
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2221:
2140:
2081:
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1944:
1842:
1601:. Vol. VII: gall midges of cereal crops. Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd., London. 261 p.
1172:
1139:
1088:
400:
3755:
1678:
1673:
1587:. Vol. VI: gall midges of miscellaneous crops. Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd., London.
1077:
Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology
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1850:
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884:
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250:
45:
1566:. Vol. II: gall midges of fodder crops. Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd., London.
1362:
Cobbs, Cassidy; Heath, Jeremy; Stireman, John O.; Abbot, Patrick (2013-08-01).
1279:
613:
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1987:
1979:
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1791:
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1526:
Impson, F. A. C., Kleinjan, C. A., Hoffmann, J. H., & Post, J. A. (2008).
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996:
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2776:
2713:
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2439:
2384:
2320:
2280:
2089:
1887:
1747:
1735:
1634:
1124:
868:
817:
spp. on sweet potato, yam, ginger, garlic, onions, taro tubers, and potato,
813:
804:
782:
469:
157:
137:
95:
1395:
1312:
Heath, Jeremy J.; Wells, Brenda; Cipollini, Don; Stireman, John O. (2013).
1298:
1231:
1181:
1155:
1004:
1684:
1608:. VIII: gall midges—miscellaneous. Crosby, Lockwood & Son Ltd., London
17:
3799:
3778:
3720:
3318:
3226:
2951:
2854:
2810:
2662:
2625:
2410:
2392:
1858:
1753:
1573:. Vol. III: gall midges of fruit. Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd., London.
911:
895:
891:
752:
593:
440:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2584:
1834:
1594:. Vol. V: gall midges of trees. Crosby Lockwood & Son Ltd., London.
1045:"A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World, Fourth Edition"
956:"A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World, Fourth Edition"
887:. All contain species which are actual or potential biological agents.
734:
724:
377:
335:
327:
Cecidomyiid oviposting into boreholes of bark beetles on a fallen beech
100:
75:
3804:
1451:"Guide to insects, arthropods, and molluscs of northern Dogon country"
1144:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3895:
3368:
2426:
1741:
1729:
1534:
in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 104(7-8), 247-249.
1413:
1412:. Vol. 1. Research Branch, Agriculture, Canada, Ottawa. pp. 257–292.
1408:
Gagné, R. J. 1981. Cecidomyiidae. In: McAlpine, J. F. et al. (eds.),
899:
714:
389:
167:
147:
3882:
3697:
1663:: 1–22. Subsequent hard copy: 2015. Austral Entomology, 54, 127–148.
1660:
3843:
4001:
919:
903:
683:
612:
600:
581:
411:
399:
381:
351:
347:
313:
296:
288:
1255:"Convergence of dominance and neglect in flying insect diversity"
369:. Some Cecidomyiids are also known for the strange phenomenon of
1488:
Agricultural insect pests of temperate regions and their control
772:
679:
464:. The wings are usually clear, rarely patterned. The wing bears
355:
3701:
2352:
1772:
1688:
1716:
362:
177:
1530:(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new biological control agent for
1490:
Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1987.
1140:"Counting animal species with DNA barcodes: Canadian insects"
1050:. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture
961:. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture
3830:
631:
Many species are economically significant, especially the
933:
programs for greenhouse crops and is widely sold in the
918:, which eat the eggs of other insects or mites. As the
1508:
Agricultural Insect Pests of tropics and their control
1073:"Pupal Paedogenesis in the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera).-I"
1107:
A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World
1437:
Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR
3710:
3649:
3640:
3618:
3609:
3566:
3535:
3526:
3485:
3476:
3411:
3338:
3293:
3284:
3256:
3191:
3133:
3038:
2999:
2963:
2886:
2822:
2788:
2725:
2704:
2695:
2686:
2645:
2592:
2583:
2570:
2529:
2472:
2383:
2374:
2279:
2258:
2249:
2212:
2179:
2148:
2139:
2113:
2020:
1999:
1978:
1969:
1927:
1870:
1825:
1816:
1790:
846:has been deployed against the invasive Australian
797:on ornamental figs, and the rosette gall midge (
2628:(scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
388:study published in 2016 estimated the fauna of
354:tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called
2165:(minute black scavenger flies, or dung midges)
1700:
1043:Gagné, Raymond J.; Jaschhof, Mathias (2017).
8:
855:Parasitoids hosted by Cecidomyiidae include
3698:
3646:
3615:
3532:
3482:
3473:
3290:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2589:
2580:
2576:
2380:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2349:
2255:
2246:
2209:
2145:
2136:
2110:
1975:
1966:
1924:
1822:
1813:
1787:
1783:
1769:
1707:
1693:
1685:
954:Gagné, Raymond; Jaschhof, Mathias (2017).
443:. The mouthparts are reduced. Cecidomyiid
111:
31:
1288:
1278:
1213:
1171:
3350:(blow-flies: bluebottles, greenbottles)
946:
487:
1510:Cambridge. University Press, New York
1648:Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region
1431:Mamaev, B.M. Family Cecidomyiidae in
1368:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1357:
1355:
1019:"University of California, Riverside"
7:
4007:B63F87EE-FFBA-E42E-FF37-06A8FCC4FEE2
3958:9c491aa7-8df1-4f72-8cad-3e11a15d2e1e
3870:09e7750f-2757-479e-a273-b194d8728c60
1477:. Science Herald, Budapest, 565–649.
1066:
1064:
545:Micromyini and Peromyiini wing veins
2813:(cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
1606:Gall midges of economic importance
1599:Gall midges of economic importance
1592:Gall midges of economic importance
1585:Gall midges of economic importance
1578:Gall midges of economic importance
1571:Gall midges of economic importance
1564:Gall midges of economic importance
1557:Gall midges of economic importance
1089:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1961.tb00259.x
293:A cecidomyiid laying eggs on grass
25:
1661:https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12100
557:Porricondylinae (most) wing veins
278:Cecidomyidae (common misspelling)
1338:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2012.01397.x
910:, then other small prey such as
668:), and African rice gall midge (
562:
550:
538:
526:
514:
502:
490:
350:of most gall midges feed within
124:
929:, is an important component of
807:stalks, Porricondylini spp. on
761:), and the brassica pod midge (
627:As a pest or biological control
1259:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1:
2497:(dagger flies, balloon flies)
1679:Family description and images
674:) attack grain crops such as
745:black locust tree gall midge
4058:Taxa named by Edward Newman
3689:List of families of Diptera
3321:(house flies, stable flies)
1380:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.012
1071:Wyatt, I. J. (2009-04-02).
898:. The most common prey are
894:, and some are reported as
682:and other countries of the
346:. As the name implies, the
4079:
2092:(dark-winged fungus gnats)
2084:(long-winged fungus gnats)
2071:(long-beaked fungus gnats)
1410:Manual of Nearctic Diptera
1280:10.1038/s41559-023-02066-0
743:) on the Leguminosae; the
656:. The millet grain midge (
432:
3686:
3472:
3166:(vinegar and fruit flies)
3076:(lekking, or druid flies)
2682:
2579:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2348:
2299:(long-bodied crane flies)
2245:
2208:
2135:
2109:
1965:
1923:
1812:
1786:
1782:
1768:
1724:
1215:10.11646/zootaxa.4402.1.3
997:10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.1
979:Mathias Jaschhof (2016).
275:
268:
232:
227:
121:Scientific classification
119:
110:
34:
2063:(predatory fungus gnats)
711:Thecodiplosis japonensis
509:Cecidomyiinae wing veins
483:horizontal gene transfer
460:are present only in the
2954:(black scavenger flies)
2315:(hairy-eyed craneflies)
2232:(primitive crane flies)
1990:(march flies, lovebugs)
1635:10.1126/science.1108972
859:(Opiinae, Euphorinae),
800:Rhopalomyia solidaginis
651:African rice gall midge
607:Rhopalomyia solidaginis
588:Asphondylia solidaginis
569:Winnertziini wing veins
521:Lasiopterini wing veins
4063:Taxa described in 1835
3596:(horse and deer flies)
2868:Strongylophthalmyiidae
2779:(picture-winged flies)
2307:(limoniid crane flies)
1156:10.1098/rstb.2015.0333
926:Aphidoletes aphidimyza
794:Horidiplosis ficifolii
749:Obolodiplosis robiniae
707:pine needle gall midge
699:Soybean pod gall midge
638:Sitodiplosis mosellana
623:
610:
598:
533:Lestremiini wing veins
485:from a fungal donor.
425:
409:
328:
311:
294:
4053:Gall-inducing insects
3979:Paleobiology Database
3182:(frightful hairy fly)
3011:(beetle-backed flies)
2549:(tangle-veined flies)
2434:(hilarimorphid flies)
2395:(flower-loving flies)
2224:(phantom crane flies)
1486:Dennis S. Hill, 1987
1318:Ecological Entomology
1105:; M. Jaschof (2021).
833:spp. on oranges, and
788:Resseliella theobaldi
665:Contarinia sorghicola
643:Asian rice gall midge
616:
604:
585:
435:Morphology of Diptera
415:
403:
326:
310:Cecidomyiid in copula
309:
292:
3865:Fauna Europaea (new)
3513:(wood soldier flies)
3363:(New Zealand batfly)
3313:(little house flies)
2805:(stilt-legged flies)
2716:(thick-headed flies)
2612:(spear-winged flies)
2541:(small-headed flies)
2270:(winter crane flies)
1845:(frog-biting midges)
1576:Barnes, H.F. 1948b.
1569:Barnes, H.F. 1948a.
1562:Barnes, H.F. 1946b.
1528:Dasineura rubiformis
844:Dasineura rubiformis
758:Contarinia nasturtii
703:Asphondylia yushimai
689:Other pests are the
497:Catochini wing veins
418:Contarinia nasturtii
41:Late Jurassic–Recent
4048:Nematocera families
3578:(water snipe flies)
3099:(upside-down flies)
2636:(flat-footed flies)
2620:(flat-footed flies)
2489:(long-legged flies)
2323:(large crane flies)
1939:(net-winged midges)
1906:(non-biting midges)
1681:at delta-intkey.com
1674:Diptera.info images
1604:Nijveldt, W. 1969.
1597:Barnes, H.F. 1956.
1590:Barnes, H.F. 1951.
1583:Barnes, H.F. 1949.
1506:Dennis S Hill 1987
1330:2013EcoEn..38...11H
1271:2023NatEE...7.1012S
778:Contarinia pyrivora
764:Dasineura brassicae
691:coffee flower midge
3247:(freeloader flies)
3050:(leaf miner flies)
2990:(small dung flies)
2834:(stalk-eyed flies)
2657:(big-headed flies)
2115:Perissommatomorpha
1945:Deuterophlebiidae
1929:Blephariceromorpha
1455:dogonlanguages.org
1419:2013-12-01 at the
1150:(1702): 20150333.
1083:(10–12): 133–143.
931:biological control
791:) on fruit crops;
740:Dasineura ignorata
671:Orseolia oryzivora
662:), sorghum midge (
659:Geromyia penniseti
624:
611:
599:
591:, pupa in gall in
426:
410:
329:
312:
295:
4030:
4029:
3966:Open Tree of Life
3704:Taxon identifiers
3695:
3694:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3636:
3635:
3605:
3604:
3597:
3579:
3558:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3495:Pantophthalmidae
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3398:
3390:
3372:
3364:
3351:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3248:
3235:
3222:
3214:
3201:Acartophthalmidae
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3150:(quasimodo flies)
3100:
3077:
3069:
3051:
3020:
3012:
2991:
2955:
2947:
2899:
2858:
2835:
2814:
2806:
2780:
2772:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2717:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2666:
2658:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2511:
2498:
2490:
2464:
2456:
2443:
2435:
2422:
2414:
2396:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2290:
2271:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2214:Ptychopteromorpha
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2166:
2131:
2130:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2072:
2069:Lygistorrhinidae
2064:
2046:
2031:
2012:
1991:
1961:
1960:
1948:
1947:(mountain midges)
1940:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1882:(solitary midges)
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1837:(meniscus midges)
1808:
1807:
1433:Bei-Bienko, G. Ya
1116:978-0-9863941-3-3
881:Trichogrammatidae
842:In South Africa,
720:Contarinia lentis
695:Dasyneura coffeae
406:Catocha americana
386:DNA metabarcoding
324:
307:
287:
286:
223:
16:(Redirected from
4070:
4023:
4022:
4010:
4009:
3997:
3996:
3987:
3986:
3974:
3973:
3961:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3938:
3937:
3935:NBNSYS0000159608
3925:
3924:
3912:
3911:
3899:
3898:
3886:
3885:
3873:
3872:
3860:
3859:
3847:
3846:
3834:
3833:
3821:
3820:
3808:
3807:
3795:
3794:
3782:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3759:
3758:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3699:
3660:
3647:
3616:
3611:Vermileonomorpha
3595:
3589:Pelecorhynchidae
3577:
3556:
3533:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3483:
3478:Stratiomyomorpha
3474:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3396:
3388:
3370:
3362:
3361:Mystacinobiidae
3356:Mesembrinellidae
3349:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3291:
3270:
3246:
3233:
3220:
3212:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3098:
3075:
3067:
3066:Aulacigastridae
3049:
3018:
3010:
2989:
2953:
2945:
2897:
2873:Syringogastridae
2856:
2833:
2812:
2804:
2798:Cypselosomatidae
2778:
2770:
2752:
2751:Platystomatidae
2744:
2736:
2715:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2664:
2656:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2590:
2581:
2577:
2548:
2540:
2509:
2496:
2488:
2463:(stiletto flies)
2462:
2454:
2441:
2433:
2432:Hilarimorphidae
2420:
2412:
2401:Apsilocephalidae
2394:
2381:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2350:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
2297:Cylindrotomidae
2289:
2288:
2284:
2269:
2256:
2247:
2231:
2223:
2210:
2190:
2164:
2158:Canthyloscelidae
2146:
2137:
2111:
2091:
2083:
2070:
2062:
2044:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2010:
1989:
1976:
1967:
1946:
1938:
1937:Blephariceridae
1925:
1905:
1897:
1896:Ceratopogonidae
1889:
1881:
1860:
1853:(phantom midges)
1852:
1844:
1836:
1823:
1814:
1788:
1784:
1770:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1686:
1535:
1524:
1518:
1504:
1498:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1429:
1423:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1265:(7): 1012–1021.
1250:
1244:
1243:
1217:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1175:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1109:(5th ed.).
1099:
1093:
1092:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1021:. Archived from
1015:
1009:
1008:
976:
970:
969:
967:
966:
960:
951:
686:in West Africa.
566:
554:
542:
530:
518:
506:
494:
376:More than 6,650
365:, and have long
325:
308:
221:
129:
128:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4018:
4013:
4005:
4000:
3992:
3990:
3982:
3977:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3954:
3946:
3941:
3933:
3928:
3920:
3915:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3889:
3881:
3876:
3868:
3863:
3855:
3850:
3842:
3837:
3829:
3824:
3816:
3811:
3803:
3798:
3790:
3785:
3777:
3775:
3767:
3762:
3754:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3666:
3642:Xylophagomorpha
3632:
3601:
3562:
3518:
3505:(soldier flies)
3452:
3407:
3397:(tachina flies)
3334:
3327:Scathophagidae
3305:(cabbage flies)
3276:
3252:
3206:Australimyzidae
3187:
3180:Mormotomyiidae
3129:
3097:Neurochaetidae
3034:
2995:
2988:Sphaeroceridae
2965:Sphaeroceroidea
2959:
2919:Heterocheilidae
2914:Helosciomyzidae
2882:
2818:
2784:
2771:(peacock flies)
2737:(flutter flies)
2721:
2670:
2641:
2610:Lonchopteridae
2554:
2525:
2503:Homalocnemiidae
2487:Dolichopodidae
2468:
2358:
2328:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2237:
2222:Ptychopteridae
2196:
2175:
2127:
2123:Perissommatidae
2097:
2082:Rangomaramidae
2027:
2026:
2024:
2016:
1995:
1957:
1911:
1898:(biting midges)
1866:
1843:Corethrellidae
1804:
1778:
1764:
1720:
1713:
1670:
1643:
1549:
1544:
1542:Further reading
1539:
1538:
1532:Acacia mearnsii
1525:
1521:
1505:
1501:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1430:
1426:
1421:Wayback Machine
1407:
1403:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1117:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1012:
978:
977:
973:
964:
962:
958:
953:
952:
948:
943:
849:Acacia mearnsii
839:spp. on limes.
647:Orseolia oryzae
629:
570:
567:
558:
555:
546:
543:
534:
531:
522:
519:
510:
507:
498:
495:
454:Porricondylinae
437:
431:
334:is a family of
314:
297:
256:Porricondylinae
220:
123:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:Family of flies
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4076:
4074:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4011:
3998:
3988:
3975:
3962:
3952:
3939:
3926:
3913:
3900:
3887:
3874:
3861:
3852:Fauna Europaea
3848:
3835:
3822:
3809:
3796:
3783:
3773:
3760:
3747:
3732:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3655:
3653:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3620:Vermileonoidea
3613:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3572:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3552:
3547:
3545:Austroleptidae
3541:
3539:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3508:
3503:Stratiomyidae
3500:
3497:(timber flies)
3491:
3489:
3487:Stratiomyoidea
3480:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3437:Nycteribiidae
3434:
3429:Hippoboscidae
3426:
3423:(tsetse flies)
3417:
3415:
3413:Hippoboscoidea
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3392:
3387:Sarcophagidae
3384:
3379:
3374:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3348:Calliphoridae
3344:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3308:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3264:Cryptochetidae
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3242:
3237:
3229:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3164:Drosophilidae
3161:
3153:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3115:Periscelididae
3112:
3107:
3102:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:Fergusoninidae
3079:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:Chamaemyiidae
3014:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2983:Nannodastiidae
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2753:(signal flies)
2748:
2745:(cheese flies)
2740:
2735:Pallopteridae
2731:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2660:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2604:(ironic flies)
2598:
2596:
2587:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:Nemestrinidae
2544:
2535:
2533:
2531:Nemestrinoidea
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2458:
2455:(window flies)
2450:
2448:Mythicomyiidae
2445:
2437:
2429:
2424:
2416:
2413:(robber flies)
2408:
2403:
2398:
2389:
2387:
2378:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2293:
2291:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:Trichoceridae
2264:
2262:
2260:Trichoceroidea
2253:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2141:Psychodomorpha
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2077:Mycetophilidae
2074:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:Cecidomyiidae
2040:
2038:Bolitophilidae
2034:
2032:
2028:(fungus gnats)
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1668:External links
1666:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1623:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1519:
1499:
1479:
1466:
1441:
1424:
1401:
1374:(2): 221–228.
1351:
1304:
1245:
1187:
1130:
1115:
1094:
1060:
1035:
1010:
991:(2): 201–244.
971:
945:
944:
942:
939:
906:, followed by
737:sprout midge (
730:C. medicaginis
727:flower midge (
717:flower midge (
628:
625:
572:
571:
568:
561:
559:
556:
549:
547:
544:
537:
535:
532:
525:
523:
520:
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511:
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427:
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59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4075:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4043:Cecidomyiidae
4041:
4040:
4038:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3994:cecidomyiidae
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3769:CECIDOMYIIDAE
3765:
3761:
3757:
3756:Cecidomyiidae
3752:
3748:
3743:
3742:Cecidomyiidae
3737:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3712:Cecidomyiidae
3709:
3705:
3700:
3690:
3685:
3663:
3659:Xylophagidae
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3651:Xylophagoidea
3648:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3628:Vermileonidae
3626:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3557:(snipe flies)
3553:
3551:
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3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3515:
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3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3431:(louse flies)
3427:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3389:(flesh flies)
3385:
3383:
3382:Rhinophoridae
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3303:Anthomyiidae
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:(lance flies)
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3221:(beach flies)
3217:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3174:(shore flies)
3170:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3154:
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3148:Curtonotidae
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
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3120:Teratomyzidae
3118:
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3043:
3041:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3025:Cremifaniidae
3023:
3021:
3019:(aphid flies)
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2986:
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2979:
2976:
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2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2946:(marsh flies)
2942:
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2939:Ropalomeridae
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2929:Natalimyzidae
2927:
2925:
2922:
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2845:Megamerinidae
2843:
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2830:
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2825:
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2809:
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2803:Micropezidae
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2644:
2638:
2634:Platypezidae
2632:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:Ironomyiidae
2600:
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2578:
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2551:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
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2519:
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2516:Oreogetonidae
2514:
2512:
2510:(dance flies)
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2480:
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2477:
2475:
2471:
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2453:Scenopinidae
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2444:
2442:(mydas flies)
2438:
2436:
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2423:
2417:
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2406:Apystomyiidae
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2319:
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2301:
2295:
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2287:(crane flies)
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2257:
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2234:
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2211:
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2171:Valeseguyidae
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2061:Keroplatidae
2059:
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2051:Diadocidiidae
2049:
2047:
2045:(gall midges)
2041:
2039:
2036:
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2023:
2019:
2013:
2009:Anisopodidae
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2001:Anisopodoidea
1998:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Bibionomorpha
1968:
1964:
1954:
1953:Nymphomyiidae
1951:
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1943:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
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1904:Chironomidae
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1900:
1894:
1892:
1890:(black flies)
1886:
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1878:
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1414:download here
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1025:on 2015-09-24
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935:United States
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917:
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908:scale insects
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851:
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820:Lestodiplosis
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473:color due to
471:
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450:
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442:
436:
428:
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420:
419:
414:
408:
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396:
395:malaise traps
391:
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383:
379:
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372:
368:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Cecidomyiidae
291:
280:
277:
276:
274:
271:
267:
262:
261:Winnertziinae
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
241:Cecidomyiinae
239:
237:
236:Catotrichinae
234:
233:
231:
226:
219:
218:Cecidomyiidae
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
204:Superfamily:
203:
202:
199:
198:Bibionomorpha
196:
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109:
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97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
35:Cecidomyiidae
33:
30:
19:
3711:
3584:Oreoleptidae
3576:Athericidae
3555:Rhagionidae
3550:Bolbomyiidae
3537:Rhagionoidea
3528:Tabanomorpha
3421:Glossinidae
3403:Ulurumyiidae
3329:(dung flies)
3269:Lonchaeidae
3257:Lonchaeoidea
3245:Milichiidae
3240:Inbiomyiidae
3234:(frit flies)
3232:Chloropidae
3156:Diastatidae
3125:Xenasteiidae
3056:Anthomyzidae
3048:Agromyzidae
3001:Lauxanioidea
2978:Heleomyzidae
2944:Sciomyzidae
2934:Phaeomyiidae
2924:Huttoninidae
2909:Helcomyzidae
2898:(kelp flies)
2888:Sciomyzoidea
2857:(rust flies)
2769:Tephritidae
2764:Richardiidae
2743:Piophilidae
2727:Tephritoidea
2697:Acalyptratae
2665:(hoverflies)
2539:Acroceridae
2419:Bombyliidae
2393:Apioceridae
2251:Tipulomorpha
2230:Tanyderidae
2191:(moth flies)
2189:Psychodidae
2181:Psychodoidea
2163:Scatopsidae
2150:Scatopsoidea
2042:
2011:(wood gnats)
1861:(mosquitoes)
1851:Chaoboridae
1818:Culicomorpha
1760:Holometabola
1758:Superorder:
1752:Infraclass:
1650:2(2): 1–248.
1647:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1553:Barnes, H.F.
1531:
1527:
1522:
1507:
1502:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1454:
1444:
1436:
1427:
1409:
1404:
1371:
1367:
1324:(1): 11–22.
1321:
1317:
1307:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1208:(1): 53–90.
1205:
1201:
1190:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1106:
1097:
1080:
1076:
1052:. Retrieved
1038:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:the original
1013:
988:
984:
974:
963:. Retrieved
949:
924:
904:spider mites
889:
873:Pteromalidae
854:
847:
843:
841:
836:Arthrocnodax
834:
830:
824:
818:
812:
808:
798:
792:
786:
785:cane midge (
776:
762:
756:
748:
738:
728:
718:
710:
702:
694:
688:
676:pearl millet
669:
663:
657:
654:O. oryzivora
653:
646:
636:
630:
617:
605:
592:
586:
577:
573:
478:
466:microtrichia
462:Lestremiinae
438:
416:
404:
375:
371:paedogenesis
343:
339:
331:
330:
246:Lestremiinae
228:Subfamilies
222:Newman, 1835
217:
194:Infraorder:
29:
3891:iNaturalist
3736:Wikispecies
3661:(awl flies)
3511:Xylomyidae
3447:(bat flies)
3445:Streblidae
3439:(bat flies)
3395:Tachinidae
3286:Calyptratae
3172:Ephydridae
3158:(bog flies)
3135:Ephydroidea
3068:(sap flies)
3040:Opomyzoidea
3030:Lauxaniidae
3009:Celyphidae
2973:Chyromyidae
2904:Dryomyzidae
2896:Coelopidae
2878:Tanypezidae
2688:Schizophora
2572:Muscomorpha
2482:Atelestidae
2461:Therevidae
2421:(bee flies)
2376:Asilomorpha
2313:Pediciidae
2305:Limoniidae
2056:Ditomyiidae
1988:Bibionidae
1980:Bibionoidea
1888:Simuliidae
885:Aphelinidae
861:Eurytomidae
831:Aphidoletes
733:), and the
633:Hessian fly
475:carotenoids
429:Description
423:cauliflower
340:gall midges
251:Micromyinae
4037:Categories
3594:Tabanidae
3568:Tabanoidea
3371:(botflies)
3369:Oestridae
3340:Oestroidea
3311:Fanniidae
3219:Canacidae
3213:(bee lice)
3211:Braulidae
3143:Camillidae
3110:Opomyzidae
3087:Marginidae
3074:Clusiidae
2863:Somatiidae
2850:Nothybidae
2832:Diopsidae
2824:Diopsoidea
2777:Ulidiidae
2759:Pyrgotidae
2714:Conopidae
2706:Conopoidea
2663:Syrphidae
2647:Syrphoidea
2618:Opetiidae
2508:Hybotidae
2495:Empididae
2474:Empidoidea
2356:Brachycera
2321:Tipulidae
2281:Tipuloidea
2090:Sciaridae
2022:Sciaroidea
1859:Culicidae
1827:Culicoidea
1800:Axymyiidae
1776:Nematocera
1746:Subclass:
1736:Arthropoda
1496:0521240131
1460:2022-10-20
1449:Heath, J.
1125:Q109561625
1103:R.J. Gagne
1054:2018-03-27
1029:2013-01-04
965:2018-04-29
941:References
912:whiteflies
877:Eupelmidae
865:Eulophidae
857:Braconidae
829:spp., and
826:Acaroletes
781:) and the
769:Cruciferae
649:) and the
619:Vitisiella
433:See also:
421:damage on
344:gall gnats
281:Itonididae
208:Sciaroidea
188:Nematocera
184:Suborder:
158:Arthropoda
18:Gall midge
3377:Rhiniidae
3319:Muscidae
3295:Muscoidea
3193:Carnoidea
3105:Odiniidae
3092:Neminidae
3061:Asteiidae
2952:Sepsidae
2855:Psilidae
2840:Gobryidae
2811:Neriidae
2790:Nerioidea
2626:Phoridae
2521:Ragadidae
2427:Evocoidae
2411:Asilidae
2385:Asiloidea
2354:Suborder
1774:Suborder
1748:Pterygota
1728:Kingdom:
1388:1055-7903
1224:1175-5334
1164:0962-8436
896:parasitic
892:predatory
869:Torymidae
814:Lestremia
805:goldenrod
783:raspberry
767:) on the
338:known as
144:Kingdom:
138:Eukaryota
3800:BugGuide
3776:BioLib:
3721:Wikidata
3227:Carnidae
2440:Mydidae
1835:Dixidae
1754:Neoptera
1734:Phylum:
1730:Animalia
1719:families
1641:Taxonomy
1547:Economic
1417:Archived
1396:23542649
1346:85218179
1299:37202502
1290:10333119
1240:13819313
1232:29690278
1182:27481785
1121:Wikidata
1005:27395622
594:Solidago
445:antennae
441:holoptic
380:and 830
367:antennae
270:Synonyms
214:Family:
154:Phylum:
148:Animalia
134:Domain:
3727:Q768519
2585:Aschiza
1742:Insecta
1740:Class:
1717:Diptera
1715:Extant
1555:1946a.
1435:, 1988
1326:Bibcode
1267:Bibcode
1202:Zootaxa
1173:4971185
985:Zootaxa
775:midge (
755:midge (
751:), the
735:alfalfa
725:lucerne
723:), the
713:), the
479:de novo
449:petiole
378:species
363:Diptera
178:Diptera
174:Order:
168:Insecta
164:Class:
4020:987174
3984:138665
3971:933819
3955:NZOR:
3922:122975
3909:100098
3844:1CECIF
1619:
1612:India.
1514:
1494:
1394:
1386:
1344:
1297:
1287:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1180:
1170:
1162:
1123:
1113:
1003:
920:larvae
916:thrips
900:aphids
883:, and
823:spp.,
809:Citrus
771:; the
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