878:
273:
42:
254:
1655:
2553:
1378:
Nella pronuncia il sanfratellano ha dei suoni che non trovano corrispondenza negli altri paesi galloitalici di
Sicilia. Ma un suono in particolare si dovrebbe tener presente e merita di essere descritto: si tratta del suono /ä/ <ä> Palatalizzata (ingl.: that, bad) che porta sempre l'accento
1293:
In
Sicilia (Trovato 1998) si tratta dei dialetti di almeno ventiquattro località. Trovato (2002) tuttavia riconosce come ancora schiettamente gallo-italici solo i dialetti che condividono, tra le altre isoglosse settentrionali (➔ isoglossa), la dittongazione in sillaba libera tonica o davanti a
579:"A wolf and a lamb, driven by thirst, had come to the same stream. The higher the wolf stopped, the lower the lamb was. Then that scoundrel, driven by his unbridled gluttony, sought a pretext for a fight. - "Why - he said - do you cloud the water I'm drinking?"
430:
Although Roger I took 30 years to take complete control of Sicily (from 1061 to 1091), by 1080 he had effective control of much of the island. During this conquest, some areas of central Sicily became depopulated as some, but far from all, of its
1350:
Per gentile concessione del prof. Mimmo
Bonfiglio. Tuttavia nella parlata corrente talune vocali aperte diventano chiuse e viceversa, così che oggi è più d'uso, per esempio, l'espressione "sova" che non "suva", e "sempo" piuttosto che
1009:
In some of these towns, the northern
Italian influence on the local varieties of Sicilian is marked; in others, the Lombard communities did not influence the local dialect. Similar communities have survived outside Sicily in
413:
1306:) in provincia di Messina; di Randazzo in provincia di Catania; di Nicosia, Sperlinga, Piazza Armerina e Aidone in provincia di Enna; di Ferla, Buccheri e Cassaro in provincia di Siracusa.
1231:
4806:
1419:
1698:
1643:
2917:
261:
1143:. Studi linguistici in memoria di Oronzo Perlangèli, 2 vol., Università degli Studi di Bari, Facoltà di Magistero, Galatina, Congedo Editore, 1976–1978.
3368:
2360:
1165:
435:
population was expelled. Roger and his Norman successors encouraged migration to the region, especially by those closely allied with the
3042:
2930:
1621:
4157:
1412:
421:
4217:
1636:
1284:
1245:
412:
4834:
3505:
3110:
2910:
2213:
1789:
4305:
4206:
482:
The spelling used is not that of phonetic writing, but the common spelling of
Italian adapted with the following additions:
4113:
3791:
558:
554:
2883:
Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.
1097:
Atti del 3° Convegno
Nazionale della Cultura Abruzzese; del VI Convegno del CSDI; del 948° Circolo Linguistico Fiorentino
4839:
4240:
3643:
1405:
1294:
palatale di ĕ ed ŏ latino: si tratta delle parlate di San
Fratello (con l'ex-frazione di Acquedolci), San Pietro Patti,
4681:
4119:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3017:
1629:
1565:
940:
509:
1150:, fondato da Giorgio Piccitto, 4 voll. Catania-Palermo, Centro di Studi Filologici Siciliani, 1977, 1985, 1990, 1997.
4402:
3974:
3409:
2967:
2903:
2416:
2005:
1170:
1121:, Atti del IX Convegno per gli Studi Dialettali Italiani. Lecce, 28 settembre - 1 ottobre 1972. Pisa, Pacini, 1974.
1015:
532:
528:
3901:
475:
To get an idea of these dialects and also of the differences they present between them, we propose the reading of
3989:
3510:
3351:
3318:
3066:
2995:
2977:
2960:
2955:
2945:
2229:
1738:
1605:
982:
120:
100:
4694:
4598:
3471:
3198:
3146:
2495:
2486:
1891:
1084:
IDEM, "Effetti della simbiosi linguistica nella parlata gallo-italica di Aidone, Nicosia e Novara di
Sicilia",
566:
543:
539:
503:
381:. These languages added to the Gallic influence of the developing Sicilian language (influences which included
4062:
3607:
3488:
3461:
3337:
3283:
2990:
2950:
2655:
2640:
2426:
2334:
2191:
2068:
1871:
948:
128:
115:
90:
877:
4780:
4176:
3996:
3360:
3012:
2781:
2613:
2131:
1540:
562:
378:
308:
195:
133:
4080:
3493:
2197:
4812:
4757:
4563:
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4211:
4189:
4008:
3831:
3300:
3256:
3203:
2844:
2693:
2040:
1899:
1847:
1837:
1479:
1448:
4476:
3444:
2163:
1209:
4762:
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4152:
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3590:
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3547:
3530:
3027:
2688:
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2590:
2582:
2436:
2296:
2250:
2103:
1991:
1690:
1674:
1484:
965:
397:
139:
4510:
4247:
4139:
4107:
4101:
3943:
3722:
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2770:
2635:
2596:
2340:
2317:
2095:
1986:
1819:
1794:
1580:
1303:
1014:
in southern Italy, which was subject to similar influences; the dialects spoken there are known as
995:
944:
932:
881:
842:
826:
476:
467:
3618:
479:' well-known fairy tale "The Wolf and the Lamb", translated into the main Gallo-Italian dialects.
4752:
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4337:
4295:
4261:
4255:
4145:
4088:
4045:
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3766:
3759:
3653:
3595:
3400:
3383:
3324:
3180:
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3047:
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2622:
2431:
2381:
1978:
1969:
1955:
1773:
1718:
1669:
1659:
1295:
897:
834:
521:
517:
440:
425:
354:
4530:
3658:
3022:
901:
4709:
4688:
4608:
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4551:
4427:
4355:
4349:
4273:
4165:
4075:
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3928:
3886:
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3633:
3520:
3498:
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3395:
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3220:
3208:
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3007:
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2459:
2450:
2395:
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2243:
2220:
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2158:
2140:
2054:
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1945:
1918:
1904:
1876:
1827:
1804:
1694:
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1213:
1160:
990:
838:
547:
492:
487:
346:
331:
320:
200:
110:
2114:
1317:
4662:
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4637:
4625:
4541:
4490:
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4419:
4413:
4387:
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4331:
4235:
4200:
4184:
4033:
4021:
3954:
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3906:
3874:
3799:
3771:
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3557:
3537:
3525:
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3373:
3330:
3271:
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3261:
3225:
3156:
3140:
3037:
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2310:
2289:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2183:
2032:
2014:
1924:
1858:
1852:
1842:
1755:
1747:
1722:
1710:
1530:
1525:
1474:
1469:
1443:
1235:
1196:
Languages of Europe: the linguistic plurality of
European countries between past and present
889:
855:
401:
300:
288:
95:
27:
4746:
4732:
4613:
4515:
4505:
4449:
4300:
4288:
4228:
4223:
4038:
3967:
3949:
3896:
3826:
3783:
3695:
3676:
3628:
3515:
3481:
3434:
3429:
3151:
3083:
3055:
2849:
2830:
2800:
2748:
2729:
2645:
2521:
2347:
2236:
2153:
2148:
2108:
2077:
1714:
1575:
1555:
1535:
905:
867:
863:
850:
390:
382:
316:
82:
52:
3749:
597:
This fairy tale is written for those men who oppress the innocent under false pretexts.
272:
41:
4797:
4704:
4699:
4620:
4500:
4462:
4194:
3843:
3754:
3700:
3670:
3562:
3246:
3174:
3120:
2836:
2712:
2698:
2675:
2660:
2508:
2467:
2303:
1809:
1799:
1765:
1706:
1585:
1560:
1392:
1099:. Vol. II: Linguistica. Vol. III: Dialettologia, Pescara, Istituto di Studi Abruzzesi.
1093:
Parlata locale, siciliano e lingua nazionale nelle colonie gallo-italiche della
Sicilia
960:
338:
324:
1217:
501:
the vowels ⟨ö⟩ and ⟨ë⟩ to make the corresponding vowels closed that tend very towards
4828:
4739:
4642:
4630:
4362:
4070:
3727:
3665:
3161:
2895:
2805:
2734:
2721:
2650:
2528:
2085:
1702:
1686:
1600:
1520:
1510:
1103:, Rivista dell'Istituto di Studi Abruzzesi, (Pescara) 8, 1-3 (Gennaio-Dicembre 1970).
583:- Sorry, how can I do what you blame me? I drink the water that passes by you first."
498:
the hyphen ⟨-⟩ replaces the apostrophe so as not to create confusion with the schwa.
276:
Linguistic map of Italy; Gallo-Italic of Sicily are the small, light-green areas on
4521:
4381:
3776:
2855:
2630:
2558:
1832:
1610:
1494:
1057:
Il vocabolario siciliano manoscritto inedito di Giuseppe Trischitta da Furci Siculo
915:
846:
436:
190:
4437:
1192:
Lingue d'Europa: la pluralità linguistica dei paesi europei fra passato e presente
631:
E senza savèr nè ddèzz e nè scriv, cu 'na granfaggnàda su spurpà d' bedda e bedda.
3923:
337:
Towns inhabited by the new immigrants became known as the "Lombard communities" (
4583:
4576:
4313:
3879:
3848:
2863:
1726:
1545:
936:
386:
374:
253:
205:
1048:
G. Petracco, "Influenze genovesi sulle colonie gallo-italiche delle Sicilia?",
755:Ö lupö, n'n savendö r'spöndö, n-v'ntà n-aöta scusa p' sciarriessë e ghj' dissö:
3861:
3853:
3454:
3213:
2548:
2173:
1910:
1570:
1550:
1011:
952:
830:
595:
And immediately he jumped on him and tore him up until he was unjustly killed.
362:
4657:
4495:
3837:
3132:
1950:
1222:
923:
871:
444:
358:
239:
227:
185:
4283:
3821:
1240:
1115:
Considerazioni sul trilinguismo della colonia galloitalica di San Fratello
811:
Sa faräbula è scritta p' quoi ch' suotamottu i nnuciant cun scusi feuzzi.
633:
Sti paröddi l-ana sènt ddi gent' ch' cunnà'nn'nu i 'nucènti 'ngiustamènt.
4647:
4442:
4278:
4094:
3542:
3390:
2280:
1595:
999:
973:
956:
619:- Nan t' 'ns'ddiè, l-egua passa prima d' n' tì, tu ma ste ddurdiànn a mì!
448:
366:
593:- For Hercules, it was your father, who spoke ill of me - said the wolf.
377:. In addition to a common place of origin, the colonizers brought their
4266:
4131:
3891:
3869:
3809:
3804:
3293:
3278:
2810:
2326:
1881:
1866:
1227:
1066:
IDEM, "Un dialetto moribondo, il gallo-italico di Francavilla Sicula",
977:
703:
Allura ddu mascarà, ch'avia simpö famö , z'rcà na scusa p' sciarrièr's.
452:
373:, "Lombardy" being the name for the whole of northern Italy during the
370:
328:
1397:
1393:
Ethnologue about Western Lombard which includes Gallo-Italic of Sicily
4468:
3814:
3737:
3717:
3449:
2168:
1590:
1515:
1429:
1081:, Convegno di studi 9-11 nov. 1967. BCSic 11 (1970) pp. 453–479.
1003:
986:
927:
859:
781:
N dauv e ng-agnieu, punturiei d' la sai, avaiu arr'vea ô stiss vadan.
623:- Oia s'ntùt ch' tu, sèi mesgi com a öra, sparràvi d' mì cu l-amisgi.
432:
312:
277:
63:
1034:
Illuminato Peri, "La questione delle colonie lombarde di Sicilia",
749:- P'rchè, - ghj' dissö - m' nḍḍurdì l-egua mëntr' ca stagö b'vendö?
723:
E mentö d'sgia s' parodd' ghi' sautà d' ncoö e su mangià a muzz'cö.
615:-Oh d'sgrazià, t' ddèvi d' döcch ch' m' stè ddurdiànn tutta l-egua?
439:. Much of the migration was from northern Italy, particularly from
3732:
3705:
1654:
969:
919:
876:
679:- Buttana dû nfern′ ! Allura fu ta patr′ ch′ sparrau d′ mija!
411:
260:
Gallo-Italic is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO
105:
743:ö lupö stasgìa nnâ partë d' d' söva, ö gneö nnâ partë d' d' söta.
607:'N lupu e 'n agnèu, morti d' sè, s' giungìnu a bèv ö stiss sciùm.
1198:] (in Italian). Milano: Baldini Castoldi Dalai. p. 158.
911:
2899:
1625:
1401:
629:- Butàna di guai! Allöra fu dd' bècch d' to pà a sparrèr d' mi.
16:
Group of Gallo-Italic dialects spoken in central-eastern Sicily
1379:
tonico, anche se non espresso (pätri 'padre', quänn 'quando')
765:
Mancö ghiò f'nëtö d' dì cö na granfada ö chiappà e sö mangìà.
763:- Allora - r'plicà ö lupö - dö to pà ca antandö sparrà d' mi.
699:
Un lupö e n-gneu mort' d' së, avìenu r'vat' nö stissu sciumö:
791:
P'rcò — ghj' diess — m' ntuòrbuli d-eua ch' m' stäch buvann?
822:
The languages are spoken primarily in the following areas:
741:
N lupö e n gneö, pâ fortë së, s' trövanö nnô stissö vaddön;
1108:
Memorie dell'Istituto Lonmbardo di Scienze, Lettere e Arti
1075:
La letteralizzazione dei dialetti gallo-italici di Sicilia
709:- M' dai scusè, ma comö pozzö fë chêu tu m' sti d'sgiendo.
701:
chiù suva s' f'rmà u lupö , chjù sötta s' m'ttött' u gneu.
659:- P′rchì m′ stai ddurdiànn′ l-eua mintr′ ìja stau b′vìnn′?
311:
found in about 15 isolated communities of central eastern
721:- Porch' d' zzà e dd' ddà; fö to paddö ch' m' mörmöriava.
661:
U gnedd′ scantait′, s′ r′cugghì nê robb′ e ggh′ r′spunnì:
1341:
Per gentile concessione della prof.ssa Francesca Ciantia
753:- Ma comö t' pozzö nḍḍurdìè l'egua se sögnö d' ḍḍ' söta?
609:
N-ön capp' gghj-'era u lupu, ciù sötta gghj-era l-agnèu.
683:
u granfà e sû spurpà, pur′ savinn′ ch′ nan aviva curpa.
1360:
Per gentile concessione del dott. Salvatore Lo Pinzino
767:
St' cuntö fö nv'ntà p' ḍḍ' ch'stiàë ca cö scusë faëzë,
1041:
Giorgio Piccitto, "Testi aidonesi inediti o ignoti",
585:
And that, defeated by the evidence of the fact, said:
1320:
Immigration and emigration in historical perspective
707:
U gneu s' cagà d' ncou du scant' e ghj' r'spundëttö:
653:
Gghj′ fis′ p′tìt′, ma, p′ mìnt′s a post′ a cuscìnza,
4773:
4724:
4673:
4597:
4401:
4374:
4323:
4175:
4061:
4007:
3988:
3617:
3606:
3359:
3350:
3311:
3191:
3076:
3065:
2976:
2938:
2823:
2793:
2756:
2747:
2720:
2711:
2674:
2621:
2612:
2581:
2572:
2494:
2485:
2458:
2449:
2407:
2359:
2182:
2139:
2130:
2094:
2076:
2067:
2031:
2013:
2004:
1977:
1968:
1936:
1890:
1818:
1782:
1764:
1746:
1737:
1503:
1457:
1436:
1369:
Per gentile concessione del dr. Benedetto Di Pietro
761:- Ma ia, sieë mësgë ndarrìa, navìa manco nasciuitö!
416:
Adelaide del Vasto, third wife of Roger I of Sicily
237:
225:
220:
178:
79:
69:
58:
48:
21:
1232:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
687:ch′ cunnàn′n′ i nuccìnt′, cusànn′l′ ngiustamint′.
611:Allöra dd' f'tös du lupu, ch-avèa a panza vacanta,
807:Parch d' Giura, agliauri fu ta pätri a sparderm'.
795:- Scusa, cam pazz fer s-azzant ch' m' rr'mpruovi?
769:ngannë e mbruoggujë s-approffìt'nö de nöcenteë.
404:more closely than other Gallo-Italic languages.
785:mantr ch' d-agnieu s' mies assei cchjù n giusa.
729:e ch' sâ pigghjönö co chëo ch' sö chjö deböl'.
1061:Saggi e ricerche in memoria di Ettore Li Gatti
713:E cheö v'dëndö ch-avia torto ghj' r'spundëttö:
2911:
1637:
1413:
1332:Per gentile concessione del Dottor Sebi Arena
787:Agliàuri cau furfänt, murdù dû sa grean ptit,
8:
1133:Testi sanfratellani in trascrizione fonetica
663:- Tu m-aia p′rduné , ma com′ pozz′ ddurdièr′
4807:languages with more than 5 million speakers
751:Ḍḍ' gn'ḍḍotö, tuttö scantà, gh' r'spöndëtö:
705:- P'rchì ddurdìj' l-egua ch' stagö b'vëndö?
4390:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
4004:
3614:
3356:
3073:
2918:
2904:
2896:
2753:
2717:
2618:
2578:
2569:
2491:
2455:
2136:
2073:
2010:
1974:
1743:
1734:
1644:
1630:
1622:
1420:
1406:
1398:
1289:Enciclopedia dell'Italiano, Treccani, 2010
745:Quandö ḍḍ' lupö s' v'ntià ḍḍ' pov'rö gneö,
711:Iu bevo dd-egua ch' passa prima dö nda tu!
681:E d′sginn′ accuscì, n-on ditt′ e un fait′,
671:- Sii misg′ com′ a ura tu m′ murmuliàv′t′!
252:
40:
18:
1273:, UTET, Torino 2002, p. 882. (In Italian)
1239:
797:Iea bav d-eua ch' pässa prima ana sai tu.
757:- Sieë mësgë ndarrìa, tu sparrastë da mi.
667:U lùp′, pùr′ r′canuscìnn′ ch-avìva tort′,
613:cum'nzà a 'nguiatèlu p' sciarrèr's cu jèu
809:E subt ghj' satea d'ncadd e s-u sbranea.
805:Ma se ancara iea n-avaia meanch anasciù!
271:
262:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2876:
1182:
1063:, 3 voll. BCSic , (Palermo) 6-8 (1962).
1029:Le colonie e i dialetti lombardo-siculi
651:gghj-era un gn′ddìt′ tèn′r′ e sav′rùs′.
587:- Six months ago you spoke badly of me.
389:) to become the Gallo-Italic of Sicily
323:area, it dates back to migrations from
799:E cau, scunfitt p' la munzagna, diess:
669:z′rcàu n-autra calùnnia e gghj′ dìss′:
627:Jè, sei mesgi fà, manch avea nasciùit!
645:Un lup′, mort′ d′se′ e sicch′ d′ sìa,
621:U lupu, truvànn's no tört, ggh' diss:
357:, actually came principally from the
7:
1218:"Glottolog 4.8 - Piemontese-Lombard"
1166:Western dialects of Lombard language
801:Siei masg fea tu pardest meu di iea.
673:U gn′ddìtt′ mort′ nâ pedd′ r′spunnì:
655:z′rcàva na calùnnia p′ sciarr′iér′s.
396:Gallo-Italic of Sicily evolved from
1088:, n.s. 13-14 (1966), pp. 3–50.
1045:25, n.s. 2 (1962), pp. 38–100.
747:z'rcà na scusa p' jarmè na sciarra.
715:- Sej mis' com-ora sparrast' d' më.
665:l-eua a tìia ch′ sii′ ciù nô iaut'?
4811:Languages between parentheses are
1820:Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)
1322:, Edizioni Plus, Pisa 2007, p, 71.
793:Tutt scantea, d-agnieu ghj'arpunò:
789:zz'rchiea na scusa p-acc'm'nterlu.
685:St′ parodd′ s′ l-àn-a sìnt′r cudd′
14:
4691:(unknown further classification)
1141:Italia linguistica nuova e antica
759:E ḍḍ' m'schin d' gneu r'spöndët':
649:Z′rànn′ l-ugg′, vìtt′ ca nô basc′
625:E jèu: - Ma chi stè 'ncucchiànn'?
557:
542:
531:
520:
508:
502:
491:
422:Norman conquest of southern Italy
365:, comprising today south-eastern
2551:
1670:Historical linguistic minorities
1653:
1216:; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10).
1106:IDEM, "Testi aidonesi inediti",
677:ija atànn′ manch′ ava nasciùit′!
1248:from the original on 2023-10-29
1079:Lingua parlata e lingua scritta
783:Chjù n saura s-aff'rmea u dauv,
719:- Ma sa iö n-avia mancu nasciò!
717:Un gneu p' d'fend's ghi' dëssö.
647:s' truvau a b′v′rér′s ô sciùm′.
581:Full of fear, the lamb replied:
4815:of the language on their left.
4685:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
1038:57, 3-4 (1959), pp. 3–30.
884:, where Gallo-Italic is spoken
464:Translation of the fairy tale
353:). The settlers, known as the
1:
1124:IDEM, "Italiano di Sicilia",
727:ch' vonö avera sempo rasgiöni
555:voiced postalveolar fricative
4682:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
1566:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
1265:Salvatore Carmelo Trovato,
1128:, 4, Palermo, Aragne, 1976.
1052:9 (1965), pp. 106–132.
941:Militello in Val di Catania
591:- But if I wasn't born yet!
486:the apostrophe ⟨'⟩ for the
4856:
4384:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
3410:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
3204:Central−Southern Calabrian
2417:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
1900:Central-Southern Calabrian
1171:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
1070:9 (1965) pp. 133–152.
1016:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
725:Su cuntö è scritto p' chei
529:voiced palatal approximant
419:
4789:
3939:
2568:
2546:
2230:Comasco-Lecchese dialects
1733:
1666:
1285:"Gallo-italica, comunità"
983:Province of Caltanissetta
675:- Voss′gn′rìa iav′ tort′,
657:Accuscì s′ mis′ a vusgiè.
524:in the final of the word.
466:The Wolf and The Lamb by
251:
39:
26:
3692:North American dialects
3199:Extreme Southern Italian
1291:(in Italian). Treccani.
1119:Dal dialetto alla lingua
540:voiced retroflex plosive
305:Dialetti siculo-lombardi
293:Gallo-italico di Sicilia
32:Gallo-italico di Sicilia
3111:Central−Northern Latian
1790:Central-Northern Latian
1283:Toso, Fiorenzo (2010).
1269:, in Cortelazzo et al.
1190:Toso, Fiorenzo (2006).
1110:, Milano, 33, 5 (1973).
949:San Michele di Ganzaria
803:E d-agnieu ghj-arbattò:
350:
297:Siculo-Lombard dialects
4835:Gallo-Italic languages
3415:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
2422:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
2214:Bustocco and Legnanese
1606:Southern Italian Koiné
1541:Judeo-Arabic languages
1490:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
1458:Contemporary languages
1318:Ann Katherine Isaacs,
1302:(con l'ex frazione di
1241:10.5281/zenodo.7398962
890:linguistic communities
885:
563:Gallo-Italic varieties
417:
400:, and thus related to
379:Gallo-Italic languages
342:
309:Gallo-Italic languages
304:
292:
285:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
281:
148:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
31:
22:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
3902:Poitevin–Saintongeais
2845:Italian Sign Language
2794:Other German dialects
1937:Other Italo-Dalmatian
1480:Italian Sign Language
1449:Italian Sign Language
1148:Vocabolario siciliano
1135:, in: Vittore Pisani
896:Province of Messina:
880:
589:And the lamb replied:
415:
361:fiefdoms of southern
275:
3711:St. Marys Bay French
3235:Neapolitan–Calabrese
2297:Southwestern Lombard
1504:Historical languages
966:Province of Syracuse
553:⟨sg(i)⟩ to make the
527:⟨j⟩ to indicate the
334:and his successors.
327:during the reign of
295:) also known as the
62:Central and eastern
4840:Languages of Sicily
4063:Galician–Portuguese
3089:Central Marchigiano
2597:Vaccarizzo Albanian
1304:Fondachelli-Fantina
1271:I dialetti italiani
1210:Hammarström, Harald
1043:L'Italia dialettale
996:Province of Palermo
945:Mirabella Imbaccari
933:Province of Catania
882:Fondachelli-Fantina
843:Fondachelli-Fantina
827:Province of Messina
4477:Catalan Ribagorçan
4324:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
3596:Judaeo-Piedmontese
3506:Bustocco–Legnanese
3301:Northern Calabrian
2432:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2408:Other Gallo-Italic
1660:Languages of Italy
1437:Official languages
1296:Montalbano Elicona
1214:Haspelmath, Martin
1212:; Forkel, Robert;
910:Province of Enna:
898:Roccella Valdemone
886:
835:Montalbano Elicona
518:voiced velar nasal
516:⟨ngh⟩ to make the
426:Lombards of Sicily
418:
369:and north-western
355:Lombards of Sicily
343:oppida Lombardorum
282:
75:60,000 (2006)
4822:
4821:
4798:extinct languages
4720:
4719:
4397:
4396:
4356:Navarro-Aragonese
4241:Peruvian Ribereño
4166:Judaeo-Portuguese
4081:Galician–Asturian
3984:
3983:
3975:Old Gallo-Romance
3929:Wisconsin Walloon
3346:
3345:
3319:Dalmatian Romance
2927:Romance languages
2893:
2892:
2872:
2871:
2819:
2818:
2776:Southern Bavarian
2743:
2742:
2707:
2706:
2699:Triestine Serbian
2608:
2607:
2583:Arbëresh language
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2481:
2480:
2445:
2444:
2198:Brianzöö dialects
2126:
2125:
2063:
2062:
2000:
1999:
1964:
1963:
1619:
1618:
1300:Novara di Sicilia
1161:Lombard languages
1055:Giovanni Tropea,
892:also existed in:
839:Novara di Sicilia
538:⟨dd⟩ to make the
488:mid central vowel
332:Roger I of Sicily
321:Sicilian language
319:in the otherwise
270:
269:
201:Old Gallo-Romance
4847:
4343:Judaeo-Aragonese
4332:Andalusi Romance
4185:Amazonic Spanish
4022:Western Asturian
4005:
3944:Franco-Provençal
3615:
3511:Comasco–Lecchese
3369:Emilian–Romagnol
3357:
3157:Regional Italian
3147:Italo-Australian
3074:
2996:Megleno-Romanian
2920:
2913:
2906:
2897:
2884:
2881:
2858:
2839:
2784:
2754:
2718:
2619:
2599:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2492:
2456:
2398:
2384:
2377:
2361:Emilian–Romagnol
2350:
2343:
2329:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2200:
2137:
2117:
2096:Franco-Provençal
2074:
2049:
2011:
2006:Occitano-Romance
1975:
1927:
1913:
1892:Extreme Southern
1861:
1756:Regional Italian
1744:
1735:
1691:Franco-Provençal
1658:
1657:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1526:Berber languages
1475:Regional Italian
1422:
1415:
1408:
1399:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1280:
1274:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1187:
1031:, Catania, 1921.
856:Province of Enna
560:
545:
534:
523:
512:
506:
494:
307:) is a group of
264:
256:
230:
85:
44:
19:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4785:
4769:
4747:Pannonian Latin
4733:African Romance
4716:
4669:
4600:
4593:
4531:Judeo-Provençal
4404:
4393:
4370:
4319:
4229:Chilean Chilote
4171:
4057:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3980:
3968:Moselle Romance
3935:
3784:Missouri French
3745:Franco-Ontarian
3620:
3609:
3602:
3342:
3307:
3284:Southern Latian
3187:
3152:Maltese Italian
3084:Central Italian
3068:
3061:
3056:Common Romanian
2972:
2956:Italo-Dalmatian
2934:
2924:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2854:
2835:
2815:
2801:Austrian German
2789:
2780:
2739:
2730:Calabrian Greek
2703:
2670:
2656:Natisone Valley
2641:Inner Carniolan
2604:
2595:
2564:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2536:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2477:
2441:
2409:
2403:
2394:
2380:
2373:
2355:
2346:
2339:
2335:Eastern Lombard
2325:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2212:
2203:
2196:
2192:Western Lombard
2178:
2122:
2113:
2090:
2059:
2045:
2027:
1996:
1960:
1938:
1932:
1923:
1909:
1886:
1872:Southern Latian
1857:
1838:Castelmezzanese
1814:
1778:
1760:
1729:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1620:
1615:
1556:Maghrebi Arabic
1499:
1453:
1432:
1426:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1316:
1312:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1157:
1024:
906:Castel di Lucio
902:Motta d'Affermo
868:Piazza Armerina
851:San Piero Patti
820:
813:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
778:
771:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
738:
731:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
696:
689:
686:
684:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
642:
635:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
604:
599:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
576:
574:Text in English
567:Western Lombard
461:
428:
410:
391:language family
351:cumuna lummardi
317:language island
266:
265:
259:
226:
216:
181:
174:
144:Lombardo-Italic
121:Western Romance
101:Latino-Faliscan
86:
83:Language family
81:
72:
71:Native speakers
53:Northwest Italy
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4853:
4851:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4827:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4809:
4800:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4686:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4605:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4498:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4471:
4466:
4463:Judaeo-Catalan
4459:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4430:
4422:
4409:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4335:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4218:Latin American
4214:
4209:
4197:
4195:Judaeo-Spanish
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4122:
4117:
4110:
4098:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4013:
4011:
4002:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3846:
3841:
3824:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3690:
3685:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3612:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3365:
3363:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3338:Judaeo-Italian
3335:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3206:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3080:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
2998:
2993:
2991:Istro-Romanian
2988:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2939:Major branches
2936:
2935:
2931:classification
2925:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:Italian Hebrew
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:South Tyrolean
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2676:Serbo-Croatian
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2587:
2585:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2496:Rhaeto-Romance
2489:
2487:Rhaeto-Romance
2483:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2293:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2270:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
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1869:
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1850:
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1824:
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1762:
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1759:
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1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:Medieval Greek
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
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1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
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1446:
1440:
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1434:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1387:External links
1385:
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1371:
1362:
1353:
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1334:
1325:
1310:
1275:
1258:
1201:
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1156:
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1151:
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1007:
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993:
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963:
930:
908:
875:
874:
853:
819:
816:
779:
777:
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734:
697:
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692:
643:
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638:
605:
603:
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577:
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572:
571:
570:
551:
536:
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514:
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496:
473:
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460:
457:
409:
406:
325:northern Italy
268:
267:
258:
257:
249:
248:
243:
235:
234:
231:
223:
222:
221:Language codes
218:
217:
215:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
208:
184:
182:
179:
176:
175:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
89:
87:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
60:
56:
55:
50:
49:Native to
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:Siculo-Lombard
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4852:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4814:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4782:
4781:Proto-Romance
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:Reconstructed
4772:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4740:British Latin
4737:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4596:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4559:Vivaro-Alpine
4557:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4523:
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4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
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4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
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4492:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4467:
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4464:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4444:
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4439:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4365:
4364:
4363:Old Navarrese
4360:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4212:Equatoguinean
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4154:
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4147:
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4143:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3993:
3987:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3961:
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3900:
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3878:
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3859:
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3850:
3847:
3845:
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3840:
3839:
3835:
3834:
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3825:
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3808:
3806:
3803:
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3801:
3798:
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3709:
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3699:
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3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3666:Frainc-Comtou
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
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3627:
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3624:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3597:
3594:
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3592:
3589:
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3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3564:
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3541:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Judeo-Italian
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Castelmezzano
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3162:Swiss Italian
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:Transylvanian
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:Daco-Romanian
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2951:Italo-Western
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2880:
2877:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2722:Italiot Greek
2719:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2694:Slavomolisano
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2549:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Judeo-Italian
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Gallo-Romance
2066:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:Vivaro-Alpine
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:Italo-Romance
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:Siculo-Arabic
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Tosk Albanian
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1511:Ancient Greek
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1428:Languages of
1423:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
992:
988:
984:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
894:
893:
891:
883:
879:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:
824:
823:
817:
815:
812:
775:
773:
770:
735:
733:
730:
693:
691:
688:
639:
637:
634:
601:
598:
573:
568:
564:
561:, as in some
559:
556:
552:
549:
544:
541:
537:
533:
530:
526:
522:
519:
515:
511:
505:
500:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:
483:
480:
478:
471:
469:
463:
462:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
427:
423:
414:
407:
405:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
279:
274:
263:
255:
250:
247:
244:
242:
241:
236:
232:
229:
224:
219:
207:
204:
203:
202:
199:
198:
197:
196:Proto-Romance
194:
193:
192:
189:
188:
187:
183:
177:
149:
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:
129:Gallo-Romance
127:
126:
125:Gallo-Iberian
124:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:
116:Italo-Western
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
92:
91:Indo-European
88:
84:
78:
74:
68:
65:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
29:
25:
20:
4802:
4793:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4680:
4582:
4575:
4537:Languedocien
4529:
4522:Judeo-Gascon
4520:
4461:
4412:
4382:Barranquenho
4361:
4354:
4330:
4312:
4254:
4216:
4199:
4190:Extremaduran
4164:
4138:
4124:
4112:
4100:
4093:
4050:
4009:Asturleonese
3973:
3966:
3924:West Walloon
3912:Saintongeais
3860:
3836:
3832:Anglo-Norman
3790:
3723:Newfoundland
3683:Jersey Legal
3675:
3583:
3548:Southwestern
3531:Vallassinese
3420:Gallo-Picene
3414:
3361:Gallo-Italic
3323:
3239:
3234:
3173:
3139:
3054:
3000:
2879:
2856:Sinte Romani
2666:Torre Valley
2614:South Slavic
2559:Italy portal
2421:
2251:Vallassinese
2132:Gallo-Italic
1668:
1611:Vulgar Latin
1495:Modern Greek
1489:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1313:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1221:
1204:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1022:Bibliography
1008:
916:Pietraperzia
887:
847:San Fratello
821:
818:Areas spoken
814:
780:
776:Sanfratellan
772:
740:
736:Sperlinghese
732:
698:
690:
644:
636:
606:
578:
481:
474:
465:
447:holdings in
437:Latin Church
429:
395:
336:
315:. Forming a
296:
284:
283:
245:
238:
191:Vulgar Latin
147:
134:Gallo-Italic
4758:Campidanese
4584:Old Catalan
4577:Old Occitan
4314:Old Spanish
4248:Rioplatense
4052:Old Leonese
3880:Cotentinais
3844:Guernésiais
3767:Frenchville
3760:New England
3639:Bourbonnais
3591:Piedmontese
3585:Old Lombard
3477:Bergamasque
3401:Sammarinese
2864:Wenzhounese
2689:Montenegrin
2636:Gail Valley
2437:Piedmontese
2341:Bergamasque
1987:Campidanese
1828:Beneventano
1795:Marchigiano
1727:Wenzhounese
1546:Koine Greek
1126:L'Orizzonte
1027:F. Piazza,
937:Caltagirone
617:E l-aggnèu:
459:Sample text
398:Old Lombard
387:Old Occitan
375:Middle Ages
206:Old Lombard
180:Early forms
140:Piedmontese
4829:Categories
4805:indicates
4763:Logudorese
4296:Philippine
4262:Andalusian
4256:Peninsular
4146:Estremenho
4102:Portuguese
4029:Cantabrian
3862:Law French
3854:Sercquiais
3688:Meridional
3649:Champenois
3644:Burgundian
3455:Tabarchino
3445:Monégasque
3384:Parmigiano
3241:Neapolitan
3214:Manduriano
3181:Florentine
3048:Wallachian
3018:Bukovinian
2382:Parmigiano
2174:Tabarchino
2164:Monégasque
1992:Logudorese
1911:Manduriano
1774:Florentine
1581:Phoenician
1571:Old Norman
1551:Late Latin
1267:La Sicilia
1252:2023-10-29
1012:Basilicata
831:Acquedolci
420:See also:
363:Montferrat
4813:varieties
4796:indicate
4753:Sardinian
4710:Triestine
4658:Sursilvan
4569:Mentonasc
4547:Provençal
4496:Auvergnat
4482:Valencian
4438:Mallorcan
4428:Algherese
4403:Occitano-
4350:Navarrese
4338:Aragonese
4274:Castilian
4177:Castilian
4153:Uruguayan
4126:Brazilian
4089:Minderico
4083:/Eonavian
4046:Mirandese
3960:Valdôtain
3946:/Arpitan
3887:Orléanais
3838:Auregnais
3822:Mayennais
3772:Louisiana
3654:Ardennais
3634:Berrichon
3440:Intemelio
3396:Forlivese
3379:Bolognese
3325:Dalmatian
3289:Tarantino
3252:Benevento
3209:Salentino
3169:Sassarese
3133:Gallurese
3116:Romanesco
3069:Dalmatian
3033:Moldavian
3028:Maramureș
2986:Aromanian
2623:Slovenian
2473:Triestine
2410:languages
2396:Forlivese
2375:Bolognese
2221:Legnanese
2159:Intemelio
2104:Valdôtain
2047:Mentonasc
2023:Algherese
1979:Sardinian
1970:Sardinian
1956:Sassarese
1951:Gallurese
1939:languages
1905:Salentino
1877:Tarantino
1848:Cosentino
1805:Romanesco
1719:Sardinian
1223:Glottolog
991:Mazzarino
924:Leonforte
872:Sperlinga
490:or schwa
359:Aleramici
240:Glottolog
228:ISO 639-3
186:Old Latin
4689:Venetian
4663:Vallader
4653:Surmiran
4626:Cadorino
4609:Friulian
4542:Limousin
4511:Béarnese
4473:Western
4455:Northern
4443:Menorcan
4433:Balearic
4424:Eastern
4420:dialects
4279:Castrapo
4236:Peruvian
4207:dialects
4140:European
4108:dialects
4095:Portugis
4076:Galician
4017:Asturian
3955:Savoyard
3907:Poitevin
3875:Cauchois
3849:Jèrriais
3696:Canadian
3575:Varesino
3570:Ticinese
3558:Novarese
3553:Cremunés
3543:Ossolano
3538:Milanese
3526:Lecchese
3494:Brianzöö
3425:Ligurian
3391:Romagnol
3272:Arianese
3267:Irpinian
3262:Cilentan
3226:Pantesco
3221:Sicilian
3192:Southern
3128:Corsican
3104:Macerata
3099:Fabriano
3038:Oltenian
3008:dialects
2968:Southern
2766:Cimbrian
2758:Bavarian
2684:Croatian
2591:Arbëresh
2574:Albanian
2515:Cadorino
2504:Friulian
2460:Venetian
2451:Venetian
2390:Romagnol
2318:Cremunés
2311:Novarese
2290:Varesino
2281:Ossolano
2274:Ticinese
2267:Milanese
2258:Lecchese
2141:Ligurian
1946:Corsican
1925:Pantesco
1919:Sicilian
1859:Arianese
1853:Irpinian
1843:Cilentan
1800:Marinese
1699:Germanic
1695:Friulian
1683:Croatian
1675:Albanian
1596:Siculian
1485:Arbëresh
1465:Sicilian
1351:"simpo".
1246:Archived
1155:See also
1000:Corleone
974:Buccheri
957:Randazzo
694:Nicosian
640:Aidonese
602:Piazzese
565:such as
548:Sicilian
546:, as in
477:Phaedrus
468:Phaedrus
449:Piedmont
441:his wife
367:Piedmont
347:Sicilian
138:Lombard–
4794:Italics
4695:Chipilo
4638:Romansh
4601:Romance
4599:Rhaeto-
4564:Gardiol
4516:Landese
4506:Aranese
4491:Occitan
4450:Central
4414:Catalan
4405:Romance
4306:Creoles
4301:Saharan
4289:Murcian
4267:Llanito
4224:Chilean
4201:Spanish
4158:Creoles
4132:Mineiro
4114:African
4039:Riberan
4034:Leonese
3999:Iberian
3992:Romance
3919:Walloon
3892:Paydret
3870:Augeron
3810:Vosgien
3805:Gaumais
3800:Lorrain
3792:Creoles
3755:Muskrat
3701:Acadian
3629:Angevin
3619:Langues
3610:Romance
3516:Comasco
3489:Western
3482:Cremish
3472:Eastern
3467:Lombard
3435:Genoese
3430:Brigasc
3374:Emilian
3352:Western
3331:Istriot
3294:Vastese
3279:Molisan
3141:Italian
3077:Central
3023:Crișana
2978:Eastern
2961:Western
2946:Eastern
2811:Yiddish
2771:Mòcheno
2646:Istrian
2369:Emilian
2348:Cremish
2327:Spasell
2237:Comasco
2184:Lombard
2154:Genoese
2149:Brigasc
2115:Cellese
2033:Occitan
2015:Catalan
1882:Vastese
1867:Molisan
1783:Central
1748:Italian
1723:Slovene
1711:Occitan
1679:Catalan
1531:Elymian
1470:Italian
1444:Italian
1228:Leipzig
1139:(ed.),
1137:et alii
1101:Abruzzo
978:Cassaro
953:Paternò
864:Nicosia
453:Liguria
408:History
402:Lombard
371:Liguria
301:Italian
289:Italian
111:Romance
28:Italian
4725:Others
4705:Talian
4700:Fiuman
4674:Others
4614:Fornes
4552:Niçard
4501:Gascon
4469:Patuet
4375:Others
4284:Castúo
3990:Ibero-
3950:Faetar
3897:Picard
3827:Norman
3815:Welche
3738:Magoua
3728:Quebec
3718:Brayon
3677:French
3659:Rémois
3608:Gallo-
3563:Pavese
3521:Laghée
3499:Canzés
3450:Royasc
3312:Others
3247:Barese
3175:Tuscan
3121:Sabino
3094:Ancona
3067:Italo-
2850:Romani
2831:Hebrew
2824:Others
2806:Walser
2749:German
2661:Resian
2522:Fornes
2468:Fiuman
2304:Pavese
2244:Laghée
2205:Canzés
2169:Royasc
2109:Faetar
2086:Aostan
2078:French
2055:Niçard
1833:Barese
1810:Sabino
1766:Tuscan
1715:Romani
1687:French
1591:Sicani
1576:Norman
1536:Hebrew
1516:Arabic
1430:Sicily
1146:IDEM,
1131:IDEM,
1113:IDEM,
1095:, in:
1091:IDEM,
1077:, in:
1073:IDEM,
1059:, in:
1004:Vicari
987:Butera
961:Bronte
928:Cerami
888:Other
860:Aidone
445:family
433:Muslim
383:Norman
329:Norman
313:Sicily
278:Sicily
96:Italic
64:Sicily
59:Region
4648:Putèr
4643:Jauer
4631:Nones
4621:Ladin
4120:Asian
3777:Houma
3750:Métis
3733:Joual
3706:Chiac
3671:Gallo
3621:d'oïl
3013:Banat
2735:Griko
2713:Greek
2651:Karst
2529:Nones
2509:Ladin
1707:Ladin
1703:Greek
1586:Punic
1194:[
1177:Notes
1117:, in
1068:BCSic
1050:BCSic
970:Ferla
920:Agira
339:Latin
106:Latin
4803:Bold
4388:Caló
4071:Fala
3997:West
2631:Brda
1086:BALI
1036:BSSS
1002:and
989:and
976:and
959:and
926:and
912:Enna
904:and
870:and
849:and
507:and
451:and
424:and
385:and
246:None
1236:doi
510:/i/
504:/u/
443:'s
299:, (
287:, (
4831::
1725:,
1721:,
1717:,
1713:,
1709:,
1705:,
1701:,
1697:,
1693:,
1689:,
1685:,
1681:,
1677:,
1673::
1298:,
1287:.
1244:.
1234:.
1230::
1226:.
1220:.
1018:.
998::
985::
972:,
968::
955:,
951:,
947:,
943:,
939:,
935::
922:,
918:,
914:,
900:,
866:,
862:,
858::
845:,
841:,
837:,
833:,
829::
455:.
393:.
349::
345:,
341::
303::
291::
30::
4001:)
3995:(
2933:)
2929:(
2919:e
2912:t
2905:v
1645:e
1638:t
1631:v
1421:e
1414:t
1407:v
1255:.
1238::
569:.
550:.
535:.
513:.
495:.
470:'
280:.
233:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
