Knowledge (XXG)

The Gambia–Turkey relations

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469: 38: 440: 2192: 236: 208: 57: 620: 2204: 222: 68: 123:-dominated organization into a nationwide party enabled inter-ethnic cooperation and boosted Gambia's well-earned reputation for a beacon of democracy. Turkey has been very supportive of Gambia under Dawda Jawara and facilitated its economic situation with developmental and financial aid along with an Economic Recovery Program designed by the 369:“The Military and ‘Democratization’ in The Gambia: 1994–2002.” In Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences, eds. Julius O. Ihonvbere and John M. Mbaku, pp. 179–96. 393:
Obadare, Ebenezer. “The Military and Democracy in The Gambia.” In Governance and Democratisation in West Africa, eds. Dele Olowu, Adebayo Williams, and Kayode Soremekun, pp. 343–57. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA,
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Obadare, Ebenezer. “The Military and Democracy in The Gambia.” In Governance and Democratisation in West Africa, eds. Dele Olowu, Adebayo Williams, and Kayode Soremekun, pp. 343–57. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA,
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Bojang, Sheriff. “Who's for President?” New African, March 2006: p. 22. Ceesay, Ebrima J. The Military and ‘Democratisation’ in The Gambia: 1994–2003. Victoria, BC, Canada: Trafford, 2006.
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N’Diaye, Boubacar, Abdoulaye Saine, and Mathurin Houngnikpo. Not Yet Democracy: West Africa's Slow Farewell to Authoritarianism. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2005: pp. 51–106.
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N’Diaye, Boubacar, Abdoulaye Saine, and Mathurin Houngnikpo. Not Yet Democracy: West Africa's Slow Farewell to Authoritarianism. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2005: pp. 51–106.
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Kandeh, Jimmy D. “What Does the ‘Militariat’ Do When It Rules? Military Regimes: The Gambia, Sierra Leone and Liberia.” Review of African Political Economy 69 (1996): pp. 387–404.
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The Gambia and Turkey had generally friendly relations. Despite widespread skepticism about its survival, The Gambia retained its sovereignty despite persistent
421: 1597: 406: 688: 2224: 363:“The Gambia's Changing Political, Economic, and Social Landscape: A Regime(s) Performance Evaluation, 1994–2002.” Africa Insight 33, 3 (2003): pp. 57–64. 1427: 156:
Relations improved in 1996–1997 with a formal return to elections and Turkey lifted economic sanctions that had thrown The Gambia's economy into chaos.
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Relations detonated on July 22, 1994 when a group of disaffected junior army officers seized power in a bloodless coup that allowed safe passage to
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Dawda Jawara's Gambia's well-earned reputation as one of the few democratic regimes in Africa, Western allies were late in coming to the rescue of
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Saine, Abdoulaye S. M. “The 1996/1997 Presidential and National Assembly Elections in The Gambia.” Electoral Studies 16, 4 (1997): 554–59.
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Commonwealth Observer Group. The Gambia Presidential Election: 18th October 2001. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2002.
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Wiseman, John A. “Military Rule in The Gambia: An Interim Assessment.” Third World Quarterly 17, 5 (1996): pp. 917–40.
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Perfect, David. “Politics and Society in The Gambia since Independence.” History Compass 6, 2 (2008): pp. 426–38.
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Ajayi, Simon Ademola. Yahya Jammeh and the Gambian Revolution: 1994–2001. Ibadan, Nigeria: Stirling-Horden, 2003.
298:
Perfect, David. “Politics and Society in The Gambia since Independence.” History Compass 6, 2 (2008): pp. 426–38.
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Ajayi, Simon Ademola. Yahya Jammeh and the Gambian Revolution: 1994–2001. Ibadan, Nigeria: Stirling-Horden, 2003.
188: 1968: 2002: 1946: 142: 135: 2014: 1951: 337: 149:’s government. Turkey, along with Western allies, promptly cut off aid to the military junta led by 2117: 1997: 1907: 88: 375:
Baldeh, Ebrima. “Gambia's First University Proves Its Worth.” New African, April 2007: p. 40.
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pressure for union and numerous ethnic groups that plagued the security of other countries.
2196: 2026: 2009: 1830: 241: 120: 2112: 1975: 1871: 17: 2191: 235: 2218: 2208: 227: 213: 637: 150: 138: 112: 360:“The Gambia: From Coup to Elections.” Journal of Democracy 9, 2 (1998): pp. 64–75. 357:“Post-Coup Politics in The Gambia.” Journal of Democracy 13, 4 (2002): pp. 167–72. 310:“Post-Coup Politics in The Gambia.” Journal of Democracy 13, 4 (2002): pp. 167–72. 384:
Dabo, Bakary B. “Living in Crisis.” West Africa, 13–19 February 1995: pp. 217–18.
2090: 2085: 1902: 2105: 439: 203: 124: 61: 2056: 171: 108: 619: 192: 175: 146: 96: 92: 72: 2073: 354:“A Fresh Start.” West Africa, 27 January–2 February 1997: p. 147. 1928: 1828: 635: 590: 410: 165:
Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.
128: 2180: 2133: 2049: 1939: 1890: 1842: 1795: 1770: 1754: 1733: 1726: 1676: 1585: 1524: 1483: 1452: 1445: 1331: 1265: 1224: 1183: 1142: 1135: 1065: 1039: 1008: 967: 960: 865: 844: 808: 707: 656: 649: 568: 548: 532: 476: 451: 44: 602: 422: 8: 30: 1936: 1925: 1839: 1825: 1730: 1449: 1139: 964: 653: 646: 632: 609: 595: 587: 429: 415: 407: 338:"Relations between Turkey and The Gambia" 340:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. 2187: 332: 330: 328: 306: 304: 284: 282: 272: 270: 266: 115:’s deliberate policy of converting the 318: 316: 29: 7: 25: 2225:Bilateral relations of the Gambia 2202: 2190: 684:Democratic Republic of the Congo 618: 467: 438: 234: 220: 206: 153:and imposed further sanctions. 66: 55: 36: 445:Foreign relations of the Gambia 250:Foreign relations of The Gambia 2039:European Court of Human Rights 995:St. Vincent and the Grenadines 170:There are direct flights from 1: 2230:Bilateral relations of Turkey 2141:Diplomatic missions of Turkey 1940:Peace Agreements and Treaties 1877:Organization of Turkic States 2062:Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline 2050:International infrastructure 141:out of the country. Despite 2150:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1898:Central Treaty Organization 1850:International organizations 625:Foreign relations of Turkey 255:Foreign relations of Turkey 85:The Gambia–Turkey relations 31:The Gambia-Turkey relations 2246: 2123:Azerbaijan–Georgia–Turkey 1935: 1924: 1838: 1824: 645: 631: 465: 189:Turkish Maarif Foundation 78: 65: 54: 35: 2101:Trans-Anatolian pipeline 2079:Northern Cyprus pipeline 1959:Treaty of Constantinople 674:Central African Republic 178:since November 26, 2018. 18:Gambia–Turkey relations 2096:Tabriz–Ankara pipeline 2067:Kirkuk–Ceyhan pipeline 1865:Accession negotiations 1598:Bosnia and Herzegovina 556:Diplomatic missions of 689:Republic of the Congo 183:Educational relations 1964:Border with Bulgaria 1428:United Arab Emirates 103:Diplomatic relations 2022:Montreux Convention 1981:Border with Armenia 1000:Trinidad and Tobago 195:since October 2017. 32: 27:Bilateral relations 1998:Treaty of Lausanne 1908:Second Balkan Pact 985:Dominican Republic 160:Economic relations 2178: 2177: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2003:Border with Syria 1920: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1903:First Balkan Pact 1820: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1791: 1790: 1722: 1721: 1441: 1440: 1131: 1130: 956: 955: 694:Equatorial Guinea 584: 583: 82: 81: 16:(Redirected from 2237: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2195: 2194: 2186: 2162:Diplomatic corps 2015:Border with Iran 1952:Border with Iraq 1947:Treaty of Ankara 1937: 1926: 1840: 1826: 1731: 1450: 1376:Kurdistan Region 1140: 965: 654: 647: 633: 623: 622: 611: 604: 597: 588: 471: 443: 442: 431: 424: 417: 408: 342: 341: 334: 323: 320: 311: 308: 299: 296: 290: 286: 277: 274: 244: 239: 238: 230: 225: 224: 223: 216: 211: 210: 209: 87:are the foreign 70: 69: 59: 58: 40: 33: 21: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2203: 2201: 2189: 2181: 2179: 2166: 2129: 2045: 2027:Turkish Straits 2010:Treaty of Zuhab 1931: 1912: 1886: 1834: 1812: 1787: 1766: 1762:Solomon Islands 1750: 1718: 1672: 1638:Northern Cyprus 1633:North Macedonia 1581: 1520: 1479: 1437: 1327: 1261: 1220: 1179: 1127: 1061: 1035: 1004: 952: 861: 840: 804: 703: 641: 627: 617: 615: 585: 580: 564: 544: 528: 472: 463: 447: 437: 435: 351: 349:Further reading 346: 345: 336: 335: 326: 321: 314: 309: 302: 297: 293: 287: 280: 275: 268: 263: 242:Politics portal 240: 233: 226: 221: 219: 212: 207: 205: 202: 185: 162: 105: 71: 67: 60: 56: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2243: 2241: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2199: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2113:Rail transport 2110: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2071: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2007: 2006: 2005: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1976:Treaty of Kars 1973: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1956: 1955: 1954: 1943: 1941: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1882:United Nations 1879: 1874: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1860:European Union 1857: 1852: 1846: 1844: 1836: 1835: 1829: 1822: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1737: 1735: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1577:United Kingdom 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1460:Czech Republic 1456: 1454: 1447: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 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Nations 572: 570: 566: 565: 563: 562: 552: 550: 546: 545: 543: 542: 536: 534: 530: 529: 527: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 480: 478: 474: 473: 466: 464: 462: 461: 455: 453: 449: 448: 436: 434: 433: 426: 419: 411: 405: 404: 401: 398: 395: 391: 388: 385: 382: 379: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 358: 355: 350: 347: 344: 343: 324: 312: 300: 291: 278: 265: 264: 262: 259: 258: 257: 252: 246: 245: 231: 217: 201: 198: 197: 196: 184: 181: 180: 179: 167: 166: 161: 158: 104: 101: 80: 79: 76: 75: 64: 52: 51: 49: 46: 45: 42: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2242: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2118:Greece–Turkey 2116: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1927: 1923: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1798: 1796:Former states 1794: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 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1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1058: 1057:United States 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 972: 970: 966: 963: 959: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 908:Guinea-Bissau 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 888:Côte d'Ivoire 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 868: 864: 858: 855: 853: 850: 849: 847: 843: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 813: 811: 807: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 712: 710: 706: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 661: 659: 655: 652: 648: 644: 639: 634: 630: 626: 621: 612: 607: 605: 600: 598: 593: 592: 589: 577: 574: 573: 571: 567: 561: 560:in the Gambia 557: 554: 553: 551: 547: 541: 538: 537: 535: 531: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 481: 479: 475: 470: 460: 459:United States 457: 456: 454: 450: 446: 441: 432: 427: 425: 420: 418: 413: 412: 409: 402: 399: 396: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 356: 353: 352: 348: 339: 333: 331: 329: 325: 319: 317: 313: 307: 305: 301: 295: 292: 285: 283: 279: 273: 271: 267: 260: 256: 253: 251: 248: 247: 243: 237: 232: 229: 228:Turkey portal 218: 215: 214:Gambia portal 204: 199: 194: 190: 187: 186: 182: 177: 173: 169: 168: 164: 163: 159: 157: 154: 152: 148: 144: 140: 137: 132: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 102: 100: 98: 94: 90: 86: 77: 74: 63: 53: 50: 48: 47: 43: 39: 34: 19: 1831:Multilateral 1803:Soviet Union 1668:Vatican City 1418:Saudi Arabia 1170:Turkmenistan 943:Sierra Leone 878:Burkina Faso 857:South Africa 569:Multilateral 294: 191:operates in 155: 151:Yahya Jammeh 139:Dawda Jawara 133: 113:Dawda Jawara 106: 84: 83: 2091:Blue Stream 2086:Natural gas 1855:Arab League 1746:New Zealand 1734:Australasia 1714:Switzerland 1709:Netherlands 1308:Philippines 1211:South Korea 1206:North Korea 1150:Afghanistan 775:South Sudan 514:Philippines 509:North Korea 2219:Categories 2106:TurkStream 1986:Azerbaijan 1891:Historical 1808:Yugoslavia 1704:Luxembourg 1648:San Marino 1628:Montenegro 1344:Azerbaijan 1283:East Timor 1232:Bangladesh 1175:Uzbekistan 1165:Tajikistan 1160:Kyrgyzstan 1155:Kazakhstan 1016:Costa Rica 923:Mauritania 893:The Gambia 883:Cape Verde 765:Seychelles 755:Mozambique 740:Madagascar 484:Azerbaijan 261:References 125:World Bank 109:Senegalese 93:The Gambia 2145:in Turkey 1930:Diplomacy 1833:relations 1771:Polynesia 1755:Melanesia 1741:Australia 1562:Lithuania 1408:Palestine 1313:Singapore 1288:Indonesia 1266:Southeast 1257:Sri Lanka 1123:Venezuela 1073:Argentina 1026:Nicaragua 1021:Guatemala 968:Caribbean 750:Mauritius 640:relations 638:Bilateral 143:President 136:President 131:in 1985. 89:relations 2197:Politics 2155:Minister 2134:Missions 1658:Slovenia 1643:Portugal 1586:Southern 1525:Northern 1496:Bulgaria 1475:Slovakia 1359:Abkhazia 1318:Thailand 1303:Malaysia 1278:Cambodia 1252:Pakistan 1242:Maldives 1201:Mongolia 1113:Suriname 1103:Paraguay 1093:Colombia 1040:Northern 961:Americas 845:Southern 800:Zimbabwe 785:Tanzania 730:Ethiopia 720:Djibouti 669:Cameroon 549:Missions 504:Malaysia 452:Americas 200:See also 172:Istanbul 121:Mandinka 91:between 2183:Portals 1991:Georgia 1843:Current 1727:Oceania 1699:Germany 1689:Belgium 1684:Austria 1677:Western 1603:Croatia 1593:Albania 1552:Ireland 1547:Iceland 1542:Finland 1537:Estonia 1532:Denmark 1516:Ukraine 1506:Romania 1501:Moldova 1491:Belarus 1484:Eastern 1465:Hungary 1453:Central 1398:Lebanon 1354:Georgia 1349:Bahrain 1339:Armenia 1332:Western 1323:Vietnam 1298:Myanmar 1143:Central 1118:Uruguay 1098:Ecuador 1078:Bolivia 1009:Central 975:Bahamas 938:Senegal 933:Nigeria 913:Liberia 852:Namibia 836:Tunisia 831:Morocco 816:Algeria 770:Somalia 725:Eritrea 715:Burundi 657:Central 119:from a 2209:Turkey 1969:Greece 1694:France 1653:Serbia 1618:Kosovo 1608:Greece 1572:Sweden 1567:Norway 1557:Latvia 1511:Russia 1470:Poland 1446:Europe 1393:Kuwait 1388:Jordan 1383:Israel 1273:Brunei 1216:Taiwan 1083:Brazil 1052:Mexico 1047:Canada 1031:Panama 903:Guinea 795:Zambia 790:Uganda 760:Rwanda 745:Malawi 664:Angola 650:Africa 540:Russia 533:Europe 524:Turkey 519:Taiwan 193:Banjul 176:Banjul 147:Jawara 97:Turkey 73:Turkey 62:Gambia 2074:Water 1783:Tonga 1778:Samoa 1663:Spain 1623:Malta 1613:Italy 1433:Yemen 1423:Syria 1413:Qatar 1247:Nepal 1237:India 1225:South 1196:Japan 1191:China 1088:Chile 1066:South 990:Haiti 928:Niger 898:Ghana 873:Benin 826:Libya 821:Egypt 809:North 780:Sudan 735:Kenya 699:Gabon 494:India 489:China 394:1999. 289:1999. 2034:ECHR 1872:NATO 1403:Oman 1371:Iraq 1366:Iran 1293:Laos 1184:East 1136:Asia 1108:Peru 980:Cuba 948:Togo 918:Mali 866:West 708:East 679:Chad 499:Iran 477:Asia 127:and 95:and 2057:Oil 174:to 129:IMF 117:PPP 2221:: 2143:/ 558:/ 327:^ 315:^ 303:^ 281:^ 269:^ 99:. 2185:: 610:e 603:t 596:v 430:e 423:t 416:v 20:)

Index

Gambia–Turkey relations
Map indicating locations of Gambia and Turkey
Gambia
Turkey
relations
The Gambia
Turkey
Senegalese
Dawda Jawara
PPP
Mandinka
World Bank
IMF
President
Dawda Jawara
President
Jawara
Yahya Jammeh
Istanbul
Banjul
Turkish Maarif Foundation
Banjul
Gambia portal
Turkey portal
icon
Politics portal
Foreign relations of The Gambia
Foreign relations of Turkey

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