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123:-dominated organization into a nationwide party enabled inter-ethnic cooperation and boosted Gambia's well-earned reputation for a beacon of democracy. Turkey has been very supportive of Gambia under Dawda Jawara and facilitated its economic situation with developmental and financial aid along with an Economic Recovery Program designed by the
369:“The Military and ‘Democratization’ in The Gambia: 1994–2002.” In Political Liberalization and Democratization in Africa: Lessons from Country Experiences, eds. Julius O. Ihonvbere and John M. Mbaku, pp. 179–96.
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Obadare, Ebenezer. “The
Military and Democracy in The Gambia.” In Governance and Democratisation in West Africa, eds. Dele Olowu, Adebayo Williams, and Kayode Soremekun, pp. 343–57. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA,
288:
Obadare, Ebenezer. “The
Military and Democracy in The Gambia.” In Governance and Democratisation in West Africa, eds. Dele Olowu, Adebayo Williams, and Kayode Soremekun, pp. 343–57. Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA,
428:
378:
Bojang, Sheriff. “Who's for
President?” New African, March 2006: p. 22. Ceesay, Ebrima J. The Military and ‘Democratisation’ in The Gambia: 1994–2003. Victoria, BC, Canada: Trafford, 2006.
390:
N’Diaye, Boubacar, Abdoulaye Saine, and
Mathurin Houngnikpo. Not Yet Democracy: West Africa's Slow Farewell to Authoritarianism. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2005: pp. 51–106.
322:
N’Diaye, Boubacar, Abdoulaye Saine, and
Mathurin Houngnikpo. Not Yet Democracy: West Africa's Slow Farewell to Authoritarianism. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press, 2005: pp. 51–106.
2021:
994:
683:
387:
Kandeh, Jimmy D. “What Does the ‘Militariat’ Do When It Rules? Military
Regimes: The Gambia, Sierra Leone and Liberia.” Review of African Political Economy 69 (1996): pp. 387–404.
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107:
The Gambia and Turkey had generally friendly relations. Despite widespread skepticism about its survival, The Gambia retained its sovereignty despite persistent
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363:“The Gambia's Changing Political, Economic, and Social Landscape: A Regime(s) Performance Evaluation, 1994–2002.” Africa Insight 33, 3 (2003): pp. 57–64.
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Relations improved in 1996–1997 with a formal return to elections and Turkey lifted economic sanctions that had thrown The Gambia's economy into chaos.
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366:“The Gambia's ‘Elected Autocrat Poverty, Peripherality, and Political Instability,’ 1994–2006.” Armed Forces & Society 34, 3 (2008): pp. 450–73.
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Relations detonated on July 22, 1994 when a group of disaffected junior army officers seized power in a bloodless coup that allowed safe passage to
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145:
Dawda Jawara's Gambia's well-earned reputation as one of the few democratic regimes in Africa, Western allies were late in coming to the rescue of
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Saine, Abdoulaye S. M. “The 1996/1997 Presidential and
National Assembly Elections in The Gambia.” Electoral Studies 16, 4 (1997): 554–59.
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Commonwealth
Observer Group. The Gambia Presidential Election: 18th October 2001. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2002.
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Wiseman, John A. “Military Rule in The Gambia: An
Interim Assessment.” Third World Quarterly 17, 5 (1996): pp. 917–40.
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Perfect, David. “Politics and
Society in The Gambia since Independence.” History Compass 6, 2 (2008): pp. 426–38.
372:
Ajayi, Simon Ademola. Yahya Jammeh and the Gambian Revolution: 1994–2001. Ibadan, Nigeria: Stirling-Horden, 2003.
298:
Perfect, David. “Politics and Society in The Gambia since Independence.” History Compass 6, 2 (2008): pp. 426–38.
276:
Ajayi, Simon Ademola. Yahya Jammeh and the Gambian Revolution: 1994–2001. Ibadan, Nigeria: Stirling-Horden, 2003.
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149:’s government. Turkey, along with Western allies, promptly cut off aid to the military junta led by
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Baldeh, Ebrima. “Gambia's First University Proves Its Worth.” New African, April 2007: p. 40.
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pressure for union and numerous ethnic groups that plagued the security of other countries.
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360:“The Gambia: From Coup to Elections.” Journal of Democracy 9, 2 (1998): pp. 64–75.
357:“Post-Coup Politics in The Gambia.” Journal of Democracy 13, 4 (2002): pp. 167–72.
310:“Post-Coup Politics in The Gambia.” Journal of Democracy 13, 4 (2002): pp. 167–72.
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Dabo, Bakary B. “Living in Crisis.” West Africa, 13–19 February 1995: pp. 217–18.
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Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2018.
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1981:Border with Armenia
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1831:Multilateral
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1668:Vatican City
1418:Saudi Arabia
1170:Turkmenistan
943:Sierra Leone
878:Burkina Faso
857:South Africa
569:Multilateral
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191:operates in
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151:Yahya Jammeh
139:Dawda Jawara
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113:Dawda Jawara
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2091:Blue Stream
2086:Natural gas
1855:Arab League
1746:New Zealand
1734:Australasia
1714:Switzerland
1709:Netherlands
1308:Philippines
1211:South Korea
1206:North Korea
1150:Afghanistan
775:South Sudan
514:Philippines
509:North Korea
2219:Categories
2106:TurkStream
1986:Azerbaijan
1891:Historical
1808:Yugoslavia
1704:Luxembourg
1648:San Marino
1628:Montenegro
1344:Azerbaijan
1283:East Timor
1232:Bangladesh
1175:Uzbekistan
1165:Tajikistan
1160:Kyrgyzstan
1155:Kazakhstan
1016:Costa Rica
923:Mauritania
893:The Gambia
883:Cape Verde
765:Seychelles
755:Mozambique
740:Madagascar
484:Azerbaijan
261:References
125:World Bank
109:Senegalese
93:The Gambia
2145:in Turkey
1930:Diplomacy
1833:relations
1771:Polynesia
1755:Melanesia
1741:Australia
1562:Lithuania
1408:Palestine
1313:Singapore
1288:Indonesia
1266:Southeast
1257:Sri Lanka
1123:Venezuela
1073:Argentina
1026:Nicaragua
1021:Guatemala
968:Caribbean
750:Mauritius
640:relations
638:Bilateral
143:President
136:President
131:in 1985.
89:relations
2197:Politics
2155:Minister
2134:Missions
1658:Slovenia
1643:Portugal
1586:Southern
1525:Northern
1496:Bulgaria
1475:Slovakia
1359:Abkhazia
1318:Thailand
1303:Malaysia
1278:Cambodia
1252:Pakistan
1242:Maldives
1201:Mongolia
1113:Suriname
1103:Paraguay
1093:Colombia
1040:Northern
961:Americas
845:Southern
800:Zimbabwe
785:Tanzania
730:Ethiopia
720:Djibouti
669:Cameroon
549:Missions
504:Malaysia
452:Americas
200:See also
172:Istanbul
121:Mandinka
91:between
2183:Portals
1991:Georgia
1843:Current
1727:Oceania
1699:Germany
1689:Belgium
1684:Austria
1677:Western
1603:Croatia
1593:Albania
1552:Ireland
1547:Iceland
1542:Finland
1537:Estonia
1532:Denmark
1516:Ukraine
1506:Romania
1501:Moldova
1491:Belarus
1484:Eastern
1465:Hungary
1453:Central
1398:Lebanon
1354:Georgia
1349:Bahrain
1339:Armenia
1332:Western
1323:Vietnam
1298:Myanmar
1143:Central
1118:Uruguay
1098:Ecuador
1078:Bolivia
1009:Central
975:Bahamas
938:Senegal
933:Nigeria
913:Liberia
852:Namibia
836:Tunisia
831:Morocco
816:Algeria
770:Somalia
725:Eritrea
715:Burundi
657:Central
119:from a
2209:Turkey
1969:Greece
1694:France
1653:Serbia
1618:Kosovo
1608:Greece
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1567:Norway
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1511:Russia
1470:Poland
1446:Europe
1393:Kuwait
1388:Jordan
1383:Israel
1273:Brunei
1216:Taiwan
1083:Brazil
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903:Guinea
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790:Uganda
760:Rwanda
745:Malawi
664:Angola
650:Africa
540:Russia
533:Europe
524:Turkey
519:Taiwan
193:Banjul
176:Banjul
147:Jawara
97:Turkey
73:Turkey
62:Gambia
2074:Water
1783:Tonga
1778:Samoa
1663:Spain
1623:Malta
1613:Italy
1433:Yemen
1423:Syria
1413:Qatar
1247:Nepal
1237:India
1225:South
1196:Japan
1191:China
1088:Chile
1066:South
990:Haiti
928:Niger
898:Ghana
873:Benin
826:Libya
821:Egypt
809:North
780:Sudan
735:Kenya
699:Gabon
494:India
489:China
394:1999.
289:1999.
2034:ECHR
1872:NATO
1403:Oman
1371:Iraq
1366:Iran
1293:Laos
1184:East
1136:Asia
1108:Peru
980:Cuba
948:Togo
918:Mali
866:West
708:East
679:Chad
499:Iran
477:Asia
127:and
95:and
2057:Oil
174:to
129:IMF
117:PPP
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