452:
31:
617:
were other members of PB. Adhikari supported BTR line, and as such was responsible for it. The party elected a new PB in 1950 and suspended BTR leadership including
Adhikari. Adhikari made a remarkable self-critical analysis. He then went to Punjab to work as an ordinary member in 1951. He worked
233:
Gangadhar
Adhikari joined IISc (Indian Institute of Science), Bangalore as a research scholar. Impressed by the achievements of Germany, he learnt German. He wrote MSc dissertation on extraction of salts from barium sulphate, passing MSc without having to appear for viva. He was one of those rare
634:
in 1964. He played important role in formulating new program and delivered the Report on Party
Program at Bombay congress (1964). He was elected to Central Secretariat with specific responsibility of Party Education. At the Patna congress, he was elected to CEC, heading the Party Education and
639:, of which several volumes were published. He meticulously collected materials from all over the world, building rich Archives. He continued this work till he almost lost his sight and till death. Later he withdrew from all party posts, devoting himself entirely to study and research.
515:
Dr
Adhikari was arrested on 20 March 1929 along with 31 others and lodged in Meerut Jail in most inhuman conditions. He was made secretary of the Jail Group and drafted many documents. Motilal Nehru and others came to meet him and other prisoners. He was released in March 1933.
250:
Prof
Vollmar helped Adhikari in every way, their friendship lasting lifetime. Adhikari later met him again in GDR in 1964. After PhD Gangadhar became Dr Adhikari, later known as ‘Doc’. Adhikari met many world famous scientists and also collaborated with scientists like
205:
In this typical urbanized
Maharashtrian family, Gangadhar passed his formative years. His early schooling was in Education Society’s High School at Dadar, and matriculation from Wilson College in 1916. He was 8th in the whole Presidency, getting a scholarship.
582:
Adhikari was married to Vimal
Samarth in 1943 in a simple wedding in the Commune, where they lived too. Their son Vijay died while swimming at Juhu Beach in 1963, affecting both of them deeply, particularly Vimal, who got mentally upset.
439:(WPP). During WPP meeting in Calcutta in 1928 end, a secret meeting of CC of CPI was also held on 27-29 December 1928. It admitted Adhikari as CPI member and also included him in CC. He got to know prominent CPI leaders more closely.
524:
As Party outside was in a bad shape, Adhikari and some others organised a meeting of available comrades, forming a provisional CC with Dr G Adhikari as general secretary. He played a key role in party’s unification at the time.
586:
Adhikari was sent to Lahore in 1943 to sort out organizational problems. Patiently conducting a three-day GB of Punjab party members, he guided formation of new leadership. He also attended All India Bhakna Kisan
Conference.
442:
In Bombay, he lived in a workers' chawl, doing his own cooking. He got a paltry sum of Rs 25 p.m. from his father towards expenses. He did
Marxist education among workers. Later he shifted to Girni Kamgar Union (GKU) office.
621:
Dr
Adhikari was elected to CC in Madurai (1953-54) and Palghat congresses (1956). He delivered Report on new Party Constitution at Amritsar (5th) congress. He was elected to NC and CEC and then again at Vijaywada (1961).
426:
on colonial question. Top CID officers searched his belongings from morning till afternoon at the port but only got hold of Marxist literature. They were displayed as ‘evidence’ in Meerut Conspiracy Case in 1929.
246:
in Berlin. He joined Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg to study physical chemistry. Scientific attainments and knowledge of German language enabled him to complete doctorate in three instead of six years.
262:
Lack of money forced him to live on one meal only. So his professor found him work of measuring expansion coefficient of ceramics and then as research assistant. He even worked as chemist in a factory in 1927.
893:
559:
polling officer. He also became Politburo member of CPI along with P. C. Joshi, Bhardwaj, and Ajoy Ghosh. He went underground when Second World War broke out. One of his hideouts was the flat of
399:
Adhikari approached Virendranath to help him go to Soviet Union. Though Virendranath could smuggle him in, he advised against as the British CID would harass him badly. So it was off.
923:
202:
family. His grandfather was a small landlord in Ratnagiri, but losing property, became a clerk in district collector's office. Adhikari;s father shifted to Bombay, living in a chawl.
928:
358:
in 1928. Virendranath brought him in contact with CPG. It had its headquarters in Karl Liebknecht's house. His membership application was signed by Virendranath and
230:. He passed his Intermediate science exams in 1918 topping in the entire state. He graduated in 1920. He was awarded scholarship at every stage of education.
606:
898:
555:
Adhikari was elected to Bombay Provincial Congress Committee in 1939, defeating Shantabai Vengarkar. Dilshad Chari was Adhikari's polling agent and
214:
Gangadhar attended his first political meeting in 1918, addressed by Tilak. He also listened to speeches at Marathi Literary Society established by
913:
918:
594:
of February 1946, he persuaded RIN ratings not to blow up the ammunition dump at Castle Barracks, which would have endangered people’s lives.
861:
815:
691:
531:
He was arrested in May 1934, sent to Byculla Jail and then Bijapur Jail. In February 1937, he made a dramatic escape from Bijapur helped by
423:
903:
436:
667:
as it stressed the importance of a nationality to share a common language, a defined territory and a common national consciousness.
663:
645:
Adhikari died at 83 years of age on 21 November 1981 due to heart attack. His wife Vimal had died at the beginning of the year.
908:
618:
there in general elections of 1952. He also worked as an ordinary member in Parliamentary Office in Delhi and later in Bombay.
571:
Adhikari was elected to CC and PB at the First Congress of CPI held in 1943 in Bombay. In June 1943 Adhikari became editor of
331:, and others visited as CPG leaders as well. Adhikari delivered his first speech in German on Jallianwalan Bagh anniversary.
243:
199:
545:
became acting general secretary. Back in Bombay, Adhikari became one of the architects of party organ ‘National Front’.
389:, general secretary of CPG, who became famous after contesting presidential elections, receiving 12.6 percent of votes.
286:
289:, a revolutionary and Communist, who founded Indian Association, whose meetings Dr. Adhikari attended. Adhikari met
355:
313:
290:
181:(CPI), one of the oldest political parties in India. He was a chemical scientist who earned his Ph.D. degree in
591:
560:
472:
242:
Preferring Germany to England for monetary reasons, he set sail for Germany in July 1922 from Colombo, joining
178:
140:
43:
597:
Adhikari attended a conference of CPs of British colonies in London in February-March 1947, representing CPI.
308:
Adhikari attended political lectures of Max Beer and others at India House, read John Reed, RPD, etc. RPD's
382:
549:
362:, leader of youth section of CPG and general secretary of League Against Imperialism. Adhikari also met
227:
853:
The Political Philosophies of Antonio Gramsci and B. R. Ambedkar: Itineraries of Dalits and Subalterns
451:
198:
Gangadhar Moreshwar Adhikari was born on 8 December 1898 in Panvel, Colaba district, near Mumbai in a
888:
883:
328:
302:
630:
He wrote extensively during ideological-political discussions in 1960s, including an important work
504:
359:
699:
760:
274:
832:
857:
811:
752:
542:
492:
464:
378:
114:
78:
851:
484:
480:
460:
223:
174:
779:
556:
386:
298:
110:
614:
610:
500:
496:
488:
468:
339:
877:
741:"Translating Marx: Mavali, Dalit and the Making of Mumbai's Working Class, 1928-1935"
658:
476:
343:
320:
256:
219:
483:, Gopen Chakravarti, Kishori Lal Ghosh, L. R. Kadam, D. R. Thengdi, Goura Shanker,
408:
324:
294:
30:
805:
721:
508:
416:
412:
252:
215:
118:
653:
Adhikari's position on the national question, published in 1943 under the name
635:
Studies Department. He was also entrusted with collecting, editing and writing
532:
270:
came to see him, as he wanted to ‘have a look’ at the young Indian scientist.
66:
756:
548:
Adhikari lectured at Mantenavaripalam Summer School of Politics (AP), where
363:
338:. He met Jaisurya Naidu, Suhasini Chattopadhyaya (sister of Virendranath),
312:
finally "converted" him! He regularly visited bookshop in central office of
459:
prisoners taken outside the jail. Back row (left to right): K. N. Sehgal,
422:
Adhikari returned to Bombay in December 1928, secretly carrying Theses of
807:
Surkh Salam: Communist Politics and Class Activism in Pakistan, 1947-1972
267:
259:. The latter two later worked in the Manhattan atom bomb project in USA.
764:
407:
Adhikari felt isolated from events back home. Wanting to return, he met
740:
579:. His analyses of the battle fronts in World War II were widely read.
456:
182:
106:
392:
Adhikari went to his factory every day with a copy of party paper
535:, reaching Calcutta. There he drafted a Manifesto of CPI, titled
528:
He was very active in the widespread strike movement those days.
177:
and prolific writer. He was the former general secretary of the
642:
He was Chairman of Central Control Commission in his last days.
218:
and others in the College. Adhikari was deeply impressed by
632:
Communist Party and India's Path to National Regeneration
366:
and Clemens Dutt, elder brother of RPD in the League.
319:
Adhikari soon became president of Indian Association.
234:
students who was awarded Master's degree in absentia.
894:
Communist Party of India politicians from Maharashtra
499:. Front row: M. G. Desai, D. Goswami, R. S. Nimbkar,
377:
directly from German into Marathi. Adhikari also met
266:
It was during his work at University laboratory that
173:(8 December 1898 – 21 November 1981) was a prominent
154:
146:
136:
124:
93:
88:
72:
60:
41:
21:
435:Adhikari contacted C. J. Desai and M. G. Desai of
244:Frederick Wilhelm University (Humboldt University)
346:, a friend of India and China, was ever present.
924:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra
539:, circulated in Faizpur session of Congress.
8:
419:for future prospects. They promised help.
373:(Marathi, Bombay) and translated Engels's
273:Among those whom Adhikari tutored was Dr.
29:
18:
672:Documents of the Communist Party of India
605:Adhikari was elected to the CC and PB at
385:. He regularly attended mass meetings of
929:Prisoners and detainees of British India
722:"Dr. Gangadhar Adhikari and SG Sardesai"
450:
396:(Red Flag) and discussed with workers.
683:
277:, the future Director General of CSIR.
799:
797:
795:
793:
226:, and had great regard for scientist
7:
431:At Communist Party of India meetings
698:. 20 February 2015. Archived from
696:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
655:Pakistan and Indian National Unity
375:Questions and Answers on Communism
350:Joining Communist Party of Germany
14:
692:"Adhikari, Gangadhar 1898 – 1981"
664:Marxism and the National Question
850:Zene, Cosimo (23 October 2013).
334:He was deeply moved by the film
899:20th-century Indian politicians
780:"A vital chapter from the past"
914:20th-century Indian historians
609:in Calcutta in February 1948.
567:First party congress and later
301:and others, who later founded
285:While in Berlin, Adhikari met
1:
919:Indian independence activists
745:Economic and Political Weekly
200:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
437:Workers’ and Peasants’ Party
670:He compiled the ten volume
637:Documents of History of CPI
590:Being actively involved in
479:, G. Adhikari. Middle row:
287:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
16:Indian Marxist theoretician
945:
726:bhupinder_singh.tripod.com
563:, biographer of Gandhiji.
356:Communist Party of Germany
314:Communist Party of Germany
904:Indian Marxist historians
804:Kamran Asdar Ali (2015).
447:In Meerut Conspiracy Case
162:
84:
49:
42:General Secretary of the
37:
28:
592:Royal Indian Navy mutiny
520:General secretary of CPI
316:for Marxist literature.
179:Communist Party of India
141:Communist Party of India
44:Communist Party of India
613:(GS), Bhowani Sen, and
381:, later his comrade in
909:Indian Marxist writers
739:Shaikh, Juned (2011).
512:
455:Portrait of 25 of the
424:6th Comintern congress
383:Meerut Conspiracy Case
210:In touch with politics
171:Dr. Gangadhar Adhikari
454:
354:Soon Adhikari joined
833:"MAKING OF A THESIS"
329:S. Srinivasa Iyengar
303:Jamia Millia Islamia
175:Marxist theoretician
607:2nd congress of CPI
336:Battleship Potemkin
767:– via JSTOR.
657:, was inspired by
513:
281:Political contacts
23:Gangadhar Adhikari
863:978-1-134-49408-8
817:978-0-19-940308-0
379:Lester Hutchinson
166:
165:
115:Bombay Presidency
936:
868:
867:
847:
841:
840:
828:
822:
821:
801:
788:
787:
778:PATI, BISWAMOY.
775:
769:
768:
736:
730:
729:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
688:
550:C. Rajeswara Rao
465:H. L. Hutchinson
360:Willi Münzenberg
224:R. G. Bhandarkar
131:
128:21 November 1981
103:
101:
89:Personal details
75:
63:
54:
33:
19:
944:
943:
939:
938:
937:
935:
934:
933:
874:
873:
872:
871:
864:
849:
848:
844:
831:NOORANI, A. G.
830:
829:
825:
818:
810:. p. 296.
803:
802:
791:
777:
776:
772:
738:
737:
733:
720:
719:
715:
705:
703:
702:on 20 July 2020
690:
689:
685:
680:
651:
628:
626:Split and later
603:
569:
561:D. G. Tendulkar
557:Bhulabhai Desai
552:first met him.
537:Gathering Storm
522:
449:
433:
405:
403:Return to India
387:Ernst Thaelmann
352:
283:
240:
212:
196:
191:
137:Political party
129:
111:Colaba District
105:
104:8 December 1898
99:
97:
73:
61:
55:
50:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
942:
940:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
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896:
891:
886:
876:
875:
870:
869:
862:
842:
823:
816:
789:
770:
731:
713:
682:
681:
679:
676:
650:
647:
627:
624:
615:Somnath Lahiri
611:B. T. Ranadive
602:
599:
568:
565:
521:
518:
511:, Gopal Basak.
501:S. S. Mirajkar
497:Muzaffar Ahmad
489:K. N. Joglekar
469:Shaukat Usmani
448:
445:
432:
429:
404:
401:
351:
348:
340:Sarojini Naidu
282:
279:
275:Hussain Zaheer
239:
236:
211:
208:
195:
192:
190:
187:
164:
163:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
132:(aged 82)
126:
122:
121:
95:
91:
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
76:
70:
69:
64:
58:
57:
47:
46:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
941:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
879:
865:
859:
856:. Routledge.
855:
854:
846:
843:
838:
834:
827:
824:
819:
813:
809:
808:
800:
798:
796:
794:
790:
785:
781:
774:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751:(31): 65–73.
750:
746:
742:
735:
732:
727:
723:
717:
714:
701:
697:
693:
687:
684:
677:
675:
673:
668:
666:
665:
660:
659:Joseph Stalin
656:
648:
646:
643:
640:
638:
633:
625:
623:
619:
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612:
608:
600:
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584:
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578:
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566:
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553:
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544:
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538:
534:
529:
526:
519:
517:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
475:, A. Prasad,
474:
473:B. F. Bradley
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
446:
444:
440:
438:
430:
428:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
402:
400:
397:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:He wrote for
367:
365:
361:
357:
349:
347:
345:
344:Agnes Smedley
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
321:Motilal Nehru
317:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Zakir Hussain
288:
280:
278:
276:
271:
269:
264:
260:
258:
257:Eugene Wigner
254:
248:
245:
237:
235:
231:
229:
225:
221:
220:Khudiram Bose
217:
209:
207:
203:
201:
193:
188:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
161:
157:
153:
150:Vimal Samarth
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
127:
123:
120:
119:British India
116:
112:
108:
96:
92:
87:
83:
80:
77:
71:
68:
65:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
852:
845:
836:
826:
806:
783:
773:
748:
744:
734:
725:
716:
704:. Retrieved
700:the original
695:
686:
671:
669:
662:
654:
652:
649:Bibliography
644:
641:
636:
631:
629:
620:
604:
596:
589:
585:
581:
577:People's Age
576:
575:and then of
573:People's War
572:
570:
554:
547:
541:
536:
530:
527:
523:
514:
485:S. Bannerjee
441:
434:
421:
409:Meghnad Saha
406:
398:
393:
391:
374:
370:
368:
353:
342:and others.
335:
333:
325:Muhammad Ali
318:
309:
307:
295:Abid Hussain
284:
272:
265:
261:
249:
241:
232:
213:
204:
197:
170:
169:
167:
158:Theoretician
130:(1981-11-21)
74:Succeeded by
51:
889:1981 deaths
884:1898 births
543:P. C. Joshi
509:S. V. Ghate
505:S. A. Dange
493:P. C. Joshi
481:R. R. Mitra
417:C. V. Raman
413:Satyen Bose
310:India Today
253:Leo Szilard
216:S. A. Dange
62:Preceded by
878:Categories
678:References
601:BTR period
533:Ajoy Ghosh
461:S. S. Josh
415:, and Sir
394:Rote Fahne
238:In Germany
228:J. C. Bose
194:Early life
155:Occupation
100:1898-12-08
79:P.C. Joshi
67:S.V. Ghate
837:Frontline
784:Frontline
757:0012-9976
477:P. Spratt
364:M. N. Roy
299:M. Mujeeb
189:Biography
185:in 1927.
56:1933–1935
52:In office
765:23017878
268:Einstein
222:and Dr.
706:19 July
860:
814:
763:
755:
457:Meerut
371:Kranti
183:Berlin
147:Spouse
107:Panvel
761:JSTOR
858:ISBN
812:ISBN
753:ISSN
708:2020
255:and
125:Died
94:Born
661:'s
880::
835:.
792:^
782:.
759:.
749:46
747:.
743:.
724:.
694:.
674:.
507:,
503:,
495:,
491:,
487:,
471:,
467:,
463:,
411:,
327:,
323:,
305:.
297:,
293:,
117:,
113:,
109:,
866:.
839:.
820:.
786:.
728:.
710:.
102:)
98:(
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