146:
22:
328:(MR) most commonly demonstrates a circumscribed solid or mixed solid and cystic mass spanning a long segment of the cord with hypointense T1 signal and hyperintense T2 signal in the solid component. Enhancement patterns are highly variable, ranging from minimal to marked, and may be solid, rim, or nodular. Adjacent cord edema and
368:
tissue, motor and sensory function may preclude complete resection of tumor. According to a series by Lang et al., reviewing several patients with resected spinal cord ganglioglioma, the 5- and 10-year survival rates after total resection were 89% and 83%, respectively. In that study, patients with
343:
are more familiar intramedullary tumors which share many similar features to ganglioglioma, including T2 hyperintensity, enhancement, tumoral cysts, and cord edema. Poorly defined margins may be more suggestive of astrocytoma, while a central location in the spinal cord, hemorrhage, and
1140:
1040:
758:
699:
249:
of spinal ganglioglioma has been seen in only a select few cases. Poor prognostic factors for adults with gangliogliomas include older age at diagnosis, male sex, and malignant histologic features.
388:
is also typically reserved for anaplastic ganglioglioma, but has been used anecdotally in partially resected low grade spinal cord gangliogliomas which show evidence of disease progression.
384:
is generally regarded to have no role in the treatment of ganglioglioma. In fact, radiation therapy may induce malignant transformation of a recurrent ganglioglioma several years later.
261:
glial and ganglion cells which are disorganized, variably cellular, and non-infiltrative. Occasionally, it may be challenging to differentiate ganglion cell tumors from an infiltrating
352:
and paraganglioma are less usual intramedullary tumors, but since they are more frequently encountered than ganglioglioma, they should also be included in the differential diagnosis.
597:
377:
ganglioglioma. It has been recognized that postoperative results correlate closely with preoperative neurological status as well as the ability to achieve complete resection.
671:
543:
Lang FF, Epstein FJ, Ransohoff J, Allen JC, Wisoff J, Abbott IR, Miller DC (December 1993). "Central nervous system gangliogliomas. Part 2: Clinical outcome".
1003:
245:
component is considered to represent WHO grade III (anaplastic ganglioglioma). Criteria for WHO grade II have been suggested, but are not established.
446:
421:
1124:
1048:
972:
285:
confined to the neuronal component, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, and small foci of calcification are common, as is immunopositivity for
364:, and a good prognosis is generally expected when this is achieved. However, indistinct tumor margins and the desire to preserve normal
301:
labeling index is associated with more aggressive tumor behavior in both children and adults with gangliogliomas. The rare occurrence of
810:
664:
442:
1175:
105:
998:
335:
It is nearly impossible to differentiate ganglioglioma from other more common intramedullary neoplasms based on imaging alone.
657:
43:
39:
86:
273:
and dysmorphic neurons are helpful clues favoring ganglioglioma over glioma. The glial component of ganglioglioma includes
805:
58:
977:
154:
850:
65:
325:
266:
32:
1062:
901:
896:
688:
608:
397:
302:
246:
72:
680:
196:
637:
1152:
Note: Not all brain tumors are of nervous tissue, and not all nervous tissue tumors are in the brain (see
820:
815:
749:
214:
54:
1180:
1117:
1076:
800:
385:
145:
1081:
891:
924:
317:
1088:
1030:
361:
281:. The neoplastic neuronal components are often clustered or irregularly oriented. Fibrovascular
1101:
845:
710:
560:
500:
381:
270:
162:
1153:
919:
552:
490:
480:
349:
305:
is confined to the glial cell population, and is characterized by increased cellularity and
79:
993:
837:
294:
282:
519:"Ganglioglioma | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program"
518:
962:
953:
883:
602:
495:
468:
374:
290:
167:
119:
1169:
1071:
873:
370:
329:
286:
218:
417:
1108:
1096:
825:
768:
613:
967:
929:
795:
763:
715:
649:
365:
345:
336:
321:
221:
of children and young adults. They are mixed cell tumors containing both neural
21:
556:
1112:
1025:
868:
340:
258:
226:
222:
485:
320:(CT) is generally not a recommended modality for diagnosis and evaluation of
787:
735:
274:
190:
504:
564:
265:
with entrapped neurons. The presence of neoplastic ganglion cells forming
1017:
860:
632:
332:
and peritumoral cysts may be present in addition to reactive scoliosis.
306:
589:
945:
778:
278:
262:
238:
242:
653:
1141:
WHO classification of the tumors of the central nervous system
380:
With the exception of WHO grade III anaplastic ganglioglioma,
298:
15:
360:
Definitive treatment for ganglioglioma requires gross total
579:
1133:
1061:
1039:
1016:
986:
942:
912:
882:
859:
836:
786:
777:
757:
748:
724:
696:
687:
623:
583:
189:
181:
173:
161:
135:
130:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
257:Histologically, ganglioglioma is composed of both
369:spinal cord ganglioglioma had a 3.5-fold higher
237:Gangliogliomas are generally benign WHO grade I
217:(CNS) tumor which most frequently occurs in the
118:For the tumor sometimes called a ganglioma, see
467:Oppenheimer DC, Johnson MD, Judkins AR (2015).
373:of tumor recurrence compared to patients with
665:
8:
241:; the presence of anaplastic changes in the
1004:Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes
309:, endothelial proliferation, and necrosis.
783:
774:
754:
693:
672:
658:
650:
580:
144:
127:
494:
484:
348:staining are often seen with ependymoma.
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1125:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
1049:Primary central nervous system lymphoma
973:Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
409:
447:St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
422:St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
153:Dysplastic cerebellar ganglioglioma (
7:
177:Usually childhood to young adulthood
44:adding citations to reliable sources
811:Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
473:Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
469:"Ganglioglioma of the Spinal Cord"
213:) is a rare, slow-growing primary
14:
277:with varying degrees of cellular
999:Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
20:
289:, neuron-specific enolase, and
31:needs additional citations for
1093:Cranial and paraspinal nerves
1:
806:Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
681:Tumours of the nervous system
851:Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
1197:
557:10.3171/jns.1993.79.6.0867
117:
1149:
523:rarediseases.info.nih.gov
152:
143:
1176:Nervous system neoplasia
978:Lhermitte–Duclos disease
902:Choroid plexus carcinoma
897:Choroid plexus papilloma
486:10.4103/2156-7514.166355
398:Lhermitte-Duclos disease
324:tumors. Evaluation with
303:malignant transformation
247:Malignant transformation
155:Lhermitte–Duclos disease
545:Journal of Neurosurgery
197:five-year survival rate
821:Anaplastic astrocytoma
816:Fibrillary astrocytoma
215:central nervous system
1077:Esthesioneuroblastoma
801:Pilocytic astrocytoma
386:Adjuvant chemotherapy
275:fibrillary astrocytes
1082:Ganglioneuroblastoma
987:CNS embryonal tumors
892:Choroid plexus tumor
40:improve this article
925:Gliomatosis cerebri
318:Computed Tomography
1089:Nerve sheath tumor
1031:Hemangiopericytoma
624:External resources
362:surgical resection
326:Magnetic Resonance
269:, the presence of
1163:
1162:
1102:Neurofibromatosis
1057:
1056:
1012:
1011:
938:
937:
846:Oligodendroglioma
744:
743:
711:Craniopharyngioma
647:
646:
382:radiation therapy
267:abnormal clusters
225:cells and neural
203:
202:
185:Primarily surgery
125:Medical condition
116:
115:
108:
90:
1188:
1154:brain metastasis
1118:Acoustic neuroma
920:Oligoastrocytoma
913:Multiple/unknown
784:
775:
755:
729:
704:
694:
674:
667:
660:
651:
581:
569:
568:
540:
534:
533:
531:
529:
515:
509:
508:
498:
488:
464:
458:
457:
455:
453:
439:
433:
432:
430:
428:
414:
350:Hemangioblastoma
307:mitotic activity
148:
128:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1145:
1129:
1053:
1035:
1008:
994:Medulloblastoma
982:
944:
934:
908:
878:
855:
838:Oligodendrocyte
832:
767:
761:
759:Neuroepithelial
740:
725:
720:
697:
683:
678:
648:
643:
642:
619:
618:
592:
578:
573:
572:
542:
541:
537:
527:
525:
517:
516:
512:
466:
465:
461:
451:
449:
443:"Ganglioglioma"
441:
440:
436:
426:
424:
418:"Ganglioglioma"
416:
415:
411:
406:
394:
358:
315:
255:
235:
126:
123:
112:
101:
95:
92:
55:"Ganglioglioma"
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1194:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1068:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
990:
988:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
963:Retinoblastoma
960:
954:Ganglioneuroma
950:
948:
940:
939:
936:
935:
933:
932:
927:
922:
916:
914:
910:
909:
907:
906:
905:
904:
899:
888:
886:
884:Choroid plexus
880:
879:
877:
876:
871:
865:
863:
857:
856:
854:
853:
848:
842:
840:
834:
833:
831:
830:
829:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
792:
790:
781:
772:
752:
746:
745:
742:
741:
739:
738:
732:
730:
722:
721:
719:
718:
713:
707:
705:
691:
685:
684:
679:
677:
676:
669:
662:
654:
645:
644:
641:
640:
628:
627:
625:
621:
620:
617:
616:
605:
593:
588:
587:
585:
584:Classification
577:
576:External links
574:
571:
570:
551:(6): 867–873.
535:
510:
459:
434:
408:
407:
405:
402:
401:
400:
393:
390:
375:supratentorial
357:
354:
314:
311:
291:chromogranin A
254:
253:Histopathology
251:
234:
233:Classification
231:
219:temporal lobes
201:
200:
199:among children
193:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
168:Neuro-oncology
165:
159:
158:
150:
149:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
124:
120:Ganglioneuroma
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1193:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1157:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1072:Neuroblastoma
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1041:Hematopoietic
1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
989:
985:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:Ganglioglioma
955:
952:
951:
949:
947:
941:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
911:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
889:
887:
885:
881:
875:
874:Subependymoma
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
862:
858:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
839:
835:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
797:
794:
793:
791:
789:
785:
782:
780:
776:
773:
770:
769:spinal tumors
765:
760:
756:
753:
751:
747:
737:
734:
733:
731:
728:
723:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
703:
701:
695:
692:
690:
686:
682:
675:
670:
668:
663:
661:
656:
655:
652:
639:
635:
634:
630:
629:
626:
622:
615:
611:
610:
606:
604:
600:
599:
595:
594:
591:
586:
582:
575:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
539:
536:
524:
520:
514:
511:
506:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
463:
460:
448:
444:
438:
435:
423:
419:
413:
410:
403:
399:
396:
395:
391:
389:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
371:relative risk
367:
363:
355:
353:
351:
347:
342:
338:
333:
331:
330:syringomyelia
327:
323:
319:
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:synaptophysin
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:gangliocytoma
208:
207:ganglioglioma
198:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
166:
164:
160:
156:
151:
147:
142:
139:Gangliocytoma
138:
134:
131:Ganglioglioma
129:
121:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1181:Rare cancers
1151:
1109:Neurilemmoma
1097:Neurofibroma
957:
826:Glioblastoma
764:brain tumors
726:
698:
631:
607:
596:
548:
544:
538:
526:. Retrieved
522:
513:
476:
472:
462:
450:. Retrieved
437:
425:. Retrieved
412:
379:
359:
334:
316:
271:binucleation
256:
236:
229:components.
210:
206:
204:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
968:Neurocytoma
930:Gliosarcoma
796:Astrocytoma
716:Pituicytoma
366:spinal cord
346:hemosiderin
337:Astrocytoma
322:spinal cord
293:. Elevated
174:Usual onset
136:Other names
1170:Categories
1113:Schwannoma
1026:Meningioma
869:Ependymoma
404:References
341:ependymoma
259:neoplastic
227:glial cell
223:ganglionic
66:newspapers
788:Astrocyte
736:Pinealoma
689:Endocrine
356:Treatment
313:Diagnosis
191:Prognosis
182:Treatment
163:Specialty
1018:Meninges
861:Ependyma
633:Orphanet
505:26605127
452:March 9,
427:March 8,
392:See also
195:>90%
96:May 2021
614:D018303
603:M9505/1
565:8246055
528:14 June
496:4629305
80:scholar
946:neuron
943:Mature
779:Glioma
727:Other:
700:Sellar
638:251949
563:
503:
493:
479:: 53.
283:stroma
279:atypia
263:glioma
239:tumors
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1134:Other
598:ICD-O
295:Ki-67
243:glial
87:JSTOR
73:books
609:MeSH
561:PMID
530:2019
501:PMID
454:2023
429:2023
339:and
297:and
209:(or
59:news
1063:PNS
750:CNS
553:doi
491:PMC
481:doi
299:p53
42:by
1172::
1156:).
956::
636::
612::
601::
559:.
549:79
547:.
521:.
499:.
489:.
475:.
471:.
445:.
420:.
205:A
1111:/
1065::
771:)
766:,
762:(
702::
673:e
666:t
659:v
590:D
567:.
555::
532:.
507:.
483::
477:5
456:.
431:.
157:)
122:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
