1886:
554:
29:
531:
338:
369:), a Joseon-era government building. There, they offer rice liquor to the gods and spirits. After a Confucian ritual is performed, they then begin ritually brewing alcohol. The local government and people in the community donate rice for this process. In 2023, 6,527 households donated a record 16,800 kg (37,000 lb) of rice. Then a shamanic purification ritual is performed. For several weeks, access to the brewing alcohol is restricted, as it is believed that people or animals could damage its purity.
1168:
550:). Shamanic rituals are continually performed throughout the day, with audiences going in and out of the main stage area. The shamans cover various subjects in their rituals, including filial piety, peace, safety, families, love, war, evil spirits, poverty, and success. Spirits are said to descend to the hall to listen to the prayers of people there.
522:). On the way, the procession stops at the house of the bride's family, where a large feast with shamanic music and dance is held. At 7 p.m., the procession continues marching, until they reach it at 9 p.m. The spiritual tablets are placed on the main altar of the festival. Shamans play music and dance at the shrine.
627:
On the afternoon of the 7th day of the 5th month, a
Confucian conclusion ritual is performed. In the evening, a large bonfire is lit. Various ritual equipment used in the festival, including the sacred tree branch and spirit tablets, are put in the fire, to symbolize the return of the spirits back to
509:
In the evening of the 1st day of the 5th month, after rituals and dances at the shrine, the tablets of the married gods and the sacred branch are removed from the shrine of the female god, and a procession is held for them through the main street of the city to the main festival grounds, the
Danojang
710:, folk customs became elevated to sources of pride. Around this time, Gangneung Danoje developed a position of prestige as one of the largest cultural festivals in South Korea. Federal and state support increased through the 1990s and 2000s, which led to the festival being listed on what is now the
1224:
717:
The festival is now reportedly a source of pride for the city. Gangneung is reportedly the only city to have consistently hosted a Dano festival even during the colonial period and the Korean War. It is also a significant source of tourism, with 623,000 visitors to the festival in 2023. One man
455:
On the 15th day of the 4th month, the festival's leaders and the common people march with the spiritual tablet of the local guardian god and sacred branch. They visit various sacred places and shrines in and under the mountain. The procession is said to have 99 curves and valleys; it eventually
683:
that attempts were made to revive the festival. Many of the previous practices were forgotten due to the colonial period; scholarly efforts occurred for years to reconstruct the activities of the festival. Records from a
Japanese survey in the 1930s and interviews from elders were used.
721:
In 2021, the 13th
Gangneung Dano Festival will open on June 10 and run for eight days until the 17th. According to the Gangneung Danoje Committee, it consists of programs that present the direction of Danoje in the post-corona era. The meeting will be held in the wake of the prolonged
679:, Korean traditional festivals and culture in general was heavily restricted by colonial authorities. In spite of this, merchants in Gangneung were able to convince colonial authorities to allow them to preserve some of the rites of the festival. It was only after the 1950–1953
1210:
642:) is possibly attested to by the 10th century, although there is some uncertainty if it is the same god as the one worshipped in the festival. There is an attestation to rituals surrounding appeasing mountain gods in a 1477 text called
711:
500:
On that same day, the procession arrives at the shrine of a female local god, and hold a marriage ceremony between the two local gods. Their spirit tablets are seated side-by-side, and a 15-day honeymoon is held in the shrine.
268:
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Outside the ritual hall is a open stage for various performances. Guests have been invited to perform in this venue; for example, in 2007, performers from other UNESCO-recognized cultural traditions, including
1915:
703:, which was reportedly in general unfavorable to folk customs, as it wanted Korea to modernize. The government reportedly became more open to protecting folk customs in the late 1970s.
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742:
Originally this was performed by just the townspeople, but beginning in the Joseon period, local officials became involved. In the Joseon period, the ceremony was led by the
264:
252:
The festival's origins are unclear; it is at least 400 years old, and possibly has its origins in rituals over 1000 years old. The tradition was repressed in the 1910–1945
1905:
538:
From the 1st day to the 7th day of the 5th month, shamanic rituals, traditional mask plays, and markets are held. Each day, the festival begins with a morning ritual (
435:) whose shrine is below that of the mountain god's. After a series of rituals, the head shaman goes up to a tree on the mountain, and brings from it a sacred branch (
283:), Gangneung Danoje is distinguished by its unique practices and long historical continuity. The festival has a mix of various different traditions, particularly
357:) occurs. It focuses on the ceremonial brewing of alcohol. Representatives of the city of Gangneung, led by a city government official, gather at Chilsadang (
1488:
249:, between the 20th day of the 3rd month to the 7th day of the 5th month. Its purpose is to appease the local gods, and in turn to receive their blessings.
302:. Legend has it that, as a young boy, Kim was given a sword of mystic power by a hermit in a cave near Gangneung. He then went on to become a general of
687:
In 1967, the festival was made
National Important Intangible Cultural Property No. 13. In 1973, an organization named Cultural Institute of Gangneung (
1233:
447:). More rituals are performed, to appease and welcome the god. From this day onwards, shamans perform daily rituals at the shrine to appease the god.
1202:
911:
480:). There, the village hosts rituals and performances. In the afternoon, the procession goes to another shrine at the village Haksan (
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A number of local deities are the focus of the festival. One god is the mountain god, who was once the human and historical figure
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699:) was established; in this group was a subgroup dedicated to organizing the festival. This group reportedly clashed with the
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28:
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Kim, Kwang Ok (2020). "After the heritage – The fate of
Gangneng Danoje between religious ritual and cultural festival".
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1920:
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310:. There is also the head guardian spirit of the city, who was another human and historical figure: the Buddhist monk
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In the morning of the 5th day of the 4th month, the festival's leaders travel up to a shrine to the mountain god (
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The following is a description of the events of the festival, with dates given in the Korean calendar.
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reported that local companies would give their employees time off for the festival.
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In the afternoon of the same day, people pay homage to the head local guardian god (
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While the holiday Dano is celebrated elsewhere in Korea and even in China (
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UNESCO Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
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UNESCO Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
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804:"Gangneung carries spirit of communal harmony through Danoje tradition"
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It is not known when and how the festival came about. A mountain god (
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of
Myanmar, were invited. In 2005, traditional Korean games, such as
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It is now the biggest event in
Gangneung. Since 1967, it has been a
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The female god is said to have been born and raised in the city.
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619: chaos), are held, with food and drink sold in abundance.
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On the 20th day of 3rd month, the ceremony Shinjugŭnyang (
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rituals, traditional performances, food and drink, bonfire
242:. The festival is traditionally held for 47 days: in the
197:
659:
recorded that he saw the festival then in his 1611 text
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930:
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341:
A ritual washing being performed at the festival (2014)
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1234:
UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural
1916:
National Intangible Cultural Heritage of South Korea
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505:Stage 6: Inviting the gods to the festival grounds
267:of South Korea, and since 2005 it has been on the
230:), is a yearly celebration of the Korean holiday
1002:"A festival of pleasant chaos: Gangneung Danoje"
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748:, now it is led by the mayor of Gangneung.
373:Stage 2: Rites for the god of the mountain
27:
18:
1906:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
602:), began to be organized for this area.
413:Stage 3: Inviting the local guardian god
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33:A performance during the festival (2014)
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1193:The Gangneung Danoje Festival – UNESCO
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708:democratization movement of the 1980s
265:National Intangible Cultural Heritage
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1080:"UNESCO - Gangneung Danoje festival"
912:Encyclopedia of Korean Local Culture
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333:Stage 1: Ritual brewing of alcohol
14:
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16:South Korean traditional festival
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1711:Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals
1504:Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut
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974:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
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566:puppetry from Indonesia, the
496:Stage 5: Marriage of the gods
258:cultural assimilation efforts
240:Gangwon Province, South Korea
1294:Baul tradition of Bangladesh
802:Lee, Hae-rin (2023-07-06).
431:
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80:) 20th day of the 3rd month
1937:
534:A ritual being held (2014)
92:) 7th day of the 5th month
1882:
1821:Tugging rituals and games
1569:Ladkah Buddhist chantings
1429:Gangneung Danoje Festival
1243:
1108:"'천년 축제' 강릉 단오제 오늘 막 오른다"
979:Academy of Korean Studies
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26:
1751:Royal ballet of Cambodia
677:Japanese colonial period
468:) in the village Gusan (
407:shamanic dance and music
254:Japanese colonial period
53:Appeasing the local gods
1544:Koshikijima no Toshidon
1369:Chinese shadow puppetry
592:; Korean swing games),
308:Three Kingdoms of Korea
62:Korean shamanic rituals
1816:Thathera utensil craft
1761:Royal Ancestral Ritual
1364:Chinese seal engraving
1349:Chinese block printing
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1404:Durga Puja in Kolkata
1359:Chinese paper cutting
1175:at Wikimedia Commons
675:During the 1910–1945
628:the original places.
568:Mevlevi Sema Ceremony
556:
533:
456:arrives at a shrine (
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1796:Songkran in Thailand
1701:Oku-noto no Aenokoto
1394:Dragon Boat Festival
1344:Chinese architecture
1236:Heritage of Humanity
1106:윤, 왕근 (2021-06-10).
907:"구산 서낭제 - 디지털강릉문화대전"
572:Khmer shadow theatre
526:Stage 7: Main events
281:Dragon Boat Festival
220:), called by locals
179:Revised Romanization
113:Dragon Boat Festival
1599:Manipuri Sankirtana
1354:Chinese calligraphy
623:Stage 8: Conclusion
451:Stage 4: Procession
285:Korean Confucianism
1921:Festivals in Korea
1604:Mangal Shobhajatra
1409:Epic of King Gesar
1262:Akiu no Taue Odori
1146:. pp. 55–75.
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1619:Mibu no Hana Taue
1479:Hitachi Furyumono
1384:Dainichido Bugaku
1238:/Asia and Pacific
1171:Media related to
1069:, pp. 57–58.
1027:, pp. 64–65.
954:, pp. 62–63.
937:, pp. 61–62.
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724:COVID-19 pandemic
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1180:Official website
1173:Gangneung Danoje
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1657:
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1597:
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1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
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1497:
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1490:
1489:Hudhud Chants
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
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1397:
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1389:Darangen Epic
1387:
1385:
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1377:
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1372:
1370:
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1365:
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1357:
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1327:
1325:
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1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Beijing opera
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:Bakhshi music
1282:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1249:
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1228:
1223:
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1216:
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1209:
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1199:
1195:
1190:
1187:
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1177:
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1174:
1169:
1161:
1155:
1153:9781003031291
1149:
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1129:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1100:
1096:
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1075:
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1068:
1063:
1060:
1057:, p. 58.
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1042:, p. 57.
1041:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1007:
1003:
996:
994:
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980:
977:(in Korean),
976:
975:
970:
963:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
914:
913:
908:
902:
899:
896:, p. 61.
895:
890:
888:
886:
882:
878:
873:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
852:, p. 60.
851:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
834:
831:, p. 65.
830:
825:
822:
811:
810:
805:
798:
796:
794:
792:
788:
785:, p. 55.
784:
779:
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771:
764:
754:
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747:
746:
739:
736:
729:
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631:
629:
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608:
603:
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585:
584:
580:(wrestling),
579:
578:
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569:
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532:
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523:
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63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:, South Korea
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1871:Yūki-tsumugi
1856:Yeondeunghoe
1776:Sand drawing
1706:Pencak silat
1529:Katta Ashula
1444:Gong culture
1428:
1165:
1138:
1116:. Retrieved
1111:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:
1074:
1062:
1020:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:
982:, retrieved
972:
916:. Retrieved
910:
901:
872:
824:
813:. Retrieved
807:
753:
743:
738:
720:
716:
705:
686:
674:
662:Sŏngsobubugo
660:
643:
635:
626:
606:
604:
598:(similar to
593:
583:geune ttwigi
581:
575:
560:
537:
508:
499:
454:
416:
391:Daeguallyong
376:
344:
328:
297:
278:
262:
251:
221:
207:
206:
124:
123:
58:Celebrations
50:Significance
1861:Yeongsanjae
1771:Saman dance
1756:Regong arts
1689:Uzbekistani
1629:Mosie ramie
1624:Morin khuur
1609:Mazu belief
1564:Koodiyattam
1469:Hansan Mosi
1459:Guqin music
1379:Daimokutate
1339:Chhau dance
1252:Moxibustion
1248:Acupuncture
1182:(in Korean)
1114:(in Korean)
706:During the
665: [
648: [
325:Description
315: [
214::
1900:Categories
1846:Xuan paper
1826:Urtiin Duu
1791:Shiraz rug
1579:Lenj boats
1549:Kumbh Mela
1524:Kashan rug
1449:Grand Song
1374:Daemokjang
1334:Cheoyongmu
1329:Chakkirako
1257:Ainu dance
1118:2021-06-12
1089:2024-06-27
1011:2024-06-27
984:2024-06-27
918:2024-06-27
815:2024-06-27
765:References
681:Korean War
600:tug of war
300:Kim Yu-sin
275:Background
1911:Gangneung
1806:Taekkyeon
1781:Sbek Toch
1696:Nuad Thai
1554:Kumiodori
1188:by UNESCO
1144:Routledge
595:juldarigi
244:lunisolar
236:Gangneung
97:Frequency
43:Gangneung
1851:Yamahoko
1664:Nhã nhạc
1634:Mudiyett
1594:Mak yong
1574:Lakalaka
1519:Kalbelia
1272:Angklung
1067:Kim 2020
1055:Kim 2020
1040:Kim 2020
1025:Kim 2020
952:Kim 2020
935:Kim 2020
894:Kim 2020
877:Kim 2020
865:Kim 2020
850:Kim 2020
829:Kim 2020
783:Kim 2020
657:Heo Gyun
1811:Ta'zīye
1801:Ssireum
1741:Ramlila
1731:Quan họ
1726:Pungmul
1716:Pansori
1659:Naqqāli
1614:Meshrep
1539:Khoomei
1509:Jultagi
1499:Jamdani
1464:Haenyeo
1434:Gimjang
1314:Bunraku
1304:Bokator
1278:Arirang
1198:YouTube
1130:Sources
967:임, 동권,
632:History
607:nanjang
577:ssireum
222:Danogut
1876:Yunjin
1836:Wayang
1746:Ramman
1721:Pinisi
1684:Afghan
1679:Nowruz
1654:Nanyin
1644:Naadam
1514:Kabuki
1484:Hua'er
1414:Gagaku
1324:Ca trù
1150:
745:hojang
693:;
615:;
564:Wayang
544:;
516:;
486:;
474:;
462:;
441:;
429:;
423:;
399:;
383:;
363:;
351:;
291:, and
212:Korean
133:Hangul
100:Annual
73:Begins
1736:Radif
1639:Muqam
1584:Lhamo
1559:Kunqu
1454:Guqin
1419:Gagok
1289:Batik
730:Notes
696:江陵文化院
690:강릉문화원
669:]
652:]
639:대관령산신
319:]
312:Pŏmil
304:Silla
234:, in
217:강릉단오제
149:Hanja
140:강릉단오제
1866:Yoga
1674:Nora
1534:Khon
1267:Akyn
1250:and
1148:ISBN
617:lit.
589:그네뛰기
426:國師城隍
420:국사성황
354:神酒謹釀
348:신주근양
232:Dano
109:Dano
85:Ends
1669:Noh
1196:on
1112:뉴스1
519:端午場
513:단오장
465:城隍堂
459:성황당
402:大關嶺
396:대관령
386:山神堂
380:산신당
366:七事堂
360:칠사당
227:단오굿
1902::
1110:.
1098:^
1082:.
1047:^
1032:^
1004:.
992:^
971:,
959:^
942:^
927:^
909:.
884:^
857:^
836:^
806:.
790:^
773:^
714:.
667:ko
650:ko
612:난장
547:朝奠
541:조전
489:鶴散
483:학산
477:邱山
471:구산
444:神木
438:신목
409:.
317:ko
295:.
287:,
271:.
238:,
111:,
64:,
1280:"
1276:"
1226:e
1219:t
1212:v
1156:.
1121:.
1092:.
1014:.
921:.
818:.
671:.
609:(
586:(
510:(
393:(
224:(
210:(
169:祭
166:午
163:端
160:陵
157:江
88:(
76:(
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