472:-like physiological properties and natriuretic and antihypertensive actions. Those macrocyclic carbon suboxide polymer compounds are thought to be endogenous digoxin-like regulators of Na/K-ATP-ases and Ca-dependent ATP-ases, and endogenous natriuretics and antihypertensives. Other than that, some authors think also that those macrocyclic compounds of carbon suboxide can possibly diminish free radical formation and oxidative stress and play a role in endogenous anticancer protective mechanisms, for example in the
840:
409:
511:. Endogenous sulfur dioxide lowered lipid peroxidation, free radical formation, oxidative stress and inflammation during an experimental lung damage. Conversely, a successful lung damage caused a significant lowering of endogenous sulfur dioxide production, and an increase in lipid peroxidation, free radical formation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, blockade of an
911:
4222:
887:. Commercial ripening rooms use "catalytic generators" to make ethylene gas from a liquid supply of ethanol. Typically, a gassing level of 500 to 2,000 ppm is used, for 24 to 48 hours. Care must be taken to control carbon dioxide levels in ripening rooms when gassing, as high temperature ripening (20 °C; 68 °F) has been seen to produce CO
3823:
Huang, Guoqiang; Kilic, Azad; Karady, Michal; Zhang, Jiao; Mehra, Poonam; Song, Xiaoyun; Sturrock, Craig J.; Zhu, Wanwan; Qin, Hua; Hartman, Sjon; Schneider, Hannah M.; Bhosale, Rahul; Dodd, Ian C.; Sharp, Robert E.; Huang, Rongfeng; Mooney, Sacha J.; Liang, Wanqi; Bennett, Malcolm J.; Zhang, Dabing;
565:
is higher and the level of endogenous sulfur dioxide is lower than in normal control children. Moreover, these biochemical parameters strongly correlated to the severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Authors considered homocysteine to be one of useful biochemical markers of disease severity and
262:
content of arterial blood may be lowered to 10â20 mm Hg (the oxygen content of the blood is little affected), and the respiratory drive is diminished. This is why one can hold one's breath longer after hyperventilating than without hyperventilating. This carries the risk that unconsciousness may
918:
Ethylene is produced from essentially all parts of higher plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits, tubers, and seeds. Ethylene production is regulated by a variety of developmental and environmental factors. During the life of the plant, ethylene production is induced during certain
843:
An ethylene signal transduction pathway. Ethylene permeates the membrane and binds to a receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum. The receptor releases the repressed EIN2. This then activates a signal transduction pathway which activates a regulatory genes that eventually trigger an
Ethylene response.
604:
and L-type ("dihydropyridine") calcium channels. Endogenous sulfur dioxide is also a potent antiinflammatory, antioxidant and cytoprotective agent. It lowers blood pressure and slows hypertensive remodeling of blood vessels, especially thickening of their intima. It also regulates lipid metabolism.
3767:
Pandey, Bipin K.; Huang, Guoqiang; Bhosale, Rahul; Hartman, Sjon; Sturrock, Craig J.; Jose, Lottie; Martin, Olivier C.; Karady, Michal; Voesenek, Laurentius A. C. J.; Ljung, Karin; Lynch, Jonathan P.; Brown, Kathleen M.; Whalley, William R.; Mooney, Sacha J.; Zhang, Dabing; Bennett, Malcolm J. (15
898:
in closed rooms to enhance the ripening of pears. In 1864, it was discovered that gas leaks from street lights led to stunting of growth, twisting of plants, and abnormal thickening of stems. In 1901, a
Russian scientist named Dimitry Neljubow showed that the active component was ethylene. Sarah
3682:
Liu, Zeguang; Hartman, Sjon; van Veen, Hans; Zhang, Hongtao; Leeggangers, Hendrika A C F; Martopawiro, Shanice; Bosman, Femke; de Deugd, Florian; Su, Peng; Hummel, Maureen; Rankenberg, Tom; Hassall, Kirsty L; Bailey-Serres, Julia; Theodoulou, Frederica L; Voesenek, Laurentius A C J; Sasidharan,
600:. In higher concentrations it causes endothelium-independent vasodilation and has a negative inotropic effect on cardiac output function, thus effectively lowering blood pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption. The vasodilating effects of sulfur dioxide are mediated via ATP-dependent
4138:
CsanĂĄdy GA, Denk B, PĂŒtz C, Kreuzer PE, Kessler W, Baur C, Gargas ML, Filser JG (May 15, 2000). "A physiological toxicokinetic model for exogenous and endogenous ethylene and ethylene oxide in rat, mouse, and human: formation of 2-hydroxyethyl adducts with hemoglobin and DNA".
2899:
Eszter Tuboly; Andrea SzabĂł; DĂ©nes Garab; GĂĄbor Bartha; Ăgnes
Janovszky; GĂĄbor Eroâłs; Anna SzabĂł; ĂrpĂĄd MohĂĄcsi; GĂĄbor SzabĂł; JĂłzsef Kaszaki; MiklĂłs Ghyczy; MihĂĄly Boros (15 January 2013). "Methane biogenesis during sodium azide-induced chemical hypoxia in rats".
3558:
Hartman, S; Liu, Z; van Veen, H; Vicente, J; Reinen, E; Martopawiro, S; Zhang, H; van Dongen, N; Bosman, F; Bassel, GW; Visser, EJW; Bailey-Serres, J; Theodoulou, FL; Hebelstrup, KH; Gibbs, DJ; Holdsworth, MJ; Sasidharan, R; Voesenek, LACJ (5 September 2019).
768:, which are then available as buffers for dietary acids. Ammonium is excreted in the urine, resulting in net acid loss. Ammonia may itself diffuse across the renal tubules, combine with a hydrogen ion, and thus allow for further acid excretion.
432:, CO, for example, during heme oxidation by heme oxygenase-1. It can also be formed from malonic acid. It has been shown that carbon suboxide in an organism can quickly polymerize into macrocyclic polycarbon structures with the common formula (C
412:
Those are 6- or 8-ring macrocyclic polymers of carbon suboxide that were found in living organisms. They are acting as an endogenous digoxin-like Na+/K+-ATP-ase and Ca-dependent ATP-ase inhibitors, endogenous natriuretics, antioxidants and
3512:
Negi, Sangeeta; Sukumar, Poornima; Liu, Xing; Cohen, Jerry D.; Muday, Gloria K. (January 2010). "Genetic dissection of the role of ethylene in regulating auxin-dependent lateral and adventitious root formation in tomato".
4051:
Filser JG, Denk B, Törnqvist M, Kessler W, Ehrenberg L (1992). "Pharmacokinetics of ethylene in man; body burden with ethylene oxide and hydroxyethylation of hemoglobin due to endogenous and environmental ethylene".
2565:
Yang R, Yang Y, Dong X, Wu X, Wei Y (Aug 2014). "Correlation between endogenous sulfur dioxide and homocysteine in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease".
1926:
JevtoviÄ-TodoroviÄ V, TodoroviÄ SM, Mennerick S, Powell S, Dikranian K, Benshoff N, Zorumski CF, Olney JW (Apr 1998). "Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) is an NMDA antagonist, neuroprotectant and neurotoxin".
1915:
Finck, A. D., Samaniego, E., Ngai, S.H. . Nitrous oxide selectively releases met5-enkephalin and met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 into canine third ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Anesthesia and
Analgesia 80:
3462:
Dawood, Thikra; Yang, Xinping; Visser, Eric J.W.; te Beek, Tim A.H.; Kensche, Philip R.; Cristescu, Simona M.; Lee, Sangseok; FlokovĂĄ, KristĂœna; Nguyen, Duy; Mariani, Celestina; Rieu, Ivo (April 2016).
3223:
Crocker W, Hitchcock AE, Zimmerman PW. (1935) "Similarities in the effects of ethlyene and the plant auxins". Contrib. Boyce
Thompson Inst. 7. 231-48. Auxins Cytokinins IAA Growth substances, Ethylene
935:
of flowers. Ethylene production can also be induced by a variety of external aspects such as mechanical wounding, environmental stresses, and certain chemicals including auxin and other regulators.
827:
Some other researchers have shown that methane, produced by the intestinal flora, is not fully "biologically neutral" to the intestine, and it participates in the normal physiologic regulation of
701:, has been shown to be mediated not only by NO generation, but also by endogenous cyanide generation, which adds not only toxicity, but also some additional antihypertensive efficacy compared to
894:
Ethylene has been used since the ancient
Egyptians, who would gash figs in order to stimulate ripening (wounding stimulates ethylene production by plant tissues). The ancient Chinese would burn
343:
O) that a gas had a direct action at pharmacological receptors and thereby acted as a neurotransmitter. In vitro experiments confirmed these observations which were replicated at NIDA later.
354:-mediated activity and ionic currents and diminishes NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Nitrous oxide also inhibits methionine synthase and slows the conversion of
1970:
Christensen B, Refsum H, Garras A, Ueland PM (Jun 1992). "Homocysteine remethylation during nitrous oxide exposure of cells cultured in media containing various concentrations of folates".
903:
in 1917. It wasn't until 1934 that Gane reported that plants synthesize ethylene. In 1935, Crocker proposed that ethylene was the plant hormone responsible for fruit ripening as well as
1517:
DeMaster EG, Quast BJ, Redfern B, Nagasawa HT (Sep 12, 1995). "Reaction of nitric oxide with the free sulfhydryl group of human serum albumin yields a sulfenic acid and nitrous oxide".
973:(ACO), formerly known as the ethylene forming enzyme (EFE). Ethylene biosynthesis can be induced by endogenous or exogenous ethylene. ACC synthesis increases with high levels of
1047:
Environmental cues such as flooding, drought, chilling, wounding, and pathogen attack can induce ethylene formation in plants. In flooding, roots suffer from lack of oxygen, or
68:) and that are used to transmit chemical signals which induce certain physiological or biochemical changes in the organism, tissue or cell. The term is applied to, for example,
389:
and alter their structure and function. The ability of nitrous oxide to alter the structure and function of these proteins was demonstrated by shifts in infrared spectra of
400:
and NMDA systerosclerosis, severe sepsis, severe malaria, or autoimmunity. Clinical tests involving humans have been performed, but the results have not yet been released.
377:. Nevertheless, studies have shown that nitrous oxide can reversibly and non-covalently "insert" itself into the inner structures of some heme-containing proteins such as
251:
Although the body requires oxygen for metabolism, low oxygen levels normally do not stimulate breathing. Rather, breathing is stimulated by higher carbon dioxide levels.
2721:
Borowitz JL, Gunasekar PG, Isom GE (12 Sep 1997). "Hydrogen cyanide generation by mu-opiate receptor activation: possible neuromodulatory role of endogenous cyanide".
4095:
Bolt HM, Leutbecher M, Golka K (1997). "A note on the physiological background of the ethylene oxide adduct 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine in DNA from human blood".
2764:
Gunasekar PG, Prabhakaran K, Li L, Zhang L, Isom GE, Borowitz JL (May 2004). "Receptor mechanisms mediating cyanide generation in PC12 cells and rat brain".
4254:
2130:"Interactions of the anesthetic nitrous oxide with bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase. Effects on protein structure, oxidase activity, and other properties"
2210:
Gillman MA, Lichtigfeld FJ (January 1981). "A comparison of the effects of morphine sulphate and nitrous oxide analgesia on chronic pain states in man".
1637:
Gillman MA, Lichtigfeld FJ (January 1981). "A comparison of the effects of morphine sulphate and nitrous oxide analgesia on chronic pain states in man".
962:
2254:
1040:
sequences for ethylene receptors have also been identified in many other plant species and an ethylene binding protein has even been identified in
3084:
2883:
2595:"Sulfur dioxide inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via suppressing the Erk/MAP kinase pathway mediated by cAMP/PKA signaling"
1608:
1078:
1052:
958:
2485:"Endogenous sulfur dioxide protects against oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in association with inhibition of oxidative stress in rats"
4968:
4372:
4226:
970:
282:
2679:"Endogenous sulfur dioxide protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury and increases myocardial antioxidant capacity in rats"
2434:
799:(during process of lipid peroxidation). And they have also shown that the endogenous methane production rises during an experimental
844:
The activated DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into a functional enzyme that is used for ethylene biosynthesis.
263:
result before the need to breathe becomes overwhelming, which is why hyperventilation is particularly dangerous before free diving.
2281:"The structure of the digitalislike and natriuretic factors identified as macrocyclic derivatives of the inorganic carbon suboxide"
542:
function, and aberrant or deficient sulfur dioxide metabolism can contribute to several different cardiovascular diseases, such as
2642:
Wang XB, Jin HF, Tang CS, Du JB (16 Nov 2011). "The biological effect of endogenous sulfur dioxide in the cardiovascular system".
1188:
closing except in some water plants or habitually flooded ones such as some rice varieties, where the opposite occurs (conserving
4247:
1840:
Daras, C; Cantrill, R; Gillman, MA (1983). "(3H)Naloxone displacement: evidence for nitrous oxide as opioid receptor agonist".
1764:
Daras C, Cantrill RC, Gillman MA (April 1983). "naloxone displacement: evidence for nitrous oxide as opioid receptor agonist".
551:
4671:
1270:
in DNA, forming an adduct 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-guanine, and this poses an intrinsic carcinogenic risk. It is also mutagenic.
281:
important in many physiological and pathological processes, acting, for instance, as a powerful vasodilator in humans (see
4341:
3981:
Wilmowicz E, Kesy J, Kopcewicz J (December 2008). "Ethylene and ABA interactions in the regulation of flower induction in
654:, as analgesic action of opioids was attenuated by HCN scavengers. They considered endogenous HCN to be a neuromodulator.
2406:
Tubaro E. (Jun 1966). "Carbon suboxide, the probable precursor of an antitumor cellular sustance [sic]: retina".
2048:"Anesthetic-like interactions of nitric oxide with albumin and hemeproteins. A mechanism for control of protein function"
4988:
4691:
4666:
4306:
589:. Smooth muscle cell proliferation is one of important mechanisms of hypertensive remodeling of blood vessels and their
2280:
1166:
Inhibits stem growth and stimulates stem and cell broadening and lateral branch growth outside of seedling stage (see
493:
4174:
Thier R, Bolt HM (Sep 2000). "Carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of ethylene oxide: new aspects and recent advances".
4978:
4240:
738:
308:. In vitro studies have shown that endogenous nitrous oxide can be formed by the reaction between nitric oxide and
531:
produced and decreased the lung damage, the free radical formation, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
4759:
4446:
4377:
650:). Moreover, increased endogenous neuronal HCN production under opioids was seemingly needed for adequate opioid
468:), and that those macrocyclic compounds are potent inhibitors of Na/K-ATP-ase and Ca-dependent ATP-ase, and have
3101:
Neljubov D. (1901). "Uber die horizontale
Nutation der Stengel von Pisum sativum und einiger anderen Pflanzen".
497:
4696:
2369:"Characterization of the macrocyclic carbon suboxide factors as potent Na,K-ATPase and SR Ca-ATPase inhibitors"
286:
1266:, N-hydroxyethyl-valine). Endogenous ethylene oxide, just as like environmental (exogenous) one, can alkylate
3883:
Rosado, Daniele; Ackermann, Amanda; Spassibojko, Olya; Rossi, Magdalena; Pedmale, Ullas V (4 February 2022).
2089:"Characterization of sites occupied by the anesthetic nitrous oxide within proteins by infrared spectroscopy"
4809:
4701:
4367:
1124:
1048:
635:
969:
is key for the ethylene biosynthesis. The final step requires oxygen and involves the action of the enzyme
4814:
4681:
4661:
4626:
4526:
3885:"WRKY transcription factors and ethylene signaling modify root growth during the shade-avoidance response"
3364:"Root-Bacteria Associations Boost Rhizosheath Formation in Moderately Dry Soil through Ethylene Responses"
1680:
Gillman MA, Lightigfeld FJ (February 1981). "The similarity of the action of nitrous oxide and morphine".
746:
408:
1055:(ACC). ACC is transported upwards in the plant and then oxidized in leaves. The ethylene produced causes
4973:
4804:
4721:
4336:
3685:"Ethylene augments root hypoxia tolerance via growth cessation and reactive oxygen species amelioration"
1583:
Torres, M.J.; Simon, J.; Rowley, G.; Bedmar, E.J.; Richardson, D.J.; Gates, A.J.; Delgado, M.J. (2016),
947:
831:. And its excess causes not only belching, flatulence and belly pain, but also functional constipation.
543:
362:, increases homocysteine concentration and decreases methionine concentration. This effect was shown in
3362:
Zhang, Yingjiao; Du, Huan; Xu, Feiyun; Ding, Yexin; Gui, Yao; Zhang, Jianhua; Xu, Weifeng (June 2020).
3465:"A Co-Opted Hormonal Cascade Activates Dormant Adventitious Root Primordia upon Flooding in dulcamara"
3081:
721:. It is biosynthesised through normal amino acid metabolism, but is toxic in high concentrations. The
4731:
4706:
4326:
4321:
3837:
3781:
3572:
3188:
2951:
2333:
1148:
1144:
1009:
810:
intoxication. They thought that methane could be one of intercellular signals of hypoxia and stress.
698:
2834:
965:(ACS). The activity of ACS determines the rate of ethylene production, therefore regulation of this
1167:
643:
638:
by endogenous or exogenous opioids. They have also shown that neuronal production of HCN activates
278:
187:
2047:
4983:
4711:
4552:
4531:
4480:
4199:
4120:
4077:
3826:"Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms"
3805:
3749:
3206:
3157:
3149:
3018:
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2789:
2746:
2235:
2028:
1952:
1705:
1662:
1584:
1385:
1279:
1113:
growth â increasing the efficiency of water and mineral absorption through rhizosheath formation
978:
824:, including an experimental imitation of endotoxemia by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration.
570:
386:
199:
3233:
Yang, S. F.; Hoffman N. E. (1984). "Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants".
2936:
761:
561:
In children with pulmonary arterial hypertension due to congenital heart diseases, the level of
839:
519:
significantly increased the amount of lung tissue damage in the experiment. Conversely, adding
4521:
4495:
4191:
4156:
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4002:
3963:
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3714:
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2454:
2415:
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2349:
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2192:
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2110:
2069:
2020:
1979:
1944:
1898:
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1822:
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1565:
1534:
1499:
1452:
1434:
1377:
1338:
1320:
1117:
803:
647:
3769:
1877:"Effects of nitrous oxide and halothane on mu and kappa opioid receptors in guinea-pig brain"
1801:"Effects of nitrous oxide and halothane on mu and kappa opioid receptors in guinea-pig brain"
593:, so it is an important pathogenetic mechanism in arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis.
190:
important in many physiological and pathological processes, acting via cellular gasoreceptor
4925:
4882:
4676:
4263:
4183:
4148:
4104:
4061:
4033:
3994:
3953:
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3641:
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3530:
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3484:
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3334:
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3273:
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3141:
3133:
3054:
3002:
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2773:
2730:
2690:
2651:
2614:
2606:
2537:
2496:
2446:
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2219:
2182:
2141:
2100:
2059:
2010:
1936:
1888:
1849:
1812:
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1689:
1646:
1596:
1526:
1489:
1424:
1416:
1369:
1328:
1312:
1131:
1056:
867:. It acts at trace levels throughout the life of the plant by stimulating or regulating the
785:
750:
665:
628:
586:
582:
492:, in mammalian biology is not well understood. Sulfur dioxide blocks nerve signals from the
163:
151:
120:
108:
85:
53:
2935:
Tuboly E, SzabĂł A, ErĆs G, MohĂĄcsi A, SzabĂł G, Tengölics R, RĂĄkhely G, Boros M (Dec 2013).
1554:"The Reductive Metabolism of Nitric Oxide in Hepatocytes: Possible Interaction with Thiols"
756:
Ammonia is important for normal animal acid/base balance. After formation of ammonium from
4877:
3088:
2542:
2525:
2462:
957:(SAM, also called Adomet) by the enzyme Met Adenosyltransferase. SAM is then converted to
601:
547:
429:
417:
159:
147:
142:
127:
116:
60:
or are received by the organism, tissue or cell from outside (say, from the atmosphere or
17:
4020:
Cockshull KE, Horridge JS (1978). "2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid and Flower
Initiation by
2807:
Smith RP, Kruszyna H (Jan 1976). "Toxicology of some inorganic antihypertensive anions".
3841:
3785:
3732:
Barry, Cornelius S.; Giovannoni, James J. (6 June 2007). "Ethylene and Fruit
Ripening".
3576:
3246:
3192:
2955:
2368:
2337:
2321:
566:
sulfur dioxide metabolism to be one of potential therapeutic targets in those patients.
346:
Apart from its direct and indirect actions at opioid receptors, it was also shown that N
4939:
4557:
4500:
4465:
4331:
3958:
3933:
3909:
3884:
3860:
3825:
3709:
3684:
3656:
3629:
3593:
3560:
3489:
3464:
3439:
3412:
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1429:
1404:
1333:
1244:
1138:
796:
734:
702:
694:
520:
485:
231:
198:
in cells or organisms must be tighly regulated to ensure normoxic and not uncontrolled
77:
73:
57:
2993:
Sahakian AB, Jee SR, Pimentel M (Aug 2010). "Methane and the gastrointestinal tract".
2734:
2435:"Sulfur dioxide: a novel gaseous signal in the regulation of cardiovascular functions"
2384:
2146:
2105:
1553:
4962:
4930:
4857:
4572:
4301:
3809:
3526:
3413:"Trapped in the Rhizosheath: Root-Bacterial Interactions Modulate Ethylene Signaling"
2979:
2297:
2223:
2187:
2170:
2015:
1998:
1893:
1853:
1817:
1777:
1741:
1724:
1693:
1650:
1494:
1477:
1389:
1227:
1041:
989:
860:
639:
609:
574:
428:, can be produced in small amounts in any biochemical process that normally produces
393:
thiols of hemoglobin and by partial and reversible inhibition of cytochrome oxidase.
351:
304:
O, in biological systems can be formed by an enzymatic or non-enzymatic reduction of
297:
81:
4203:
4124:
4081:
3753:
3628:
Hartman, Sjon; Sasidharan, Rashmi; Voesenek, Laurentius A. C. J. (18 January 2020).
3616:
3161:
2793:
2750:
2239:
2032:
1709:
1666:
133:
The biological roles of each of the gaseous signaling molecules are outlined below.
4911:
4891:
4746:
4613:
4536:
4438:
4037:
3323:"Ethylene is a positive regulator of root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana"
3260:
Bleecker, A. B.; Esch, J. J.; Hall, A. E.; RodrĂguez, F. I.; Binder, B. M. (1998).
3210:
3145:
3022:
1956:
1155:
939:
807:
800:
705:
and other non-cyanogenic nitrates which do not cause blood cyanide levels to rise.
687:
597:
562:
539:
355:
325:
305:
271:
211:
155:
112:
41:
4398:
2777:
2677:
Liang Y, Liu D, Ochs T, Tang C, Chen S, Zhang S, Geng B, Jin H, Du J (Jan 2011).
2655:
2593:
Liu D, Huang Y, Bu D, Liu AD, Holmberg L, Jia Y, Tang C, Du J, Jin H (May 2014).
2526:"Advances in the study on endogenous sulfur dioxide in the cardiovascular system"
1600:
749:, as well as the neurologic disease common in people with urea cycle defects and
126:
Historically, the study of gases and physiological effects was categorized under
4736:
4408:
4311:
3998:
2450:
1104:
1074:
1029:
920:
828:
821:
765:
661:
555:
524:
235:
61:
3584:
2913:
2695:
2678:
2501:
2484:
2322:"Macrocyclic carbon suboxide oligomers as potent inhibitors of the Na,K-ATPase"
2088:
1420:
1373:
1316:
154:. Only three gases are accepted to be classified as gasotransmitters including
4778:
4726:
4686:
4567:
4562:
4544:
4490:
4271:
4187:
3745:
3561:"Ethylene-mediated nitric oxide depletion pre-adapts plants to hypoxia stress"
3006:
2129:
1259:
1248:
1098:
1085:
943:
932:
928:
904:
900:
880:
793:
726:
718:
658:
615:
hyperstimulation, and strengthens the myocardial antioxidant defense reserve.
612:
508:
378:
363:
359:
317:
275:
107:
Select gaseous signaling molecules behave as neurotransmitters and are called
45:
3949:
3900:
3700:
3308:
2937:"Determination of endogenous methane formation by photoacoustic spectroscopy"
1357:
1324:
1300:
1243:, due to lipid peroxidation. Some of endogenous ethylene is then oxidized to
596:
Endogenous sulfur dioxide in low concentrations causes endothelium-dependent
4795:
4599:
4505:
4418:
3850:
3793:
1216:
1110:
1067:
982:
813:
Other authors have shown that cellular methane production also rises during
757:
737:). Likewise, defects in the enzymes responsible for the urea cycle, such as
730:
683:
651:
382:
321:
203:
4195:
4160:
4152:
4006:
3967:
3918:
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3498:
3448:
3397:
3277:
3068:
3014:
2971:
2921:
2785:
2704:
2663:
2628:
2610:
2579:
2551:
2510:
2458:
2392:
2353:
2306:
2073:
2064:
1618:
1569:
1438:
1381:
1342:
396:
Endogenous nitrous oxide can possibly play a role in modulating endogenous
4221:
4116:
4108:
4073:
3348:
3295:
2820:
2742:
2419:
2367:
Kerek F, Stimac R, Apell HJ, Freudenmann F, Moroder L (23 December 2002).
2231:
2196:
2155:
2114:
2024:
1983:
1948:
1902:
1861:
1826:
1785:
1750:
1701:
1658:
1538:
1503:
741:, lead to hyperammonemia. Hyperammonemia contributes to the confusion and
4716:
4580:
4485:
4296:
3770:"Plant roots sense soil compaction through restricted ethylene diffusion"
3059:
3042:
1478:"The role of glutathione in the transport and catabolism of nitric oxide"
1160:
Inhibits root growth in response to soil compaction, shade and flooding
1004:
924:
868:
848:
818:
590:
390:
241:
101:
97:
49:
37:
3480:
3429:
3379:
1530:
339:
In 1981, it was first suggested from clinical work with nitrous oxide (N
4916:
4832:
4428:
4413:
4403:
4393:
4346:
4316:
4065:
3535:
3262:"The ethylene-receptor family from Arabidopsis: Structure and function"
3153:
1940:
1267:
1255:
1236:
1081:, is secreted to the petal, the ACC releases ethylene with ACC oxidase.
910:
895:
777:
608:
Endogenous sulfur dioxide also diminishes myocardial damage, caused by
535:
469:
374:
191:
93:
89:
3677:
3675:
3646:
3266:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3201:
3176:
2087:
Dong A, Huang P, Zhao XJ, Sampath V, Caughey WS (September 30, 1994).
1997:
Koblin DD, Waskell L, Watson JE, Stokstad EL, Eger EI 2nd (Feb 1982).
336:
O is produced by some bacteria during process called denitrification.
332:
O can possibly be produced in mammalian cells. It is well known that N
4423:
4351:
1263:
1025:
1022:
1014:
966:
876:
814:
632:
624:
512:
473:
397:
207:
179:
69:
65:
4232:
3121:
3082:
External Link to More on Ethylene Gassing and Carbon Dioxide Control
1876:
1800:
725:
converts ammonia to urea through a series of reactions known as the
258:
pressure of 40 mm Hg. With intentional hyperventilation, the CO
3137:
1077:, when the pollen reaches the stigma, the precursor of the ethene,
1059:(epinasty) of the leaves, perhaps helping the plant to lose water.
1036:
and at least six in tomato, can lead to insensitivity to ethylene.
4645:
4451:
1240:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1091:
974:
909:
872:
864:
838:
789:
722:
407:
309:
2483:
Chen S, Zheng S, Liu Z, Tang C, Zhao B, Du J, Jin H (Feb 2015).
1999:"Nitrous oxide inactivates methionine synthetase in human liver"
1001:
884:
742:
578:
504:
370:
312:. Some authors have shown that this process of NO reduction to N
4236:
3630:"The role of ethylene in metabolic acclimations to low oxygen"
1725:"Nitrous oxide interacts with opioid receptors: more evidence"
1251:
1037:
34:
3321:
Tanimoto, Mimi; Roberts, Keith; Dolan, Liam (December 1995).
289:
that bind to NO and trigger NO-dependent cellular signaling.
1362:
American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
1151:
in some fruit which causes a release of additional ethylene.
1299:
Prabhakar, Nanduri R.; Semenza, Gregg L. (September 2015).
503:
Sulfur dioxide plays a role in diminishing an experimental
1235:
Small amounts of endogenous ethylene are also produced in
1017:. Ethylene receptors are encoded by multiple genes in the
988:
Ethylene is perceived by a family of five transmembrane
733:, may lead to elevated amounts of ammonia in the blood (
534:
Endogenous sulfur dioxide may play a role in regulating
2171:"Nitrous oxide acts directly at the mu opioid receptor"
1585:"Nitrous Oxide Metabolism in Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria"
1066:
Seedling triple response, thickening and shortening of
717:, also plays a role in both normal and abnormal animal
3934:"WRKYs work to limit root growth in response to shade"
254:
The respiratory centers try to maintain an arterial CO
527:
to the rat diet increased the amount of endogenous SO
238:
expand to allow a greater blood flow to that tissue.
4026:
Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology
1552:
Hyun J, Chaudhuri G, Fukuto JM (September 1, 1999).
4904:
4870:
4850:
4843:
4831:
4794:
4787:
4777:
4745:
4654:
4644:
4612:
4592:
4514:
4473:
4464:
4437:
4386:
4360:
4289:
4280:
4270:
1476:Hogg N, Singh RJ, Kalyanaraman B (March 18, 1996).
285:). Mammalian cells have a specialized gasoreceptor
186:, is an essential gaseous signaling molecule &
3932:Courbier, Sarah; Hartman, Sjon (4 February 2022).
2871:
2373:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
248:via gustatory receptors, a type of gasoreceptor.
1405:"CO(2) per se activates carbon dioxide receptors"
1123:Stimulates survival under low-oxygen conditions (
366:cell cultures and in human liver biopsy samples.
1221:Inhibits short day induced flower initiation in
1134:grows out, leaf hangs down and curls into itself
3830:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2902:American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
2046:Sampath V, Zhao XJ, Caughey WS (Apr 27, 2001).
1262:(forming a specific adduct with its N-terminal
792:, but also is produced - in small amounts - by
369:Nitrous oxide does not bind as a ligand to the
194:and other signaling pathways. The levels of O
2716:
2714:
676:) muscarinic cholinergic stimulation actually
4248:
234:of blood supply. If its levels are high, the
8:
3122:"The Response of Plants to Illuminating Gas"
1875:Ori, C.; Ford-Rice, F; London, E.D. (1989).
1799:Ori C, Ford-Rice F, London ED (March 1989).
764:may be degraded to produce two molecules of
4901:
4867:
4847:
4838:
4791:
4784:
4751:
4651:
4618:
4470:
4286:
4277:
4255:
4241:
4233:
2855:Zschocke, Johannes; Georg Hoffman (2004).
2326:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1062:Ethylene in plant induces such responses:
899:Doubt discovered that ethylene stimulated
729:. Liver dysfunction, such as that seen in
657:It was also shown that, while stimulating
569:Endogenous sulfur dioxide also lowers the
27:Molecular gases which transmit information
3957:
3908:
3859:
3849:
3708:
3655:
3645:
3592:
3534:
3488:
3438:
3428:
3387:
3338:
3285:
3200:
3058:
3041:Lin, Z.; Zhong, S.; Grierson, D. (2009).
2694:
2618:
2541:
2500:
2296:
2186:
2169:Gillman MA, Lichtigfeld FJ (March 1985).
2145:
2128:EinarsdĂłttir O, Caughey WS (5 Jul 1988).
2104:
2063:
2014:
1892:
1816:
1740:
1493:
1428:
1409:Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
1403:Xu, P; Wen, X; Leal, WS (February 2020).
1332:
577:cells in blood vessels, via lowering the
373:and does not react with thiol-containing
244:are attracted to humans by sensing the CO
4024:Ramat. In Short Days and in Long Days".
2433:Liu, D.; Jin, H; Tang, C; Du, J (2010).
2320:Stimac R, Kerek F, Apell HJ (Apr 2003).
2255:"Poison gas may carry a medical benefit"
2253:Johnson, Carolyn Y. (October 16, 2009).
1007:an ethylene receptor has been cloned in
776:Some authors have shown that endogenous
3177:"Production of ethylene by some fruits"
2859:. Friedrichsdorf, Germany: Milupa GmbH.
1723:Gillman MA, Lichtigfeld FJ (May 1983).
1291:
3043:"Recent advances in ethylene research"
3036:
3034:
3032:
672:HCN production, in a living organism (
2878:. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
2543:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20133031
1356:Anbalagan, Savani (17 January 2024).
1053:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
959:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
7:
2870:Rose, Burton; Helmut Rennke (1994).
1639:Journal of the Neurological Sciences
1032:, which comprises five receptors in
283:Biological functions of nitric oxide
3247:10.1146/annurev.pp.35.060184.001103
2439:Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
2134:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2093:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2052:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
230:, is one of the mediators of local
3734:Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
3340:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1995.8060943.x
2346:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07204.x
1094:cells in preparation for plant use
1051:, which leads to the synthesis of
25:
3824:Pandey, Bipin K. (26 July 2022).
1358:"Heme-based oxygen gasoreceptors"
1280:Gas sensor protein (Gasoreceptor)
4220:
3527:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.04027.x
2298:10.1291/hypres.23.Supplement_S33
2188:10.1097/00000542-198503000-00040
2016:10.1213/00000539-198202000-00001
1894:10.1097/00000542-198903000-00027
1818:10.1097/00000542-198903000-00027
1766:European Journal of Pharmacology
1742:10.1097/00000542-198305000-00021
1589:Advances in Microbial Physiology
1301:"Oxygen Sensing and Homeostasis"
1090:Stimulates senescence of mature
631:, HCN, upon activation of their
1558:Drug Metabolism and Disposition
552:pulmonary arterial hypertension
4501:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
4038:10.1080/00221589.1978.11514799
784:, is produced not only by the
498:HeringâBreuer inflation reflex
210:, specialized tissues such as
1:
3411:Hartman, Sjon (3 June 2020).
2735:10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00659-8
2385:10.1016/S0005-2736(02)00609-0
2147:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)76525-9
2106:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)51025-0
1163:Stimulates nutational bending
1127:) in submerged plant tissues
623:Some authors have shown that
2964:10.1088/1752-7155/7/4/046004
2778:10.1016/j.neures.2004.01.006
2656:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.031
2224:10.1016/0022-510X(81)90186-6
1854:10.1016/0014-2999(83)90626-x
1778:10.1016/0014-2999(83)90626-x
1694:10.1016/0304-3959(81)90054-3
1651:10.1016/0022-510X(81)90186-6
1601:10.1016/bs.ampbs.2016.02.007
1495:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00086-5
1070:with pronounced apical hook.
4969:Gaseous signaling molecules
4227:Gaseous signaling molecules
3999:10.1016/j.jplph.2008.04.009
2835:"PubChem Substance Summary"
2451:10.2174/1389557511009011039
1130:Stimulates epinasty â leaf
1084:Stimulates leaf and flower
891:levels of 10% in 24 hours.
788:and then absorbed into the
515:that produces endogenous SO
494:pulmonary stretch receptors
170:Gaseous Signaling Molecules
31:Gaseous signaling molecules
5005:
3585:10.1038/s41467-019-12045-4
2944:Journal of Breath Research
2914:10.1152/ajpcell.00300.2012
2696:10.1038/labinvest.2010.156
2502:10.1038/labinvest.2014.147
1421:10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103284
1374:10.1152/ajpendo.00004.2024
1317:10.1152/physiol.00022.2015
1184:Inhibits shoot growth and
1028:. Mutations in any of the
739:ornithine transcarbamylase
328:, and suggested that the N
140:
18:Gaseous signaling molecule
4754:
4621:
4307:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
4302:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
4188:10.1080/10408440008951121
3746:10.1007/s00344-007-9002-y
3007:10.1007/s10620-009-1012-0
919:stages of growth such as
4491:Epinephrine (adrenaline)
4022:Chrysanthemum morifolium
3235:Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol
3120:Doubt, Sarah L. (1917).
996:gasoreceptor protein in
646:between neuronal cells (
581:activity and activating
320:, specifically in their
287:soluble guanylyl cyclase
3851:10.1073/pnas.2201072119
3794:10.1126/science.abf3013
3146:2027/mdp.39015068299380
907:of vegetative tissues.
4926:Carbonyl sulfide (COS)
4527:N-Methylphenethylamine
4153:10.1006/taap.2000.8918
4141:Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
3950:10.1093/plphys/kiab525
3901:10.1093/plphys/kiab493
3701:10.1093/plphys/kiac245
3683:Rashmi (30 May 2022).
3278:10.1098/rstb.1998.0295
2611:10.1038/cddis.2014.229
2065:10.1074/jbc.M006588200
1116:Induces the growth of
915:
845:
747:hepatic encephalopathy
664:receptors in cultured
414:
4667:2-AGE (noladin ether)
4109:10.1007/s002040050451
3565:Nature Communications
2874:Renal Pathophysiology
2568:Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi
2291:(Suppl S33): S33â38.
2285:Hypertension Research
1595:, Elsevier: 353â432,
1215:Induces flowering in
1177:transport (with high
913:
842:
544:arterial hypertension
411:
4878:Carbon monoxide (CO)
4229:at Wikimedia Commons
3091:. ne-postharvest.com
2857:Vademecum Metabolism
2524:Tian H. (Nov 2014).
2279:Kerek F (Sep 2000).
1972:J Pharmacol Exp Ther
1010:Arabidopsis thaliana
961:(ACC) by the enzyme
942:from the amino acid
699:sodium nitroprusside
686:generate HCN during
642:and plays a role in
573:rate of endothelial
279:biological messenger
188:biological messenger
64:, as in the case of
4989:Signal transduction
4883:Hydrogen sulfide (H
4737:Virodhamine (O-AEA)
3842:2022PNAS..11901072H
3836:(30): e2201072119.
3786:2021Sci...371..276P
3577:2019NatCo..10.4020H
3481:10.1104/pp.15.00773
3430:10.1104/pp.20.00379
3380:10.1104/pp.19.01020
3311:. planthormones.inf
3309:Explaining Epinasty
3193:1934Natur.134.1008G
2956:2013JBR.....7d6004T
2338:2003NYASA.986..327S
2099:(39): 23911â23917.
2058:(17): 13635â13643.
1531:10.1021/bi00036a023
1525:(36): 11494â11499.
1247:, which is able to
1168:Hyponastic response
644:signal transduction
4940:Sulfur dioxide (SO
4851:Cholinergic system
4553:Phenylethanolamine
4532:N-Methyltryptamine
4496:NAS (normelatonin)
4283:inhibitory systems
4281:Major excitatory /
4066:10.1007/bf01974008
3618:, Plant Cell, 2013
3103:Beih Bot Zentralbl
3087:2010-09-14 at the
3060:10.1093/jxb/erp204
1941:10.1038/nm0498-460
1457:solarnavigator.net
1173:Interference with
1118:adventitious roots
979:indole acetic acid
916:
846:
496:and abolishes the
415:
387:cytochrome oxidase
226:Carbon dioxide, CO
4979:Molecular biology
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4900:
4899:
4892:Nitric oxide (NO)
4866:
4865:
4839:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4608:
4607:
4522:3-Iodothyronamine
4460:
4459:
4264:Neurotransmitters
4225:Media related to
3780:(6526): 276â280.
3647:10.1111/nph.16378
3615:van Veen et al.,
3515:The Plant Journal
3327:The Plant Journal
3272:(1374): 1405â12.
3202:10.1038/1341008a0
3126:Botanical Gazette
2885:978-0-683-07354-6
2536:(21): 3803â3807.
2445:(11): 1039â1045.
2140:(19): 9199â9205.
1610:978-0-12-804823-8
954:
883:(or shedding) of
875:, the opening of
751:organic acidurias
648:neurotransmission
507:damage caused by
413:antihypertensives
316:O takes place in
152:neurotransmitters
16:(Redirected from
4996:
4931:Nitrous oxide (N
4902:
4871:Gasotransmitters
4868:
4848:
4792:
4785:
4752:
4687:Anandamide (AEA)
4655:Endocannabinoids
4652:
4619:
4506:Serotonin (5-HT)
4471:
4290:Glutamate system
4287:
4278:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4234:
4224:
4208:
4207:
4176:Crit Rev Toxicol
4171:
4165:
4164:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4017:
4011:
4010:
3987:J. Plant Physiol
3978:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3938:Plant Physiology
3929:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3895:(2): 1294â1311.
3889:Plant Physiology
3880:
3874:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3712:
3695:(2): 1365â1383.
3689:Plant Physiology
3679:
3670:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3625:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3538:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3492:
3475:(4): 2351â2364.
3469:Plant Physiology
3459:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3417:Plant Physiology
3408:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3368:Plant Physiology
3359:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3175:Gane R. (1934).
3172:
3166:
3165:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3092:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3062:
3038:
3027:
3026:
3001:(8): 2135â2143.
2990:
2984:
2983:
2941:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2877:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2729:(1â2): 294â300.
2718:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2545:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2461:. Archived from
2430:
2424:
2423:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2379:(1â2): 213â220.
2364:
2358:
2357:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2259:The Boston Globe
2250:
2244:
2243:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2190:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2018:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1978:(3): 1096â1105.
1967:
1961:
1960:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1896:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1848:(1â2): 177â178.
1837:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1772:(1â2): 177â178.
1761:
1755:
1754:
1744:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1564:(9): 1005â1009.
1549:
1543:
1542:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1453:"Carbon dioxide"
1449:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1368:(2): E178âE181.
1353:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1296:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1120:during flooding
1057:nastic movements
952:
786:intestinal flora
680:HCN production.
666:pheochromocytoma
629:hydrogen cyanide
619:Hydrogen cyanide
602:calcium channels
587:protein kinase A
583:adenylyl cyclase
164:hydrogen sulfide
148:Gasotransmitters
137:Gasotransmitters
121:hydrogen sulfide
111:. These include
109:gasotransmitters
86:hydrogen cyanide
40:that are either
21:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4948:
4943:
4934:
4920:
4896:
4886:
4862:
4819:
4765:
4741:
4632:
4604:
4588:
4510:
4466:Biogenic amines
4456:
4433:
4382:
4356:
4282:
4266:
4261:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4103:(11): 719â721.
4094:
4093:
4089:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4019:
4018:
4014:
3993:(18): 1917â28.
3980:
3979:
3975:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3768:January 2021).
3766:
3765:
3761:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3681:
3680:
3673:
3634:New Phytologist
3627:
3626:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3089:Wayback Machine
3080:
3076:
3053:(12): 3311â36.
3040:
3039:
3030:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2644:Eur J Pharmacol
2641:
2640:
2636:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2466:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2045:
2044:
2040:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1910:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1842:Eur J Pharmacol
1839:
1838:
1834:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1611:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1276:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1181:concentrations)
995:
992:such as the ETR
931:of leaves, and
890:
858:
854:
837:
806:, for example,
783:
774:
762:α-ketoglutarate
716:
711:
621:
548:atherosclerosis
530:
518:
491:
482:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:carbon monoxide
427:
423:
418:Carbon suboxide
406:
404:Carbon suboxide
349:
342:
335:
331:
315:
303:
295:
274:, NO, is a key
269:
261:
257:
247:
229:
224:
217:
197:
185:
177:
172:
160:carbon monoxide
150:are a class of
145:
143:Gasotransmitter
139:
128:factitious airs
117:carbon monoxide
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5002:
5000:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
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4953:
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4914:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:
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4889:
4884:
4880:
4874:
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4864:
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4854:
4852:
4845:
4841:
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4789:
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4771:
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4766:
4764:
4763:
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4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
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4674:
4669:
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4656:
4649:
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4641:
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4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4558:Phenethylamine
4555:
4550:
4542:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4387:Glycine system
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4332:Kynurenic acid
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4284:
4275:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4216:
4215:External links
4213:
4210:
4209:
4182:(5): 595â608.
4166:
4130:
4087:
4060:(3): 157â163.
4043:
4012:
3973:
3944:(2): 937â938.
3924:
3875:
3815:
3759:
3740:(2): 143â159.
3724:
3671:
3620:
3608:
3550:
3504:
3454:
3423:(2): 443â444.
3403:
3374:(2): 780â792.
3354:
3333:(6): 943â948.
3313:
3301:
3252:
3225:
3216:
3187:(3400): 1008.
3167:
3138:10.1086/332006
3132:(3): 209â224.
3112:
3093:
3074:
3028:
2985:
2927:
2908:(2): 207â214.
2891:
2884:
2862:
2847:
2826:
2799:
2756:
2710:
2669:
2634:
2599:Cell Death Dis
2585:
2574:(8): 625â629.
2570:(in Chinese).
2557:
2516:
2495:(2): 142â156.
2475:
2425:
2414:(6): 415â416.
2410:(in Italian).
2408:Boll Chim Farm
2398:
2359:
2332:(1): 327â329.
2312:
2271:
2245:
2212:J. Neurol. Sci
2202:
2181:(3): 375â376.
2175:Anesthesiology
2161:
2120:
2079:
2038:
1989:
1962:
1935:(4): 460â463.
1918:
1908:
1887:(3): 541â544.
1881:Anesthesiology
1867:
1832:
1811:(3): 541â544.
1805:Anesthesiology
1791:
1756:
1735:(5): 483â484.
1729:Anesthesiology
1715:
1672:
1629:
1609:
1575:
1544:
1509:
1488:(3): 223â228.
1468:
1444:
1395:
1348:
1311:(5): 340â348.
1290:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1245:ethylene oxide
1233:
1232:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1141:
1139:fruit ripening
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1071:
993:
990:protein dimers
940:biosynthesized
914:The Yang cycle
888:
859:, serves as a
856:
852:
836:
833:
781:
773:
770:
735:hyperammonemia
714:
710:
707:
703:nitroglycerine
695:vasodilatation
640:NMDA receptors
620:
617:
528:
521:acetylcysteine
516:
489:
486:sulfur dioxide
481:
480:Sulfur dioxide
478:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
425:
421:
405:
402:
347:
340:
333:
329:
313:
301:
294:
291:
268:
265:
259:
255:
245:
232:autoregulation
227:
223:
222:Carbon dioxide
220:
215:
195:
183:
176:
173:
171:
168:
141:Main article:
138:
135:
78:sulfur dioxide
74:carbon dioxide
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5001:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4945:
4938:
4936:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4859:
4858:Acetylcholine
4856:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4844:Miscellaneous
4842:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4747:Neurosteroids
4744:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4614:Neuropeptides
4611:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4253:
4251:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4170:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4097:Arch. Toxicol
4091:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4054:Arch. Toxicol
4047:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3983:Pharbitis nil
3977:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3876:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3763:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:(4): 046004.
2949:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2895:
2892:
2887:
2881:
2876:
2875:
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2858:
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2800:
2795:
2791:
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2783:
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2767:
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2748:
2744:
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2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2476:
2465:on 2013-04-26
2464:
2460:
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2452:
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2444:
2440:
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2429:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1895:
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1871:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
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1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
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1406:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
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1229:
1228:Chrysanthemum
1224:
1223:Pharbitus nil
1220:
1218:
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1180:
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1106:
1103:Induces seed
1102:
1100:
1097:Induces leaf
1096:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1058:
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1045:
1043:
1042:Cyanobacteria
1039:
1035:
1031:
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1024:
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1003:
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977:, especially
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611:
610:isoproterenol
606:
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580:
576:
575:smooth muscle
572:
571:proliferation
567:
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357:
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352:NMDA receptor
344:
337:
327:
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319:
311:
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299:
298:Nitrous oxide
293:Nitrous oxide
292:
290:
288:
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277:
273:
266:
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249:
243:
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201:
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82:nitrous oxide
79:
75:
71:
67:
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39:
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4974:Biochemistry
4912:Acetaldehyde
4581:
4573:
4545:
4537:
4515:Trace amines
4179:
4175:
4169:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4032:(2): 85â90.
4029:
4025:
4021:
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3982:
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2894:
2873:
2865:
2856:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2829:
2815:(1): 69â72.
2812:
2808:
2802:
2772:(1): 13â18.
2769:
2766:Neurosci Res
2765:
2759:
2726:
2722:
2689:(1): 12â23.
2686:
2682:
2672:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2605:(5): e1251.
2602:
2598:
2588:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:the original
2442:
2438:
2428:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2258:
2248:
2218:(1): 41â45.
2215:
2211:
2205:
2178:
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2164:
2137:
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2123:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2009:(2): 75â78.
2006:
2003:Anesth Analg
2002:
1992:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1911:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1845:
1841:
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1732:
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1681:
1675:
1645:(1): 41â45.
1642:
1638:
1632:
1622:, retrieved
1592:
1588:
1578:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1522:
1519:Biochemistry
1518:
1512:
1485:
1482:FEBS Letters
1481:
1471:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:
1447:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1258:, including
1239:, including
1234:
1226:
1222:
1156:gravitropism
1061:
1046:
1033:
1018:
1013:and then in
1008:
997:
987:
963:ACC synthase
948:
938:Ethylene is
937:
917:
893:
847:
826:
812:
808:sodium azide
775:
755:
712:
697:, caused by
692:
688:phagocytosis
682:
677:
673:
669:
656:
627:can produce
622:
607:
598:vasodilation
595:
568:
563:homocysteine
560:
540:blood vessel
533:
502:
484:The role of
483:
416:
395:
368:
356:homocysteine
345:
338:
326:mitochondria
306:nitric oxide
296:
272:Nitric oxide
270:
267:Nitric oxide
253:
250:
240:
225:
212:carotid body
178:
156:nitric oxide
146:
132:
125:
113:nitric oxide
106:
46:endogenously
44:internally (
30:
29:
4917:Ammonia (NH
4788:Nucleosides
4548:-Octopamine
4540:-Octopamine
4452:T-HCA (GHC)
4409:Hypotaurine
4361:GABA system
4312:Glutathione
4147:(1): 1â26.
3571:(1): 4020.
3536:10339/30054
3521:(1): 3â15.
3047:J. Exp. Bot
2995:Dig Dis Sci
2683:Lab. Invest
2489:Lab. Invest
2264:October 16,
1149:respiration
1145:climacteric
1137:Stimulates
1105:germination
1075:pollination
1034:Arabidopsis
1030:gene family
1019:Arabidopsis
998:Arabidopsis
971:ACC-oxidase
955:-methionine
927:of fruits,
921:germination
829:peristalsis
822:endotoxemia
766:bicarbonate
713:Ammonia, NH
662:cholinergic
556:stenocardia
525:glutathione
350:O inhibits
318:hepatocytes
236:capillaries
206:states. In
62:hydrosphere
42:synthesized
4963:Categories
4905:Candidates
4779:Nucleobase
4568:Tryptamine
4563:Synephrine
4474:Monoamines
4439:GHB system
4272:Amino acid
3241:: 155â89.
3109:: 128â139.
2650:(1): 1â6.
2530:Chin Med J
2469:2015-03-06
1688:(1): 110.
1624:2021-10-14
1462:2007-10-12
1415:: 103284.
1305:Physiology
1286:References
1260:hemoglobin
1230:morifolium
1217:pineapples
1143:Induces a
1099:abscission
1086:senescence
983:cytokinins
981:(IAA) and
951:-adenosyl-
944:methionine
933:senescence
929:abscission
905:senescence
901:abscission
881:abscission
879:, and the
794:eukaryotic
727:urea cycle
719:physiology
684:Leukocytes
659:muscarinic
613:adrenergic
509:oleic acid
444:(mostly (C
379:hemoglobin
364:lymphocyte
360:methionine
276:vertebrate
242:Mosquitoes
218:levels.
4984:Molecules
4796:Adenosine
4600:Histamine
4584:-Tyramine
4576:-Tyramine
4419:Sarcosine
4399:ÎČ-Alanine
4394:α-Alanine
3810:231606782
2980:206107686
2809:Fed. Proc
2723:Brain Res
1390:267032865
1325:1548-9213
1111:root hair
1068:hypocotyl
819:bacterial
758:glutamine
731:cirrhosis
678:decreases
670:increases
652:analgesia
636:receptors
383:myoglobin
322:cytoplasm
204:hyperoxic
48:) in the
38:molecules
4835:-derived
4781:-derived
4762:instead.
4717:Oleamide
4648:-derived
4629:instead.
4486:Dopamine
4297:Agmatine
4274:-derived
4204:21154564
4196:11055837
4161:10814549
4125:46278715
4082:39354680
4007:18565620
3968:34791438
3919:34718759
3870:35858424
3802:33446554
3754:29519988
3719:35640551
3666:31856295
3603:31488841
3545:19793078
3499:26850278
3449:32493810
3398:32220965
3162:86383905
3085:Archived
3069:19567479
3015:19830557
2972:24185326
2922:23174561
2794:29850349
2786:15099699
2751:12277593
2705:20733562
2664:21925165
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2580:25224243
2552:25382339
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2459:20540708
2393:12488055
2354:12763840
2307:11016817
2240:32640794
2074:11278308
2033:31136411
1710:53157904
1667:32640794
1619:27134026
1570:10460799
1439:31760135
1382:38231000
1343:26328879
1274:See also
1256:proteins
1249:alkylate
1186:stomatal
1154:Affects
1147:rise in
1109:Induces
1005:encoding
925:ripening
869:ripening
849:Ethylene
835:Ethylene
591:stenosis
391:cysteine
375:proteins
192:proteins
102:ethylene
98:hydrogen
50:organism
4833:Vitamin
4727:RVD-Hpα
4682:AA-5-HT
4429:Taurine
4414:Proline
4404:Glycine
4347:Proline
4317:Glycine
4117:9363847
4074:1303633
3959:8825341
3910:8825332
3861:9335218
3838:Bibcode
3782:Bibcode
3774:Science
3710:9516759
3657:7754284
3594:6728379
3573:Bibcode
3490:4825138
3440:7271798
3389:7271771
3349:8580964
3296:9800203
3287:1692356
3211:4090009
3189:Bibcode
3154:2469142
3023:5493946
2952:Bibcode
2821:1245233
2743:9369328
2620:4047873
2420:6005012
2334:Bibcode
2232:7205318
2197:2983587
2156:2837481
2115:7929038
2025:7198880
1984:1602376
1957:9998244
1949:9546794
1929:Nat Med
1903:2564264
1862:6305684
1827:2564264
1786:6305684
1751:6301312
1702:7232008
1659:7205318
1539:7547878
1504:8605974
1430:6980743
1334:4556828
1268:guanine
1237:mammals
1132:petiole
1125:hypoxia
1026:genomes
896:incense
877:flowers
861:hormone
804:hypoxia
778:methane
772:Methane
709:Ammonia
674:in vivo
625:neurons
536:cardiac
470:digoxin
214:sense O
208:mammals
200:hypoxic
104:, etc.
94:methane
90:ammonia
35:gaseous
4798:system
4672:2-ALPI
4593:Others
4424:Serine
4352:Serine
4202:
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3181:Nature
3160:
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2840:7 July
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1331:
1323:
1264:valine
1241:humans
1049:anoxia
1023:tomato
1015:tomato
1000:. The
975:auxins
967:enzyme
885:leaves
865:plants
815:sepsis
668:cells
633:opioid
513:enzyme
474:retina
456:and (C
398:opioid
180:Oxygen
175:Oxygen
162:, and
119:, and
70:oxygen
66:oxygen
54:tissue
4707:NAGly
4646:Lipid
4481:6-OHM
4373:GABOB
4200:S2CID
4121:S2CID
4078:S2CID
3806:S2CID
3750:S2CID
3207:S2CID
3158:S2CID
3150:JSTOR
3019:S2CID
2976:S2CID
2940:(PDF)
2790:S2CID
2747:S2CID
2236:S2CID
2029:S2CID
1953:S2CID
1706:S2CID
1663:S2CID
1386:S2CID
1179:auxin
1175:auxin
1092:xylem
873:fruit
797:cells
790:blood
723:liver
310:thiol
4760:here
4758:See
4702:NADA
4677:2-OG
4662:2-AG
4627:here
4625:See
4368:GABA
4342:NAAG
4327:GSSG
4322:GSNO
4192:PMID
4157:PMID
4113:PMID
4070:PMID
4003:PMID
3964:PMID
3915:PMID
3866:PMID
3798:PMID
3715:PMID
3662:PMID
3599:PMID
3541:PMID
3495:PMID
3445:PMID
3394:PMID
3345:PMID
3292:PMID
3065:PMID
3011:PMID
2968:PMID
2918:PMID
2880:ISBN
2842:2009
2817:PMID
2782:PMID
2739:PMID
2701:PMID
2660:PMID
2625:PMID
2576:PMID
2548:PMID
2507:PMID
2455:PMID
2416:PMID
2389:PMID
2377:1567
2350:PMID
2303:PMID
2266:2009
2228:PMID
2193:PMID
2152:PMID
2111:PMID
2070:PMID
2021:PMID
1980:PMID
1945:PMID
1899:PMID
1858:PMID
1823:PMID
1782:PMID
1747:PMID
1698:PMID
1682:Pain
1655:PMID
1615:PMID
1605:ISBN
1566:PMID
1535:PMID
1500:PMID
1435:PMID
1378:PMID
1339:PMID
1321:ISSN
1254:and
1225:and
1200:and
1021:and
1002:gene
855:C=CH
780:, CH
743:coma
693:The
585:and
579:MAPK
538:and
505:lung
488:, SO
371:heme
324:and
58:cell
33:are
4815:ATP
4810:AMP
4805:ADP
4732:SEA
4722:PEA
4712:OEA
4697:LPI
4692:DEA
4447:GHB
4378:GHB
4337:NAA
4184:doi
4149:doi
4145:165
4105:doi
4062:doi
4034:doi
3995:doi
3991:165
3985:".
3954:PMC
3946:doi
3942:188
3905:PMC
3897:doi
3893:188
3856:PMC
3846:doi
3834:119
3790:doi
3778:371
3742:doi
3705:PMC
3697:doi
3693:190
3652:PMC
3642:doi
3638:229
3589:PMC
3581:doi
3531:hdl
3523:doi
3485:PMC
3477:doi
3473:170
3435:PMC
3425:doi
3421:183
3384:PMC
3376:doi
3372:183
3335:doi
3282:PMC
3274:doi
3270:353
3243:doi
3197:doi
3185:134
3142:hdl
3134:doi
3055:doi
3003:doi
2960:doi
2910:doi
2906:304
2774:doi
2731:doi
2727:768
2691:doi
2652:doi
2648:670
2615:PMC
2607:doi
2538:doi
2534:127
2497:doi
2447:doi
2412:105
2381:doi
2342:doi
2330:986
2293:doi
2220:doi
2183:doi
2142:doi
2138:263
2101:doi
2097:269
2060:doi
2056:276
2011:doi
1976:261
1937:doi
1889:doi
1850:doi
1813:doi
1774:doi
1737:doi
1690:doi
1647:doi
1597:doi
1527:doi
1490:doi
1486:382
1425:PMC
1417:doi
1413:117
1370:doi
1366:326
1329:PMC
1313:doi
1252:DNA
1079:ACC
1073:In
1038:DNA
946:to
871:of
863:in
851:, H
817:or
745:of
523:or
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358:to
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