Gastroesophageal reflux disease

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protein-free formula. They may also be treated with medicines such as ranitidine or proton pump inhibitors. Proton pump inhibitors, however, have not been found to be effective in this population and there is a lack of evidence for safety. The role of an occupational therapist with an infant with GERD includes positioning during and after feeding. One technique used is called the log-roll technique, which is practiced when changing an infant's clothing or diapers. Placing an infant on their back while having their legs lifted is not recommended since it causes the acid to flow back up the esophagus. Instead, the occupational therapist would suggest rolling the child on the side, keeping the shoulders and hips aligned to avoid acid rising up the baby's esophagus. Another technique used is feeding the baby on their side with an upright position instead of lying flat on their back. The final positioning technique used for infants is to keep them on their stomach or upright for 20 minutes after feeding.

1810:. In this procedure, the upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophageal sphincter to strengthen the sphincter and prevent acid reflux and to repair a hiatal hernia. It is recommended only for those who do not improve with PPIs. Quality of life is improved in the short term compared to medical therapy, but there is uncertainty in the benefits of surgery versus long-term medical management with proton pump inhibitors. When comparing different fundoplication techniques, partial posterior fundoplication surgery is more effective than partial anterior fundoplication surgery, and partial fundoplication has better outcomes than total fundoplication. 69: 1824:(FDA) approved a device called the LINX, which consists of a series of metal beads with magnetic cores that are placed surgically around the lower esophageal sphincter, for those with severe symptoms that do not respond to other treatments. Improvement of GERD symptoms is similar to those of the Nissen fundoplication, although there is no data regarding long-term effects. Compared to Nissen fundoplication procedures, the procedure has shown a reduction in complications such as 1451: 1739:. If a once-daily PPI is only partially effective they may be used twice a day. They should be taken one half to one hour before a meal. There is no significant difference between PPIs. When these medications are used long-term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. H 7684: 1295: 1287: 1349: 1686:, and to consume small frequent meals and drink liquids between meals. Some evidence suggests that reduced sugar intake and increased fiber intake can help. Although moderate exercise may improve symptoms in people with GERD, vigorous exercise may worsen them. Breathing exercises may relieve GERD symptoms. 1872:

GERD is a common condition that develops during pregnancy, but usually resolves after delivery. The severity of symptoms tend to increase throughout the pregnancy. In pregnancy, dietary modifications and lifestyle changes may be attempted, but often have little effect. Some lifestyle changes that can

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In Western populations, GERD affects approximately 10% to 20% of the population and 0.4% newly develop the condition. For instance, an estimated 3.4 million to 6.8 million Canadians have GERD. The prevalence rate of GERD in developed nations is also tightly linked with age, with adults aged 60 to 70

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Acid reflux into the mouth can cause breakdown of the enamel, especially on the inside surface of the teeth. A dry mouth, acid or burning sensation in the mouth, bad breath and redness of the palate may occur. Less common symptoms of GERD include difficulty in swallowing, water brash, chronic cough,

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Some foods such as chocolate, mint, high-fat food, and alcohol have been shown to relax the lower esophageal sphincter, increasing the risk of reflux. Weight loss is recommended for the overweight or obese, as well as avoidance of bedtime snacks or lying down immediately after meals (meals should

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Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery for those who do not improve with the first two measures. Lifestyle changes include not lying down for three hours after eating, lying down on the left side, raising the pillow or bedhead height, losing weight, and

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uses electrodes to apply radio-frequency energy to the LES. A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis in response to the systematic review (no meta-analysis) conducted by SAGES did not support the claims that Stretta was an effective treatment for GERD. A 2012 systematic review found that it

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Babies may see relief with smaller, more frequent feedings, more frequent burping during feedings, holding the baby in an upright position 30 minutes after feeding, keeping the baby's head elevated while laying on the back, removing milk and soy from the mother's diet or feeding the baby milk

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with 18% to 28% of the population suffering from the condition. Occasional gastroesophageal reflux without troublesome symptoms or complications is even more common. The classic symptoms of GERD were first described in 1925, when Friedenwald and Feldman commented on heartburn and its possible

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The current gold standard for diagnosis of GERD is esophageal pH monitoring. It is the most objective test to diagnose the reflux disease and allows monitoring GERD patients in their response to medical or surgical treatment. One practice for diagnosis of GERD is a short-term treatment with

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are recommended if these changes are not effective; aluminum- and magnesium hydroxide-based antacids are also safe. Antacids that contain sodium bicarbonate or magnesium trisilicate should be avoided in pregnancy. Sucralfate has been studied in pregnancy and proven to be safe as is

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Kurian AA, Bhayani N, Sharata A, et al. (January 2013). "Partial anterior vs partial posterior fundoplication following transabdominal esophagocardiomyotomy for achalasia of the esophagus: meta-regression of objective postoperative gastroesophageal reflux and dysphagia".

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branches that innervate the stomach lining. This treatment has been largely replaced by medication. Vagotomy by itself tended to worsen contraction of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach, and delayed stomach emptying. Historically, vagotomy was combined with

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occur at least 2–3 hours before bedtime), elevation of the head of the bed on 6-inch blocks, avoidance of smoking, and avoidance of tight clothing that increases pressure in the stomach. It may be beneficial to avoid spices, citrus juices, tomatoes and

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Of the estimated 4 million babies born in the US each year, up to 35% of them may have difficulties with reflux in the first few months of their lives, known as 'spitting up'. About 90% of infants will outgrow their reflux by their first birthday.

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be implemented are elevating the head of the bed, eating small portions of food at regularly scheduled intervals, reduce fluid intake with a meal, avoid eating three hours before bedtime, and refrain from lying down after eating. Calcium-based

5841: 5826: 5811: 5796: 1515:, the examination of the stomach with a fibre-optic scope, is not routinely needed if the case is typical and responds to treatment. It is recommended when people either do not respond well to treatment or have alarm symptoms, including 1716:. The use of acid suppression therapy is a common response to GERD symptoms and many people get more of this kind of treatment than their case merits. The overuse of acid suppression is a problem because of the side effects and costs. 1948:

NDO Surgical Plicator creates a plication, or fold, of tissue near the gastroesophageal junction, and fixates the plication with a suture-based implant. The company ceased operations in mid-2008, and the device is no longer on the

1270:, and other respiratory problems, such as wheezing. Inconsolable crying, refusing food, crying for food and then pulling off the bottle or breast only to cry for it again, failure to gain adequate weight, bad breath, and 1531:, weight loss, or voice changes. Some physicians advocate either once-in-a-lifetime or 5- to 10-yearly endoscopy for people with longstanding GERD, to evaluate the possible presence of dysplasia or Barrett's esophagus. 2309:

Parker M (June 2010). "Book Review: Krause's Food and Nutrition TherapyMahanLKEscott-StumpS. Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy. 12th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; (2007). 1376 pp, $ $ 149.95. ISBN: 978-1-4160-3401-8".

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Perry KA, Banerjee A, Melvin WS (August 2012). "Radiofrequency energy delivery to the lower esophageal sphincter reduces esophageal acid exposure and improves GERD symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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is associated with more severe GERD. In a large series of 2,000 patients with symptomatic reflux disease, it has been shown that 13% of changes in esophageal acid exposure is attributable to changes in body mass

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is an alternative procedure that is sometimes used to treat neurologically impaired children with GERD. Preliminary studies have shown it may have a lower failure rate and a lower incidence of recurrent reflux.

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The diagnosis of GERD is usually made when typical symptoms are present. Reflux can be present in people without symptoms and the diagnosis requires both symptoms or complications and reflux of stomach content.

4812: 3328:"Obesity and gastroesophageal reflux: quantifying the association between body mass index, esophageal acid exposure, and lower esophageal sphincter status in a large series of patients with reflux symptoms" 1937:

Endocinch puts stitches in the lower esophogeal sphincter (LES) to create small pleats to help strengthen the muscle. However, long-term results were disappointing, and the device is no longer sold by Bard.

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Numans ME, Lau J, de Wit NJ, Bonis PA (April 2004). "Short-term treatment with proton-pump inhibitors as a test for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test characteristics".

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Severity may be documented with the Johnson-DeMeester's scoring system: 0 – None 1 – Minimal – occasional episodes 2 – Moderate – medical therapy visits 3 – Severe – interference with daily activities

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that commonly occur. Adverse responses include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, vomiting, and nausea. Contraindications that would advise against use of the device are patients who are or may be

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Lipka S, Kumar A, Richter JE (June 2015). "No evidence for efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Medical nutrition therapy plays an essential role in managing the symptoms of the disease by preventing reflux, preventing pain and irritation, and decreasing gastric secretions.

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Body C, Christie JA (June 2016). "Gastrointestinal Diseases in Pregnancy: Nausea, Vomiting, Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Constipation, and Diarrhea".

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Zajac P, Holbrook A, Super ME, et al. (March–April 2013). "An overview: Current clinical guidelines for the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and management of dyspepsia".

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study, reported in 2004, found no clinically significant difference between these two types of patients with regard to the subjective or objective measures of disease severity.

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Gatti C, di Abriola GF, Villa M, et al. (May 2001). "Esophagogastric dissociation versus fundoplication: Which is best for severely neurologically impaired children?".

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being the most commonly affected. In the United States 20% of people have symptoms in a given week and 7% every day. No data supports sex predominance with regard to GERD.

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van der Pol RJ, Smits MJ, van Wijk MP, et al. (May 2011). "Efficacy of proton-pump inhibitors in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review".

6462: 5317:"Canadian Digestive Health Foundation Public Impact Series: Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Canada: Incidence, prevalence, and direct and indirect economic impact" 4809: 2850:

Lechien JR, Bobin F, Muls V, et al. (December 2019). "Gastroesophageal reflux in laryngopharyngeal reflux patients: Clinical features and therapeutic response".

1336:. The risk of progression from Barrett's to dysplasia is uncertain, but is estimated at 20% of cases. Due to the risk of chronic heartburn progressing to Barrett's, 1262:

since they cannot describe what they are feeling and indicators must be observed. Symptoms may vary from typical adult symptoms. GERD in children may cause repeated

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Tighe MP, Afzal NA, Bevan A, Beattie RM (2009). "Current pharmacological management of gastro-esophageal reflux in children: an evidence-based systematic review".

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Kasasbeh A, Kasasbeh E, Krishnaswamy G (2007). "Potential mechanisms connecting asthma, esophageal reflux, and obesity/sleep apnea complex—a hypothetical review".

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stopping smoking. Foods that may precipitate GERD symptoms include coffee, alcohol, chocolate, fatty foods, acidic foods, and spicy foods. Medications include

6057: 1771:(a prokinetic) is not recommended either alone or in combination with other treatments due to concerns around adverse effects. The benefit of the prokinetic 2353: 1855:

Some patients who are at an increased surgical risk or do not tolerate PPIs may qualify for a more recently developed incisionless procedure known as a TIF

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Lechien JR, Saussez S, Karkos PD (December 2018). "Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapeutic challenges in 2018".

965: 2067: 6096: 3564:"There is no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected and not infected with Helicobacter pylori" 3299:

Ayazi S, Crookes PF, Peyre CG, et al. (September 2007). "Objective documentation of the link between gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity".

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Goyal A, Khalil B, Choo K, et al. (June 2005). "Esophagogastric dissociation in the neurologically impaired: an alternative to fundoplication?".

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receptor, while effective, has similar issues of needing frequent dosing in addition to greater adverse effects compared to other medications.

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The treatments for GERD may include food choices, lifestyle changes, medications, and possibly surgery. Initial treatment is frequently with a

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Testoni PA, Vailati C (August 2012). "Transoral incisionless fundoplication with EsophyX® for treatment of gastro-oesphageal reflux disease".

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Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is defined as 'gastrooesophageal reflux' associated with complications including oesophagitis...

5856: 2606: 5034:"American gastroenterological association institute medical position statement on the use of gastrointestinal medications in pregnancy" 4831:"Long-term outcomes of transoral incisionless fundoplication for gastro-esophageal reflux disease: systematic-review and meta-analysis" 1492:

may be useful in those who do not improve after PPIs and is not needed in those in whom Barrett's esophagus is seen. Investigation for

7437: 6537: 5944: 1638:. Differential diagnosis of GERD can also include dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, esophageal and gastric cancer, and food allergies. 549: 5114: 7209: 7056: 1658:. This is often safer and less expensive than taking prescription drugs. Some guidelines recommend trying to treat symptoms with an 506: 4140:

Newberry C, Lynch K (20 July 2017). "Can We Use Diet to Effectively Treat Esophageal Disease? A Review of the Current Literature".

1201:. The acid reflux can induce asthma attack symptoms like shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing in those with underlying asthma. 7595: 6954: 1695: 7095: 6707: 6690: 6195: 6190: 3484:

O'Connor HJ (February 1999). "Helicobacter pylori and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-clinical implications and management".

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British: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD); gastric reflux disease, acid reflux disease, reflux, gastroesophageal reflux

6220: 6949: 6905: 6799: 6621: 5679: 4602:"Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: total or partial fundoplication? systematic review and meta-analysis" 3527:

El-Omar EM, Oien K, El-Nujumi A, et al. (1997). "Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastric acid hyposecretion".

1631: 1465:: This is a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and can be a cause of dysphagia or difficulty swallowing. 922: 7160: 3726: 2711: 2411: 7006: 3727:"American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 3692:"American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 2412:"American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 2377:"American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 2174:"American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 555: 7674: 4829:

Testoni, S, Hassan, C, Mazzoleni, G, Antonelli, G, Fanti, L, Passaretti, S, Correale, L, Cavestro, G, Testoni, P (2021).

2785: 1567:(EE) if eosinophils are present in high enough numbers. Less than 20 eosinophils per high-power microscopic field in the 1306:

Signs of enamel erosion are the appearance of a smooth, silky-glazed, sometimes dull, enamel surface with the absence of

87:) entering the esophagus (three vertical collections of white material in the mid-line of the chest) due to severe reflux 6915: 6434: 6042: 1975: 1821: 1813: 712: 6129: 7655: 4509:"Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults" 2001:

Gastroenterology & Nutrition: Prepare for the MRCPCH. Key Articles from the Paediatrics & Child Health journal

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Nardino RJ, Vender RJ, Herbert PN (November 2000). "Overuse of acid-suppressive therapy in hospitalized patients".

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Morabito A, Lall A, Lo Piccolo R, et al. (May 2006). "Total esophagogastric dissociation: 10 years' review".

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are also common. Children may have one symptom or many; no single symptom is universal in all children with GERD.

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materials. A warning advises that the device should not be used by patients who could be exposed to, or undergo,

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proton-pump inhibitors, with improvement in symptoms suggesting a positive diagnosis. Short-term treatment with

7114: 6429: 6387: 6200: 6075: 6062: 6003: 5867: 4101:"Are lifestyle measures effective in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease? An evidence-based approach" 2063: 1627: 1564: 1489: 1239: 1105: 1073: 994: 927: 341: 6032: 1212:– inflammation of esophageal epithelium which can cause ulcers near the junction of the stomach and esophagus 7643: 7039: 6816: 6557: 6349: 6008: 4819:, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Update of 17 January 2014 887: 794: 482: 451: 264: 7600: 7343: 7119: 6843: 6826: 6236: 6210: 6086: 6037: 5998: 5976: 5968: 5706: 4880:"Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication for Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Where Do We Stand?" 1756: 1724: 1655: 1560: 1501: 1325: 1319: 1221: 1046: 881: 352: 277: 68: 5480:

Jafri SM, Arora G, Triadafilopoulos G (July 2009). "What is left of the endoscopic antireflux devices?".

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may help predict abnormal 24-hour pH monitoring results among patients with symptoms suggestive of GERD.

1228:(changes of the epithelial cells from squamous to intestinal columnar epithelium) of the distal esophagus 7479: 7367: 7051: 6959: 6920: 6848: 3794: 3193: 1807: 1667: 1647: 1204:

GERD sometimes causes injury to the esophagus. These injuries may include one or more of the following:

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every five years is recommended for people with chronic heartburn, or who take drugs for chronic GERD.

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receptor blockers; however, sucralfate needs to be taken multiple times a day, thus limiting its use.

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esophagus, in the presence of other histologic features of GERD, is more consistent with GERD than EE.

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Elser HE (2012). "Positioning after feedings: what is the evidence to reduce feeding intolerances?".

1243: 1215: 1109: 1042: 897: 849: 583: 357: 345: 273: 5711: 3254:"Nocturnal reflux episodes following the administration of a standardized meal. Does timing matter?" 2265:

Hershcovici T, Fass R (April 2011). "Pharmacological management of GERD: where does it stand now?".

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is not recommended for use in the diagnosis, being recommended only prior to surgery. Ambulatory

754: 545: 242: 7458: 6500: 6298: 2027: 7236: 7174: 7155: 6528: 5907: 5878: 5805: 5767: 5724: 5666: 5619: 5576: 5540: 5497: 5462: 5444: 5405: 5387: 5348: 5297: 5289: 5204: 5161: 5096: 5055: 5014: 5006: 4960: 4909: 4860: 4792: 4741: 4706: 4668: 4623: 4574: 4538: 4489: 4440: 4396: 4344: 4298: 4257: 4216: 4157: 4122: 4081: 4027: 3914: 3906: 3814: 3768: 3713: 3659: 3585: 3544: 3501: 3460: 3433: 3398: 3377:"Is there a relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease?" 3357: 3273: 3234: 3156: 3121: 3029: 2971: 2916: 2867: 2824: 2769: 2685: 2667: 2633: 2538: 2532: 2499: 2493: 2474: 2456: 2398: 2327: 2282: 2220: 2214: 2195: 2004: 1941: 1922: 1356:

A small amount of acid reflux is typical even in healthy people (as with infrequent and minor

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and the esophagus. Diagnosis among those who do not improve with simpler measures may involve

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Festi D, Scaioli E, Baldi F, Vestito A, Pasqui F, Di Biase AR, Colecchia A (14 April 2009).

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In 1999, a review of existing studies found that, on average, 40% of GERD patients also had

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should be ruled out before making the diagnosis. Another kind of acid reflux, which causes

1068:, and taking certain medications. Medications that may cause or worsen the disease include 7688: 7382: 7179: 7109: 6975: 6910: 6875: 6746: 6611: 6547: 6449: 6368: 6359: 6309: 6249: 6134: 6111: 4816: 4277:"Decreased acid suppression therapy overuse after education and medication reconciliation" 3180: 1837: 1389: 1182: 1101: 819: 774: 724: 674: 651: 645: 588: 560: 337: 5936: 5697:

Hirano I, Richter JE (March 2007). "ACG practice guidelines: esophageal reflux testing".

4929:"Update on novel endoscopic therapies to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease: A review" 4419:"Meta-analysis: the efficacy of over-the-counter gastro-oesophageal reflux disease drugs" 2764: 7649: 7216: 7131: 6685: 6658: 6523: 6458: 6454: 6344: 6314: 5850: 5835: 5457: 5424: 5400: 5367: 5343: 5316: 4955: 4928: 4904: 4879: 4855: 4830: 4787: 4760: 4533: 4508: 4391: 4366: 4211: 4184: 4076: 4051: 4022: 3997: 3352: 3327: 3229: 3212: 3116: 3091: 3075: 3048: 3024: 2997: 2680: 2655: 2628: 2601: 2469: 2436: 1768: 1478: 1069: 932: 759: 669: 608: 525: 17: 4484: 4467: 4340: 3540: 3393: 3376: 3312: 2437:"Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review" 1143:, between 10 and 20% of the population is affected by GERD. It is highly prevalent in 7698: 7504: 7422: 7338: 7285: 7149: 7102: 6895: 6838: 6821: 6733: 6478: 6305: 6180: 6146: 6091: 5720: 5440: 5216: 5157: 4435: 4418: 3580: 3563: 3497: 3269: 3152: 2911: 2879: 1701: 1659: 1615: 1379: 1364:

develop into a recurrent problem. Frequent acid reflux is due to poor closure of the

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Reflux changes that are not erosive in nature lead to "nonerosive reflux disease".

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Eosinophilic inflammation (usually due to reflux): The presence of intraepithelial

1549: 1439: 1418: 937: 872: 854: 749: 739: 679: 5918: 5687: 3734: 3597: 2419: 5872: 5572: 5493: 5285: 5050: 5033: 4570: 3708: 3691: 2820: 2703: 2393: 2376: 2190: 2173: 1218:– the persistent narrowing of the esophagus caused by reflux-induced inflammation 1005:, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. Symptoms include dental corrosion, 7554: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7484: 7427: 7417: 7352: 7313: 7204: 6966: 6944: 6775: 6695: 6339: 6240: 5993: 5924: 5902: 5746:"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 5075:"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 4382: 4013: 3638:"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease" 3065: 2495:

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Principles of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment

1913: 1619: 1454: 1401: 1382:, which increases the likelihood of GERD due to mechanical and motility factors. 1209: 1178: 1174: 1133: 1097: 1038: 1014: 834: 769: 764: 477: 472: 462: 405: 333: 303: 269: 40: 5921: 5883: 4117: 4100: 3452: 3429: 2583: 2452: 2278: 1450: 7574: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7463: 7453: 7448: 7402: 7392: 7323: 7318: 7308: 7303: 7298: 6980: 6653: 6631: 6276: 6215: 5662: 5615: 5536: 5002: 4153: 3902: 3343: 3107: 2737: 1879: 1783: 1736: 1728: 1683: 1651: 1611: 1434:

can lead to an increase in acid secretion, leading to the question of whether

1406: 1329: 1225: 1190: 1030: 1026: 799: 689: 467: 457: 384: 256: 5448: 5391: 5293: 5010: 4945: 4067: 4052:"Overutilization of proton-pump inhibitors: What the clinician needs to know" 3910: 3865:"Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (Silent Reflux): Causes, Treatment, Diet, and More" 2671: 2460: 2331: 2323: 1438:-infected GERD patients are any different from non-infected GERD patients. A 1165:

The most common symptoms of GERD in adults are an acidic taste in the mouth,

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Kellerman R, Kintanar T (December 2017). "Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease".

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A number of endoscopic devices have been tested to treat chronic heartburn.

1772: 1634:(EERD). Unlike GERD, LPR rarely produces heartburn, and is sometimes called 1588: 1583: 1553: 1516: 1512: 1458: 1426: 1360:), but gastroesophageal reflux becomes gastroesophageal reflux disease when 1357: 1170: 1057: 1010: 1006: 1002: 877: 312: 252: 248: 5771: 5728: 5670: 5623: 5580: 5544: 5501: 5409: 5352: 5301: 5208: 5200: 5165: 5100: 5059: 5018: 4964: 4913: 4864: 4796: 4745: 4710: 4672: 4627: 4578: 4542: 4493: 4444: 4400: 4348: 4302: 4261: 4220: 4161: 4126: 4085: 4031: 3942:

Using the Proton Pump Inhibitors to Treat Heartburn and Stomach Acid Reflux

3918: 3772: 3717: 3663: 3589: 3505: 3464: 3437: 3402: 3361: 3277: 3238: 3160: 3125: 3033: 2920: 2871: 2828: 2773: 2689: 2637: 2478: 2402: 2286: 2199: 5466: 5333: 4236:"The effect of breathing exercises on patients with GERD: a meta-analysis" 3548: 3014: 2619: 6564: 6542: 6254: 5762: 5745: 5091: 5074: 3654: 3637: 2754: 2738:"ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Barrett's Esophagus" 2085: 1909: 1874: 1852:(MRI) because of serious injury to the patient and damage to the device. 1833: 1791: 1764: 1752: 1709: 1414: 1307: 1267: 1263: 1194: 824: 655: 641: 4895: 4846: 4201: 6616: 6382: 6286: 6258: 4663: 4600:

Ramos RF, Lustosa SA, Almeida CA, et al. (October–December 2011).

4293: 4276: 2863: 1829: 1654:. In some cases, a person with GERD symptoms can manage them by taking 1462: 1385: 1369: 1271: 1117: 1093: 1061: 1053: 998: 809: 659: 447: 389: 316: 308: 5788: 7082: 6700: 6586: 5815: 5800: 5383: 2937:

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The primary medications used for GERD are proton-pump inhibitors,

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Medical Device Approvals: LINX Reflux Management System - P100049

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2534:

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5368:"Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease" 4765:

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Factors that have been linked with GERD, but not conclusively:

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3194:"Patient information: Barrett's esophagus (Beyond the Basics)" 1541:

Edema and basal hyperplasia (nonspecific inflammatory changes)

1152:

described reflux and attributed the symptoms to stomach acid.

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Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques

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relationship to a hiatal hernia. In 1934 gastroenterologist

211: 5243:"Helping Baby with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder (GERD)" 3969:"Choosing a PPI to Treat Heartburn, Acid Reflux & GERD" 1859:. Benefits of this procedure may last for up to six years. 1021:, non-cardiac chest pain, extraesophageal symptoms such as 136: 118: 2736:

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Goblet cell intestinal metaplasia or Barrett's esophagus

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Occupational Therapy Services in North County San Diego

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1955:, which uses a device called Esophyx, may be effective. 1912:("highly selective vagotomy"), the surgical removal of 1806:

The standard surgical treatment for severe GERD is the

2498:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 161. 7672: 2082:"GORD | Meaning & Definition for UK English" 1743:

receptor blockers lead to roughly a 40% improvement.

1088:

medicines. Acid reflux is due to poor closure of the

1001:

content persistently and regularly flows up into the

174: 171: 162: 133: 127: 124: 109: 5778: 1547:

Neutrophilic inflammation (usually due to reflux or

214: 194: 165: 156: 115: 112: 7583: 7472: 7436: 7366: 7337: 7284: 7195: 7081: 7074: 7015: 6929: 6886: 6732: 6723: 6676: 6630: 6585: 6471: 6358: 6248: 6235: 6110: 5984: 5975: 5893: 5782: 5425:"Vagotomy and Double Pyloroplasty for Peptic Ulcer" 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 4927:Hopkins J, Switzer NJ, Karmali S (25 August 2015). 4275:Gupta R, Marshall J, Munoz JC, et al. (2013). 4050:Heidelbaugh JJ, Kim AH, Chang R, Walker PC (2012). 2998:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Tooth Erosion" 411: 383: 375: 351: 327: 302: 291: 283: 263: 241: 229: 153: 139: 91: 58: 53: 4234:Qiu K, Wang J, Chen B, Wang H, Ma C (March 2020). 2537:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 372. 2219:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 124. 2172:Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF (October 2008). 3947:(Report). Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs. 2013. 3375:Morse CA, Quan SF, Mays MZ, et al. 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Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. 1417:, which can affect the ability to neutralize 1332:, which is in turn a precursor condition for 959: 8: 6058:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction 4099:Kaltenbach T, Crockett S, Gerson LB (2006). 3631: 3629: 3627: 2996:Ranjitkar S, Kaidonis JA, Smales RJ (2012). 2492:Granderath FA, Kamolz T, Pointner R (2006). 1290:Frontal view of severe tooth erosion in GERD 4933:World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 4412: 4410: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 2595: 2593: 1759:=13) while a combination of an antacid and 1352:A comparison of a healthy condition to GERD 32:"GERD" redirects here. For other uses, see 27:Flow of stomach contents into the esophagus 7259: 7245: 7237: 7078: 6729: 6245: 6097:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis 5981: 5959: 5945: 5937: 5779: 5744:Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF (March 2013). 5073:Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF (March 2013). 4281:International Journal of Clinical Practice 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3636:Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF (March 2013). 2991: 2989: 2987: 2899:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2260: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 966: 952: 420: 67: 50: 5761: 5710: 5456: 5399: 5366:Kim YS, Kim N, Kim GH (30 October 2016). 5342: 5332: 5090: 5049: 4991:Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 4954: 4944: 4903: 4854: 4786: 4776: 4662: 4617: 4532: 4483: 4434: 4390: 4292: 4251: 4210: 4200: 4116: 4075: 4021: 3707: 3653: 3579: 3392: 3351: 3228: 3115: 3074: 3064: 3023: 3013: 2928: 2910: 2763: 2753: 2679: 2627: 2468: 2392: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2189: 2167: 2165: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2003:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 130. 5525:Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4056:Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 3998:"Overprescribing proton pump inhibitors" 3796:Patient information: Barrett's esophagus 2656:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)" 2137:"Acid Reflux (GER & GERD) in Adults" 7679: 4513:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3765:10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00011 1991: 1971:EndoStim Electrical Stimulation Therapy 1767:) may improve symptoms by 60% (NNT=4). 1755:is weaker with a benefit of about 10% ( 1731:, are the most effective, followed by H 1537:performed during gastroscopy may show: 1368:, which is at the junction between the 1361: 1242:(LPR). Other complications can include 1092:, which is at the junction between the 432: 379:Lifestyle changes, medications, surgery 83:from the stomach (white material below 4984: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4507:Garg SK, Gurusamy KS (November 2015). 4417:Tran T, Lowry AM, El-Serag HB (2007). 4367:"Overprescribing PPIs: An old problem" 3200:from the original on 9 September 2017. 3047:Romano C, Cardile S (11 August 2014). 2233:from the original on 8 September 2017. 1544:Lymphocytic inflammation (nonspecific) 7705:Medical conditions related to obesity 7606:Vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin 6325:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 4684: 4682: 3954:from the original on 22 February 2020 3803:from the original on 9 September 2017 3092:"Erosion--diagnosis and risk factors" 2649: 2647: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2150:from the original on 22 February 2020 2070:from the original on 8 December 2015. 2052:from the original on 8 December 2015. 2034:from the original on 8 December 2015. 1953:Transoral incisionless fundoplication 1857:transoral incisionless fundoplication 1670:because of cost and safety concerns. 1375:Factors that can contribute to GERD: 7: 5750:American Journal of Gastroenterology 5699:American Journal of Gastroenterology 5321:Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 5079:American Journal of Gastroenterology 4329:American Journal of Gastroenterology 3642:American Journal of Gastroenterology 3451:Tanaja J, Lopez RA, Meer JM (2022), 3301:American Journal of Gastroenterology 3258:American Journal of Gastroenterology 3139:Donovan T (2009). 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Archived from 2654:Clarrett DM, Hachem C (May 2018). 2531:Arcangelo VP, Peterson AM (2006). 2356:from the original on 26 April 2021 2267:Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 1484:should not be used for diagnosis. 550:Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome 25: 7210:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 7057:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency 5032:Mahadevan U, Kane S (July 2006). 4189:World Journal of Gastroenterology 3996:Forgacs I, Loganayagam A (2008). 3313:10.14309/00000434-200709002-00059 2714:from the original on 22 July 2021 2602:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease" 1473:Other investigations may include 987:gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 7682: 7596:Omeprazole/amoxicillin/rifabutin 6955:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis 5721:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00936.x 5684:National Guideline Clearinghouse 5441:10.1097/00000658-197501000-00010 5241:chantelpowellot (14 July 2014). 5158:10.2165/00148581-200911030-00004 5125:from the original on 14 May 2020 4878:Jain D, Singhal S (March 2016). 4436:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03135.x 4142:Current Gastroenterology Reports 3731:National Guideline Clearinghouse 3581:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02171.x 3498:10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00460.x 3270:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01348.x 3153:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00291.x 3090:Lussi A, Jaeggi T (March 2008). 2912:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02253.x 2416:National Guideline Clearinghouse 1696:Drugs for acid-related disorders 204: 184: 99: 6196:Gastric antral vascular ectasia 6191:Portal hypertensive gastropathy 6068:Gastroesophageal reflux disease 5253:from the original on 4 May 2021 4619:10.1590/s0004-28032011000400007 3183:. Retrieved on 1 February 2009. 1409:, which can impede the flow of 1173:. Less common symptoms include 979:Gastroesophageal reflux disease 54:Gastroesophageal reflux disease 6950:Primary sclerosing cholangitis 6800:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease 6622:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome 4738:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.03.004 4703:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.01.013 4525:10.1002/14651858.CD003243.pub3 3830:Michael F. Vaezi, MD PhD MSc. 2312:Nutrition in Clinical Practice 1786:has similar effectiveness to H 1632:extraesophageal reflux disease 1626:signs and symptoms, is called 1430:infection. The eradication of 923:Social determinants of obesity 1: 7007:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction 4759:Badillo R, Francis D (2014). 4606:Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 4485:10.1016/S0003-4975(03)01352-3 4341:10.1016/s0002-9270(00)02052-9 4240:Annals of Palliative Medicine 3541:10.1016/S0016-5085(97)70075-1 3394:10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00347-7 3053:Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2968:Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 1999:Carroll W (14 October 2016). 1185:(also known as water brash), 556:Metabolically healthy obesity 6916:Postcholecystectomy syndrome 6435:Intestinal pseudoobstruction 6043:Esophageal motility disorder 5573:10.1097/sle.0b013e3182582e92 5494:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32832ad8b4 5286:10.1097/ANC.0b013e318256b7c1 5051:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.04.048 4835:Endoscopy International Open 4726:Journal of Pediatric Surgery 4691:Journal of Pediatric Surgery 4643:Journal of Pediatric Surgery 4571:10.1001/jamasurgery.2013.409 3709:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.045 3381:Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol 3096:Clinical Oral Investigations 2821:10.1097/MOO.0000000000000486 2572:Osteopathic Family Physician 2394:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.045 2191:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.044 2084:. Lexico.com. Archived from 1976:Esophageal motility disorder 1822:Food and Drug Administration 1814:Esophagogastric dissociation 1298:Severe tooth erosion in GERD 713:Obesity-associated morbidity 5604:Digestive and Liver Disease 4383:10.1136/bmj.39458.462338.3A 4014:10.1136/bmj.39406.449456.BE 3753:Annals of Internal Medicine 3066:10.1186/1824-7288-40-S1-A73 2184:(4): 1392–1413, 1413.e1–5. 1735:receptor blockers, such as 1563:may suggest a diagnosis of 1461:near the junction with the 908:Obesity and the environment 7726: 6901:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis 6425:Functional colonic disease 6221:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome 5650:Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 4472:Annals of Thoracic Surgery 4118:10.1001/archinte.166.9.965 3430:10.1016/j.smrv.2006.05.001 2584:10.1016/j.osfp.2012.10.005 2453:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269 2279:10.1016/j.tips.2011.02.007 1850:magnetic resonance imaging 1693: 1577:Elongation of the papillae 1475:esophagogastroduodenoscopy 1366:lower esophageal sphincter 1317: 1266:, effortless spitting up, 1090:lower esophageal sphincter 323:, taking certain medicines 297:lower esophageal sphincter 295:Inadequate closure of the 38: 31: 7633: 7614: 6102:Acute esophageal necrosis 5663:10.1016/j.gie.2007.05.027 5616:10.1016/j.dld.2012.03.019 5537:10.1016/j.cgh.2014.10.013 5274:Advances in Neonatal Care 5003:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.02.005 4365:McKay AB, Wall D (2008). 4154:10.1007/s11894-017-0578-5 3903:10.1016/j.pop.2017.07.001 3702:(4): 1383–91, 1391.e1–5. 3344:10.1007/s11605-009-0930-7 3108:10.1007/s00784-007-0179-z 2387:(4): 1383–91, 1391.e1–5. 1981:Esophageal motility study 1925:to counter this problem. 1908:An obsolete treatment is 1313: 1232:Esophageal adenocarcinoma 1078:tricyclic antidepressants 531:Classification of obesity 75: 66: 6201:Gastric dumping syndrome 6076:Laryngopharyngeal reflux 6063:Diffuse esophageal spasm 4946:10.4253/wjge.v7.i11.1039 4815:10 November 2013 at the 4068:10.1177/1756283X12437358 2324:10.1177/0884533610362901 1794:, an agonist of the GABA 1628:laryngopharyngeal reflux 1565:eosinophilic esophagitis 1490:esophageal pH monitoring 1106:esophageal pH monitoring 1074:calcium channel blockers 995:gastrointestinal disease 928:Social stigma of obesity 342:esophageal pH monitoring 7314:Lavoltidine (loxtidine) 6817:Alcoholic liver disease 6350:Bile acid malabsorption 6294:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer 4778:10.4292/wjgpt.v5.i3.105 4655:10.1053/jpsu.2001.22935 4253:10.21037/apm.2020.02.35 3174:and Barrett's Esophagus 2949:"Spitting Up in Babies" 1945:improves GERD symptoms. 1527:(detected chemically), 1496:is not usually needed. 1402:Obstructive sleep apnea 1328:, a type of intestinal 888:Fat acceptance movement 795:Anti-obesity medication 483:Gestational weight gain 18:Gastroesophageal reflux 7601:Vonoprazan/amoxicillin 7438:Potassium-competitive 7368:Proton-pump inhibitors 6827:Hepatic encephalopathy 6211:Buried bumper syndrome 6142:Peptic (gastric) ulcer 6026:Mallory–Weiss syndrome 5969:human digestive system 5201:10.1542/peds.2010-2719 4423:Aliment Pharmacol Ther 3568:Aliment Pharmacol Ther 3486:Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1725:Proton-pump inhibitors 1720:Proton-pump inhibitors 1656:over-the-counter drugs 1606:Differential diagnosis 1502:proton-pump inhibitors 1466: 1353: 1299: 1291: 1238:GERD sometimes causes 1130:proton pump inhibitors 993:) is a chronic upper 402:proton pump inhibitors 353:Differential diagnosis 7624:eradication protocols 7480:Aceglutamide aluminum 7052:Pancreatic pseudocyst 6921:Porcelain gallbladder 6033:Zenker's diverticulum 5690:on 28 September 2010. 3332:J. Gastrointest. Surg 3179:19 April 2015 at the 2748:(1): 30–50, quiz 51. 2620:10.1056/NEJMcp0804684 1808:Nissen fundoplication 1668:proton-pump inhibitor 1648:proton-pump inhibitor 1453: 1351: 1297: 1289: 1216:Esophageal strictures 1052:Risk factors include 913:Obesity and sexuality 788:Management of obesity 664:Binge eating disorder 624:Waist-to-height ratio 274:esophageal strictures 7495:Arbaclofen placarbil 6856:Hepatorenal syndrome 6795:Budd–Chiari syndrome 6752:Autoimmune hepatitis 6577:Intestinal adhesions 6335:Short bowel syndrome 6164:Functional dyspepsia 6082:Esophageal stricture 6048:Nutcracker esophagus 5763:10.1038/ajg.2012.444 5092:10.1038/ajg.2012.444 3655:10.1038/ajg.2012.444 2755:10.1038/ajg.2015.322 2742:Am. J. Gastroenterol 2600:Kahrilas PJ (2008). 1486:Esophageal manometry 1244:aspiration pneumonia 1240:injury of the larynx 1183:increased salivation 1175:pain with swallowing 1110:esophageal manometry 1043:esophageal stricture 898:Health at Every Size 850:Weight loss coaching 584:Body adiposity index 358:Peptic ulcer disease 346:esophageal manometry 259:, breathing problems 7622:Helicobacter pylori 6995:Choledocholithiasis 6866:Metabolic disorders 6832:Acute liver failure 6805:Portal hypertension 6757:Alcoholic hepatitis 6600:Radiation proctitis 6519:Mesenteric ischemia 6491:Gastroenterocolitis 6320:Blind loop syndrome 6130:Ménétrier's disease 6038:Barrett's esophagus 5334:10.1155/2010/296584 4896:10.5946/ce.2015.044 4847:10.1055/a-1322-2209 4377:(7636): 109.1–109. 4202:10.3748/wjg.15.1690 3015:10.1155/2012/479850 2216:In a Page: Medicine 2146:. 5 November 2015. 2088:on 11 February 2022 1966:Acid perfusion test 1863:Special populations 1372:and the esophagus. 1326:Barrett's esophagus 1320:Barrett's esophagus 1314:Barrett's esophagus 1250:Children and babies 1222:Barrett's esophagus 1047:Barrett's esophagus 918:Sedentary lifestyle 730:Fatty liver disease 694:Starvation response 594:Body fat percentage 541:Genetics of obesity 278:Barrett's esophagus 7660:Never to phase III 7500:Bismuth subcitrate 7170:Undefined location 7161:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft 7062:Pancreatic fistula 7045:Pancreatic abscess 7000:Biliary dyskinesia 6971:Mirizzi's syndrome 6472:Large and/or small 6152:Dieulafoy's lesion 6021:Boerhaave syndrome 5894:External resources 5119:www.mayoclinic.org 4884:Clinical Endoscopy 4294:10.1111/ijcp.12046 3737:on 17 August 2010. 3211:Sontag SJ (1999). 3102:(Suppl 1): S5–13. 2955:on 8 October 2008. 2905:(Suppl 9): 26–38. 2864:10.1002/lary.28482 2422:on 17 August 2010. 1826:gas bloat syndrome 1525:blood in the stool 1467: 1362:signs and symptoms 1354: 1300: 1292: 1234:– a form of cancer 1156:Signs and symptoms 755:Obesity and cancer 636:Related conditions 546:Metabolic syndrome 7710:Stomach disorders 7670: 7669: 7234: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7070: 7069: 6672: 6671: 6529:Bowel obstruction 6231: 6230: 5934: 5933: 5531:(6): 1058–67.e1. 5429:Annals of Surgery 4841:(C2): E239–E246. 4105:Arch. Intern. Med 3819:978-0-7817-7942-5 2977:978-0-323-52950-1 2660:Missouri Medicine 2544:978-0-7817-5784-3 2505:978-3-211-32317-5 2352:. 22 April 2019. 2226:978-0-7817-7035-4 2010:978-0-7020-7092-1 1942:Stretta procedure 1923:gastroenterostomy 1820:In 2012 the U.S. 1751:The evidence for 1706:receptor blockers 1334:esophageal cancer 1324:GERD may lead to 1150:Asher Winkelstein 1126:receptor blockers 1029:, reflux-induced 976: 975: 805:Bariatric surgery 614:Relative Fat Mass 503:Childhood obesity 493:Weight management 434:Human body weight 419: 418: 398:receptor blockers 362:esophageal cancer 329:Diagnostic method 48:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 7717: 7687: 7686: 7685: 7678: 7570:Zinc L-carnosine 7261: 7254: 7247: 7238: 7222:Pneumoperitoneum 7079: 6989:Common bile duct 6871:Wilson's disease 6861:Peliosis hepatis 6730: 6607:Proctalgia fugax 6514:Abdominal angina 6439:Ogilvie syndrome 6388:Pseudomembranous 6246: 6206:Gastric volvulus 6171:Pyloric stenosis 5982: 5967:Diseases of the 5961: 5954: 5947: 5938: 5780: 5775: 5765: 5740: 5714: 5691: 5686:. Archived from 5677:Lay summary in: 5674: 5646: 5628: 5627: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5460: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5403: 5384:10.5056/jnm16138 5363: 5357: 5356: 5346: 5336: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5238: 5221: 5220: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5094: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5053: 5038:Gastroenterology 5029: 5023: 5022: 4986: 4969: 4968: 4958: 4948: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4907: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4858: 4826: 4820: 4807: 4801: 4800: 4790: 4780: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4686: 4677: 4676: 4666: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4621: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4536: 4519:(11): CD003243. 4504: 4498: 4497: 4487: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4438: 4414: 4405: 4404: 4394: 4362: 4353: 4352: 4324: 4315: 4314: 4296: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4255: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4214: 4204: 4195:(14): 1690–701. 4180: 4174: 4173: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4120: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4079: 4047: 4036: 4035: 4025: 3993: 3982: 3979: 3976:Consumer Reports 3973: 3966:Lay summary in: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3953: 3946: 3938: 3923: 3922: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3843: 3836: 3827: 3821: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3733:. Archived from 3724:Lay summary in: 3721: 3711: 3696:Gastroenterology 3687: 3668: 3667: 3657: 3633: 3602: 3601: 3583: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3529:Gastroenterology 3524: 3518: 3517: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3453:"Cholelithiasis" 3448: 3442: 3441: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3396: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3355: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3232: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3190: 3184: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3119: 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3068: 3059:(Suppl 1): A73. 3044: 3038: 3037: 3027: 3017: 2993: 2982: 2981: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2932: 2914: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2858:(8): E479–E489. 2847: 2841: 2840: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2767: 2757: 2733: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2683: 2651: 2642: 2641: 2631: 2597: 2588: 2587: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2472: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2418:. Archived from 2409:Lay summary in: 2406: 2396: 2381:Gastroenterology 2372: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2306: 2291: 2290: 2262: 2235: 2234: 2213:Kahan S (2008). 2210: 2204: 2203: 2193: 2178:Gastroenterology 2169: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2133: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2024: 2018: 2017: 1996: 1727:(PPIs), such as 1712:with or without 1610:Other causes of 1199:globus sensation 968: 961: 954: 845:Weight loss camp 840:Obesity medicine 720:Arteriosclerosis 604:Corpulence index 599:Body Shape Index 566:Set point theory 536:Exercise paradox 520:Medical concepts 488:Diet (nutrition) 442:General concepts 421: 366:esophageal spasm 236:Gastroenterology 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 210: 201: 200: 197: 196: 193: 190: 181: 180: 177: 176: 173: 170: 167: 164: 161: 158: 155: 151: 150: 147: 144: 141: 138: 135: 132: 129: 126: 123: 120: 117: 114: 111: 108: 105: 71: 51: 21: 7725: 7724: 7720: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7683: 7681: 7673: 7671: 7666: 7665: 7650:Clinical trials 7629: 7610: 7579: 7468: 7439: 7432: 7383:Dexlansoprazole 7370: 7362: 7342: 7333: 7289: 7280: 7265: 7235: 7226: 7191: 7180:Internal hernia 7066: 7011: 6976:Biliary fistula 6934: 6925: 6911:Adenomyomatosis 6906:Cholesterolosis 6882: 6876:Hemochromatosis 6747:Viral hepatitis 6719: 6668: 6626: 6612:Rectal prolapse 6581: 6548:Fecal impaction 6538:Intussusception 6501:Crohn's disease 6467: 6450:Toxic megacolon 6362: 6360:Large intestine 6354: 6299:Curling's ulcer 6252: 6250:Small intestine 6239: 6227: 6135:Gastroenteritis 6106: 5971: 5965: 5935: 5930: 5929: 5889: 5888: 5791: 5743: 5712:10.1.1.619.3818 5696: 5678: 5644: 5639: 5636: 5634:Further reading 5631: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5522: 5521: 5517: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5365: 5364: 5360: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5271: 5270: 5266: 5256: 5254: 5240: 5239: 5224: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5031: 5030: 5026: 4988: 4987: 4972: 4939:(11): 1039–44. 4926: 4925: 4921: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4817:Wayback Machine 4808: 4804: 4758: 4757: 4753: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4688: 4687: 4680: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4416: 4415: 4408: 4364: 4363: 4356: 4335:(11): 3118–22. 4326: 4325: 4318: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4049: 4048: 4039: 3995: 3994: 3985: 3971: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3926: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3812: 3808: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3725: 3689: 3688: 3671: 3635: 3634: 3605: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3469: 3467: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3264:(10): 2128–34. 3251: 3250: 3246: 3217:Yale J Biol Med 3213:"Defining GERD" 3210: 3209: 3205: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3181:Wayback Machine 3172: 3168: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3046: 3045: 3041: 2995: 2994: 2985: 2978: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2791: 2789: 2735: 2734: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2653: 2652: 2645: 2599: 2598: 2591: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2545: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2506: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2434: 2433: 2429: 2410: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2308: 2307: 2294: 2264: 2263: 2238: 2227: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2171: 2170: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2135: 2134: 2101: 2091: 2089: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2011: 1998: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1962: 1931: 1906: 1897: 1888: 1870: 1865: 1838:stainless steel 1804: 1797: 1789: 1781: 1749: 1742: 1734: 1722: 1705: 1698: 1692: 1676: 1666:before using a 1663: 1644: 1608: 1600: 1510: 1448: 1390:body mass index 1346: 1322: 1316: 1284: 1252: 1163: 1158: 1125: 1102:upper GI series 1070:benzodiazepines 972: 943: 942: 868: 860: 859: 820:Caloric deficit 790: 780: 779: 775:Type 2 diabetes 725:Atherosclerosis 715: 705: 704: 675:Hyperthyroidism 652:Eating disorder 637: 629: 628: 619:Waist–hip ratio 589:Body mass index 579: 571: 570: 561:Obesity paradox 521: 513: 512: 443: 397: 338:upper GI series 247:Taste of acid, 225: 207: 203: 187: 183: 152: 102: 98: 49: 44: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7723: 7721: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7697: 7696: 7692: 7691: 7668: 7667: 7664: 7663: 7662: 7661: 7658: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7476: 7474: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7445: 7443: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7374: 7372: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7360: 7355: 7349: 7347: 7339:Prostaglandins 7335: 7334: 7332: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7295: 7293: 7287: 7282: 7281: 7266: 7264: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7241: 7232: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7217:Hemoperitoneum 7214: 7213: 7212: 7201: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7188: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7106: 7105: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7087: 7085: 7076: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7048: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7021: 7019: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7004: 7003: 7002: 6997: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6941: 6939: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6892: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6879: 6878: 6873: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6836: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6819: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6738: 6736: 6727: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6698: 6688: 6686:Blood in stool 6682: 6680: 6674: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6659:Anal dysplasia 6656: 6651: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6603: 6602: 6591: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6574: 6573: 6572: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6526: 6524:Angiodysplasia 6521: 6516: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6493: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6475: 6473: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6465: 6459:Diverticulosis 6455:Diverticulitis 6452: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6432: 6422: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6380: 6374: 6372: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6345:Milroy disease 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6315:Tropical sprue 6312: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6268: 6266: 6243: 6237:Lower GI tract 6233: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6139: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6116: 6114: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6013: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5990: 5988: 5979: 5977:Upper GI tract 5973: 5972: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5941: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5927: 5910: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5875: 5864: 5853: 5838: 5823: 5808: 5792: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5783:Classification 5777: 5776: 5741: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5594: 5550: 5515: 5472: 5415: 5378:(4): 575–588. 5358: 5307: 5280:(3): 172–175. 5264: 5222: 5179: 5152:(3): 185–202. 5146:Paediatr Drugs 5136: 5106: 5065: 5024: 4997:(2): 267–283. 4970: 4919: 4870: 4821: 4802: 4751: 4732:(6): 915–919. 4716: 4697:(5): 919–922. 4678: 4649:(5): 677–680. 4633: 4592: 4548: 4499: 4458: 4406: 4354: 4316: 4267: 4246:(2): 405–413. 4226: 4175: 4132: 4091: 4062:(4): 219–232. 4037: 3983: 3981: 3980: 3924: 3897:(4): 561–573. 3881: 3855: 3822: 3806: 3786: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3669: 3603: 3554: 3519: 3476: 3443: 3408: 3367: 3318: 3291: 3244: 3223:(2–3): 69–80. 3203: 3185: 3166: 3147:(6): 359–364. 3131: 3082: 3039: 2983: 2976: 2958: 2940: 2885: 2842: 2815:(6): 392–402. 2799: 2725: 2695: 2666:(3): 214–218. 2643: 2614:(16): 1700–7. 2589: 2562: 2543: 2523: 2504: 2484: 2447:(6): 871–880. 2427: 2425: 2424: 2367: 2337: 2292: 2236: 2225: 2205: 2161: 2099: 2073: 2055: 2037: 2019: 2009: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1950: 1946: 1938: 1930: 1927: 1905: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1803: 1800: 1795: 1787: 1780: 1777: 1769:Metoclopramide 1748: 1745: 1740: 1732: 1721: 1718: 1703: 1694:Main article: 1691: 1688: 1675: 1672: 1661: 1643: 1640: 1607: 1604: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1557: 1545: 1542: 1509: 1506: 1479:Barium swallow 1447: 1444: 1422: 1421: 1404: 1395: 1394: 1383: 1345: 1342: 1318:Main article: 1315: 1312: 1283: 1280: 1251: 1248: 1236: 1235: 1229: 1219: 1213: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1123: 1084:, and certain 974: 973: 971: 970: 963: 956: 948: 945: 944: 941: 940: 935: 933:Weight cutting 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 875: 869: 867:Social aspects 866: 865: 862: 861: 858: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 822: 817: 807: 802: 797: 791: 786: 785: 782: 781: 778: 777: 772: 767: 762: 760:Osteoarthritis 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 716: 711: 710: 707: 706: 703: 702: 697: 687: 682: 677: 672: 670:Food addiction 667: 649: 638: 635: 634: 631: 630: 627: 626: 621: 616: 611: 609:Lean body mass 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 580: 577: 576: 573: 572: 569: 568: 563: 558: 553: 543: 538: 533: 528: 526:Adipose tissue 522: 519: 518: 515: 514: 511: 510: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 444: 441: 440: 437: 436: 430: 429: 417: 416: 413: 409: 408: 395: 387: 381: 380: 377: 373: 372: 355: 349: 348: 331: 325: 324: 306: 300: 299: 293: 289: 288: 285: 281: 280: 267: 261: 260: 245: 239: 238: 233: 227: 226: 224: 223: 95: 93: 89: 88: 73: 72: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7722: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7690: 7680: 7676: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7617: 7616: 7613: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7505:Carbenoxolone 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7440:acid blockers 7435: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7423:Tenatoprazole 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7340: 7336: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7283: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7262: 7257: 7255: 7250: 7248: 7243: 7242: 7239: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7091:Diaphragmatic 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7008: 7005: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6965: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6932: 6928: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6896:Cholecystitis 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6840: 6839:Liver abscess 6837: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6822:Liver failure 6820: 6818: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6791: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6765: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6722: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6709: 6706: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6675: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6584: 6578: 6575: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6480: 6479:Enterocolitis 6477: 6476: 6474: 6470: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6357: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6306:Malabsorption 6304: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181:Gastroparesis 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6160: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6147:Cushing ulcer 6145: 6144: 6143: 6140: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6092:Megaesophagus 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6077: 6074: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5995: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5962: 5957: 5955: 5950: 5948: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5916: 5915: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5885: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5837: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5785: 5781: 5773: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5756:(3): 308–28. 5755: 5751: 5747: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5705:(3): 668–85. 5704: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5676: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5657:(2): 219–24. 5656: 5652: 5651: 5643: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5554: 5551: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5519: 5516: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5473: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5416: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5362: 5359: 5354: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5308: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5268: 5265: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5195:(5): 925–35. 5194: 5190: 5183: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5140: 5137: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5107: 5102: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5085:(3): 308–28. 5084: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5066: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5044:(1): 278–82. 5043: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5025: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4890:(2): 147–56. 4889: 4885: 4881: 4874: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4806: 4803: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4771:(3): 105–12. 4770: 4766: 4762: 4755: 4752: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4637: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4612:(4): 252–60. 4611: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4593: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4552: 4549: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4462: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4429:(2): 143–53. 4428: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4411: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4361: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4268: 4263: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4136: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4111:(9): 965–71. 4110: 4106: 4102: 4095: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4008:(7634): 2–3. 4007: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3965: 3964: 3950: 3943: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3882: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3856: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3790: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3759:(7): 518–27. 3758: 3754: 3746: 3743: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3648:(3): 308–28. 3647: 3643: 3639: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3520: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3492:(2): 117–27. 3491: 3487: 3480: 3477: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3447: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3418:Sleep Med Rev 3412: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3371: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3338:(8): 1440–7. 3337: 3333: 3329: 3322: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3292: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3207: 3204: 3199: 3196:. June 2009. 3195: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3135: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3043: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2944: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2803: 2800: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2704:"Esophagitis" 2699: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2563: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2527: 2524: 2511: 2507: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2431: 2428: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2368: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2341: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2273:(4): 258–64. 2272: 2268: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2209: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2138: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2087: 2083: 2077: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2056: 2051: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1992: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1903: 1901: 1894: 1892: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1876: 1867: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1815: 1811: 1809: 1801: 1799: 1793: 1785: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1746: 1744: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1697: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1679: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1636:silent reflux 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1616:heart disease 1613: 1605: 1603: 1597: 1595: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1391: 1388:: increasing 1387: 1384: 1381: 1380:Hiatal hernia 1378: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1350: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1311: 1309: 1304: 1296: 1288: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224:– intestinal 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167:regurgitation 1160: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1146: 1145:North America 1142: 1141:Western world 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1066:hiatal hernia 1063: 1059: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1023:chronic cough 1020: 1019:regurgitation 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 969: 964: 962: 957: 955: 950: 949: 947: 946: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 893:Fat fetishism 891: 889: 886: 883: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 864: 863: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 830: 826: 823: 821: 818: 815: 814:List of diets 811: 808: 806: 803: 801: 798: 796: 793: 792: 789: 784: 783: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 745:Heart disease 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 714: 709: 708: 701: 698: 695: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 665: 661: 657: 653: 650: 647: 643: 640: 639: 633: 632: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 575: 574: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 551: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 523: 517: 516: 508: 504: 501: 499: 498:Overnutrition 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 453: 449: 446: 445: 439: 438: 435: 431: 427: 423: 422: 414: 410: 407: 403: 399: 391: 388: 386: 382: 378: 374: 371: 367: 363: 359: 356: 354: 350: 347: 343: 339: 335: 332: 330: 326: 322: 321:hiatal hernia 318: 314: 310: 307: 305: 301: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 279: 275: 271: 268: 266: 265:Complications 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 244: 240: 237: 234: 232: 228: 219: 199: 179: 97: 96: 94: 92:Pronunciation 90: 86: 82: 81:radiocontrast 78: 74: 70: 65: 61: 57: 52: 46: 42: 35: 30: 19: 7621: 7618: 7584:Combinations 7550:Sulglicotide 7490:Alginic acid 7408:Pantoprazole 7398:Lansoprazole 7388:Esomeprazole 7378:Azeloprazole 7371:("-prazole") 7272: 7269:peptic ulcer 7169: 7148: 7025:Pancreatitis 6987: 6937:biliary tree 6810:Nutmeg liver 6787: 6713:Hematochezia 6664:Pruritus ani 6649:Anal abscess 6644:Anal fistula 6640:Anal fissure 6553:Constipation 6507: 6378:Appendicitis 6186:Gastroptosis 6176:Achlorhydria 6067: 6015: 6004:Eosinophilic 5912: 5901: 5877: 5866: 5855: 5840: 5825: 5810: 5795: 5753: 5749: 5702: 5698: 5688:the original 5683: 5654: 5648: 5610:(8): 631–5. 5607: 5603: 5597: 5567:(4): 283–8. 5564: 5560: 5553: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5488:(4): 352–7. 5485: 5481: 5475: 5435:(1): 40–46. 5432: 5428: 5418: 5375: 5371: 5361: 5327:(7): 431–4. 5324: 5320: 5310: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5255:. Retrieved 5246: 5192: 5188: 5182: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5129:28 September 5127:. Retrieved 5118: 5109: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5041: 5037: 5027: 4994: 4990: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4805: 4768: 4764: 4754: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4694: 4690: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4565:(1): 85–90. 4562: 4558: 4551: 4516: 4512: 4502: 4478:(2): 393–6. 4475: 4471: 4461: 4426: 4422: 4374: 4370: 4332: 4328: 4287:(1): 60–65. 4284: 4280: 4270: 4243: 4239: 4229: 4192: 4188: 4178: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4059: 4055: 4005: 4001: 3975: 3956:. Retrieved 3894: 3891:Primary Care 3890: 3884: 3872:. Retrieved 3868: 3858: 3846:. Retrieved 3825: 3809: 3795: 3789: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3735:the original 3730: 3699: 3695: 3645: 3641: 3574:(7): 761–8. 3571: 3567: 3557: 3535:(1): 15–24. 3532: 3528: 3522: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3468:, retrieved 3456: 3446: 3424:(1): 47–58. 3421: 3417: 3411: 3387:(9): 761–8. 3384: 3380: 3370: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3220: 3216: 3206: 3188: 3169: 3144: 3140: 3134: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3005: 3001: 2967: 2961: 2953:the original 2943: 2902: 2898: 2888: 2855: 2852:Laryngoscope 2851: 2845: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2790:. Retrieved 2745: 2741: 2716:. Retrieved 2707: 2698: 2663: 2659: 2611: 2605: 2578:(2): 79–85. 2575: 2571: 2565: 2553:. Retrieved 2533: 2526: 2514:. Retrieved 2494: 2487: 2444: 2440: 2430: 2420:the original 2415: 2384: 2380: 2370: 2358:. Retrieved 2349: 2340: 2315: 2311: 2270: 2266: 2215: 2208: 2181: 2177: 2152:. Retrieved 2140: 2090:. Retrieved 2086:the original 2076: 2058: 2040: 2022: 2014: 2000: 1994: 1932: 1919:pyloroplasty 1907: 1898: 1895:Epidemiology 1889: 1871: 1854: 1846:ferrous iron 1819: 1812: 1805: 1782: 1779:Other agents 1761:alginic acid 1750: 1723: 1714:alginic acid 1699: 1680: 1677: 1645: 1635: 1609: 1601: 1593: 1550:Helicobacter 1548: 1533: 1511: 1498: 1493: 1472: 1468: 1440:double-blind 1435: 1431: 1425: 1423: 1419:gastric acid 1396: 1374: 1355: 1323: 1305: 1301: 1276: 1253: 1237: 1203: 1164: 1138: 1114: 1051: 990: 986: 982: 978: 977: 938:Weight class 873:Comfort food 855:Yo-yo effect 750:Hypertension 740:Gynecomastia 734: 680:Malnutrition 578:Measurements 507:Epidemiology 452:Epidemiology 304:Risk factors 45: 29: 7646:from market 7555:Telenzepine 7530:Pirenzepine 7525:Lesogaberan 7520:Irsogladine 7485:Acetoxolone 7442:("-prazan") 7428:Timoprazole 7418:Rabeprazole 7413:Picoprazole 7353:Misoprostol 7346:("-prost-") 7292:("-tidine") 7290:antagonists 7205:Peritonitis 6967:Cholestasis 6945:Cholangitis 6888:Gallbladder 6776:Fatty liver 6696:Hematemesis 6678:GI bleeding 6484:Necrotizing 6413:Lymphocytic 6408:Collagenous 6403:Microscopic 6340:Steatorrhea 6241:Enteropathy 6087:Inlet patch 6009:Herpetiform 5994:Esophagitis 5903:MedlinePlus 4664:2108/311079 3958:21 February 3307:: S138–S9. 2154:21 February 2092:11 February 1914:vagus nerve 1775:is modest. 1690:Medications 1684:soft drinks 1620:respiratory 1561:eosinophils 1210:esophagitis 1179:sore throat 1134:prokinetics 1098:gastroscopy 1049:may arise. 1039:esophagitis 1015:odynophagia 835:Liposuction 770:Sleep apnea 765:Prediabetes 478:Weight loss 473:Weight gain 463:Underweight 406:prokinetics 334:Gastroscopy 270:Esophagitis 59:Other names 41:Acid Reflex 7699:Categories 7619:See also: 7575:Zolimidine 7545:Sucralfate 7540:Rebamipide 7535:Proglumide 7464:Vonoprazan 7459:Soraprazan 7454:Revaprazan 7449:Linaprazan 7403:Omeprazole 7393:Ilaprazole 7329:Roxatidine 7324:Ranitidine 7319:Nizatidine 7309:Lafutidine 7304:Famotidine 7299:Cimetidine 7267:Drugs for 7197:Peritoneal 7175:Incisional 7096:Congenital 7040:Hereditary 7017:Pancreatic 6981:Haemobilia 6654:Hemorrhoid 6632:Anal canal 6570:Infectious 6558:Functional 6393:Ulcerative 6277:Duodenitis 6216:Gastrinoma 5879:DiseasesDB 5189:Pediatrics 3874:30 October 3863:Stuart A. 3470:30 October 3457:StatPearls 3008:: 479850. 2350:SleepScore 2318:(3): 314. 1987:References 1882:and PPIs. 1880:ranitidine 1784:Sucralfate 1737:ranitidine 1729:omeprazole 1664:antagonist 1652:omeprazole 1612:chest pain 1455:Endoscopic 1407:Gallstones 1330:metaplasia 1308:perikymata 1226:metaplasia 1191:chest pain 1031:laryngitis 1027:hoarseness 800:Bariatrics 690:Starvation 468:Body shape 458:Overweight 385:Medication 257:chest pain 253:bad breath 7656:Phase III 7644:Withdrawn 7565:Troxipide 7560:Teprenone 7515:Gefarnate 7510:Cetraxate 7358:Enprostil 7344:analogues 7273:GERD/GORD 7185:Richter's 7142:Spigelian 7137:Obturator 7127:Umbilical 6960:Ascending 6931:Bile duct 6764:Cirrhosis 6742:Hepatitis 6725:Accessory 6595:Proctitis 6446:Megacolon 6420:Dysentery 6330:Whipple's 6282:Jejunitis 6272:Enteritis 6159:Dyspepsia 6120:Gastritis 6053:Achalasia 5986:Esophagus 5925:radio/300 5914:eMedicine 5707:CiteSeerX 5449:0003-4932 5392:2093-0879 5294:1536-0911 5217:207164814 5011:1558-1942 4559:JAMA Surg 4148:(8): 38. 3911:1558-299X 3848:20 August 2880:209482485 2792:7 October 2672:0026-6620 2555:28 August 2516:28 August 2461:0017-5749 2332:0884-5336 1868:Pregnancy 1773:mosapride 1763:(such as 1642:Treatment 1630:(LPR) or 1624:laryngeal 1589:Carcinoma 1584:Dysplasia 1554:gastritis 1517:dysphagia 1513:Endoscopy 1508:Endoscopy 1494:H. pylori 1459:esophagus 1446:Diagnosis 1436:H. pylori 1432:H. pylori 1427:H. pylori 1413:into the 1358:heartburn 1171:heartburn 1058:pregnancy 1011:heartburn 1007:dysphagia 1003:esophagus 997:in which 882:Criticism 878:Fast food 412:Frequency 376:Treatment 313:pregnancy 287:Long term 249:heartburn 231:Specialty 85:diaphragm 7689:Medicine 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