244:
Hurrians, who renamed it Nuzi. The cache of economic and business documents among which the map was found date to the Old
Akkadian period (ca. 2360–2180 BC). Gasur was a thriving commercial center, and the texts reveal a diverse business community with far-reaching commercial activities. It is possible that Ebla was a trading partner, and that the tablet, rather than a record of land-holdings, might indeed be a road map. The tablet, which is approximately 6 × 6.5 cm., is inscribed only on the obverse. It shows the city of Maskan-dur-ebla in the lower left corner, as well as a canal/river and two mountain ranges.
65:
236:
58:
45:
335:) from the palace. The palace, situated in the center of the mound, had many rooms arranged around a central courtyard. The functions of some of those rooms have been identified: reception areas, apartments, offices, kitchens, stores. The walls were painted, as was seen in fragments unearthed in the ruins of the building.
644:
Richard F. S. Starr, Nuzi: Report on the
Excavation at Yorgan Tepa near Kirkuk, Iraq, Conducted by Harvard University in Conjunction with the American Schools of Oriental Research and the University museum of Philadelphia 1927-1931, Volume 2: Plates and Plans, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
318:
The best-known period in the history of
Yorghan Tepe is by far one of the city of Nuzi in the 15th-14th centuries BC. The tablets of this period indicate that Nuzi was a small provincial town of northern Mesopotamia at this time in an area populated mostly by Assyrians and Hurrians, the latter a
243:
Perhaps the most famous item found is the Nuzi map, the oldest known map discovered. Although the majority of the tablet is preserved, it is unknown exactly what the Nuzi map shows. The Nuzi map is actually one of the so-called Gasur texts, and predates the invasion of the city of Gasur by the
634:
Richard F. S. Starr, Nuzi: report on the excavation at Yorgan Tepa near Kirkuk, Iraq, conducted by
Harvard university in conjunction with the American Schools of Oriental Research and the University museum of Philadelphia, 1927-1931. v. 1: text, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,
301:
Nuzi went into gradual decline. Note that while the
Hurrian period is well known from full excavation of those strata, the earlier history is not as reliable because of less substantive digging. The history of Nuzi is closely interrelated with that of the nearby towns of
338:
Archives that have been exhumed tell us about the royal family, as well as the organization of the internal administration of the palace and its dependencies, and the payments various workers received. Junior officers of the royal administration had such titles as
394:. Excavations continued through 1931 with the site showing 15 occupation levels. The hundreds of tablets and other finds recovered were published in a series of volumes with ongoing publications.
413:. Many are routine legal and business documents with about one quarter concerning the business transactions of a single family. The vast majority of finds come from the
286:
gained control of the town and renamed it Nuzi. The history of the site during the intervening period is unclear, though the presence of a few cuneiform tablets from
232:(c. 2334-2154 BC), the city was known as Gashur/Gasur. It was a provincial seat of a governor known from a clay sealing reading: "Itbe-labba, govern of Gasur".
997:
Studies on the
Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 10 – Nuzi at seventy-five, Bethesda, Md. : CDL Press, 1999, ISBN 9781883053505
948:
Studies on the
Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 6 – Two Hundred Nuzi Texts from the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
874:
Studies on the
Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 1 – In Honor of Ernest R. Lacheman on His Seventy-fifth Birthday, April 29, 1981
632:
1104:
402:
856:
450:
689:
Robert H. Pfeiffer and Ernest R. Lacheman, Excavations at Nuzi: Volume IV Miscellaneous Texts From Nuzi Part I, Harvard
University Press, 1942
1099:
909:
895:
881:
554:
383:
698:
E.R. Lacheman, Excavations at Nuzi V: Miscellaneous Texts from Nuzi, Part 2: The Palace and Temple
Archives, Harvard University Press, 1950
920:
Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 4 – The Eastern Archives of Nuzi and Excavations at Nuzi 9/2
1010:
990:
976:
962:
941:
927:
750:
742:
Joint expedition with the Iraq Museum at Nuzi VIII : the remaining major texts in the Oriental Institute of the U. of Chicago
370:
While tablets from Yorghan Tepe began appearing back as far as 1896, the first serious archaeological efforts began in 1925 after
474:
Lewy, Julius, "Notes on Pre-Ḫurrian Texts from Nuzi", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 450–61, 1938
667:
Robert H. Pfeiffer, Excavations at Nuzi: Volume II, The Archives of Shilwateshub Son of the King, Harvard University Press, 1932
902:
Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 3 – Joint Expedition with the Iraq Museum at Nuzi VII
110:
678:
T.J. Meek, Excavations at Nuzi III: Old Akkadian, Sumerian, and Cappadocian Texts from Nuzi, Harvard University Press, 1935
319:
people well known though poorly documented, and that would be even less if not for the information uncovered at this site.
362:, which consisted of a requirement to perform various types of military and civilian services, such as working the land.
1084:
934:
Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 5 – General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 9/3
888:
Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 2 – General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 9/1
745:. David I. Owen, Gernot Wilhelm, Matḥaf al-ʻIrāqī., University of Chicago. Oriental Institute. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press.
656:
Edward Chiera. Excavations at Nuzi: Vol. I. Texts of varied content, selected and copied, Harvard University Press, 1929
654:
437:
called attention to the unusual pottery he found at Nuzi, associated with the Mitanni period. This became known as the
1109:
1048:
421:. An archive contemporary with the Hurrian archive at Nuzi has been excavated from the "Green Palace" at the site of
1032:
983:
Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 9 – General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi
57:
1089:
969:
Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 8 – Richard F.S. Starr Memorial Volume
1094:
1003:
Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 11 – The Pula-Hali Family Archives
729:
Ernest R. Lacheman, Excavations at Nuzi Volume VIII: Family Law Documents, Harvard University Press, 1962
406:
955:
Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians: Volume 7 – Edith Porada Memorial Volume
417:
period during the second millennium BC with the remainder dating back to the town's founding during the
718:
E.R. Lacheman, Excavations at Nuzi VII: Economic and Social Documents, Harvard University Press, 1958
707:
E.R. Lacheman, Excavations at Nuzi VI: The Administrative Archives, Harvard University Press, 1955
811:
803:
615:
607:
526:
518:
387:
252:
In the Ur III Period, the region came under the control of Ur III. Shulgi and Amar-Sin destroyed
192:
145:
84:
441:. Subsequently, this highly artistic pottery was identified all over in the Upper Mesopotamia.
1006:
986:
972:
958:
937:
923:
905:
891:
877:
838:
795:
756:
746:
599:
580:"The Joint Expedition of Harvard University and the Baghdad School at Yargon Tepa near Kirkuk"
560:
550:
510:
161:
1059:
787:
727:
716:
687:
676:
665:
591:
502:
235:
418:
391:
229:
579:
422:
1078:
829:
al-Khalesi, Y.M. (1970). "Tell al-Fakhar. Report on the First Season's Excavations".
815:
619:
530:
375:
371:
1053:
1015:
434:
374:
noticed tablets appearing in the markets of Baghdad. The dig was mainly worked by
379:
212:
176:
98:
1063:
455:
398:
842:
799:
603:
564:
514:
125:
112:
760:
438:
544:
740:
343:(often translated as "vizier", the second governor), "district manager" (
307:
303:
283:
807:
775:
611:
522:
490:
414:
410:
328:
298:
287:
269:
Nuzi would have been under the rule of Shamshi-Adad (r. 1808-1776 BC).
180:
188:
184:
17:
791:
595:
506:
44:
546:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie 9. 9
291:
253:
234:
172:
88:
776:"The Teḫip-tilla Family of Nuzi: A Genealogical Reconstruction"
378:, Robert Pfeiffer, and Richard Starr under the auspices of the
351:). Justice was rendered by these officers, but also by judges (
358:
Free subjects of the state were liable to a conscription, the
1069:
1025:
J. Paradise, "A Daughter and Her Father's Property at Nuzi",
857:
The Distribution of the Nuzi ware in Northern Iraq and Syria.
191:
river. The site consists of one medium-sized multiperiod
859:
Polytechnic Journal: Vol.8 No. 2 (May 2018): Pp: 347-371
1064:
Hatti, Association des amis de la civilisation hittite
584:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
211:
The earliest occupation date as far back as the late
141:
104:
94:
80:
1038:57, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1943
1070:Transcription et traduction de tablettes de Nuzi
425:, 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Nuzi.
1060:« Nuzi, une ville du monde hourrite »
1054:History of the Baghdad School of ASOR 1923–1969
1034:Ignace J. Gelb et al., "Nuzi Personal Names",
314:Nuzi, a provincial town in the 14th century BC
8:
30:
900:Ernest R. Lacheman and Maynard P. Maidman,
282:In the middle of the second millennium the
239:Sketch of the Nuzi map with French legends.
203:The site has about 15 occupational layers.
484:
482:
480:
43:
29:
950:, CDL Press, 1994, ISBN 978-1-883053-05-5
297:After the fall of the Hurrian kingdom of
549:(in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. 2001.
467:
451:List of cities of the ancient Near East
932:David I. Owen and Ernest R. Lacheman,
886:David I. Owen and Martha A. Morrison,
872:Martha A. Morrison and David I. Owen,
384:American Schools of Oriental Research
331:. It was administered by a governor (
7:
195:and two small single period mounds.
1001:Brigitte Lion and Diana L. Stein,
995:David I. Owen and Gernot Wilhelm,
981:David I. Owen and Gernot Wilhelm,
967:David I. Owen and Gernot Wilhelm,
953:David I. Owen and Gernot Wilhelm,
25:
1029:, vol. 32, pp. 189–207, 1980
290:indicates that trade with nearby
63:
56:
1105:Former populated places in Iraq
1036:Oriental Institute Publications
774:Maidman, Maynard Paul (1976).
401:are known, mostly held at the
382:and the Baghdad School of the
355:) installed in the districts.
327:Nuzi was a provincial town of
179:city southwest of the city of
1:
1049:The Semitic Museum at Harvard
904:– Miscellaneous Texts, 1989,
855:Abdullah Bakr Othman (2018),
578:Lyon, David G. (1928-04-01).
1100:Archaeological sites in Iraq
1027:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
1022:, vol. 7, pp. 132, 1940
1020:Ordeal by Oath at Nuzi, Iraq
780:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
64:
489:Freedman, Nadezhda (1977).
27:Ancient city in Mesopotamia
1126:
495:The Biblical Archaeologist
51:
42:
35:
739:Maidman, M. P. (2003).
433:In 1948, archaeologist
409:and the Iraq Museum in
126:35.369972°N 44.254917°E
407:Harvard Semitic Museum
240:
936:, Eisenbrauns, 1995,
922:, Eisenbrauns, 1993,
238:
946:Maynard P. Maidman,
399:around 5,000 tablets
187:), located near the
131:35.369972; 44.254917
1085:Tells (archaeology)
1005:, CDL Press, 2001,
985:, CDL Press, 1998,
971:, CDL Press, 1997,
957:, CDL Press, 1995,
914:Ernest R. Lacheman
294:was taking place.
265:Shamshi-Adad Period
122: /
32:
1110:Kirkuk Governorate
403:Oriental Institute
388:Harvard University
241:
85:Kirkuk Governorate
910:978-0-931464-45-4
896:978-0-931464-37-9
882:978-0-931464-08-9
556:978-3-11-017296-6
207:Late Chalcolithic
175:) was an ancient
151:
150:
72:Shown within Iraq
16:(Redirected from
1117:
860:
853:
847:
846:
826:
820:
819:
771:
765:
764:
736:
730:
725:
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630:
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486:
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347:), and "mayor" (
137:
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127:
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67:
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60:
47:
33:
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1090:Akkadian cities
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869:
867:Further reading
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792:10.2307/1359758
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507:10.2307/3209575
491:"The Nuzi Ebla"
488:
487:
478:
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469:
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447:
431:
419:Akkadian Empire
392:Fogg Art Museum
368:
325:
316:
280:
275:
267:
262:
256:further north.
254:Urbilum (Erbil)
250:
230:Akkadian Empire
226:
224:Akkadian Period
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1095:Hurrian cities
1092:
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1077:
1076:
1073:
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1062:, on the site
1056:
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1044:
1043:External links
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1039:
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1018:and J. Miles,
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786:(3): 127–155.
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423:Tell al-Fakhar
386:and later the
367:
364:
324:
323:Administration
321:
315:
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279:
278:Mitanni Period
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963:1-883053-07-2
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381:
377:
376:Edward Chiera
373:
372:Gertrude Bell
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260:Middle Bronze
259:
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248:Ur III Period
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1016:G. R. Driver
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683:
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661:
650:
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628:
587:
583:
573:
545:
539:
501:(1): 32–33.
498:
494:
470:
435:Max Mallowan
432:
396:
369:
359:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:
332:
326:
317:
296:
281:
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227:
219:Early Bronze
210:
202:
177:Mesopotamian
169:Yorghan Tepe
168:
164:
157:
153:
152:
117:44°15′17.7″E
114:35°22′11.9″N
37:Yorghan Tepe
837:: 109–126.
645:Press, 1937
590:(30): 1–6.
380:Iraq Museum
366:Archaeology
273:Late Bronze
228:During the
213:Uruk period
129: /
105:Coordinates
99:Mesopotamia
1079:Categories
456:Nuzi texts
1058:B. Lion,
843:0081-9271
816:163837436
800:0022-0256
620:163178475
604:0003-097X
565:614578502
531:186746259
515:0006-0895
439:Nuzi ware
429:Nuzi ware
397:To date,
167:; modern
158:Nuzi/Nuzu
156:(Hurrian
890:, 1987,
876:, 1981,
761:51898595
445:See also
345:halṣuhlu
341:sukkallu
308:Khafajah
304:Eshnunna
284:Hurrians
183:(modern
162:Akkadian
81:Location
808:1359758
612:1354846
523:3209575
415:Hurrian
411:Baghdad
349:hazannu
329:Arrapha
299:Mitanni
288:Assyria
199:History
181:Arrapha
1066:, 1998
1009:
989:
975:
961:
940:
926:
916:et al.
908:
894:
880:
841:
814:
806:
798:
759:
749:
618:
610:
602:
563:
553:
529:
521:
513:
405:, the
353:dayānu
189:Tigris
185:Kirkuk
95:Region
831:Sumer
812:S2CID
804:JSTOR
616:S2CID
608:JSTOR
527:S2CID
519:JSTOR
462:Notes
333:šaknu
292:Assur
165:Gasur
18:Gasur
1007:ISBN
987:ISBN
973:ISBN
959:ISBN
938:ISBN
924:ISBN
906:ISBN
892:ISBN
878:ISBN
839:ISSN
796:ISSN
757:OCLC
747:ISBN
635:1939
600:ISSN
561:OCLC
551:ISBN
511:ISSN
390:and
360:Ilku
306:and
193:tell
173:Iraq
154:Nuzi
146:tell
142:Type
89:Iraq
31:Nuzi
788:doi
592:doi
503:doi
1081::
918:,
835:26
833:.
810:.
802:.
794:.
784:28
782:.
778:.
755:.
614:.
606:.
598:.
588:30
586:.
582:.
559:.
525:.
517:.
509:.
499:40
497:.
493:.
479:^
310:.
215:.
171:,
160:;
87:,
845:.
818:.
790::
763:.
622:.
594::
567:.
533:.
505::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
