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United States to once again honor its great historic valuesâabove all equality, liberty, and meaningful democracyâis to build forward to achieve what amounts to systemic change...fundamental changeâindeed, radical systemic change...If equality, liberty, and meaningful democracy can truly no longer be sustained by the political and economic arrangements of the current system, this defines the beginning phases of what can only be called a systemic crisisâan era of history in which the political-economic system must slowly lose legitimacy because the realities it produces contradict the values it proclaims. Moreover, if the system itself is at fault, then self-evidentlyâindeed, by definitionâa solution would ultimately require the development of a new system." Alperovitz offers a remedy in the form of grassroots experiments currently underway in thousands of U.S. communities, which he sees as precedents that popular movements can use to plant the seeds of the next, more democratic economy. He points to worker cooperatives, municipal ownership of utilities, community land trusts, and larger institutions such as public banks and public transportation, as a roadmap for "laying foundations to change a faltering system that increasingly fails to support the great
American values of equality, liberty, and meaningful democracy."
619:: "... our main focus is on the broader problem of inequality, not on undeserved fortunes per se. The problem we see is a society whose wealth is commonly created, by and large, but very unequally distributed and enjoyed. The largely collective way we produce our wealth is morally out of sync with the individualistic way we distribute the wealth and also justify the resulting vast inequalities. So we're not saying to the Bill Gateses of the world: you don't deserve anything and we're going to tax it all away. What we're saying is that our society should be more equal than it is if we truly believe, first, that people should be rewarded according to what they contribute, and second, that society should be repaid for the large contributions it makes, which enable everything else. These are common beliefs or, at least, reasonable ideas, so that is not the problem. The problem is a mistaken view of wealth-creation, which distorts how these common ideas are applied."
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military necessity but rather the U.S.'s geostrategic motives vis-Ă -vis the Soviet Union that most influenced Truman's decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan. Although
Alperovitz acknowledges that "a full and unqualified answer as to why the atomic bomb was used is neither essential nor possible", he says that "what is important is whether, when the bomb was used, the president and his top advisers understood that it was not required to avoid a long and costly invasion, as they later claimed and as most Americans still believe."
402:. This model attempts to expand the limits of political economic possibilities beyond the polarity between state ownership and capitalism. The model also proposes a reduction in the workweek, providing workers more free time and allowing for more liberty and democratic participation. It proposes that as population continues to grow, a long-term devolution of the national state in the direction of regional structures can allow for democratic participation and democratic management of ecological issues.
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Carter administration's
Department of Housing and Urban Development for a sophisticated plan along with a pledge to provide loan guarantees. A comprehensive study by a leading steel industry expert demonstrated that the community could feasibly reopen the mill under a worker-community ownership program after updating it with modern technology. The Carter administration later withdrew its loan pledges after the midterm elections of 1978.
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from
Washington. Rather, he foresees thousands of local planning boards acting as conduits for citizen participation. Decisions would trickle up from below, forming a barrier against the sort of bureaucratic monolith that most people equate with planning," as well as with corporate capitalism. Alperovitz has said his work is influenced by his studies at the University of Wisconsin with historian
523:. These documents, which later became known as the Pentagon Papers, revealed that the US government had known from an early point in the conflict that it could not win the Vietnam War, and further showed that each administration since Eisenhower, and especially the Johnson administration, had "systematically lied, not only to the public but also to Congress" about the conduct of the war.
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plant in
Youngstown, Ohio, and laid off more than 4,000 workers in a single dayâstill known in the community as Black Monday. In response, these steelworkers and a broad-based community coalition decided to attempt to reopen the mill under Alperovitz's comprehensive plan for worker-community ownership. Advocates of the plan argued that the plant became unprofitable only because
534:âwhich helped to create an ongoing media spectacle and to keep public interest in the contents of the papers alive for several weeks. With Ellsberg in hiding, Alperovitz handled the logistics of handing off the papers to the press, adopting the moniker "Mr. Boston" when speaking to journalists and exercising great caution in planning elaborate handoffs. In an interview with
31:
233:. In 1965 he accepted a post as a special assistant (policy planning, United Nations) to the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organizations. In 1966 Alperovitz joined the Brookings Institution as a non-resident guest scholar. He was elected as a founding fellow of the Institute of Politics at Harvard University's Kennedy School that year.
562:, the U.S policy towards the Soviet Union under the Truman Administration shifted from "conciliatory" to "tough" and he argues that Truman used the U.S possession of the atomic bomb as a diplomatic tool to force "Soviet acquiescence to American plans" for postwar Europe as the two powers negotiated at the
325:, went public after the war with statements suggesting that the use of the atomic bomb was unnecessary. A major part of the work documented the sophisticated public relations effort the Truman administration mounted to sustain public belief that using the bomb was necessary and, as Beschloss observed in a
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and other experimental enterprises can flourish in strong, stable communitiesâŠWhen
Alperovitz talks about socialism (and he usually avoids the term, as much for its imprecision as its emotional charge), he doesn't mean a group of Soviet-style commissars and technocrats handing down production quotas
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Marilyn, Young (December 1995). "Gar
Alperovitz. <italic>The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth</italic>. Assisted by Sanho Tree, Edward Rouse Winstead, Kathryn C. Morris, David J. Williams, Leo C. Maley III, Thad Williamson, and Miranda Grieder. (A
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Alperovitz was involved in efforts to stop the escalating
Vietnam War for several years, both as a political actor and later as an activist. While still Legislative Director to Senator Gaylord Nelson, Alperovitz authored an amendment to the famed Gulf of Tonkin Resolution that would have pre-empted
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This coalition asked
Alperovitz and the National Center for Economic Alternatives to develop a comprehensive feasibility study and effort. A nationwide campaign led by national religious leaders put the Youngstown effort on the map, and with Alperovitz's help, the coalition secured support from the
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Alperovitz's interest in developing alternative economic models based on community wealth building began while he was in the federal government. Over 40 years, he has worked to create several institutions to develop an expansive theory and to implement principles on the ground. In addition to those
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published by Knopf in 1995 on the 50th anniversary of the decision. The work added further research demonstrating that top
American and British World War II military leaders believed the war would end in the Pacific Theater long before an invasion of Japan could begin in November, and that they had
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Alperovitz is recognized as the leading architect of the first modern steel industry attempt at worker ownership. In 1977, after failing to invest in the modernization of its production machinery, the holding company that owned the large steel manufacturer Youngstown Sheet & Tube shut down its
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noted at the outset, he co-founded The Cambridge Institute and The National Center for Economic and Security Alternatives. In 1964, while working in the Senate, he was the principal architect of legislation to create several regional planning commissions that might lead to efforts similar to the
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With his co-author Lew Daly, Alperovitz explores the connection between the economic impact of socially-created knowledge and rising economic inequality to argue that "a new aristocracy is reaping huge unearned gains from our collective intellectual wealth." Alperovitz summarizes the work in an
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In this work Alperovitz chronicles growing discontent with the current political economy status quo, and diagnoses the long-term structural ills of the American political and economic system as inherent to capitalism's systemic architecture. He writes, "The book argues that the only way for the
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called "the most definitive account we are likely to see of why Hiroshima was destroyed, and how an official history justifying that decision was subsequently crafted and promulgated by the national security establishment." He argues that the preponderance of evidence suggests that it was not
333:
observed in a featured review of the book in the American Historical Review that "few historians I know have taken up the central ethical and historical issues surrounding the first, and thus far only, use of nuclear bombs as seriously as Alperovitz." A full-length ABC documentary anchored by
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From 1966 to 1968, while a Fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics, Alperovitz played a role in the burgeoning antiwar movements coalescing in Cambridge at the time, developing the "Vietnam Summer" activism campaign centered on canvassing and teaching. The New Yorker at the time credited
214:, who served as his doctoral thesis adviser. Alperovitz wrote his dissertation on the role of the atomic bomb in the creation of the postwar economic order. While completing his doctoral studies, he worked for two years in the US House of Representatives as a legislative assistant to
566:." In this work, Alperovitz also presents substantive, although not definitive, evidence suggesting that top-level American civilian and military leaders knew the atomic bomb was not necessary to end World War II, but still used it to demonstrate strength vis-ĂĄ-vis the Soviet Union.
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had immense "shock value" during a time when the public was less skeptical "about the motives of our leaders and the origins of the cold war" and that Alperovitz's argument "pushed other scholars to re-examine their assumptions about Hiroshima and Nagaski." Yale historian
261:
and Nagasaki. The book, published as the Vietnam War generated increasing public concern, became a focal point in the debate over the direction of American foreign policy in the mid- and late 1960s. Although critically reviewed at the time by many, such as former
557:
In this work, Alperovitz investigates the role of the atomic bomb in shaping the formation of the U.S relationship with the Soviet Union and the makeup of the postwar international political order. Alperovitz provides evidence that once the atomic bomb had
181:
Department of Government and Politics from 1999 to 2015. He also served as a legislative director in the US House of Representatives and the US Senate and as a special assistant in the US Department of State. Alperovitz is a distinguished lecturer with the
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the massive escalation of the war that ensued after the Resolution passed. After being appointed and serving for a year as Special Assistant to the U.S State Department, Alperovitz resigned his post discouraged by insider attempts to alter US war policy.
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and other books and essays, Alperovitz offers an integrated systemic model for a pluralist commonwealth based on democratizing ownership of economic institutions at all levels, a regional decentralization of economic and political power, and the
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542:, an approach that later proved to be crucial from both a legal and a public-relations standpoint. And it was Alperovitz who came up with the elaborate techniques for slipping the documents to reporters while evading the authorities."
253:, once demonstrated, would provide leverage in negotiating the postwar world order. Alperovitz also reported that, at the time, there was substantial but not definitive evidence suggesting that gaining diplomatic leverage against the
495:
Alperovitz with devising the campaign's strategy, which sought to educate and agitate "undecideds and unaffiliated doves" into taking action against the war. Alperovitz arranged for Martin Luther King Jr. and writer and physician
443:. Along with John McClaughry, he co-authored the Community Self-Determination Act of 1968, sponsored by a bipartisan coalition of 26 senators, which introduced an expansive ownership-oriented conception of already established
538:, Ellsberg said that "Alperovitz, in particular, was critical to the way this thing worked out ⊠it was Alperovitz who devised the strategy of distributing the papers to as many news organizations as possible, including
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attempted to convince top civilian leaders, including the president, that this was likely. The book demonstrated that virtually every top World War II U.S. military leader, including President (previously General)
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corporate owners shifted investments to other locations and industries instead of investing in modernizing the plant, whereas community ownership could foster efficient production and long-term investment.
362:, and community. Challenging both theories of reform and of revolution, he emphasizes a model based on the evolutionary reconstruction of economic institutions, communities, and the nation as a whole. In
206:. He graduated from the University of Madison-Wisconsin with a degree in American history in 1959 and from the University of California, Berkeley with an M.A. in economics in 1960. He was awarded a
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brought the argument to a broader audience. Other documentaries including one by the BBC and a dramatization by a German television network helped increase international interest.
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The pluralist commonwealth model includes diverse forms of democratized ownership, from worker-community cooperatively owned production firms to municipally owned institutions,
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to explore a possible community-building economic strategy that might also build political power. This work was cut short by King's assassination in 1968.
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to pursue a Ph.D. in political economy at the London School of Economics, later transferring to Cambridge University to study under theoretical economist
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theoretical economist Joan Robinson, and by his work with Senator Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin, an early environmentalist and the founder of
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699:(Washington, D.C.: The Aspen Institute, April 2005) (Democracy Collaborative Report, under the direction of Gar Alperovitz)
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going, Alperovitz developed a strategy to hand off portions of the report to one news publication at a time beginning with
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in 1985 that "the preponderance of new evidence that has appeared since 1965 tends to sustain the original argument."
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review, "why the public clings so tenaciously to the original explanation of why Truman gave the order." Historian
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Building experimental economic centers and developing community, regional, and related system altering legislation
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in 1964 and 1965, where he played a role in efforts to limit the scope of powers given to the President in the
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corporate capitalism. Alperovitz also acknowledges the utility of certain forms of private enterprises and
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report on the history of the Vietnam War, giving a portion of one set to New York Times journalist
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Alperovitz has written extensively on the decision to use the atomic bomb in such publications as
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Unjust Deserts: How the Rich Are Taking Our Common Inheritance and Why We Should Take It Back
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Drawing upon a host of new evidence that had been declassified since the publication of
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at a Cambridge dinner party. Alperovitz was unaware that months earlier, while still a
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America beyond capitalism : reclaiming our wealth, our liberty, and our democracy
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Building Wealth: The New Asset-Based Approach to Solving Social and Economic Problems
667:(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995). Other editions: German, Japanese, Korean, British
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The decision to use the atomic bomb : and the architecture of an American myth
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1333:"Unjust Deserts: An Interview with Gar Alperovitz and Lew Daly | Dissent Magazine"
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America Beyond Capitalism: Reclaiming our Wealth, Our Liberty, and Our Democracy
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employee, Ellsberg had secretly made several sets of photocopies of a classified
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On leave from courses, Alperovitz served as the legislative director for Senator
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The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth
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The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb and the Architecture of an American Myth
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ATOMIC DIPLOMACY: HIROSHIMA AND POTSDAM by Gar Alperovitz | Kirkus Reviews
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218:. He was named a fellow of King's College, Cambridge University in 1964.
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University of Maryland College of Behavioral and Social Sciences people
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1050:"The day that destroyed the working class and sowed the seeds of Trump"
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Borzoi Book.) New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1995. Pp. xiv, 847. $ 32.50".
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What Then Must We Do?: Straight Talk about the Next American Revolution
639:, with an Introduction by Christopher Lasch (New York: Doubleday, 1970)
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University of WisconsinâMadison College of Letters and Science alumni
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673:(New York: Vintage Books, 1996). British edition (Harper Collins).
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Gar Alperovitz and David Harvey on "Cooperation and Capitalism"
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has centered on theoretical and practical alternatives to both
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Community wealth-building and the pluralist commonwealth model
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American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
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792:"Gar Alperovitz | Global Maryland, University of Maryland"
1139:"The Untold Story of the Pentagon Papers Co-Conspirators"
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and in 1967 he began work with King and high-level aides
1240:. Speth, James Gustave. (Second ed.). Boston, MA.
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Born in Racine, Wisconsin in 1936, Alperovitz attended
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to join the effort and formally kick off the project.
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Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon papers
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1932:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
1309:"Unjust Deserts - Center for American Progress"
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1715:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
3025:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
705:, with Lew Daly (New York: New Press, 2008)
190:and co-chairs its Next System Project with
95:Co-Chair of the Next System Project at the
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1268:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
371:and a culture of participatory democracy.
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852:
850:
848:
838:Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam
727:
630:Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam
552:Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam
243:Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam
4098:Russian espionage in the United States
2370:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1261:
857:Beschloss, Michael R. (30 July 1995).
733:
731:
715:Principles of a Pluralist Commonwealth
584:, in this work Alperovitz offers what
4093:Soviet espionage in the United States
2249:Indonesian mass killings of 1965â1966
2028:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
1693:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
7:
4169:Soviet UnionâUnited States relations
2520:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
739:"GAR ALPEROVITZ - CAPITAL INSTITUTE"
4133:Soviet involvement in regime change
1184:The Stream - Harper's Magazine Blog
717:(The Democracy Collaborative, 2017)
671:The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb
571:The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb
517:United States Department of Defense
157:. Alperovitz served as a fellow of
112:The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb
4308:21st-century American male writers
4174:Soviet UnionâUnited States summits
1648:1947 Polish parliamentary election
1533:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
447:(CDC) as a new institutional form.
445:Community Development Corporations
149:(born May 5, 1936) is an American
77:University of California, Berkeley
14:
4268:Jewish American social scientists
4263:American male non-fiction writers
2935:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
2870:United States invasion of Grenada
2140:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
2081:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
409:wrote: "Alperovitz believes that
4303:21st-century American historians
3010:United States invasion of Panama
2860:1982 EthiopianâSomali Border War
2500:1971 Turkish military memorandum
2463:Communist insurgency in Thailand
2433:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
2365:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
2192:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
2120:IndonesiaâMalaysia confrontation
1638:Restatement of Policy on Germany
1207:. Tree, Sanho. London: Fontana.
882:Smith, Gaddis (18 August 1985).
824:. New York: Viking. p. 358.
768:"Monthly Review | April 1, 2013"
274:, others welcomed it. Historian
16:American historian and economist
4323:American expatriates in England
4248:Historians of the United States
3730:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3111:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
3040:Fall of the inner German border
2940:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
2590:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
2580:Spanish transition to democracy
2540:1972â1975 Bangladesh insurgency
2167:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
1673:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947â1948
1554:Occupation of the Baltic states
1178:Cockburn, Andrew (2016-05-25).
526:To keep the publication of the
437:Appalachian Regional Commission
418:, at Cambridge University with
4333:Writers from Racine, Wisconsin
2510:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
2145:Mozambican War of Independence
1584:Indonesian National Revolution
1396:University of Maryland Archive
1360:www.democracycollaborative.org
910:The American Historical Review
405:In a 1978 profile, biographer
316:. He revisited the subject in
1:
4108:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
3123:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
3076:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
2798:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
2763:Seven Days to the River Rhine
2495:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
1782:March 1949 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1710:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'Ă©tat
1370:www.pluralistcommonwealth.org
1075:"Remember the Gulf of Tonkin"
884:"WAS MOSCOW OUR REAL TARGET?"
264:Truman Administration Cabinet
167:Harvard Institute of Politics
3101:Fall of communism in Albania
3071:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
3020:Polish Round Table Agreement
2360:1968 Polish political crisis
2177:Eritrean War of Independence
1943:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
1838:East German uprising of 1953
1770:Chinese Communist Revolution
1313:Center for American Progress
1032:Jones, Mother (April 1978).
976:"The Pluralist Commonwealth"
677:Making a Place for Community
649:(Boston: Beacon Press, 1973)
301:The New York Review of Books
171:Institute for Policy Studies
2975:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
2703:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
2448:Corrective Movement (Syria)
2412:New People's Army rebellion
2407:Sino-Soviet border conflict
2135:Angolan War of Independence
1998:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
1878:1954 Guatemalan coup d'Ă©tat
1523:Jamaican political conflict
503:Role in the Pentagon Papers
454:Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
204:William Horlick High School
184:American Historical Society
169:; a founding Fellow at the
165:; a founding fellow of the
4354:
4258:Jewish American historians
3171:Sino-Indian border dispute
3000:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
2930:1987â1989 JVP insurrection
2688:1976 Argentine coup d'Ă©tat
2600:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
2550:1973 Uruguayan coup d'Ă©tat
2234:1964 Brazilian coup d'Ă©tat
2202:Cyprus crisis of 1963â1964
1891:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
1658:Asian Relations Conference
980:The Pluralist Commonwealth
953:The Pluralist Commonwealth
364:American Beyond Capitalism
198:Education and early career
4338:Historians from Wisconsin
4207:
4055:William Appleman Williams
4000:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
2515:Bangladesh Liberation War
2505:1971 Sudanese coup d'Ă©tat
2392:1969 Sudanese coup d'Ă©tat
2380:1968 Peruvian coup d'Ă©tat
1818:Arab Cold War (1952â1979)
1443:
1236:Gar., Alperovitz (2011).
1203:Gar., Alperovitz (1996).
859:"Did We Need to Drop It?"
820:Ellsberg, Daniel (2002).
596:America Beyond Capitalism
416:William Appleman Williams
398:along with participatory
227:Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
173:; a guest scholar at the
117:America Beyond Capitalism
28:
2830:1980 Turkish coup d'Ă©tat
2665:CambodianâVietnamese War
2635:1978 Somali coup attempt
2595:Second IraqiâKurdish War
2560:1973 Chilean coup d'Ă©tat
2385:Revolutionary Government
2279:South African Border War
2071:1960 Turkish coup d'Ă©tat
1988:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
1843:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
1823:1952 Egyptian revolution
949:"Historical Development"
835:Alperovitz, Gar (1965).
685:(John Wiley & Sons,
659:American Economic Policy
560:successfully been tested
3035:Fall of the Berlin Wall
2980:People Power Revolution
2965:Central American crisis
2905:1986 Black Sea incident
2555:1973 Afghan coup d'Ă©tat
2453:Western Sahara conflict
2264:1966 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
2187:1963 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
2130:Portuguese Colonial War
2093:First IraqiâKurdish War
1858:1954 Syrian coup d'Ă©tat
1735:Annexation of Hyderabad
1678:1947â1949 Palestine war
507:In 1971 Alperovitz met
452:In 1964 Alperovitz met
360:participatory democracy
346:Alperovitz's work as a
188:Democracy Collaborative
97:Democracy Collaborative
83:University of Cambridge
71:University of Wisconsin
3329:Neoclassical economics
2840:Gulf of Sidra incident
2397:1969 Libyan revolution
2088:IraqiâKurdish conflict
1873:1954 Geneva Conference
1633:Turkish straits crisis
1628:Corfu Channel incident
1375:www.garalperovitz.com/
922:10.1086/ahr/100.5.1515
796:globalmaryland.umd.edu
179:University of Maryland
4179:RussiaâNATO relations
4060:Jonathan Reed Winkler
3344:Democratic capitalism
3339:Supply-side economics
3307:American conservatism
3106:Breakup of Yugoslavia
2995:Bougainville conflict
2910:South Yemen civil war
2845:Martial law in Poland
2708:Nicaraguan Revolution
2683:Dirty War (Argentina)
2490:1971 JVP insurrection
2304:Years of Lead (Italy)
2182:North Yemen civil war
2100:Berlin Crisis of 1961
2076:AlbanianâSoviet split
2008:1959 Tibetan uprising
1973:Syrian Crisis of 1957
1828:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
1688:1948 ArabâIsraeli War
1365:www.thenextsystem.org
1288:Illinois Public Media
1035:Mother Jones Magazine
711:(Chelsea Green, 2013)
388:public transportation
175:Brookings Institution
3600:Non-Aligned Movement
3222:Peaceful coexistence
3176:North Borneo dispute
3091:German reunification
3086:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
2784:Salvadoran Civil War
2733:Grand Mosque seizure
2728:Yemenite War of 1979
2620:Mozambican Civil War
2575:Carnation Revolution
2530:Yemenite War of 1972
2468:1970 Polish protests
2299:1967 Hong Kong riots
2274:Argentine Revolution
2224:Guatemalan Civil War
2152:Cuban Missile Crisis
2066:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1938:1956 PoznaĆ protests
1916:Geneva Summit (1955)
1518:Hukbalahap Rebellion
1497:Non-Aligned Movement
643:Strategy and Program
486:Vietnam War activism
352:corporate capitalism
280: New York Times
208:Marshall scholarship
4313:Worker cooperatives
4253:Cold War historians
4243:American economists
4045:Alex von Tunzelmann
4035:Vladimir TismÄneanu
3960:Thomas J. McCormick
3955:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
3855:Robert Hugh Ferrell
3718:Crusade for Freedom
3515:Illiberal democracy
3399:Ho Chi Minh Thought
3202:Eisenhower Doctrine
3055:Peaceful Revolution
3050:Romanian Revolution
3030:Revolutions of 1989
3015:1988 Polish strikes
2925:Operation INFEKTION
2920:1987 Lieyu massacre
2825:Eritrean Civil Wars
2808:Peruvian Revolution
2758:1979 Herat uprising
2748:Sino-Vietnamese War
2713:UgandaâTanzania War
2693:EgyptianâLibyan War
2660:Third Indochina War
2655:Sino-Albanian split
2645:Ethiopian Civil War
2545:Eritrean Civil Wars
2485:Ping-pong diplomacy
2458:Cambodian Civil War
2284:Korean DMZ Conflict
2269:Cultural Revolution
2239:Dominican Civil War
2217:Tlatelolco massacre
2003:1959 Mosul uprising
1993:1958 Lebanon crisis
1720:Al-Wathbah uprising
1643:First Indochina War
1613:Iran crisis of 1946
540:The Washington Post
532:The Washington Post
468:Youngstown activism
348:political economist
307:The Washington Post
282:retrospective that
155:political economist
4199:Russian Revolution
3995:Mary Elise Sarotte
3980:William B. Pickett
3905:Patrick J. Hearden
3885:Gabriel Gorodetsky
3880:Timothy Garton Ash
3865:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
3460:Ethnic nationalism
3212:Hallstein Doctrine
3096:Yemeni unification
2885:1985 Geneva Summit
2850:Casamance conflict
2753:New Jewel Movement
2738:Iranian Revolution
2723:ChadianâLibyan War
2670:Cambodian conflict
2650:Lebanese Civil War
2640:Western Sahara War
2615:June 1976 protests
2610:Cambodian genocide
2375:17 July Revolution
2329:Nigerian Civil War
2244:Rhodesian Bush War
2229:Colombian conflict
2172:Ramadan Revolution
1911:Bandung Conference
1787:Operation Valuable
1668:Partition of India
1380:2020-03-23 at the
888:The New York Times
863:The New York Times
653:Rebuilding America
564:Potsdam Conference
313:The New York Times
293:The New York Times
278:observed in a 1985
272:The New York Times
237:Cold War historian
216:Robert Kastenmeier
192:James Gustav Speth
35:Alperovitz in 2012
4230:
4229:
4217:List of conflicts
4065:Rudolph Winnacker
4010:Giles Scott-Smith
3985:Ronald E. Powaski
3940:Melvyn P. Leffler
3870:John Lewis Gaddis
3845:Robert D. English
3810:Warren H. Carroll
3800:Michael Beschloss
3769:Nuclear arms race
3750:
3749:
3656:Neues Deutschland
3558:
3557:
3540:White nationalism
3510:Liberal democracy
3247:Ulbricht Doctrine
3237:Brezhnev Doctrine
3045:Velvet Revolution
2789:SovietâAfghan War
2605:Angolan Civil War
2402:Goulash Communism
2259:ASEAN Declaration
2212:Mexican Dirty War
2110:Annexation of Goa
2061:1960 U-2 incident
2035:Sino-Soviet split
2013:Laotian Civil War
1853:Bricker Amendment
1833:Mau Mau rebellion
1777:Malayan Emergency
1765:Chinese Civil War
1725:TitoâStalin split
1579:Division of Korea
1007:TheNextSystem.org
743:CAPITAL INSTITUTE
400:economic planning
276:Michael Beschloss
186:, co-founded the
144:
143:
57:Racine, Wisconsin
4345:
3975:David S. Painter
3900:John Earl Haynes
3830:Nicholas J. Cull
3815:Adrian Cioroianu
3795:Thomas A. Bailey
3742:Voice of America
3633:
3545:White separatism
3525:Social democracy
3520:Guided democracy
3500:Authoritarianism
3450:Ultranationalism
3440:Anti-imperialism
3367:MarxismâLeninism
3280:
3267:Kinmen Agreement
3232:Johnson Doctrine
3217:Kennedy Doctrine
3133:Frozen conflicts
3116:1991 August Coup
3005:Afghan Civil War
2900:ReykjavĂk Summit
2895:Somali Rebellion
2835:Ugandan Bush War
2813:GdaĆsk Agreement
2334:Protests of 1968
2314:War of Attrition
2023:Cuban Revolution
1959:We will bury you
1926:Cyprus Emergency
1906:Kashmir Princess
1896:Jebel Akhdar War
1745:Western betrayal
1430:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1337:Dissent Magazine
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1259:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1108:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
999:
990:
989:
987:
986:
972:
963:
962:
960:
959:
945:
934:
933:
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
879:
873:
872:
870:
869:
854:
843:
842:
832:
826:
825:
817:
811:
810:
808:
807:
798:. Archived from
788:
782:
781:
779:
778:
764:
758:
757:
755:
754:
745:. Archived from
735:
582:Henry L. Stimson
578:Atomic Diplomacy
354:and traditional
284:Atomic Diplomacy
268:Clinton Anderson
247:Henry L. Stimson
140:
137:
105:
54:
50:
48:
33:
19:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4203:
4194:Second Cold War
4152:
4080:
4074:
4050:Odd Arne Westad
4040:Patrick Vaughan
4025:Athan Theoharis
4005:Ellen Schrecker
3990:Yakov M. Rabkin
3965:Timothy Naftali
3910:Tvrtko Jakovina
3895:Jussi HanhimÀki
3778:
3756:
3746:
3724:Paix et Liberté
3699:
3643:Active measures
3624:
3554:
3535:White supremacy
3495:Totalitarianism
3423:
3348:
3271:
3257:Reagan Doctrine
3252:Carter Doctrine
3192:Truman Doctrine
3180:
3127:
3059:
2954:Soviet reaction
2865:Ndogboyosoi War
2772:
2743:Saur Revolution
2570:1973 oil crisis
2535:Munich massacre
2443:Alcora Exercise
2438:Black September
2416:
2162:Sino-Indian War
2056:Simba rebellion
2039:
1883:Capture of the
1791:
1730:Berlin Blockade
1663:May 1947 crises
1653:Truman Doctrine
1618:Greek Civil War
1607:Blacklist Forty
1574:Gouzenko Affair
1561:Cursed soldiers
1513:Morgenthau Plan
1501:
1439:
1434:
1382:Wayback Machine
1356:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1260:
1248:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1215:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1089:
1079:Washington Post
1073:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1038:. Mother Jones.
1031:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1010:
1001:
1000:
993:
984:
982:
974:
973:
966:
957:
955:
947:
946:
937:
906:
905:
901:
892:
890:
881:
880:
876:
867:
865:
856:
855:
846:
834:
833:
829:
819:
818:
814:
805:
803:
790:
789:
785:
776:
774:
766:
765:
761:
752:
750:
737:
736:
729:
724:
693:, October 2004)
637:Cold War Essays
625:
613:interview with
610:
599:
574:
555:
548:
528:Pentagon Papers
509:Daniel Ellsberg
505:
488:
470:
432:
356:state socialism
344:
266:member Senator
239:
200:
134:
126:
103:
87:
63:Alma mater
58:
55:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4351:
4349:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4235:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4020:Timothy Snyder
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3950:Vojtech Mastny
3947:
3945:Geir Lundestad
3942:
3937:
3935:Walter Laqueur
3932:
3930:Walter LaFeber
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:André Fontaine
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3790:Gar Alperovitz
3786:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3720:
3715:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3690:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Third-Worldism
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3319:Libertarianism
3316:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3299:
3297:Chicago school
3294:
3288:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:Nixon Doctrine
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3185:Foreign policy
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2970:Operation RYAN
2967:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2875:Able Archer 83
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
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1180:"Unjust Cause"
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3302:Conservatism
3166:Transnistria
3146:China-Taiwan
2803:Gera Demands
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2157:El Porteñazo
2051:Congo Crisis
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4283:1936 births
4015:Shen Zhihua
3825:Michael Cox
3757:competition
3704:Pro-Western
3694:Soviet Life
3620:Safari Club
3590:Warsaw Pact
3445:Nationalism
3435:Imperialism
3334:Reaganomics
3197:Containment
2990:Perestroika
2479:Realpolitik
2309:Six-Day War
2294:Greek junta
2105:Berlin Wall
1953:Suez Crisis
1921:Vietnam War
1808:McCarthyism
1623:Baruch Plan
1568:Unthinkable
1528:Dekemvriana
1467:Warsaw Pact
1387:Appearances
462:Bernard Lee
407:Ron Chernow
384:land trusts
251:atomic bomb
51:May 5, 1936
4237:Categories
3783:Historians
3774:Space Race
3675:Rudé pråvo
3629:Propaganda
3485:Neo-Nazism
3455:Chauvinism
3409:Trotskyism
3324:Monetarism
3292:Liberalism
3284:Capitalism
3276:Ideologies
3227:Ostpolitik
2950:Solidarity
2915:Toyota War
2818:Solidarity
2675:Operation
2630:Ogaden War
2319:Dhofar War
2207:Shifta War
1965:Operation
1813:Korean War
1605:Operation
1597:Operation
1589:Operation
1566:Operation
1546:Operation
1538:Operation
1342:2018-10-03
1318:2018-10-03
1294:2018-10-03
1189:2018-10-03
1148:2018-10-01
1121:2018-10-01
1092:2018-10-01
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985:2018-10-01
958:2018-10-01
893:2018-10-01
868:2018-10-01
841:. Vintage.
806:2018-10-01
777:2018-10-01
753:2018-10-01
722:References
691:0471667307
323:Eisenhower
92:Occupation
47:1936-05-05
4070:Ken Young
3915:Tony Judt
3764:Arms race
3737:Red Scare
3605:NN States
3550:Apartheid
3505:Autocracy
3414:Stalinism
3382:Guevarism
3372:Castroism
3362:Communism
3354:Socialism
2880:Star Wars
2473:Koza riot
1599:Beleaguer
1591:Masterdom
1264:cite book
1256:767837942
1087:0190-8286
930:1937-5239
424:Earth Day
380:utilities
291:wrote in
259:Hiroshima
163:Cambridge
151:historian
4222:Timeline
4212:Category
4157:See also
3649:Izvestia
3490:Islamism
3387:Hoxhaism
3262:Rollback
3141:Abkhazia
3081:Gulf War
2985:Glasnost
2355:incident
2125:Sand War
1983:Ifni War
1492:Rio Pact
1437:Cold War
1378:Archived
1223:60306686
587:Harper's
3712:Amerika
3595:Comecon
3480:Fascism
3470:Zionism
3419:Titoism
2960:Contras
2428:DĂ©tente
1705:Comecon
645:, with
616:Dissent
396:markets
231:Vietnam
131:Website
81:Ph.D.:
3663:Pravda
3465:Racism
3404:Maoism
3156:Kosovo
2677:Condor
2353:Pueblo
2339:May 68
1967:Gladio
1885:Tuapse
1548:Jungle
1540:Priboi
1391:C-SPAN
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1112:"Poll"
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928:
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411:co-ops
386:, and
310:, and
75:M.A.:
69:B.S.:
4148:Stasi
3615:SAARC
3610:ASEAN
3575:SEATO
3428:Other
3393:Juche
3151:Korea
3064:1990s
2777:1980s
2421:1970s
2044:1960s
1796:1950s
1506:1940s
1487:NEATO
1482:SEATO
1472:ANZUS
916:(5).
623:Books
546:Works
3688:TASS
3580:METO
3570:NATO
2796:and
2794:1980
2351:USS
1477:METO
1462:NATO
1270:link
1252:OCLC
1242:ISBN
1219:OCLC
1209:ISBN
1083:ISSN
926:ISSN
687:ISBN
513:RAND
460:and
153:and
138:.com
41:Born
4143:KGB
4138:MVD
4123:MI6
4118:MI5
4113:CIA
3585:EEC
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