568:
20:
218:, the obligations of the high steward touched upon the private sphere of the sovereign: his home, his table, the administration of the treasury, and the control of revenues and expenses, functions which conferred political influence and opportunities for personal enrichment. The high steward supervised a large number of servants, waiters, groomsmen, larderers, etc. Moreover, high stewards appear regularly as signatories to royal charters.
348:, who from 1242 already appears as a signatory to royal privileges granted by Ferdinand III, and who was appointed royal high steward by Alfonso X (who must have been his childhood playmate) as soon as he acceded to the throne. He held this post from 1252 to 1260, when he was named admiral of the fleet deployed to battle the
167:. Three children were born of this marriage: Rodrigo, Fernando, and Mayor, with whom García Fernández signed an agreement in 1228 regarding the distribution of their mother's bequests. Another indication of the close relationship with the House of Guzmán is provided by the donations of the children of García Fernández to the
259:
483:
The period of greatest expansion of his landed holdings corresponds to the years between 1219 and 1234, when his position at court as royal high steward under
Berengaria and Ferdinand III allowed him to amass riches sufficient for the enlargement of his legacy. At the end of this period, in 1232 when
590:
It is from the archives of this abbey that a good part of the information we have on García Fernández comes: some 60 documents referring directly to him or to his wife Mayor Arias. Female members of the family continued to hold key posts in the abbey long after his death. The first
535:
Nevertheless from 1234 up to his death seven years later the purchases ceased, although his wife Mayor Arias added to them in later years. One possible explanation is a greater involvement in the military campaigns of the
512:, an area where the king himself had spent part of his childhood. Also important were the donations he received from the king in Andalusia as a result of the Castilian conquests of the period. These may include lands in
245:
between 1217 and 1232; and finally to
Ferdinand III himself between 1232 and 1238. He also appears on some documents as royal high steward to Ferdinand III between 1224 and 1230, a time when the post was held by
595:
was Marina Arias, probably Mayor's sister, and García's daughters Marina and Mayor also led the community. The latter was still the abbess in 1286 when two granddaughters of the founder occupied the posts of
250:. It is possible that this indicates a close relationship with the Girón family, already attested in other sources, and that García Fernández served as steward to Gonzalo as well as to Queen Berengaria.
555:. Eventually his expansive domains were split up, due especially to the great number of his descendants, and by the middle of the 14th century the family held scant feudal rights even in the area of
393:
year 1278 indeed corresponds to AD 1240, but 20 October fell on a Sunday in 1241. In any event, García Fernández had already died by 1242 when his wife, Mayor Arias, made donations in his memory to
221:
In principle, García Fernández can be considered to have belonged, by lineage and patrimony, to the middle nobility, far from the influence and prestige enjoyed at the time by families such as the
380:
This charter was made in
Villaldemiro, Sunday the twentieth of October, in the year of Our Lord one thousand two hundred forty-one, of the Spanish Era year one thousand two hundred seventy-eight
376:
García Fernández dictated his will on 20 October 1241, according to a document whose authenticity is disputed due to its being a much later copy and to the problems of dating it presents:
140:, which would make his family a secondary branch of the House of Aza, although according to the most reliable studies, he was a descendant of Martín Díaz, member of a noble family of
321:
In these important responsibilities the confidence which
Berengaria and Ferdinand III placed in him was confirmed. He supported them during the rebellion of the nobility led by the
229:. His later successful rise in social standing was due not to military prowess or matrimonial alliances, but rather to his position at court. He was high steward to Queen
300:(...) because Don García Ferrandez and his wife Doña Mayor Arias raised me and did me many services and especially because they raised me in Villaldemiro and in Celada.
580:
144:. His father was likely the same Fernando García who appears as a signatory to royal privileges during the reign of Alfonso VIII and who took part in 1212 in the
453:
Throughout most of his life García Fernández pursued an active policy of land acquisition. In the first stage, coinciding with the period of his marriage to
190:, Diego, Teresa, Marina, Urraca, and Mencía. The family origins of Mayor are uncertain, although there are many indications of a close relationship with
1288:
579:, and turned it into a Cistercian convent dedicated to Mary and Saint Vincent which was inaugurated in 1228. He placed it under the dependency of the
292:
as nanny. It seems that
Alfonso recalled this period with nostalgia and gratitude; years later he justified some exemptions granted to the village of
549:(communities with the right to choose their own lord) and, in fact, a good part of the information we have on their later development comes from the
587:, while allowing it its legal and patrimonial independence. García Fernández endowed it abundantly both at its foundation as well as in his will.
484:
he acceded to the position of royal high steward, we find the only case in which he held sole lordship over a village when the king granted him
415:
329:
in 1230. Once his tutelage of
Alfonso had come to an end, he became more involved in the military campaigns in Andalusia: he held the post of
128:
There is no direct documentary evidence to confirm the family origins of García Fernández. It has been proposed that he was a grandson of the
95:
1331:(1994). "Orígenes familiares de Santo Domingo, los linajes de Aza y Guzmán". In Aniz Iriarte, Cándido; Díaz Martín, Luis Vicente (eds.).
1483:
1416:
426:
to Queen
Berengaria. He left his jewelry and other goods, not only to his wife and children, but also to the abbey at Villamayor and
148:, although again there is no explicit confirmation in the documentary record. Moreover, his maternal ancestry is completely unknown.
1405:
1383:
1364:
1342:
1318:
418:, to which he left a fifth of his personal effects and landed estates. To his son Juan went his knightly attire, his horse to the
155:, to whom he was already married in 1203 and who died around 1212. She is possibly the daughter of Muño García and the sister of
212:
or royal high steward) was an important honor reserved for the foremost figures of the nobility. In contrast with those of the
168:
105:
Although history knows him as García (or Garcí) Fernández de
Villamayor, in the sources he is identified as "de Villaldemiro".
94:. His name first appears on a document of 1194 in which the grandchildren of Ordoño Pérez and Urraca Fernández granted to the
430:
Alfonso. To free those of his vassals who were then prisoners of the Moors he also set aside quantities between 100 and 500
725:
551:
465:
360:
in 1264. Juan also appears, along with his brother
Alfonso, as the men in charge of the demarcation of the border between
247:
156:
145:
732:
742:
1284:"Los dominios de un noble en la corte castellana en la primera mitad del siglo XIII. García Fernández de Villamayor"
567:
673:
187:
129:
19:
695:
613:
454:
404:
The will allows us to measure the extent of his fortune at the time of his death. He bequeathed a total of 6000
658:
643:
556:
477:
345:
242:
183:
106:
60:
1393:
575:
In 1223, García Fernández acquired a monastery dating back to the 11th or early 12th century and dedicated to
469:
326:
315:
267:
234:
133:
1352:
1328:
1283:
1488:
473:
238:
56:
337:
in 1233 immediately after the city was taken, and took part, along with
Ferdinand, in the conquest of
668:
576:
501:
285:
262:
137:
74:
118:
406:
365:
311:
1313:(in Spanish). Vol. 1. Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Cultura y Turismo.
289:
505:
496:, in compensation, according to the donation document, for his support in attaining the crown of
361:
230:
179:
64:
52:
521:
497:
450:. There is documentation confirming 75 such holdings, of which 72 were concentrated in Castile.
338:
160:
1357:
Colección diplomática. Monasterio Cisterciense de Santa María la Real. Villamayor de los Montes
508:
due to the "many services he had done for him". In this period he made several acquisitions in
442:
García Fernández came to hold properties or feudal rights across a wide area which spread from
1428:
1401:
1379:
1360:
1338:
1314:
1297:
691:
545:
509:
500:. The unusual location could be related to the family origins of Mayor Arias, to whom in 1255
293:
423:
398:
141:
39:
1436:
717:
It is possible, although doubtful, that Elvira and Mayor were also children of this union.
663:
443:
419:
349:
204:
191:
90:
García Fernández, founder of the House of Villamayor, was probably born in the 1170s near
47:
152:
280:
1477:
1359:(in Spanish). Burgos: Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Villamayor de los Montes.
464:
Between 1212 and 1216 the purchases halted, probably due to the repercussions of the
394:
322:
226:
222:
172:
164:
122:
1378:(in Spanish). Institución Cultural Simancas (Diputación Provincial de Valladolid).
513:
458:
110:
99:
91:
1376:
La Tierra de Campos occidental. Poblamiento, poder y comunidad del siglo X al XIII
529:
178:
After the death of Teresa Muñoz, and no later than 1216, García Fernández married
1332:
537:
390:
472:, and the consequent political agitation. In 1216 acquisitions are recorded in
686:
411:
274:
According to the prevailing custom at court concerning the education of royal
214:
1432:
1301:
601:
485:
447:
171:, made due to the "great affinity" which united them with his contemporary
1459:"Monasterio Cisterciense Santa María la Real de Villamayor de los Montes"
597:
517:
357:
334:
73:
Alfonso, the first-born son of King Ferdinand who went on to become King
1458:
524:, as well as those received after his death by his wife and children in
525:
493:
353:
69:
305:
Charter of privileges granted to Celada del Camino by Alfonso X (1255)
258:
163:) and she held a sizeable inheritance concentrated in the area around
592:
584:
114:
1415:
Veas Arteseros, Francisco; Veas Arteseros, María del Carmen (1986).
1334:
Santo Domingo de Caleruega, en su contexto socio-político, 1170-1221
690:
of Andalusia, and married Leonor Alfonso, illegitimate daughter of
566:
457:
from 1203 to 1212, these acquisitions centered on the area around
257:
18:
710:
Teresa García de Villamayor (after 1216 – after February 1262)
707:
Marina García de Villamayor (after 1216 – after February 1262)
704:
Mencía García de Villamayor (after 1216 – after February 1262)
1062:
314:
language, which he later would use in the composition of the
1038:
1014:
990:
1296:(230). Madrid: Instituto de Historia, CCHS, CSIC: 647–706.
45:
His career unfolded primarily at court, where he served as
117:, and it is in this area, around the basins of the rivers
612:
García Fernández had three children from his marriage to
476:, near Villaldemiro, possibly related to his marriage to
543:
Most of García Fernández's possessions were acquired as
504:
made another donation with the same conditions, that of
1421:
Miscelánea Medieval Murciana, Área de Historia Medieval
1337:(in Spanish). Editorial San Esteban. pp. 173–228.
284:, García Fernández was designated tutor to future King
635:
Fernán García de Villamayor (before 1212 – after 1259)
410:
to several ecclesiastical institutions, especially to
638:
Mayor García de Villamayor (before 1212 – after 1286)
310:
It was in these years that Alfonso X encountered the
701:
Diego García de Villamayor (after 1216 – after 1286)
182:. At least seven children were born of this union:
344:The royal family's favor also extended to his son
98:properties their grandparents held in the town of
1417:"Alférez Mayor y Mayordomo Real en el siglo XIII"
1398:Alfonso X el Sabio: La forja de la España moderna
713:Urraca García de Villamayor (after 1216 – ?)
468:, in which he may have taken part, the death of
1026:
978:
918:
894:
823:
378:
298:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1050:
1002:
966:
954:
942:
930:
906:
882:
870:
858:
846:
834:
799:
787:
775:
763:
8:
628:Rodrigo García de Villamayor (before 1212 –
113:are towns located about 20 km south of
811:
661:(before 1228 – after June 1266), served as
581:Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas
719:
563:Abbey of Santa María la Real of Villamayor
194:and the powerful Galician House of Limia.
23:Monasterio de Villamayor de los Montes - 3
1063:Martínez Díez & González Sánchez 2000
241:, daughter of Alfonso VIII and mother of
169:Royal Abbey of Saint Dominic of Caleruega
1400:(in Spanish). Círculo de Lectores, S.L.
1039:Veas Arteseros & Veas Arteseros 1986
1015:Veas Arteseros & Veas Arteseros 1986
991:Veas Arteseros & Veas Arteseros 1986
756:
254:Education of Alfonso X and later career
132:who appears in the 1170 treaty between
67:, he was in charge of the education of
1289:Hispania. Revista Española de Historia
325:and later accompanied the king at the
16:Castilian nobleman (c. 1170 – c. 1241)
7:
552:Becerro de las Behetrías de Castilla
125:, that his holdings were clustered.
733:High Steward of the King of Castile
654:1241) were the following children:
1355:; González Sánchez, Vidal (2000).
694:, one of his descendants would be
414:monasteries, including the one at
237:, between 1211 and 1213; to Queen
151:García Fernández's first wife was
14:
1374:Martínez Sopena, Pascual (1985).
278:, a custom later set down in the
1282:Álvarez Borge, Ignacio (2008).
395:Juan de Soria, Bishop of Burgos
356:, and in the later conquest of
333:(commander of the fortress) of
51:(royal high steward) to Queen
28:García Fernández de Villamayor
1:
677:
651:
647:
629:
621:
617:
466:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
385:Testament of García Fernández
352:in the attack on the port of
146:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
35:
31:
1309:Estepa Díez, Carlos (2003).
674:Alfonso García de Villamayor
642:From his second marriage to
130:García Ordóñez de Villamayor
1185:, pp. 663, 669 and 670
1505:
696:María Micaela G. de Molina
577:Saint Vincent of Saragossa
434:, according to each case.
296:with the following words:
1484:Spanish untitled nobility
1311:Las Behetrías Castellanas
739:
730:
722:
698:who would be mistress of.
659:Juan García de Villamayor
571:Monastery of Villamayor.
726:Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón
316:Cantigas de Santa Maria
268:Cantigas de Santa Maria
248:Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón
134:Alfonso VIII of Castile
1394:Valdeón Baruque, Julio
1353:Martínez Díez, Gonzalo
1329:Martínez Díez, Gonzalo
849:, pp. 652 and 657
743:Rodrigo González Girón
684:to King Alfonso X and
572:
388:
308:
271:
210:maiordomus curie regis
63:. Along with his wife
24:
608:Marriage and children
570:
261:
22:
1027:Valdeón Baruque 2003
979:Valdeón Baruque 2003
919:Valdeón Baruque 2003
895:Valdeón Baruque 2003
824:Martínez Sopena 1985
138:Alfonso II of Aragon
399:Cathedral of Toledo
368:as agreed in 1263.
312:Galician-Portuguese
157:Ruy Muñoz de Guzmán
1269:, pp. 658–659
1267:Álvarez Borge 2008
1255:Álvarez Borge 2008
1245:, pp. 650–651
1243:Álvarez Borge 2008
1233:, pp. 675–676
1231:Álvarez Borge 2008
1221:, pp. 686–688
1219:Álvarez Borge 2008
1207:Álvarez Borge 2008
1195:Álvarez Borge 2008
1183:Álvarez Borge 2008
1173:, pp. 662–663
1171:Álvarez Borge 2008
1161:, pp. 661–662
1159:Álvarez Borge 2008
1147:Álvarez Borge 2008
1135:Álvarez Borge 2008
1123:Álvarez Borge 2008
1111:Álvarez Borge 2008
1101:, pp. 673–674
1099:Álvarez Borge 2008
1087:Álvarez Borge 2008
1075:Álvarez Borge 2008
1051:Álvarez Borge 2008
1003:Álvarez Borge 2008
967:Álvarez Borge 2008
957:, pp. 656–657
955:Álvarez Borge 2008
943:Álvarez Borge 2008
931:Álvarez Borge 2008
921:, pp. 142–143
907:Álvarez Borge 2008
885:, pp. 658–659
883:Álvarez Borge 2008
871:Martínez Díez 1994
859:Álvarez Borge 2008
847:Álvarez Borge 2008
835:Álvarez Borge 2008
802:, pp. 649–650
800:Álvarez Borge 2008
788:Álvarez Borge 2008
776:Álvarez Borge 2008
766:, pp. 202–205
764:Martínez Díez 1994
573:
506:Cevico de la Torre
488:, in the Galician
474:Vilviestre de Muñó
286:Alfonso X the Wise
272:
263:Alfonso X the Wise
198:Royal high steward
25:
749:
748:
740:Succeeded by
692:Alfonso de Molina
680:1292), served as
294:Celada del Camino
159:(forebear of the
1496:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1435:. Archived from
1411:
1389:
1370:
1348:
1324:
1305:
1270:
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993:, pp. 37–38
988:
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812:Estepa Díez 2003
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767:
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723:Preceded by
720:
687:adelantado mayor
679:
653:
649:
631:
623:
619:
386:
306:
142:Tierra de Campos
96:Bishop of Burgos
37:
33:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1474:
1473:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1442:
1440:
1414:
1408:
1392:
1386:
1373:
1367:
1351:
1345:
1327:
1321:
1308:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
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736:
728:
682:mayordomo mayor
676:(before 1226 –
664:mayordomo mayor
610:
565:
440:
420:Knights Templar
387:
384:
374:
307:
304:
266:
256:
233:, wife of King
205:Mayordomo mayor
200:
161:House of Guzmán
88:
83:
48:Mayordomo mayor
17:
12:
11:
5:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1486:
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1471:
1453:
1452:External links
1450:
1449:
1448:
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1439:on 2009-12-25
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1113:, p. 686
1112:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1089:, p. 665
1088:
1083:
1080:
1077:, p. 672
1076:
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1053:, p. 683
1052:
1047:
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1040:
1035:
1032:
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1023:
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1016:
1011:
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1005:, p. 654
1004:
999:
996:
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987:
984:
980:
975:
972:
969:, p. 689
968:
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951:
948:
945:, p. 649
944:
939:
936:
933:, p. 653
932:
927:
924:
920:
915:
912:
909:, p. 654
908:
903:
900:
896:
891:
888:
884:
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873:, p. 205
872:
867:
864:
861:, p. 658
860:
855:
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848:
843:
840:
837:, p. 651
836:
831:
828:
825:
820:
817:
814:, p. 295
813:
808:
805:
801:
796:
793:
790:, p. 669
789:
784:
781:
778:, p. 659
777:
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328:
327:Siege of Jaén
324:
323:House of Lara
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288:, along with
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243:Ferdinand III
240:
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227:House of Haro
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223:House of Lara
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61:Ferdinand III
58:
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50:
49:
43:
41:
29:
21:
1489:1240s deaths
1463:. Retrieved
1461:(in Spanish)
1441:. Retrieved
1437:the original
1424:
1420:
1397:
1375:
1356:
1333:
1310:
1293:
1287:
1276:Bibliography
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
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1094:
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1029:, p. 30
1022:
1017:, p. 38
1010:
998:
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890:
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641:
614:Teresa Muñoz
611:
589:
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550:
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489:
482:
470:Alfonso VIII
463:
459:Villaldemiro
455:Teresa Muñoz
452:
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427:
422:, and three
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389:
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290:Urraca Pérez
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220:
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203:
202:The post of
201:
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153:Teresa Muñoz
150:
127:
111:Villaldemiro
104:
100:Las Hormazas
92:Villaldemiro
89:
68:
46:
44:
38:1241) was a
34:1170 –
27:
26:
644:Mayor Arias
538:Reconquista
478:Mayor Arias
397:and to the
391:Spanish Era
180:Mayor Arias
65:Mayor Arias
59:, and King
1478:Categories
1443:2012-11-22
752:References
737:1232–1238
602:precentrix
557:Villamayor
416:Villamayor
412:Cistercian
239:Berengaria
107:Villamayor
57:Berengaria
42:nobleman.
1465:17 August
1433:0210-4903
1302:0018-2141
1065:, doc. 50
669:Alfonso X
546:behetrías
530:Benacazón
502:Alfonso X
486:Manzaneda
448:Andalusia
432:maravedís
407:maravedís
341:in 1236.
81:Biography
75:Alfonso X
40:Castilian
1396:(2003).
667:to King
598:prioress
424:goshawks
383:—
366:Portugal
350:Marinids
303:—
276:infantes
119:Arlanzón
55:, Queen
650:1216 –
624:1212):
620:1203 –
526:Seville
522:Córdoba
494:A Limia
490:comarca
444:Galicia
428:Infante
362:Castile
339:Córdoba
331:alcaide
231:Eleanor
225:or the
215:alférez
192:Galicia
188:Alfonso
123:Arlanza
70:Infante
53:Eleanor
1431:
1404:
1382:
1363:
1341:
1317:
1300:
1294:LXVIII
593:abbess
585:Burgos
520:, and
510:Celada
115:Burgos
632:1255)
518:Úbeda
514:Baeza
372:Death
358:Cádiz
335:Úbeda
165:Lerma
1467:2012
1429:ISSN
1425:XIII
1402:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1298:ISSN
600:and
528:and
498:León
364:and
354:Salé
346:Juan
184:Juan
136:and
121:and
109:and
583:in
492:of
446:to
1480::
1427:.
1419:.
1286:.
678:c.
652:c.
648:c.
630:c.
622:c.
618:c.
604:.
559:.
532:.
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401:.
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36:c.
32:c.
1469:.
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646:(
616:(
265:.
208:(
30:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
