1970:
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1116:(widely referred to as "pods"), following flowering that happens when left to grow past their normal harvesting period. The seeds are edible, and are sometimes used as a crunchy, sharp addition to salads. Some varieties are grown specifically for their seeds or seed pods, rather than their roots. The rat-tailed radish, an old European variety thought to have come from East Asia centuries ago, has long, thin, curly pods which can exceed 20 cm (8 in) in length. In the 17th century, the pods were often pickled and served with meat. The 'München Bier' variety supplies seed pods that are sometimes served raw as an accompaniment to beer in
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496:. Smaller types have a few leaves about 13 cm (5 in) long with round roots up to 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter or more slender, long roots up to 7 cm (3 in) long. Both of these are normally eaten raw in salads. A longer root form, including oriental radishes, daikon or mooli, and winter radishes, grows up to 60 cm (24 in) long with foliage about 60 cm (24 in) high with a spread of 45 cm (18 in). The flesh of radishes harvested timely is crisp and sweet, but becomes bitter and tough if the vegetable is left in the ground too long. Leaves are arranged in a
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1846:) on December 23 as a part of Christmas celebrations. This folk art competition uses a large type of radish up to 50 cm (20 in) long and weighing up to 3 kg (7 lb). Great skill and ingenuity are used to carve these into religious and popular figures, buildings, and other objects, and they are displayed in the town square.
945:
935:'Easter Egg' is not an actual variety, but a mix of varieties with different skin colors, typically including white, pink, red, and purple radishes. Sold in markets or seed packets under the name, the seed mixes can extend harvesting duration from a single planting, as different varieties may mature at different times.
556:
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Radishes are a common garden crop in many parts of the world, and the fast harvest cycle makes them particularly suitable for children's gardens. After harvesting, radishes can be stored without loss of quality for two or three days at room temperature, and about two months at 0 °C (32 °F)
712:
6.5 to 7.0, but for late-season crops, a clayey-loam is ideal. Soils that bake dry and form a crust in dry weather are unsuitable and can impair germination. Harvesting periods can be extended by making repeat plantings, spaced a week or two apart. In warmer climates, radishes are normally planted
700:
in three to four days in moist conditions with soil temperatures between 18 and 29 °C (65 and 85 °F). Best quality roots are obtained under moderate day lengths with air temperatures in the range 10 to 18 °C (50 to 65 °F). Under average conditions, the crop matures in 3–4 weeks,
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Broadly speaking, radishes can be categorized into four main types according to the seasons when they are grown and a variety of shapes, lengths, colors, and sizes, such as red, pink, white, gray-black, or yellow radishes, with round or elongated roots that can grow longer than a
968:. It dates in Europe to 1548, and was a common garden variety in England and France during the early 19th century. It has a rough, black skin with hot-flavored, white flesh, is round or irregularly pear shaped, and grows to around 10 cm (4 in) in diameter.
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National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1741:
Radish greens are usually discarded, but are edible and nutritious, and can be prepared in a variety of ways. The leaves are sometimes used in recipes, like potato soup or as a sauteed side dish. They are also found blended with fruit juices in some recipes.
1781:. The daikon grows well in cool climates and, apart from its industrial use, can be used as a cover crop, grown to increase soil fertility, to scavenge nutrients, suppress weeds, help alleviate soil compaction, and prevent winter erosion of the soil.
483:
crops grown for their swollen tap roots which can be globular, tapering, or cylindrical. The root skin colour ranges from white through pink, red, purple, yellow, and green to black, but the flesh is usually white. The roots obtain their color from
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919:'White Icicle' or 'Icicle' is a white carrot-shaped variety, around 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, dating back to the 16th century. It slices easily, and has better than average resistance to pithiness.
877:
Sometimes referred to as
European radishes or spring radishes if they are planted in cooler weather, summer radishes are generally small and have a relatively short three- to four-week cultivation time.
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Fitzgerald, J. J.; Black, W. J. M. (1984). "Finishing Store Lambs on Green Forage Crops: 1. A Comparison of Rape, Kale and Fodder Radish as
Sources of Feed for Finishing Store Lambs in Autumn".
922:'French Breakfast' is an elongated, red-skinned radish with a white splash at the root end. It is typically slightly milder than other summer varieties, but is among the quickest to turn pithy.
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are generally shorter, stouter, and sturdier than daikon, and have pale green shade halfway down from the top. They also have stronger flavour, denser flesh and softer leaves. The greens of
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botanist reported radishes of 45 kilograms (100 pounds) and roughly 90 centimetres (3 feet) in length in 1544, although the only variety of that size today is the
Japanese
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varying in size, flavor, color, and length of time they take to mature. Radishes owe their sharp flavor to the various chemical compounds produced by the plants, including
459:
highlighted its possible uses as a treatment. Al-Warraq's 10th century cookbook includes radish as a side dish for ostrich meat and an ingredient in a chicken dish called
2174:
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789:, luring insect pests away from the main crop. Cucumbers and radishes seem to thrive when grown in close association with each other, and radishes also grow well with
829:) attacks the foliage and growing tip of the plant and causes distortion, multiple (or no) growing tips, and swollen or crinkled leaves and stems. The larvae of the
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The root of the radish is usually eaten raw, although tougher specimens can be steamed. The raw flesh has a crisp texture and a pungent, peppery flavor, caused by
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and suffer from few pests and diseases. They germinate quickly and grow rapidly, common smaller varieties being ready for consumption within a month, while larger
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sometimes attack the roots. The foliage droops and becomes discoloured, and small, white maggots tunnel through the root, making it unattractive or inedible.
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is a hot-flavored variety which is typically grown to around 10 kg (22 lb), but which can grow to 30 kg (66 lb) when left in the ground.
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990:). Daikons commonly have elongated white roots, although many varieties of daikon exist. One well-known variety is 'April Cross', with smooth white roots.
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varieties take several months. Being easy to grow and quick to harvest, radishes are often planted by novice gardeners. Another use of radish is as a
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903:'Champion' is round and red-skinned like the 'Cherry Belle', but with slightly larger roots, up to 5 cm (2 in), and a milder flavor.
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737: in) for large radishes. During the growing period, the crop needs to be thinned and weeds controlled, and irrigation may be required.
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records are available to help determine their early history and domestication. However, scientists have tentatively located the origin of
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Price, Andrew J.; Jason, K. Norsworthy (2013). "Cover Crops for Weed
Management in Southern Reduced-Tillage Vegetable Cropping Systems".
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live in the soil, but the adult beetles cause damage to the crop, biting small "shot holes" in the leaves, especially of seedlings. The
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2975:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
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As a fast-growing plant, diseases are not generally a problem with radishes, but some insect pests can be a nuisance. The larvae of
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A Guide to the
Orchard and Kitchen Garden: Or, an Account of the Most Valuable Fruit and Vegetables Cultivated in Great Britain
1060:, to distinguish Korean varieties from Japanese ones. The longer, thinner, and waterier Japanese daikon cultivated mainly for
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describes 'Masato Red' and 'Masato Green' varieties as extremely long, well-suited for fall planting and winter storage. The
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1761:"Arte y Cultura de Oaxaca" by Jose Maria Ramirez Vasquez at the 2014 Noche de Rabanos. The display shows artisans creating
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900:'Cherry Belle' is a bright red-skinned round variety with a white interior. It is familiar in North American supermarkets.
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1784:"Radi", a spiral-cut radish, served with salt and occasionally chives, is traditionally served with beer at the Bavarian
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932:'Gala' and 'Roodbol' are two varieties popular in the Netherlands in a breakfast dish, thinly sliced on buttered bread.
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952:'Black Spanish' or 'Black Spanish Round' occur in both round and elongated forms, and are sometimes simply called the
471:
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1957:
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gave details of small, large, round, long, mild, and sharp varieties. The radish seems to have been one of the first
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appear to have been secondary centers where differing forms were developed. Radishes enter the historical record in
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has been adopted in
English, it is also sometimes called the Japanese radish, Chinese radish, Oriental radish or
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times, radishes are now grown and consumed throughout the world. The radish is sometimes considered to form a
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seeds contain up to 48% oil, and while not suitable for human consumption, this oil is a potential source of
906:'Red King' has a mild flavor, with good resistance to club root, a problem that can arise from poor drainage.
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1722:, sliced radishes are used in combination with shredded lettuce as garnish for traditional dishes such as
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2885:. Crop Genebank Knowledge Base, Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
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1820:, radish dolls are sometimes made as children's toys. Daikon is also one of the plants that make up the
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Lewis-Jones, L.J.; Thorpe, J.P.; Wallis, G.P. (1982). "Genetic divergence in four species of the genus
313:, slightly spicy flavor, varying in intensity depending on its growing environment. There are numerous
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but in colder weather, 6–7 weeks may be required. Homegrown varieties can be significantly sharper.
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Using 2003–4 data, several sources report annual world production of radishes to be about 7 million
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in the autumn. The depth at which seeds are planted affects the size of the root, from 1 cm (
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Love and Lemons Every Day: More than 100 Bright, Plant-Forward
Recipes for Every Meal: A Cookbook
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2203:"Innovation or preservation? Abbasid aubergines, archaeobotany, and the Islamic Green Revolution"
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3481:(Print). Crop Production Science in Horticulture. Vol. 14. Wallingford: CAB International.
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Hortus
Kewensis; Or, A Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew
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2659:. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. p. 129.
2444:(Leaflet). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture; UNT Digital Library.
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with an enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes. The white flowers are borne on a
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for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
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crop. Some radishes are grown for their seeds; others, such as daikon, may be grown for
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Beattie, James H. (James
Herbert), b. 1882; Beattie, W. R. (William Renwick), b. 1870;
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refers to a wide variety of winter oilseed radishes from Asia. While the Japanese name
916:'Snow Belle' is an all-white variety of radish, similar in shape to the 'Cherry Belle'.
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for many other crops, probably because their pungent odour deters such insect pests as
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1609:-ounce) reference serving, raw radishes provide 66 kilojoules (16 kilocalories) of
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Integrated crop and pest management guidelines for commercial vegetable production
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Radishes are mostly used in salads, but also appear in many European dishes. In
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Varieties of radish are now broadly distributed around the world, but almost no
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the seed pods are called "moongra" or "mogri" and can be used in many dishes.
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2781:**McAffee warns that this site attempted to exploit a browser vulnerability.
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Takeshi Nishio (4 October 2017). Takeshi Nishio, Hiroyasu Kitashiba (ed.).
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526:=18). It is estimated that the radish genome contains between 526 and 574
379:, as this is the only region where truly wild forms have been discovered.
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Gruver, Joel; Weil, Ray R.; White, Charles; Lawley, Yvonne (2014-03-11).
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Documents A to Z Digitization Project website. Retrieved on 2014-07-29.
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3191:"Indian Raita Recipe – Moongre Ka Raita (Moong Dal Fritters Raita"
2799:, via highbeam.com (fee for full access.) Retrieved on 2007-09-28.
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3338:"Radi, the German Radish They Eat with Beer - A Travel for Taste"
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noted that the radish, particularly its leaves, may be useful in
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3047:(Print). IARC Handbook of Cancer Prevention. Vol. 9. Lyon:
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873:(or bai luobo)—a large East Asian white radish—for sale in India
705:
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Radishes are a fast-growing, annual, cool-season crop. The seed
273:
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432:, though it is mostly associated in the West with the Japanese
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1144:, and representing roughly 2% of global vegetable production.
1034:), the word is usually used in its narrow sense, referring to
798:
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352:
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Biodiversity Heritage Library.org: Discovered Bibliography −
2810:"Korean radish : Substitutes, Ingredients, Equivalents"
723: in) deep recommended for small radishes to 4 cm (
4925:
3160:"Crunch time: Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's radish recipes"
511:. The fruits are small pods which can be eaten when young.
492:
as a pigment, and purple cultivars obtain their color from
408:
3222:"Intriguing-yet-forgotten pod, the blue-purple lila mogri"
2940:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2478:
University of North Texas Government Documents Department
2279:
The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening
3312:"Radishes: A New Cover Crop for Organic Farming Systems"
2201:
Fuks, Daniel; Amichay, Oriya; Weiss, Ehud (2020-01-27).
913:. It can reach up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter.
2281:(Print). London: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 356–357.
2126:: Implications for the ancestry of the domestic radish
2020:
CABI (2022-01-07). Raphanus sativus (radish) (Report).
897:. It is slightly oblong, mostly red, with a white tip.
3280:
Cavigelli, Michel A.; Martin, Todd E.; Mutch, Dale R.
2337:
2335:
2304:
Vegetable Gardening: Growing and Harvesting Vegetables
1625:
in low content (table). A raw radish is 95% water, 3%
882:
The 'April Cross' is a giant white radish hybrid that
2238:
2236:
500:. They have a lyrate shape, meaning they are divided
455:
considered it a component of poison antidotes, while
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1991:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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3554:
3134:
Farmer John's Cookbook: The Real Dirt on Vegetables
3045:
Cruciferous Vegetables, Isothiocyanates and Indoles
1558:
1546:
1521:
1508:
1495:
1482:
1469:
1456:
1443:
1422:
1401:
1384:
1368:
1351:
1334:
1317:
1300:
1279:
1244:
1220:
1202:
1192:
1176:
1162:
1157:
3252:"Georgia looking at radish oil for biofuel market"
2972:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2714:The Practical Gardener, and Modern Horticulturist
2688:. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green.
1434:
1291:
30:Radish may also refer to any member of the genus
1769:The seeds of radishes can be pressed to extract
929:radish, tends to stay crisp longer than average.
909:'Sicily Giant' is a large heirloom variety from
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
704:Radishes grow best in full sun in light, sandy
2571:"Radishes: Easy to Sprout, Hard to Grow Right"
2429:
2427:
2425:
1158:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
264:, although the entire plant is edible and its
3526:
2513:
8:
2908:Kasem Piluek; M.M. Beltran (30 April 2016).
2592:
2590:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2466:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1152:
1091:
1069:
1039:
1009:
3314:. Michigan State University. Archived from
3158:Fearnley-Whittingstall, Hugh (2012-06-18).
3049:International Agency for Research on Cancer
2207:Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
1800:varieties of radish are important parts of
1096:) and used as vegetable in various dishes.
451:to increase mucus. During the Middle Ages,
5373:
4625:
4571:
4483:
4186:
4054:
3562:
3533:
3519:
3511:
2936:United States Food and Drug Administration
2584:, May 2, 1999. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
2520:"Hail the Speedy Radish, in All Its Forms"
2470:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2348:. New India Publishing. pp. 244–247.
1261:
1151:
537:
55:
46:
3479:Vegetable Brassicas and Related Crucifers
3016:"Sprouts: daikon sprouts, radish sprouts"
2841:"With Some Radishes, It's About The Pods"
2390:
2388:
2133:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2025:
1831:) on the seventh day after the new year.
889:'Bunny Tail' is an heirloom variety from
414:European crops introduced to the Americas
302:Radishes are often used raw as a crunchy
27:Root vegetable of the family Brassicaceae
2105:Domestication of plants in the Old World
692:Newly germinated radishes at 10 days old
2436:United States Department of Agriculture
2012:
1853:
1665:The most commonly eaten portion is the
1022:is also a generic term for radishes in
962:L. ssp. niger (M.). D.C. var. albus D.C
543:
2772:
2762:
2459:
2078:Irish Journal of Agricultural Research
3713:CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)
3344:from the original on 5 September 2018
3201:from the original on 23 December 2019
2868:
2820:from the original on 24 December 2016
2532:from the original on February 5, 2018
2379:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
7:
5960:ea7b25df-c9d4-4d96-ba91-436d227ec570
5807:ccdb64a4-4559-4057-8378-b498681e1fb0
2448:from the original on October 6, 2014
2307:. Murdoch Books. 2004. p. 242.
2196:
2194:
2192:
2157:
2155:
2103:Zohary, Daniel; Hopf, Maria (2000).
1699:, which combine when chewed to form
1684:and eaten raw in a similar way to a
1018:with firm crunchy texture. Although
488:. Red varieties use the anthocyanin
5285:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
4401:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
4141:N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
3426:from the original on March 25, 2023
3232:from the original on 23 August 2018
3220:Doctor, Vikram (12 February 2012).
2277:Brickell, Christopher, ed. (1992).
2177:from the original on 6 October 2014
6054:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77159305-1
3370:from the original on 11 April 2019
2146:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1982.tb02032.x
1030:is a generic term for radishes in
895:Rosso Tondo A Piccola Punta Bianca
475:Section through red globe radishes
25:
3391:"Japanese Culture: Jinjitsu (人日)"
2916:from the original on 14 July 2018
2889:from the original on 14 July 2018
2792:"29 kg radish wins contest."
2692:from the original on July 6, 2014
2663:from the original on July 6, 2014
2518:Faust, Joan Lee (March 3, 1996).
5898:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:288491-1
2717:. London: Thomas Kelly. p.
2653:Aiton, William Townsend (1812).
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1896:
1882:
1868:
1856:
1574:Full Link to USDA Database entry
664:
643:
622:
599:
576:
555:
479:Radishes are annual or biennial
355:production. Others are used for
68:
3456:from the original on 2015-01-10
3397:from the original on 2012-04-24
3262:from the original on 2014-08-08
3172:from the original on 2014-08-14
3084:from the original on 2012-01-19
3051:/IARC Press. 2004. p. 13.
3026:from the original on 2014-10-01
2997:from the original on 2024-05-09
2950:from the original on 2024-03-27
2752:from the original on 2007-11-01
2599:"Garden Companions and Enemies"
2362:from the original on 2016-05-20
2321:from the original on 2016-06-17
2845:Kitchen Gardners International
1998: – Type of root vegetable
1613:and have a moderate amount of
1112:The seeds of radishes grow in
964:) or known by the French name
785:. They can also function as a
329:. They are sometimes grown as
1:
5359:Receptor/signaling modulators
3708:CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)
2597:Ready, Barbara (1982-02-01).
2405:Cornell Cooperative Extension
2342:Gopalakrishnan, T.P. (2007).
1056:is often used in contrast to
424:. The large, mild, and white
272:. Originally domesticated in
3137:. Gibbs Smith. p. 134.
2748:, via dictionary.com. 2004.
2027:10.1079/cabicompendium.46796
1581:Percentages estimated using
4987:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
3895:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
3765:Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid
3593:15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2
3477:Dixon, Geoffrey R. (2007).
3420:don Quijote Mexican Culture
2395:Seaman, Abby (2013-11-13).
6134:
3072:Radish Chefs (2005–2014).
2883:"Radish genetic resources"
2711:McIntosh, Charles (1828).
2249:. Springer. pp. 3–4.
2219:10.1007/s12520-019-00959-5
761:Radishes can be useful as
29:
5352:
3446:"La noche de los rábanos"
3286:Michigan State University
3102:Jeanine Donofrio (2019).
2171:Missouri Botanical Garden
1989: – chemical compound
1580:
1570:
1566:
1542:
1534:
1418:
1414:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1240:
1236:
1216:
1212:
1172:
1168:66 kJ (16 kcal)
1092:
1070:
1040:
1010:
850:Spring or summer radishes
216:
209:
192:
185:
65:Scientific classification
63:
54:
49:
3972:Umbellularia californica
3366:. specialtyproduce.com.
2839:Williams, Sally (2004).
2796:Kyodo World News Service
2746:Houghton Mifflin Company
2682:Lindley, George (1831).
2107:(3rd ed.). Oxford:
2045:(Submitted manuscript).
1838:, Mexico, celebrate the
925:'Plum Purple', a purple-
288:, and instead given the
268:are sometimes used as a
4942:N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
4724:Andrographis paniculata
3336:Tolliver, Karren Doll.
2109:Oxford University Press
2055:10.1614/WT-D-12-00056.1
1825:Festival of Seven Herbs
1680:. The seed can also be
1583:US recommendations
958:L. var. niger (M.) S.K.
893:, where it is known as
252:in the mustard family,
40:Radish (disambiguation)
5995:Raphanus raphanistrum
5363:Ion channel modulators
5092:Tetrahydrocannabivarin
4587:Tripterygium wilfordii
3953:Tetrahydrocannabiorcol
3340:. travelfortaste.com.
3131:John Peterson (2009).
2441:Production of radishes
2397:"Turnips and Radishes"
1766:
1662:
1587:the National Academies
1109:
949:
874:
863:
745:
693:
476:
428:form was developed in
403:Roman agriculturalists
260:is commonly used as a
4920:Lysophosphatidic acid
3104:"Waste not, want not"
1840:Night of the Radishes
1760:
1701:allyl isothiocyanates
1653:
1633:, and has negligible
1266:Vitamins and minerals
1132:, produced mainly by
1107:
947:
869:
857:
744:Growing radish plants
743:
691:
474:
293:Raphanus raphanistrum
221:Raphanus raphanistrum
5300:Pregnenolone sulfate
5121:Euphorbia resinifera
5063:Euphorbia resinifera
4992:Phenylacetylrinvanil
4952:N-Oleoylethanolamide
4900:Homodihydrocapsaicin
4288:Pregnenolone sulfate
4151:Pregnenolone sulfate
3958:Thiopropanal S-oxide
3943:Tetrahydrocannabinol
3631:Allyl isothiocyanate
3389:Ginny (2009-01-07).
3364:"German Beer Radish"
3256:Southeast Farm Press
3020:The Cook's Thesaurus
1927:Black, white and red
1844:Noche de los rábanos
827:Contarinia nasturtii
518:species, and has 18
449:traditional medicine
38:For other uses, see
5205:Cannabigerolic acid
4967:Nordihydrocapsaicin
4928:(acidic conditions)
2851:on February 1, 2010
1763:barro negro pottery
1623:essential nutrients
1353:Pantothenic acid (B
1154:
1014:), is a variety of
858:European radishes (
347:in winter, or as a
5168:Vernonia tweediana
4747:African blue basil
4719:Bisandrographolide
4305:Steviol glycosides
4258:Hydroxycitronellal
4004:Dehydroligustilide
3824:Angelica acutiloba
3738:Dehydroligustilide
3226:The Economic Times
3078:Radish Recipe Book
2910:"Raphanus sativus"
2582:The New York Times
2576:2018-02-05 at the
2525:The New York Times
2483:2009-12-03 at the
2163:"Raphanus sativus"
1767:
1703:, also present in
1663:
1548:Other constituents
1110:
1100:Seed pod varieties
1064:is referred to as
1052:context, the word
992:The New York Times
956:(Raphanus sativus
950:
875:
864:
746:
694:
477:
6090:
6089:
5841:Open Tree of Life
5379:Taxon identifiers
5370:
5369:
5348:
5347:
5280:Meclofenamic acid
5086:melegueta peppers
4957:Nonivamide (PAVA)
4693:melegueta peppers
4613:
4612:
4559:
4558:
4471:
4470:
4391:Meclofenamic acid
4314:Stevia rebaudiana
4174:
4173:
4136:Meclofenamic acid
4042:
4041:
3932:melegueta peppers
3905:Phenacyl chloride
3860:N-Methylmaleimide
3850:Methyl salicylate
3795:Hydrogen peroxide
3748:Diallyl disulfide
3610:melegueta peppers
3488:978-1-84593-138-4
3416:"MEXICAN HISTORY"
3144:978-1-4236-1411-1
3117:978-0-7352-1985-4
3058:978-92-832-3009-0
2982:978-0-309-48834-1
2881:Qui Yang (2018).
2634:on March 22, 2007
2355:978-81-89422-41-7
2314:978-1-74045-519-0
2288:978-0-86318-979-1
2256:978-3-319-59253-4
2246:The Radish Genome
1903:Watermelon radish
1829:Nanakusa no sekku
1593:
1592:
1538:
1537:
1148:Nutritional value
996:Sakurajima radish
966:Gros Noir d'Hiver
751:relative humidity
681:
680:
422:Sakurajima radish
236:
235:
230:
36:(the "radishes").
16:(Redirected from
6125:
6113:Plant subspecies
6083:
6082:
6070:
6069:
6057:
6056:
6044:
6043:
6031:
6030:
6018:
6017:
6016:
5998:
5986:
5985:
5973:
5972:
5963:
5962:
5950:
5949:
5940:
5939:
5927:
5926:
5914:
5913:
5901:
5900:
5888:
5887:
5875:
5874:
5862:
5861:
5859:Raphanus sativus
5849:
5848:
5836:
5835:
5823:
5822:
5810:
5809:
5800:
5799:
5797:Raphanus~sativus
5787:
5786:
5774:
5773:
5771:NBNSYS0000002820
5761:
5760:
5748:
5747:
5735:
5734:
5725:
5724:
5712:
5711:
5699:
5698:
5686:
5685:
5676:
5675:
5663:
5662:
5650:
5649:
5637:
5636:
5624:
5623:
5621:Raphanus sativus
5611:
5610:
5598:
5597:
5585:
5584:
5572:
5571:
5559:
5558:
5546:
5545:
5543:Raphanus_sativus
5533:
5532:
5520:
5519:
5507:
5506:
5504:raphanus-sativus
5497:
5496:
5487:
5486:
5477:
5476:
5474:raphanus-sativus
5464:
5463:
5451:
5450:
5441:
5440:
5431:
5430:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5417:Raphanus sativus
5406:
5405:
5404:
5387:Raphanus sativus
5374:
5215:Cannabigerovarin
4947:N-Oleoyldopamine
4853:Euodia ruticarpa
4819:Dihydrocapsaicin
4626:
4622:
4572:
4568:
4484:
4480:
4228:Cooling Agent 10
4187:
4183:
4055:
4051:
3573:4-Hydroxynonenal
3563:
3559:
3544:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3512:
3505:Raphanus sativus
3492:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3288:. Archived from
3282:"Oilseed radish"
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3074:"Radish Recipes"
3069:
3063:
3062:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2847:. Archived from
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2806:
2800:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2744:(4th ed.).
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2630:. Archived from
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2605:. Archived from
2594:
2585:
2569:Peterson, Cass.
2567:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2515:
2488:
2475:
2465:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2431:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:on July 23, 2014
2407:. Archived from
2392:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2274:
2261:
2260:
2240:
2231:
2230:
2198:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2084:(2/3): 127–136.
2073:
2067:
2066:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2017:
1992:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1886:
1872:
1860:
1661:with ground beef
1659:Ginisang Labanos
1608:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1438:
1389:
1373:
1356:
1339:
1322:
1305:
1295:
1262:
1155:
1095:
1094:
1073:
1072:
1043:
1042:
1013:
1012:
940:Winter varieties
860:Raphanus sativus
831:cabbage root fly
775:tomato hornworms
771:cucumber beetles
763:companion plants
736:
735:
731:
728:
722:
721:
717:
672:Raphanus sativus
668:
651:Raphanus sativus
647:
630:Raphanus sativus
626:
607:Raphanus sativus
603:
584:Raphanus sativus
580:
563:Raphanus sativus
559:
538:
514:The radish is a
411:
394:
393:third century BC
373:Raphanus sativus
331:companion plants
245:Raphanus sativus
228:
198:
196:Raphanus sativus
73:
72:
59:
47:
21:
6133:
6132:
6128:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6118:Root vegetables
6093:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6078:
6073:
6065:
6060:
6052:
6047:
6039:
6034:
6026:
6021:
6012:
6011:
6006:
5996:
5989:
5981:
5976:
5968:
5966:
5958:
5953:
5945:
5943:
5935:
5930:
5922:
5917:
5909:
5904:
5896:
5891:
5883:
5878:
5870:
5865:
5857:
5852:
5844:
5839:
5831:
5828:Observation.org
5826:
5818:
5813:
5805:
5803:
5795:
5790:
5782:
5777:
5769:
5764:
5756:
5751:
5743:
5738:
5730:
5729:MichiganFlora:
5728:
5720:
5715:
5707:
5702:
5694:
5689:
5681:
5679:
5671:
5666:
5658:
5653:
5645:
5640:
5632:
5627:
5619:
5614:
5606:
5601:
5593:
5588:
5580:
5575:
5567:
5562:
5554:
5549:
5541:
5536:
5528:
5523:
5515:
5510:
5502:
5500:
5492:
5490:
5482:
5480:
5472:
5467:
5459:
5454:
5446:
5444:
5436:
5434:
5426:
5424:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5381:
5371:
5366:
5344:
5335:Tolfenamic acid
5255:Flufenamic acid
5151:
5058:Resiniferatoxin
5051:Ruta graveolens
4814:Diacyl glycerol
4609:
4593:
4555:
4551:
4531:
4517:
4467:
4453:Tolfenamic acid
4446:Ruta graveolens
4386:Flufenamic acid
4349:
4298:Ruta graveolens
4209:(intracellular)
4170:
4166:Tolfenamic acid
4121:Flufenamic acid
4099:
4075:Diacyl glycerol
4038:
3982:
3668:Cannabichromene
3578:4-Oxo-2-nonenal
3550:
3539:
3499:
3489:
3476:
3468:
3459:
3457:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3400:
3398:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3321:
3319:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3295:
3293:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3265:
3263:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3173:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3087:
3085:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3029:
3027:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3000:
2998:
2983:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2953:
2951:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2852:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2789:
2785:
2771:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2612:
2610:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2578:Wayback Machine
2568:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2517:
2516:
2491:
2485:Wayback Machine
2458:
2451:
2449:
2433:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2365:
2363:
2356:
2345:Vegetable Crops
2341:
2340:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2315:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2264:
2257:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2200:
2199:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2043:Weed Technology
2040:
2039:
2035:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2005:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1964:
1961:
1952:
1951:Multiple colors
1949:
1940:
1937:
1928:
1925:
1916:
1913:
1904:
1901:
1892:
1887:
1878:
1873:
1864:
1861:
1852:
1794:
1771:radish seed oil
1755:
1720:Mexican cuisine
1695:and the enzyme
1648:
1643:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:In a 100-gram (
1576:
1571:
1529:
1516:
1503:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1439:
1409:
1396:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1363:
1354:
1346:
1337:
1329:
1320:
1312:
1303:
1296:
1267:
1256:
1251:
1232:
1227:
1188:
1183:
1150:
1126:
1102:
1084:Korean radishes
1080:Korean radishes
942:
852:
839:
815:
759:
757:Companion plant
733:
729:
726:
724:
719:
715:
714:
686:
676:raphanistroides
536:
469:
442:
406:
392:
365:
282:species complex
250:flowering plant
205:
200:
194:
181:
178:R. sativus
67:
43:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6131:
6129:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6095:
6094:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6080:wfo-0000735144
6071:
6058:
6045:
6032:
6019:
6003:
6001:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5983:wfo-0000402430
5974:
5964:
5951:
5941:
5928:
5915:
5902:
5889:
5876:
5863:
5850:
5837:
5824:
5811:
5801:
5788:
5775:
5762:
5749:
5736:
5726:
5713:
5700:
5687:
5677:
5664:
5651:
5638:
5625:
5612:
5599:
5586:
5573:
5560:
5547:
5534:
5521:
5508:
5498:
5488:
5478:
5465:
5452:
5442:
5432:
5422:
5407:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5368:
5367:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5222:
5212:
5202:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5134:
5129:
5113:
5099:
5089:
5071:
5055:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5025:Dorrigo pepper
5018:
5004:
4997:Phorbol esters
4994:
4989:
4984:
4974:
4964:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4929:
4922:
4917:
4907:
4897:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4857:
4845:
4831:
4826:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4784:
4774:
4767:Cannabidivarin
4764:
4754:
4735:camphor laurel
4728:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4696:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4623:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4578:
4576:
4569:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4481:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4403:
4398:
4396:Mefenamic acid
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4318:
4302:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4089:St John's wort
4082:
4077:
4072:
4069:St John's wort
4061:
4059:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3965:
3955:
3950:
3940:
3935:
3917:
3914:Dorrigo pepper
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3882:
3872:
3862:
3857:
3847:
3842:
3835:Sichuan pepper
3828:
3812:
3807:
3805:Isothiocyanate
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3750:
3745:
3735:
3725:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3698:Cinnamaldehyde
3695:
3685:
3675:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3628:
3618:
3613:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3498:
3497:External links
3495:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3467:
3466:
3437:
3407:
3381:
3355:
3328:
3302:
3272:
3258:. 2009-06-04.
3243:
3212:
3195:Pammis Kitchen
3182:
3150:
3143:
3123:
3116:
3094:
3064:
3057:
3036:
3007:
2981:
2960:
2927:
2900:
2873:
2861:
2831:
2801:
2790:(2002-02-10.)
2783:
2731:
2703:
2674:
2645:
2619:
2586:
2543:
2489:
2476:hosted by the
2438:(March 1938).
2421:
2384:
2372:
2354:
2331:
2313:
2294:
2287:
2262:
2255:
2232:
2188:
2151:
2114:
2111:. p. 139.
2095:
2068:
2049:(1): 212–217.
2033:
2011:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1975:Harvesting red
1974:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1793:
1790:
1754:
1751:
1747:Indian cuisine
1693:glucosinolates
1678:leaf vegetable
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1621:), with other
1591:
1590:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1146:
1125:
1122:
1101:
1098:
1050:Korean cuisine
1004:, also called
941:
938:
937:
936:
933:
930:
923:
920:
917:
914:
907:
904:
901:
898:
887:
851:
848:
838:
835:
814:
811:
758:
755:
685:
682:
679:
678:
669:
662:
658:
657:
648:
641:
640:Oilseed radish
637:
636:
627:
620:
614:
613:
604:
597:
591:
590:
581:
574:
570:
569:
560:
553:
549:
548:
545:
542:
535:
532:
468:
465:
441:
438:
407:first century
377:Southeast Asia
364:
361:
327:isothiocyanate
290:trinomial name
270:leaf vegetable
262:root vegetable
234:
233:
232:
231:
214:
213:
207:
206:
201:
190:
189:
183:
182:
175:
173:
169:
168:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
61:
60:
52:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6130:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6081:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6024:
6020:
6015:
6009:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5992:
5984:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5961:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5942:
5938:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5798:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5723:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5678:
5674:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5495:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5475:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5429:
5423:
5418:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5375:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5351:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5315:Ruthenium red
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5295:Niflumic acid
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5163:α-Spinasterol
5161:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4890:Homocapsaicin
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4803:wild bergamot
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4751:camphor basil
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4616:
4606:
4605:Ruthenium red
4603:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4562:
4552:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4474:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Ruthenium red
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4416:Niflumic acid
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:; indirectly)
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4243:Frescolat MGA
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4177:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:Niflumic acid
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4034:Ruthenium red
4032:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3845:Methylglyoxal
3843:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3718:Cuminaldehyde
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3382:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3329:
3318:on 2014-08-08
3317:
3313:
3306:
3303:
3292:on 2014-08-08
3291:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3273:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3213:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3095:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2964:
2961:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2901:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2874:
2871:, p. 33.
2870:
2865:
2862:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2819:
2815:
2814:GourmetSleuth
2811:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2766:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2732:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2707:
2704:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2678:
2675:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2649:
2646:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2609:on 2014-07-01
2608:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2382:, p. 35.
2381:
2376:
2373:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2176:
2172:
2169:. St. Louis:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1915:White and red
1911:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1890:Korean radish
1885:
1880:
1877:
1876:Gegeol radish
1871:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1655:Filipino dish
1652:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:carbohydrates
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1319:Riboflavin (B
1316:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1204:Dietary fiber
1201:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:Carbohydrates
1175:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1153:Radishes, raw
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1003:
1002:Korean radish
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
946:
939:
934:
931:
928:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
892:
888:
885:
881:
880:
879:
872:
868:
861:
856:
849:
847:
845:
836:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
812:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
756:
754:
752:
742:
738:
711:
707:
702:
699:
690:
683:
677:
673:
670:
667:
663:
660:
659:
656:
652:
649:
646:
642:
639:
638:
635:
631:
628:
625:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:longipinnatus
608:
605:
602:
598:
596:
593:
592:
589:
585:
582:
579:
575:
572:
571:
568:
564:
561:
558:
554:
551:
550:
546:
540:
539:
533:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
509:inflorescence
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
481:brassicaceous
473:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
453:Ibn Wahshiyya
450:
446:
445:Asaph the Jew
439:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
404:
400:
396:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:archeological
362:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:glucosinolate
316:
312:
308:
305:
300:
298:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
246:
241:
227:
223:
222:
218:
217:
215:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
191:
188:
187:Binomial name
184:
180:
179:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:Tracheophytes
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
66:
62:
58:
53:
48:
45:
41:
35:
34:
19:
18:Garden Radish
5994:
5386:
5355:
5354:
5195:Cannabigerol
5166:
5119:
5061:
5049:
5011:black pepper
4971:chili pepper
4904:chili pepper
4894:chili pepper
4885:Hepoxilin B3
4880:Hepoxilin A3
4851:
4823:chili pepper
4781:chili pepper
4722:
4585:
4444:
4371:Clotrimazole
4312:
4296:
4248:Frescolat ML
4156:Progesterone
4065:Adhyperforin
3978:WIN 55,212-2
3971:
3822:
3790:Hepoxilin B3
3785:Hepoxilin A3
3756:
3688:Cannabigerol
3638:
3504:
3478:
3471:Bibliography
3470:
3469:
3458:. Retrieved
3450:StudySpanish
3449:
3440:
3428:. Retrieved
3419:
3410:
3399:. Retrieved
3384:
3372:. Retrieved
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3331:
3320:. Retrieved
3316:the original
3305:
3294:. Retrieved
3290:the original
3275:
3264:. Retrieved
3255:
3246:
3234:. Retrieved
3225:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3194:
3185:
3174:. Retrieved
3165:The Guardian
3163:
3153:
3133:
3126:
3107:
3097:
3086:. Retrieved
3077:
3067:
3044:
3039:
3028:. Retrieved
3019:
3010:
2999:. Retrieved
2971:
2963:
2952:. Retrieved
2943:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2912:. PlantUse.
2903:
2891:. Retrieved
2876:
2864:
2853:. Retrieved
2849:the original
2844:
2834:
2822:. Retrieved
2813:
2804:
2794:
2786:
2754:. Retrieved
2740:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2713:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2684:
2677:
2665:. Retrieved
2655:
2648:
2636:. Retrieved
2632:the original
2622:
2611:. Retrieved
2607:the original
2602:
2581:
2534:. Retrieved
2523:
2450:. Retrieved
2440:
2413:. Retrieved
2409:the original
2400:
2375:
2364:. Retrieved
2344:
2323:. Retrieved
2303:
2297:
2278:
2245:
2210:
2206:
2179:. Retrieved
2167:Plant Finder
2166:
2140:(1): 35–48.
2137:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2104:
2098:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2015:
2007:
2006:
1843:
1834:Citizens of
1833:
1828:
1812:cuisine. In
1795:
1783:
1768:
1744:
1740:
1717:
1690:
1664:
1658:
1594:
1552:
1547:
1435:
1430:
1423:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1246:
1222:
1178:
1127:
1111:
1108:Radish seeds
1087:
1078:) in Korea.
1075:
1045:
1027:
1019:
1016:white radish
1000:
991:
979:
975:
970:
965:
961:
957:
954:black radish
951:
894:
886:very slowly.
876:
859:
840:
826:
819:flea beetles
816:
760:
747:
703:
695:
675:
671:
654:
650:
633:
629:
618:Black radish
610:
606:
587:
583:
573:Green radish
566:
562:
523:
513:
490:pelargonidin
486:anthocyanins
478:
460:
443:
397:
389:Central Asia
372:
366:
334:
301:
296:
292:
256:. Its large
254:Brassicaceae
244:
243:
239:
237:
225:
219:
195:
193:
177:
176:
164:
154:Brassicaceae
127:
114:
101:
88:
44:
31:
6041:kew-2870724
5872:kew-2422375
5753:NatureServe
5668:iNaturalist
5411:Wikispecies
5330:Tivanisiran
5235:Capsazepine
5147:Zucapsaicin
5015:long pepper
4981:Pacific yew
4870:GSK1016790A
4757:Cannabidiol
4743:camphorweed
4431:RQ-00203078
4426:PF-05105679
4366:Capsazepine
4131:GSK2293017A
4095:Substance P
4080:GSK1702934A
4029:PF-04745637
3968:Umbellulone
3889:Pacific yew
3875:Oleocanthal
3854:wintergreen
3815:Ligustilide
3678:Cannabidiol
3643:horseradish
3110:. Penguin.
2824:23 December
2773:|work=
2628:"Trap Crop"
2536:February 5,
1810:South Asian
1786:Oktoberfest
1775:Wild radish
1709:horseradish
1619:Daily Value
1611:food energy
1302:Thiamine (B
1255:0.68 g
1198:1.86 g
1142:South Korea
1086:are called
823:swede midge
803:nasturtiums
779:squash bugs
753:of 90–95%.
684:Cultivation
661:Wild radish
520:chromosomes
467:Description
286:wild radish
144:Brassicales
108:Angiosperms
6097:Categories
6036:Plant List
6028:77159305-1
5967:WisFlora:
5867:Plant List
5491:Calflora:
5225:Cannabinol
5125:pooissonii
5116:Tinyatoxin
5067:pooissonii
5031:Probenecid
5021:Polygodial
4977:Paclitaxel
4961:PAVA spray
4848:Evodiamine
4799:pepperwort
4714:Anandamide
4681:α-Sanshool
4629:Activators
4582:Triptolide
4575:Activators
4487:Activators
4463:TRPM4-IN-5
4381:Elismetrep
4309:stevioside
4237:eucalyptus
4233:Eucalyptol
4197:ADP-ribose
4190:Activators
4126:GSK417651A
4085:Hyperforin
4058:Activators
3938:Tear gases
3910:Polygodial
3900:PF-4840154
3885:Paclitaxel
3753:Dicentrine
3663:Bradykinin
3598:α-Sanshool
3566:Activators
3548:modulators
3460:2014-07-30
3401:2014-07-30
3322:2014-10-01
3296:2014-10-01
3266:2014-07-30
3176:2014-08-13
3088:2011-09-03
3030:2014-08-13
3001:2024-06-21
2954:2024-03-28
2869:Dixon 2007
2855:2008-06-21
2756:2007-09-28
2724:October 2,
2696:October 2,
2667:October 2,
2613:2014-07-30
2452:October 2,
2415:2014-07-29
2380:Dixon 2007
2366:2016-01-10
2325:2016-01-10
2128:R. sativus
2003:References
1939:Sliced red
1753:Other uses
1732:enchiladas
1697:myrosinase
1497:Phosphorus
1231:0.1 g
1208:1.6 g
1187:3.4 g
1124:Production
988:South Asia
698:germinates
655:oleiformis
552:Red radish
457:Maimonides
426:East Asian
383:, central
345:catch crop
323:myrosinase
6067:100349679
6014:Q65956553
5634:200009662
5608:200009662
5590:FloraBase
5501:Cal-IPC:
5356:See also:
5340:TRPV3-74a
5325:SB-705498
5320:SB-366791
5270:Lanthanum
5265:HC-067047
5185:Asivatrep
5046:Rutamarin
4910:Incensole
4860:Gingerols
4829:Estradiol
4805:, others)
4787:Carvacrol
4777:Capsaicin
4671:13-oxoODE
4661:12S-HpETE
4641:5',6'-EET
4441:Rutamarin
4340:Thio-BCTC
4293:Rutamarin
4223:Coolact P
4014:HC-030031
3879:olive oil
3775:Gingerols
3588:12S-HpETE
3430:March 25,
3236:22 August
3205:22 August
2775:ignored (
2765:cite book
2603:EarthWood
2462:cite book
2227:1866-9565
1806:Southeast
1686:mung bean
1615:vitamin C
1510:Potassium
1484:Manganese
1471:Magnesium
1403:Vitamin C
1386:Folate (B
1370:Vitamin B
1336:Niacin (B
837:Varieties
787:trap crop
708:, with a
534:Varieties
502:pinnately
357:sprouting
315:varieties
307:vegetable
284:with the
276:prior to
172:Species:
78:Kingdom:
6108:Raphanus
6103:Radishes
6062:Tropicos
6008:Wikidata
5955:VicFlora
5944:VASCAN:
5932:Tropicos
5792:NSWFlora
5758:2.141517
5709:10204418
5696:288491-1
5538:eFloraSA
5481:BioLib:
5402:Q7224565
5396:Wikidata
5290:NGD-8243
5275:Mavatrep
5260:GRC-6211
5229:cannabis
5219:cannabis
5209:cannabis
5199:cannabis
5180:AMG-9810
5156:Blockers
5137:Vanillin
5132:Tramadol
5096:cannabis
5074:Shogaols
5007:Piperine
4771:cannabis
4761:cannabis
4739:rosemary
4656:12S-HETE
4651:9-oxoODE
4598:Blockers
4548:PI(4,5)P
4536:Blockers
4514:PI(3,5)P
4421:Ononetin
4406:Nicotine
4354:Blockers
4330:fructose
4322:tastants
4268:Linalool
4253:Geraniol
4213:CIM-0216
4104:Blockers
4019:Nicotine
3994:A-967079
3987:Blockers
3947:cannabis
3920:Shogaols
3865:Nicotine
3831:Linalool
3770:Formalin
3732:turmeric
3728:Curcumin
3702:cinnamon
3692:cannabis
3682:cannabis
3672:cannabis
3658:ASP-7663
3616:Acrolein
3454:Archived
3424:Archived
3395:Archived
3374:16 March
3368:Archived
3348:16 March
3342:Archived
3260:Archived
3230:Archived
3199:Archived
3170:Archived
3082:Archived
3024:Archived
2995:Archived
2991:30844154
2948:Archived
2938:(2024).
2914:Archived
2887:Archived
2818:Archived
2750:Archived
2690:Archived
2661:Archived
2574:Archived
2530:Archived
2481:Archived
2446:Archived
2360:Archived
2319:Archived
2213:(2): 8.
2175:Archived
2173:. 2014.
2124:Raphanus
2090:25556085
2063:86661605
1987:Raphanin
1981:See also
1963:Dark red
1822:Japanese
1724:tostadas
1682:sprouted
1671:fusiform
1667:napiform
1617:(18% of
1553:Quantity
1491:0.069 mg
1431:Quantity
1425:Minerals
1380:0.071 mg
1364:0.165 mg
1347:0.254 mg
1330:0.039 mg
1313:0.012 mg
1288:Quantity
1282:Vitamins
1114:siliques
1088:mucheong
1046:Joseonmu
1032:Japanese
588:caudatus
541:Cultivar
506:racemose
494:cyanidin
461:kardanāj
440:Folklore
211:Synonyms
165:Raphanus
150:Family:
121:Eudicots
33:Raphanus
5999:sativus
5937:4100238
5740:MoBotPF
5647:7678610
5525:Ecocrop
5310:RN-9893
5305:RN-1734
5175:AMG-517
5141:vanilla
5110:oregano
5082:Sichuan
5060:(RTX) (
5036:Protons
4999:(e.g.,
4932:Menthol
4914:incense
4834:Eugenol
4791:oregano
4731:Camphor
4699:Allicin
4689:Sichuan
4676:20-HETE
4666:13-HODE
4509:ML2-SA1
4410:tobacco
4361:AMG-333
4334:sucrose
4326:glucose
4324:(e.g.,
4307:(e.g.,
4273:Menthol
4207:Calcium
4023:tobacco
3999:AM-0902
3928:Sichuan
3869:tobacco
3758:Lindera
3635:mustard
3621:Allicin
3606:Sichuan
3583:4,5-EET
3545:channel
2920:14 July
2893:14 July
2181:22 June
1850:Gallery
1792:Culture
1779:biofuel
1705:mustard
1674:taproot
1646:Cooking
1631:protein
1604:⁄
1530:0.28 mg
1465:0.34 mg
1445:Calcium
1410:14.8 mg
1248:Protein
1118:Germany
1068:radish(
1062:danmuji
1038:radish(
927:fuchsia
844:parsnip
795:lettuce
791:chervil
749:with a
732:⁄
718:⁄
710:soil pH
567:sativus
516:diploid
498:rosette
405:of the
363:History
311:pungent
309:with a
297:sativus
295:subsp.
258:taproot
248:) is a
226:sativus
224:subsp.
160:Genus:
140:Order:
82:Plantae
50:Radish
5997:subsp.
5924:2884-2
5911:105558
5880:PLANTS
5846:359073
5804:NZOR:
5745:278044
5582:163125
5556:583801
5469:ARKive
5461:114780
5445:APDB:
5425:AoFP:
5250:DHEA-S
5102:Thymol
5078:ginger
5001:4α-PDD
4864:ginger
4703:garlic
4685:ginger
4646:9-HODE
4543:ML-SI3
4504:ML-SA1
4499:MK6-83
4320:Sweet
4283:PMD 38
4263:Icilin
4116:DHEA-S
4008:celery
3924:ginger
3819:celery
3810:JT-010
3800:Icilin
3779:ginger
3742:celery
3647:wasabi
3639:radish
3625:garlic
3602:ginger
3485:
3141:
3114:
3055:
2989:
2979:
2741:Daikon
2638:24 May
2352:
2311:
2285:
2253:
2225:
2088:
2061:
1996:Turnip
1863:Daikon
1836:Oaxaca
1808:, and
1798:daikon
1738:stew.
1736:Posole
1713:wasabi
1711:, and
1562:95.3 g
1517:233 mg
1194:Sugars
1164:Energy
1140:, and
1130:tonnes
1054:Joseon
1048:). In
1036:Joseon
1028:daikon
1024:Korean
976:daikon
972:Daikon
948:Daikon
911:Sicily
871:Daikon
807:hyssop
801:, and
781:, and
767:aphids
595:Daikon
434:daikon
418:German
387:, and
349:forage
336:daikon
325:, and
266:leaves
240:radish
134:Rosids
5919:SANBI
5885:RASA2
5815:NZPCN
5722:23290
5704:IRMNG
5680:IPA:
5673:55410
5660:30857
5616:FoAO2
5577:EUNIS
5569:RAPSR
5517:4RJXT
5484:39254
5448:78013
5435:APA:
5240:DCDPC
5106:thyme
4842:clove
4838:basil
4795:thyme
4709:AM404
4636:2-APB
4522:SF-22
4494:EVP21
4478:TRPML
4376:DCDPC
4345:WS-12
4111:DCDPC
3962:onion
3839:thyme
3761:spp.)
3722:cumin
3653:AM404
2086:JSTOR
2059:S2CID
2008:Notes
1818:Korea
1814:Japan
1728:sopes
1629:, 1%
1559:Water
1504:20 mg
1478:10 mg
1452:25 mg
1397:25 μg
1138:Japan
1134:China
1076:Waemu
984:India
980:mooli
891:Italy
884:bolts
813:Pests
706:loams
674:var.
653:var.
634:niger
632:var.
609:var.
586:var.
565:var.
547:Name
544:Image
430:China
399:Greek
385:China
381:India
341:cover
304:salad
278:Roman
128:Clade
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
6049:POWO
6023:IPNI
5970:4772
5947:4101
5893:POWO
5854:PfaF
5833:7303
5820:2881
5784:3726
5779:NCBI
5717:ITIS
5691:IPNI
5683:6293
5655:GRIN
5642:GBIF
5595:3062
5564:EPPO
5530:1839
5494:7064
5456:APNI
5438:1279
5428:1841
5245:DHEA
5190:BCTC
5084:and
5041:RhTx
4936:mint
4924:Low
4875:Heat
4809:DHEA
4691:and
4620:TRPV
4566:TRPP
4527:SN-2
4458:TPPO
4277:mint
4218:Cold
4202:BCTC
4181:TRPM
4161:Pyr3
4049:TRPC
3930:and
3608:and
3557:TRPA
3483:ISBN
3432:2023
3376:2019
3350:2019
3238:2018
3207:2018
3139:ISBN
3112:ISBN
3053:ISBN
2987:PMID
2977:ISBN
2922:2018
2895:2018
2826:2016
2777:help
2726:2014
2698:2014
2669:2014
2640:2011
2538:2018
2472:link
2468:link
2454:2014
2350:ISBN
2309:ISBN
2283:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2223:ISSN
2183:2014
1816:and
1802:East
1796:The
1734:and
1641:Uses
1523:Zinc
1458:Iron
1026:(as
986:and
982:(in
799:peas
783:ants
416:. A
401:and
274:Asia
238:The
6075:WFO
5978:WFO
5906:RHS
5766:NBN
5732:673
5629:FoC
5603:FNA
5551:EoL
5512:CoL
4311:) (
3543:TRP
2944:FDA
2719:288
2215:doi
2142:doi
2130:".
2051:doi
2022:doi
1745:In
1669:or
1635:fat
1436:%DV
1408:16%
1293:%DV
1224:Fat
1066:Wae
1058:Wae
1041:조선무
960:or
375:in
353:oil
343:or
6099::
6077::
6064::
6051::
6038::
6025::
6010::
5980::
5957::
5934::
5921::
5908::
5895::
5882::
5869::
5856::
5843::
5830::
5817::
5794::
5781::
5768::
5755::
5742::
5719::
5706::
5693::
5670::
5657::
5644::
5631::
5618::
5605::
5592::
5579::
5566::
5553::
5540::
5527::
5514::
5471::
5458::
5413::
5398::
5361:•
5108:,
5080:,
5013:,
4926:pH
4840:,
4801:,
4797:,
4793:,
4749:,
4745:,
4741:,
4737:,
4687:,
4332:,
4328:,
3926:,
3837:,
3821:,
3645:,
3641:,
3637:,
3604:,
3452:.
3448:.
3422:.
3418:.
3393:.
3284:.
3254:.
3228:.
3224:.
3197:.
3193:.
3168:.
3162:.
3106:.
3080:.
3076:.
3022:.
3018:.
2993:.
2985:.
2946:.
2942:.
2843:.
2816:.
2812:.
2769::
2767:}}
2763:{{
2601:.
2589:^
2580:.
2546:^
2528:.
2522:.
2492:^
2464:}}
2460:{{
2424:^
2403:.
2399:.
2387:^
2358:.
2334:^
2317:.
2265:^
2235:^
2221:.
2211:12
2209:.
2205:.
2191:^
2165:.
2154:^
2138:18
2136:.
2082:23
2080:.
2057:.
2047:27
1804:,
1788:.
1773:.
1765:.
1730:,
1726:,
1715:.
1707:,
1688:.
1657:,
1637:.
1528:3%
1515:8%
1502:2%
1489:3%
1476:2%
1463:2%
1450:2%
1395:6%
1378:4%
1362:3%
1345:2%
1328:3%
1311:1%
1136:,
1120:.
1093:무청
1074:,
1071:왜무
1044:,
1020:mu
1006:mu
846:.
809:.
797:,
793:,
777:,
773:,
769:,
530:.
528:Mb
522:(2
463:.
409:AD
395:.
359:.
321:,
299:.
229:L.
203:L.
130::
117::
104::
91::
5231:)
5227:(
5221:)
5217:(
5211:)
5207:(
5201:)
5197:(
5171:)
5165:(
5143:)
5139:(
5128:)
5123:/
5118:(
5112:)
5104:(
5098:)
5094:(
5088:)
5076:(
5070:)
5065:/
5054:)
5048:(
5027:)
5023:(
5017:)
5009:(
5003:)
4983:)
4979:(
4973:)
4969:(
4963:)
4959:(
4938:)
4934:(
4916:)
4912:(
4906:)
4902:(
4896:)
4892:(
4866:)
4862:(
4856:)
4850:(
4844:)
4836:(
4825:)
4821:(
4789:(
4783:)
4779:(
4773:)
4769:(
4763:)
4759:(
4753:)
4733:(
4727:)
4721:(
4705:)
4701:(
4695:)
4683:(
4590:)
4584:(
4550:2
4516:2
4449:)
4443:(
4412:)
4408:(
4317:)
4301:)
4295:(
4279:)
4275:(
4239:)
4235:(
4091:)
4087:(
4071:)
4067:(
4025:)
4021:(
4010:)
4006:(
3974:)
3970:(
3964:)
3960:(
3949:)
3945:(
3934:)
3922:(
3916:)
3912:(
3891:)
3887:(
3881:)
3877:(
3871:)
3867:(
3856:)
3852:(
3841:)
3833:(
3827:)
3817:(
3781:)
3777:(
3755:(
3744:)
3740:(
3734:)
3730:(
3724:)
3720:(
3704:)
3700:(
3694:)
3690:(
3684:)
3680:(
3674:)
3670:(
3649:)
3633:(
3627:)
3623:(
3612:)
3600:(
3534:e
3527:t
3520:v
3491:.
3463:.
3434:.
3404:.
3378:.
3352:.
3325:.
3299:.
3269:.
3240:.
3209:.
3179:.
3147:.
3120:.
3091:.
3061:.
3033:.
3004:.
2957:.
2924:.
2897:.
2858:.
2828:.
2779:)
2759:.
2728:.
2700:.
2671:.
2642:.
2616:.
2540:.
2474:)
2456:.
2418:.
2369:.
2328:.
2291:.
2259:.
2229:.
2217::
2185:.
2148:.
2144::
2092:.
2065:.
2053::
2030:.
2024::
1842:(
1827:(
1606:2
1602:1
1599:+
1597:3
1589:.
1390:)
1388:9
1372:6
1357:)
1355:5
1340:)
1338:3
1323:)
1321:2
1306:)
1304:1
1090:(
1011:무
1008:(
862:)
825:(
734:2
730:1
727:+
725:1
720:2
716:1
524:n
242:(
42:.
20:)
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