233:, his secretary Mirza Aqa Jan and some others. After their arrival in the garden, Baháʼu'lláh announced his mission and station for the first time to a small group of family and friends. For the next eleven days Baháʼu'lláh received visitors including the governor of Baghdad. Baháʼu'lláh's family was not able to join him until April 30, the ninth day, since the river had risen and made travel to the garden difficult. On the twelfth day of their stay in the garden, Baháʼu'lláh and his family left the garden and started on their travel to Constantinople.
152:
297:) One night during his stay in the Garden of Ridván, Baháʼu'lláh is recorded as having spoken the following words: "Consider these nightingales. So great is their love for these roses, that sleepless from dusk till dawn, they warble their melodies and commune with burning passion with the object of their adoration. How then can those who claim to be afire with the rose-like beauty of the Beloved choose to sleep?" (
244:—known as the "King of Festivals"—celebrated annually by Baháʼís between 21 April and 2 May. Certain days of this festival are tied to major events that took place during the period of Baháʼu'lláh's stay in the garden: the first day celebrates his arrival in the garden; the ninth day, the arrival of his family; and the twelfth day, his caravan's departure towards Constantinople. These three days are major
99:
27:
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210:, arriving in the spring of 1853. Over the next decade in Baghdad, his influence grew to the point where the Persian government feared he might use it to threaten their sovereignty from abroad. In response, the Persian ambassador in Constantinople demanded Baháʼu'lláh be banished from Baghdad, to which the Ottoman government eventually acceded.
138:
were said to sing loudly in the garden, which, together with the fragrance of the roses, "created an atmosphere of beauty and enchantment". By the side of the river, upstream from Najib Pasha's palace, was an open space in the garden where one of Baháʼu'lláh's companions raised a tent for him, around
129:
shows the garden immediately adjacent to the city's citadel, with four avenues meeting at a circular area in the centre. A structure, possibly the garden palace, is located at the edge of the garden near the riverbank. The garden was described as a wooded garden having four "flower-bordered avenues"
142:
In travelling to
Constantinople, Baháʼu'lláh's caravan would take a road that would bring them by the garden, thus it was a logical choice for them stop there in order to assemble and to receive visitors. Access to the garden from the opposite riverbank was possible by way of a ferry across the
169:(governor) of Baghdad from 1842 to 1847, who built the garden and an attached palace in what was originally an agricultural area outside the city. Although Najib Pasha died in May 1851, the garden was presumably in the hands of his heirs when it was used by
496:
184:(1869–1872), who leveled the road leading to the garden and built another road, approximately 400–500 meters in length. The garden was cleared during the early twentieth century, to make way for the Royal Hospital.
106:
The garden was located in a large agricultural area immediately north of the walls of the city of
Baghdad, about 450 metres (1,480 ft) from the city's northern Mu'azzam gate. Located on the eastern bank of the
286:
The love of the nightingale for the rose is a common theme in
Persian literature, particularly in mystic poetry, where the nightingale's yearning is used as a metaphor for the soul's yearning for God. (
493:
130:
lined with roses, which were collected by gardeners during Baháʼu'lláh's stay and piled in the center of his tent to be offered to visitors. "So great would be the heap," the chronicler
950:
330:
produced by the Public Works
Department of the City of Baghdad shows the Royal Hospital on the site where the garden was once located. (National Archives of the United Kingdom)
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Despite its importance to the Baháʼí community, the garden was never owned by the Baháʼís. It was purchased by the government in 1870, and was used as a guest house for
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180:—who was responsible for Baháʼu'lláh's imprisonment and exile—when he visited Iraq in 1870. The park was further developed during the governorship of
891:
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213:
Baháʼu'lláh entered the
Najibiyyih Garden on April 22, 1863, in order to receive visitors and allow his family to prepare for his upcoming trip to
134:
relates, "that when His companions gathered to drink their morning tea in His presence, they would be unable to see each other across it."
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Tigris, as in Baháʼu'lláh's case, or by "floating bridge", as in the case of the governor and other friends who followed.
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Baghdad in the 1850s. The garden is located at the left of this map, above the Tigris River.
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74:. During his stay in this garden, Baháʼu'lláh announced to his followers that he was the
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Garden in
Baghdad, where Baháʼu'lláh, founder of the Baháʼí Faith, announced his mission
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240:("paradise") during his stay, and the name was thereafter applied to the twelve-day
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Ottoman centralization and modernization in the province of
Baghdad, 1831-1872
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which a small village of tents was later raised for the rest of his family.
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Baháʼu'lláh, after being imprisoned in Persia for his involvement with the
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522:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. pp. 213–225.
902:
218:
108:
55:
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83:
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188:, a large complex of teaching hospitals, now stands in its place.
66:, stayed for twelve days from April 21 to May 2, 1863, after the
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593:
70:
exiled him from
Baghdad and before commencing his journey to
159:
The
Najibiyyih Garden, as it was first known, was named for
470:. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust.
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A ground plan drawn in the 1850s by officers of the
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236:It was Baháʼu'lláh who gave the garden the name of
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86:. These events are celebrated annually during the
289:"The Rose and nightingale in Persian literature"
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516:Universal House of Justice (1992). "Notes".
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58:river. It is notable as the location where
1060:1840s establishments in the Ottoman Empire
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546:A Concise Encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith
418:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 259.
305:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 259.
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221:in a small boat accompanied by his sons
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82:, whose coming had been foretold by the
25:
415:The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 1
343:
302:The Revelation of Baháʼu'lláh, Volume 1
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173:, during the period of April–May 1863.
377:Sacred Acts, Sacred Space, Sacred Time
550:. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications.
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454:
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206:community, was exiled to Baghdad by
248:, on which work must be suspended.
46:was a wooded garden in what is now
374:Walbridge, John (2005). "Ridvan".
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21:Garden of Ridván (disambiguation)
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80:He whom God shall make manifest
1:
572:Merrick, David (2009-04-20).
380:. Oxford, UK: George Ronald.
438:Henry Creswicke Rawlinson.
115:neighbourhood of Baghdad's
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783:Universal House of Justice
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951:Socioeconomic development
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412:Taherzadeh, Adib (1976).
299:Taherzadeh, Adib (1976).
111:River in what is now the
30:Garden of Ridván, Baghdad
503:. Ebubekir Ceylan. 2006.
773:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh
751:Some Answered Questions
444:Encyclopædia Britannica
208:Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
94:Location and appearance
956:Progressive revelation
258:Garden of Ridván, Akka
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54:, on the banks of the
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1021:33.34500°N 44.37861°E
898:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh
860:Letters of the Living
574:"The Story of Ridván"
155:Muhammad Najib Pasha.
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269:Notes and references
186:Baghdad Medical City
161:Muhammad Najib Pasha
19:For other uses, see
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231:Mírzá Muhammad ʻAlí
1026:33.34500; 44.37861
840:Hands of the Cause
713:Nineteen Day Feast
542:Smith, P. (1999).
499:2011-05-14 at the
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40:garden of paradise
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217:. He crossed the
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291:. Archived from
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76:messianic figure
36:Garden of Ridván
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625:Baháʼí Faith
584:. Retrieved
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293:the original
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981:Orthography
819:Persecution
757:Other Texts
639:Baháʼu'lláh
227:Mírzá Mihdí
171:Baháʼu'lláh
124:Indian Navy
60:Baháʼu'lláh
38:(literally
1039:Categories
1012:44°22′43″E
1009:33°20′42″N
976:Statistics
971:Prophecies
925:Pilgrimage
915:Síyáh-Chál
586:2011-04-23
338:References
127:(pictured)
961:Cosmology
678:Teachings
993:Category
845:Apostles
809:Timeline
708:Calendar
667:Basics (
497:Archived
464:(1944).
328:1928 map
252:See also
966:Symbols
870:Táhirih
797:History
669:outline
644:The Báb
440:Baghdad
147:History
48:Baghdad
903:Qiblih
881:Places
828:People
814:Bábism
703:Prayer
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238:Ridván
219:Tigris
198:Ridván
192:Ridván
163:, the
109:Tigris
56:Tigris
930:Haifa
855:Bábis
577:(PDF)
274:Notes
42:) or
935:Acre
892:List
698:Laws
552:ISBN
524:ISBN
472:ISBN
420:ISBN
382:ISBN
307:ISBN
229:and
204:Bábí
166:wāli
34:The
84:Báb
78:of
50:'s
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
