44:
478:
57:
486:
363:
In the first year of growth, plants form clumps of round, slightly wrinkled leaves, that when crushed smell like garlic. The plants flower in spring of the next year, producing cross-shaped white flowers in dense clusters. As the flowering stems bloom they elongate into a spike-like shape. When
699:
Native species, including two stem-mining weevils, a stem-mining fly, a leaf-mining fly, a scale insect, two fungi, and aphids (taxonomic identification for all species is pending) were found attacking garlic mustard in North
America. However, their attacks were of little consequence to plant
573:
Today, the chopped leaves are used for flavouring in salads and sauces such as pesto, and sometimes the flowers and fruit are included as well. The leaves, best when young, taste of both garlic and mustard. The seeds are sometimes used in France to season food. Garlic mustard was once used
437:
of green leaves close to the ground; these rosettes remain green through the winter and develop into mature flowering plants the following spring. Second-year plants often grow from 30–100 cm (12–39 in) tall, rarely to 130 cm (51 in) tall. The
671:
being the most important of the two. None of the roughly 76 species that control this plant in its native range has been approved for introduction as of 2018 and federal agencies continue to use more traditional forms of control, such as chemical herbicides.
666:
and has been specifically studied since 2002, continues to be blocked, despite researchers' many petitions for approval. It is currently estimated that adequate control of garlic mustard can be achieved by the introduction of just two weevils, with
695:
may impact tree seedlings in a given environment. Though this plant does have antimicrobial properties, it has an overall weak effect on bacterial communities found in soil, which only occurs under temporally specific conditions.
600:
in 1868. It has since spread all over North
America, apart from the far south of the US and some prairie states and Canadian provinces. It is toxic or unpalatable to many native herbivores, as well as to some native
1254:
Daxenbichler, Melvin E.; Spencer, Gayland F.; Carlson, Diana G.; Rose, Gertrude B.; Brinker, Anita M.; Powell, Richard G. (January 1991). "Glucosinolate composition of seeds from 297 species of wild plants".
649:
were selected as candidates for preliminary testing in the 1990s. Since that time, those studying the candidates have narrowed the list to two or three weevils. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of
450:
are produced in spring and summer in small clusters. Each small flower has four white petals 4–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) broad, arranged in a cross shape. The
562:
In the 17th-century
Britain, it was recommended as a flavouring for salt fish. It can also be made into a sauce for eating with roast lamb or salad. Early European settlers brought the herb to the
842:
Blossey, Bernd; Nuzzo, Victoria A.; Hinz, Hariet L.; Gerber, Esther (August 2002). "Garlic
Mustard". In Van Driesche, Roy; Blossey, Bernd; Hoddle, Mark; Lyon, Suzanne; Reardon, Richard (eds.).
1666:
1093:
749:
658:
in field testing, the importation and release of biological control agents such as those has been repeatedly blocked by the USDA's TAG (Technical
Advisory Group). In particular,
1126:
582:
Young first-year garlic mustard plants contain up to 100ppm cyanide, a level which is toxic to many vertebrates. Once the plant is chopped up the cyanide gas is eliminated.
493:
Sixty-nine insect herbivores and seven fungi are associated with garlic mustard in Europe. The most important groups of natural enemies associated with garlic mustard were
687:) that lay eggs on the plants, as it is related to native mustards but creates chemicals that they are not adapted to. They have also been known to inhibit growth of
2020:
801:
2095:
1712:
596:
Garlic mustard was introduced to North
America by European settlers in the 1800s for culinary and medicinal purposes. The species was recorded as being in
190:
463:
which are released when a silique splits open. A single plant can produce hundreds of seeds, which often scatter several meters from the parent plant.
1505:
2385:
1945:
772:
2398:
2046:
1971:
1101:
2203:
2118:
1160:
591:
889:
364:
flowering is complete, plants produce upright fruits that release seeds in mid-summer. Plants are often found growing along the margins of
1718:
1886:
978:
43:
1958:
995:
675:
In North
America, the plant offers very little wildlife benefits and is toxic to larvae of certain rarer butterfly species (e.g.
2411:
2007:
2513:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2265:
1473:
Becker, R., 2017. Implementing
Biological Control of Garlic Mustard – Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund 2017 RFP.
2182:
2051:
2082:
1041:
Cipollini, Don; Gruner, Bill (19 December 2006). "Cyanide in the
Chemical Arsenal of Garlic Mustard, Alliaria petiolata".
843:
2280:
812:
2359:
2229:
2033:
1801:
880:, Editor Michael W. Davison, Art Editor Neal V. Martin, The Reader's Digest Association Limited, 11 Westferry Circus,
763:
1487:
901:
Saul, Hayley; Madella, Marco; Fischer, Anders; Glykou, Aikaterini; Hartz, Sönke; Craig, Oliver E. (21 August 2013).
2508:
2503:
2424:
2270:
2216:
2100:
1335:
Rodgers, Vikki L.; Wolfe, Benjamin E.; Werden, Leland K.; Finzi, Adrien C. (September 2008). "The invasive species
617:
442:
are stalked, triangular through heart shaped, 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) long (of which about half being the
2528:
56:
2523:
2483:
2221:
2123:
1114:...the cyanide is easily sidestepped by chopping up the plant, which releases most of the gas in a few minutes.
621:
613:
2429:
1445:
1922:
1418:
636:
1927:
1914:
1826:
1772:
1682:
1674:
2518:
1909:
1734:
1516:
852:
532:
624:, as well as south-eastern Canada. It is one of the few invasive herbaceous species able to dominate the
2478:
2403:
477:
173:
1153:
Complete guide to edible wild plants, mushrooms, fruits, and nuts: how to find, identify, and cook them
720:
1976:
2110:
1860:
1725:, Ontario Invasive Plant Council. Biological information and resources for Garlic Mustard in Ontario.
1578:
1348:
1264:
1050:
914:
556:
552:
194:
1901:
2167:
1690:
1097:
857:
683:
198:
2074:
1020:
414:-like odour of the crushed foliage. All parts of the plant, including the roots, have this smell.
2450:
2308:
2208:
1852:
1372:
1074:
206:
51:
2290:
2172:
875:
2025:
531:, although the flowers usually pollinate themselves. In June the pale green caterpillar of the
2372:
2144:
1834:
1645:
1637:
1594:
1364:
1317:
1166:
1156:
1066:
974:
942:
885:
539:) can be found feeding on the long green seed-pods from which it can hardly be distinguished.
341:
1704:
1339:(garlic mustard) increases soil nutrient availability in northern hardwood-conifer forests".
559:
in north-eastern
Germany and Denmark, dating to 4100–3750 BCE, indicate its use in that era.
2149:
1629:
1586:
1474:
1356:
1307:
1272:
1234:
1058:
932:
922:
635:
Of the many natural enemies it has in its native range, several have been tested for use as
609:
471:
443:
434:
1999:
1561:
Wolfe, Benjamin E.; Rodgers, Vikki L.; Stinson, Kristina A.; Pringle, Anne (10 June 2008).
2300:
2131:
677:
329:
94:
1542:
1391:
2195:
1582:
1352:
1268:
1184:
1054:
918:
566:
to use as a garlic-type flavouring. Its traditional medicinal purposes include use as a
485:
455:
is an erect, slender, four-sided capsule 4–5.5 cm (1.6–2.2 in) long, called a
2190:
967:
937:
902:
688:
426:
326:
81:
1562:
1239:
1214:
2472:
1590:
1276:
1127:"Garlic Mustard Monitoring Along the Bruce Trail in the Nottawasaga Valley Watershed"
641:
520:
499:
345:
1376:
1094:"Invasive garlic mustard hurts native species—but its harmful powers wane over time"
1078:
691:. These fungi play many different roles in a forest ecosystem however inhibition by
2455:
2313:
881:
725:(M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
629:
574:
medicinally as a disinfectant or diuretic, and was sometimes used to treat wounds.
504:
333:
140:
2377:
2364:
2351:
1963:
1839:
1806:
1793:
2340:
2234:
927:
2257:
2159:
2087:
2069:
2061:
1984:
1766:
1698:
663:
646:
602:
597:
508:
430:
349:
130:
1783:
903:"Phytoliths in Pottery Reveal the Use of Spice in European Prehistoric Cuisine"
612:
in North America. Since being brought to the United States by settlers, it has
1360:
1062:
625:
459:, green maturing to pale grey brown, containing two rows of small shiny black
446:) and 5–9 cm (2.0–3.5 in) broad, with coarsely toothed margins. The
423:
17:
1891:
1757:
1641:
1598:
1170:
1873:
563:
548:
523:
moth. The small white flowers have a rather unpleasant aroma which attracts
1649:
1368:
1321:
1070:
946:
336:). It is native to Europe, western and central Asia, north-western Africa,
2442:
2247:
2038:
1312:
1291:
2437:
2334:
2242:
1816:
1751:
567:
528:
467:
357:
353:
150:
107:
2136:
1937:
1567:(garlic mustard) inhibits ectomycorrhizal fungi in its introduced range"
2390:
1950:
1847:
456:
337:
1989:
1613:
494:
447:
411:
406:
120:
1728:
1633:
2012:
2416:
1878:
845:
Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States
776:
524:
516:
512:
484:
476:
452:
429:
growing from a deeply growing, thin, whitish taproot scented like
365:
68:
878:
Nature Lover's Library, Field Guide to the Wildflowers of Britain
460:
439:
1865:
1732:
1618:) on bacterial communities in a northern hardwood forest soil"
1715:. Lists general information and resources for Garlic Mustard.
1215:"Isovitexin 6"-O-β-d-glucopyranoside: A feeding deterrent to
27:
Species of flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae
547:
Garlic mustard is one of the oldest spices used in Europe.
1506:"Pest Management Invasive Plant Control – Garlic Mustard (
570:. The herb was also planted as a form of erosion control.
1701:, Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group
1475:
http://www.lccmr.leg.mn/proposals/2017/original/107-d.pdf
466:
Depending upon conditions, garlic mustard flowers either
1446:"FHTET Biological Control Program – Sponsored Projects"
1292:"Variation in the expression of chemical defenses in
1612:
Burke, David J.; Chan, Charlotte R. (January 2010).
996:"Introduced Species Summary Project Garlic Mustard (
2324:
1741:
1510:) USDA NRCS Conservation Practice Job Sheet MN-797"
1392:"Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande"
965:Gualtiero Simonetti (1990). Stanley Schuler (ed.).
628:of North American forests and has thus reduced the
966:
1213:Haribal, Meena; Renwick, J.Alan A. (April 1998).
1711:, National Invasive Species Information Center,
969:Simon & Schuster's Guide to Herbs and Spices
837:
835:
833:
1614:"Effects of the invasive plant garlic mustard (
1488:"Invasive Garlic Mustard: Love It Or Leave It?"
700:performance or reproduction of garlic mustard.
1296:(Brassicaceae) in the field and common garden"
1021:"Plants for a Future: Database Search Results"
616:and expanded its range to include most of the
368:, giving rise to the old British folk name of
870:
868:
8:
1713:United States National Agricultural Library
1132:. Nottawasaga Valley Conservation Authority
1729:
1544:Evaluating Threats to the Rare Butterfly,
42:
31:
1398:. United States Department of Agriculture
1311:
1238:
960:
958:
956:
936:
926:
856:
851:. USDA Forest Service. pp. 365–372.
802:"Invader of the Month – Garlic Mustard –
773:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
709:
715:
713:
639:. Five weevil species from the genus
592:Garlic mustard as an invasive species
7:
2271:ea04cc30-70da-4747-8e92-20a0d9681afa
2111:e55d6d39-2482-4ca2-bf5c-ee919d813c6b
1390:USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team.
433:. In their first years, plants are
1705:Species Profile - Garlic Mustard (
1541:Davis, Samantha (1 January 2015).
1486:Thiele, Rebecca (5 January 2018).
1290:Cipollini, D. (1 September 2002).
481:Close-up of garlic mustard flowers
25:
2222:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1176324-2
752:. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.
586:Invasive species in North America
519:of some moth species such as the
2430:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330039-2
1719:Most Unwanted – Garlic Mustard (
1622:Canadian Journal of Microbiology
1591:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01389.x
1453:FHTET Biological Control Program
55:
1092:Main, Douglas (26 April 2021).
884:, London E144HE, Reprint 2001,
608:The plant is classified as an
372:. Other common names include:
218:(Salisb.) Britten & Rendle
1:
1240:10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00740-1
973:. Simon & Schuster, Inc.
1699:Least Wanted: Garlic Mustard
1277:10.1016/0031-9422(91)85112-d
1155:. FalconGuides. p. 17.
1151:Lyle, Katie Letcher (2010).
928:10.1371/journal.pone.0070583
1425:. Michigan State University
1043:Journal of Chemical Ecology
2545:
1423:Integrated Pest Management
1300:American Journal of Botany
589:
1361:10.1007/s00442-008-1089-8
1063:10.1007/s10886-006-9205-x
637:biological control agents
557:Funnelneck-Beaker culture
474:by a variety of insects.
212:
205:
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
497:(particularly the genus
352:, and east to northern
332:in the mustard family (
537:Anthocharis cardamines
490:
482:
2514:Butterfly food plants
2499:Flora of Central Asia
2494:Flora of Western Asia
2489:Flora of North Africa
1691:Plants for a Future:
1455:. USDA Forest Service
1313:10.3732/ajb.89.9.1422
689:ectomycorrhizal fungi
488:
480:
288:Pallavicinia alliaria
1563:"The invasive plant
1419:"Management Options"
1396:USDA Plants Database
1217:Pieris napi oleracea
729:powo.science.kew.org
543:Cultivation and uses
533:orange tip butterfly
489:garlic mustard seeds
348:, north to northern
306:Sisymbrium truncatum
294:Sisymbrion alliarium
276:Erysimum cordifolium
1683:Flora of Pakistan:
1583:2008JEcol..96..777W
1546:Pieris Virginiensis
1522:on 11 February 2017
1353:2008Oecol.157..459R
1269:1991PChem..30.2623D
1193:Ontario Wildflowers
1098:National Geographic
1055:2006JCEco..33...85C
994:Kleinstein, Debby.
919:2013PLoSO...870583S
693:Alliaria petiolata,
684:Pieris virginiensis
300:Sisymbrium alliaria
2173:Alliaria petiolata
2160:Alliaria_petiolata
1773:Alliaria petiolata
1743:Alliaria petiolata
1721:Alliaria petiolata
1707:Alliaria petiolata
1693:Alliaria petiolata
1685:Alliaria petiolata
1677:Alliaria petiolata
1669:Alliaria petiolata
1616:Alliaria petiolata
1571:Journal of Ecology
1565:Alliaria petiolata
1444:Reardon, Richard.
1337:Alliaria petiolata
1294:Alliaria petiolata
1221:Alliaria petiolata
1187:Alliaria petiolata
998:Alliaria petiolata
804:Alliaria petiolata
723:Alliaria petiolata
551:in pottery of the
491:
483:
398:poor man's mustard
360:in western China.
318:Alliaria petiolata
264:Erysimum alliaceum
258:Crucifera alliaria
183:Alliaria petiolata
36:Alliaria petiolata
2509:Flora of Pakistan
2504:Flora of Xinjiang
2466:
2465:
2145:Open Tree of Life
1735:Taxon identifiers
1508:Alliara petiolata
1162:978-1-59921-887-8
410:", refers to the
400:. The genus name
370:jack-by-the-hedge
314:
313:
282:Hesperis alliaria
270:Erysimum alliaria
260:(L.) E.H.L.Krause
252:Clypeola alliacea
234:Alliaria mathioli
222:Alliaria alliaria
216:Alliaria alliacea
165:A. petiolata
16:(Redirected from
2536:
2529:Medicinal plants
2459:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2419:
2407:
2406:
2394:
2393:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2367:
2355:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2326:Arabis petiolata
2317:
2316:
2304:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2261:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2237:
2225:
2224:
2212:
2211:
2199:
2198:
2186:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2163:
2162:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2091:
2090:
2088:NHMSYS0000455754
2078:
2077:
2065:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2028:
2016:
2015:
2003:
2002:
1993:
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1980:
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1869:
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1809:
1797:
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1787:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1730:
1675:Flora of China:
1667:Flora Europaea:
1654:
1653:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1521:
1515:. Archived from
1514:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1306:(9): 1422–1430.
1287:
1281:
1280:
1263:(8): 2623–2638.
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1233:(7): 1237–1240.
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1104:on 26 April 2021
1100:. Archived from
1089:
1083:
1082:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
991:
985:
984:
972:
962:
951:
950:
940:
930:
898:
892:
872:
863:
862:
860:
850:
839:
828:
827:
825:
823:
817:
811:. Archived from
810:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
781:
775:. Archived from
770:
760:
754:
753:
750:"Flora Europaea"
746:
740:
739:
737:
735:
717:
610:invasive species
515:, including the
472:cross-pollinated
390:jack-in-the-bush
246:Arabis petiolata
228:Alliaria fuchsii
185:
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2524:Leaf vegetables
2484:Flora of Europe
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2376:
2371:
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2348:
2339:
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2333:
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2307:
2299:
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2256:
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2241:
2233:
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2220:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2166:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2132:Observation.org
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2086:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2059:MichiganFlora:
2058:
2050:
2045:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1944:
1936:
1934:
1926:
1921:
1913:
1908:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1838:
1833:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1813:
1805:
1800:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1737:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1634:10.1139/w09-100
1611:
1610:
1606:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1485:
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1480:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1163:
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1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1107:
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1091:
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1086:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
993:
992:
988:
981:
964:
963:
954:
900:
899:
895:
876:Reader's Digest
873:
866:
848:
841:
840:
831:
821:
819:
815:
808:
800:
799:
795:
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660:C. scrobicollis
652:C. scrobicollis
632:of many areas.
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1417:Landis, Doug.
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1347:(3): 459–471.
1327:
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1257:Phytochemistry
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656:C. constrictus
590:Main article:
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468:self-fertilize
427:biennial plant
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323:garlic mustard
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2479:Brassicaceae
2325:
1742:
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1625:
1621:
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1543:
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1524:. Retrieved
1517:the original
1507:
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1459:10 September
1457:. Retrieved
1452:
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1429:10 September
1427:. Retrieved
1422:
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1196:. Retrieved
1192:
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1121:
1113:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:the original
1087:
1049:(1): 85–94.
1046:
1042:
1036:
1024:. Retrieved
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
997:
989:
968:
910:
906:
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882:Canary Wharf
874:
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820:. Retrieved
813:the original
803:
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777:the original
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630:biodiversity
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382:hedge garlic
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334:Brassicaceae
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141:Brassicaceae
114:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
2196:kew-2628680
2070:NatureServe
1985:iNaturalist
1767:Wikispecies
664:monophagous
662:, which is
647:flea beetle
614:naturalized
603:Lepidoptera
598:Long Island
509:butterflies
431:horseradish
418:Description
394:penny hedge
386:sauce-alone
378:garlic root
350:Scandinavia
131:Brassicales
95:Angiosperms
2473:Categories
2288:WisFlora:
2191:Plant List
1824:Calflora:
786:17 October
704:References
626:understory
549:Phytoliths
529:hoverflies
424:herbaceous
302:(L.) Scop.
290:(L.) Cocc.
2341:Q38541634
2013:1176324-2
1928:200009178
1915:200009178
1642:0008-4166
1599:0022-0477
1550:(Thesis).
1492:WOSU News
1341:Oecologia
1171:560560606
853:CiteSeerX
618:Northeast
564:New World
553:Ertebølle
422:It is an
284:(L.) Lam.
224:(L.) Huth
159:Species:
65:Kingdom:
2438:Tropicos
2417:330039-2
2335:Wikidata
2266:VicFlora
2255:VASCAN:
2243:Tropicos
2157:PalDat:
2075:2.127936
2026:10200642
1814:BioLib:
1752:Wikidata
1650:20130698
1377:13475605
1369:18612654
1322:21665743
1079:34736542
1071:17146719
947:23990910
907:PLOS ONE
645:and one
578:Toxicity
568:diuretic
435:rosettes
402:Alliaria
358:Xinjiang
354:Pakistan
344:and the
327:biennial
296:St.-Lag.
207:Synonyms
152:Alliaria
137:Family:
108:Eudicots
2443:4103269
2391:5376077
2248:4100299
1951:5376075
1848:Ecocrop
1758:Q160097
1579:Bibcode
1349:Bibcode
1265:Bibcode
1051:Bibcode
938:3749173
915:Bibcode
622:Midwest
495:weevils
470:or are
457:silique
448:flowers
444:petiole
338:Morocco
325:, is a
266:Salisb.
248:M.Bieb.
191:M.Bieb.
147:Genus:
127:Order:
69:Plantae
2404:311716
2365:198992
2352:184871
2349:APDB:
2204:PLANTS
2150:440662
2108:NZOR:
2101:126270
2052:184481
1938:ALLPET
1935:FoIO:
1902:allpet
1899:FEIS:
1892:163080
1866:596346
1807:150062
1794:140529
1791:APDB:
1648:
1640:
1597:
1526:27 May
1402:13 May
1375:
1367:
1320:
1169:
1159:
1077:
1069:
1026:16 May
1005:19 May
977:
945:
935:
888:
855:
822:21 May
525:midges
517:larvae
511:, and
440:leaves
412:garlic
407:Allium
366:hedges
342:Iberia
321:, or
254:Crantz
242:Bernh.
199:Grande
197:&
195:Cavara
121:Rosids
2298:WoI:
2278:WiO:
2235:41250
2209:ALPE4
2180:PFI:
2119:NZPCN
2021:IRMNG
1997:IPA:
1990:56061
1887:EUNIS
1879:ALAPE
1827:13039
1817:39017
1781:APA:
1520:(PDF)
1513:(PDF)
1449:(PDF)
1373:S2CID
1219:from
1198:3 May
1136:3 May
1130:(PDF)
1108:2 May
1075:S2CID
849:(PDF)
816:(PDF)
809:(PDF)
780:(xls)
769:(xls)
734:1 May
513:moths
461:seeds
453:fruit
308:Dulac
278:Pall.
236:Rupr.
230:Rupr.
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
2425:POWO
2412:IPNI
2399:GRIN
2386:GBIF
2378:G2K8
2360:APNI
2301:1701
2291:2477
2258:3873
2217:POWO
2183:1329
2168:PfaF
2137:6347
2124:4446
2096:NCBI
2047:ITIS
2039:3941
2008:IPNI
2000:3005
1977:2210
1972:GRIN
1959:GISD
1946:GBIF
1874:EPPO
1853:2984
1840:BTPF
1802:APNI
1784:1200
1646:PMID
1638:ISSN
1595:ISSN
1528:2014
1461:2017
1431:2017
1404:2022
1365:PMID
1318:PMID
1200:2018
1167:OCLC
1157:ISBN
1138:2018
1110:2022
1067:PMID
1028:2009
1007:2015
975:ISBN
943:PMID
886:ISBN
824:2009
788:2014
736:2022
681:and
654:and
620:and
555:and
527:and
396:and
356:and
2451:WFO
2373:CoL
2309:WFO
2230:RHS
2083:NBN
2062:598
2034:ISC
1964:406
1923:FoC
1910:FNA
1861:EoL
1835:CoL
1630:doi
1587:doi
1357:doi
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1059:doi
933:PMC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
