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greater Los
Angeles-San Diego, Palm Springs, San Francisco Bay and Lake Tahoe areas. In addition to protected county, state and federal lands existing at the time, EDAW's plan identified a further 330,000 acres for protection. In strong language, it warned against the automobile and foretold the climate crisis. "A new ethical attitude about land use is needed," intoned EDAW's report, "in order to protect the environment for everyone’s benefit."
486:. Gehry credits Eckbo and Simon Eisner, who taught city planning, in encouraging him to follow his "liberal political do-gooder leanings" and apply to Harvard Graduate School of Design for graduate work in city planning: "they also knew I wasn't interested in doing rich guys' houses and that I would be more emotionally inclined toward low-cost housing and planning."
335:, "and from an airplane it looks as if nobody knew what they were doing or where they were building. There's a near total absence of physical community in America today, no sequence of qualitative connections and experiences. What we landscape architects are about is to try to bring some intelligence to that pattern."
514:, a summation of humanistic principles that at the time in the decade of the late 1990s may have seemed novel to a generation that grew up in a very different climate for design in the public realm than the social and economic transformations Eckbo lived through during the Great Depression and post war period.
328:"Today, one finds the center of city or town only by the increasing height of buildings, the increasing clamor of lights and signs, and the increasing congestion of traffic," he wrote. "We still build temples and palaces and many other splendid structures, but they are lost in the modern urban jungle."
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That's the feeling put out by the people who make money by putting it out, in the true spirit of enterprise. What should happen in the next century is a developing understanding of the basic relations between society and nature. There is a social ideal that's badly mangled but still around -- that we
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Mr. Eckbo's great success in doing just that is evident in the more than 1,000 highly varied schemes he produced for clients ranging from migrant farm workers in
California's Central Valley to Gary Cooper in Beverly Hills. But despite his important role in creating a distinctive new style of American
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In other projects, Mr. Eckbo advanced the quintessential
California mode of indoor-outdoor living, casual recreation and the flexible use of space. "In the landscape profession," Mr. Eckbo explained, "small gardens are not seen as our highest aspiration. If you can do a 50-acre park, it must be more
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Eckbo's social inquiry techniques, environmental, landscape and living teachings have continued to exert influence internationally through the practice of the firms he founded, including the large and international EDAW / AECOM and international students at UC Berkeley, such as
Mexican architect and
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In a period in history when suburban sprawl was ascendant, EDAW's open space plan for the state of
California was as innovative as it was provocative. The very idea of an "open space plan" was a novel one. The firm drew up plans to preserve open spaces in danger of encroachment on the fringes of the
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In 1946, Eckbo resettled in Los
Angeles to take advantage of its growing opportunities for private practice. Never a puritan, he threw himself with gusto into defining the landscape of a new American dream. "L.A. is larger, looser, a place of freer movement socially than the Bay Area," he said. "The
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He received numerous awards, including UC Berkeley's
College of Environmental Design Distinguished Alumnus of 1998, the American Society of Landscape Architects Medal of Honor in 1975, the Architectural League of New York's gold medal in 1950 and the American Institute of Architect's merit award in
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in 1964, which in 1973, officially adopted the moniker, EDAW. Guided by a progressive vision of the leadership role of landscape architecture, EDAW became involved in sustainable planning at the regional scale as early as the 1960s when the firm created the
California Urban Metropolitan Open Space
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Mr. Eckbo had a leading hand in planning what many scholars consider the postwar period's finest subdivision scheme, the 256-acre Ladera
Housing Cooperative near Palo Alto. But the project was never fully realized without Federal Housing Authority financing, which was probably withheld because the
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During World War II, the agency shifted its focus to housing for defense workers. Mr. Eckbo designed site plans for 50 such settlements on the West Coast. But peace brought a different public attitude. "There were products we wanted to buy, things we wanted to do, a great outflow of energy, demand
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EDAW also began to work internationally, with projects in New Delhi, India (Lodi Park and the Ford
Foundation Headquarters) and Osaka, Japan (Civic Center) among other locations worldwide. Eckbo famously said: "design shall be dynamic, not static. Design shall be areal, not axial. Design shall be
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Mr. Eckbo's eagerness to experiment during the 1950s was epitomized by his theatrical Beverly Hills swimming pool design for the owner of Cole of California, the bathing suit company. The landscape architect cantilevered a steel beam spanning the width of the pool to support a masonry wall and a
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Those major organizational plantings of Chinese elms, cottonwoods, mulberries, sycamores and other hardy species were softened with magnolias, oaks and olives for shade and almond and plum trees for color. The landscape architect sees nothing extraordinary about going to such trouble for the
258:) asked Eckbo to create a garden containing large amounts of aluminum, for the company's publicity purposes. Aluminum had been widely used during the war years as a component in airplane manufacture, but ALCOA was interested in promoting the metal's peacetime use as well.
361:, where Eckbo taught said Eckbo's books always contained numerous illustrations of his observations and theoretical positions. Some of the illustrations reflected actual projects, others were proposals that Eckbo thought should be real, she said.
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important. But for me the private garden has always been a laboratory for developing new ideas and concepts. Any family that has a quarter-acre backyard has got a real project. Any improvement of any space is a step forward."
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is defined as being carefully planned, richly decorated and being influenced by classical art and architecture. Eckbo graduated with a B.S. in landscape architecture in 1935 and subsequently worked at Armstrong Nurseries in
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Throughout Eckbo's career he maintained his vision of the interaction of art and science to create environments that were functional and livable, while maintaining the social, ecological and cultural approach to design.
194:'s 1939 novel about farmers dislocated by the dust bowl. "The F.S.A. was a remarkable experience because it had the really creative atmosphere a public agency can have if it's not inhibited by some frustrating force."
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Growth in the firm continued apace in the 1970s and '80s, with new satellite offices in Alexandria, Virginia, and Atlanta, Georgia. In 1979 Eckbo left EDAW, the firm he helped to found. EDAW was acquired by
343:, Mr. Eckbo is still not as widely known outside certain practical and academic architectural and landscape circles, although his students and colleagues bear testament to his teachings and humanity.
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Eckbo died on May 14, 2000, after a stroke. He was survived by his wife, Arline, of Oakland; daughters Marilyn Kweskin and Alison Peper of Los Angeles; six grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
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Beginning his studies at Harvard, Eckbo found that the curriculum followed the Beaux-Arts method and was similar to the one at Berkeley but more rigidly entrenched. Eckbo, along with fellow students
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The very successful firm of Eckbo, Royston and Williams designed hundreds of projects including residential gardens, planned community developments, urban plazas, churches and college campuses.
80:. It was during his stay in Norway that he began to focus on his future. Once he returned to the U.S., he worked for several years at various jobs saving money so that he could attend college.
72:, where they struggled financially while he grew up. After Eckbo graduated from high school in 1929, he felt a lack of ambition and direction and went to stay with a wealthy paternal uncle,
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At the request of UC Berkeley's Institute of Governmental Studies, Eckbo wrote "Public Landscape," ranking architectural and planning successes and failures from the public arena.
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landscape design during the expansive postwar years, when his lively, innovative gardens were the horticultural equivalents of the architecture and furniture of Charles and
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Technology Corporation in 2005, whose work continuously strives to include cross-disciplinary work and link environmental and social goals to improve quality of life.
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resisted and began to "explore science, architecture, and art as sources for a modern landscape design." Eckbo began to take architecture classes with the former
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321:"Art emotionalizes the intellect. Science intellectualizes the emotions. Together, they bring order to nature and freedom to man," he wrote in his 1969 book,
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where he designed about a hundred gardens in less than a year. After working at the Nurseries, he was restless to expand his creative horizons and entered
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series of concrete diving platforms that allowed models to swim under the backdrop unnoticed and then emerge like Esther Williams from the deep.
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Leaving the firm in 1979, Eckbo first formed the firm Garrett Eckbo and Associates and finally Eckbo Kay Associates with Kenneth Kay.
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After receiving his MLA degree from Harvard in 1938, Eckbo returned to California where he worked in the San Francisco Office of the
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dispossessed. "You were conscious of social problems that existed, and you tried to think of ways to improve them," he said.
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In 1940, Eckbo joined with his brother–in-law, Edward Williams to form the firm Eckbo and Williams. Five years later
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1953. In 1970, he won an American Society of Landscape Architects' merit award for Lodi Park in New Delhi, India.
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Treib, M & Imbert, D: 'Garrett Eckbo: Modern Landscapes for Living'. University of California Press, 1997.
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331:"Over the years I've done a lot of flying across the country," he said in an interview to Martin Filler of the
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In 1963, he returned to Berkeley to head the department of landscape architecture where he had been a student.
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introduced Eckbo to the idea of the social role in architecture, the link between society and spatial design.
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The alleged guardians of the landscape look at what we call good sense as an intrusion on their prerogatives,
364:"He was always an advocate for the underclass," she said. "Everything he did had a social agenda behind it."
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186:. He applied his modernist ideas to these camps attempting to improve the workers living environments. "'
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Though he gave up designing when he turned 80, he continued to write for several years after, including
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Simon, Libby (Summer 2019). "Eckbo in Wonderland: Housing and Landscaping for the Planned Community".
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Many of Eckbo's gardens accompanied well known leading modernist architect housing design, including
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In 1997, the UC Berkeley Art Museum mounted a "Garrett Eckbo: Landscape for Living" exhibit.
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Garrett Eckbo Collection, Environmental Design Archives, University of California, Berkeley
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as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1994. In 1968, he signed the "
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While Eckbo was at Berkeley he was influenced by two of the programs faculty members,
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Treib, M. (2000). Thomas Church, Garrett Eckbo, and the Postwar California Garden
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Eckbo was also influenced by the works of several abstract painters, including
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should all work together cooperatively. That's a simple and powerful idea.
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and desire. Prosperity is bad for morale," he said. "It makes us greedy."
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182:. He designed camps for the migrant agricultural workers in California's
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Eden: Journal of the California Garden & Landscape History Society
667:"Rare Neutra, Alexander, Eckbo Campus Collaboration May be Demolished"
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1938-44: Housing for migrant workers in California, Arizona and Texas
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He was the chairman of the Department of Landscape Architecture at
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Schwenk, K. (2001). "Garrett Eckbo: Pioneer of Modern Landscape".
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1952: Alcoa Forecast Garden (Eckbo residence), Los Angeles, CA
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years I spent there were the best of my professional life."
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Linda Jewell, professor of landscape architecture at the
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three dimensional, people live in volumes, not planes."
747:"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" January 30, 1968
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Lamprecht, Barbara; Linnert AIA, John (July 17, 2014).
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Landscape Design: a Cultural and Architectural History
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from 1948 to 1956. Among his students were architect
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1947: Ladera Cooperative (architects: John Funk and
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He would eventually form the highly successful firm
689:"ALCOA Forecast Garden, Los Angeles, CA, 1952-1966"
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An aerial view of the landscape at Union Bank Plaza
132:by way of a scholarship competition, which he won.
22:(November 28, 1910 – May 14, 2000) was an American
478:Eckbo taught at the School of Architecture at the
827:Gregory Ain: The Modern Home as Social Commentary
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765:"Landscape Visionary for a New American Dream"
543:republished in 2002 (Hennessey & Ingalls)
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1037:Modernist architects from the United States
916:Francis, M. & Hester, R. T. Jr. (eds):
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715:"The Eckbo Garden: A Landscape of Aluminum"
615:Garrett Eckbo: Modern Landscapes for Living
425:, CA - site bought and house demolished by
934:. New York, NY: Harry Abrams, Inc.; 2001.
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540:"a seminal book in landscape architecture"
439:1962: Long-range development plan for the
254:In 1956, the Aluminum Company of America (
1097:University of California, Berkeley alumni
1077:University of Southern California faculty
903:by Barbara Isenberg/Knopf, April 21, 2009
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719:Environmental Design Archives Exhibitions
469:1970: Tucson Community Center, Tucson, AZ
1082:Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
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1032:American landscape and garden designers
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920:. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 1990.
611:Treib, Marc; Imbert, Dorothée (1996).
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393:1947-48: Community Homes (architect:
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376:1935: Landscape design for architect
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1087:Modernist architecture in California
798:. University of California, Berkeley
647:. American National Biography Online
414:1948: Mar Vista Housing (architect:
763:Filler, Martin (February 2, 1997).
669:. The Cultural Landscape Foundation
312:Writers and Editors War Tax Protest
206:community was racially integrated.
723:University of California, Berkeley
619:. University of California Press.
359:University of California, Berkeley
94:University of California, Berkeley
26:notable for his seminal 1950 book
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1067:People from Cooperstown, New York
794:Maclay, Kathleen (June 8, 2000).
480:University of Southern California
306:In 1964, he was elected into the
1092:20th-century American architects
862:Anguiano, Dani (20 April 2024).
643:Goedeken, E. A. (October 2002).
277:Eckbo, Dean, Austin and Williams
174:Professional work and philosophy
1072:People from Ontario, California
462:1968: Lodhi Garden (architect:
407:1948: Avenel Homes (architect:
92:for a year, he enrolled at the
901:Conversations with Frank Gehry
890:UNM Heritage Preservation Plan
51:Eckbo, Dean, Royston, Williams
16:American architect (1910–2000)
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346:Other books by Eckbo include
190:' was our bible," he said of
537:(Duell, Sloan & Pearce)
180:Farm Security Administration
1052:California people in design
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987:Retrieved August 30, 2004.
695:. University of California
308:National Academy of Design
1057:Activists from California
447:Harrison & Abramovitz
130:Graduate School of Design
830:. Rizzoli Publications.
824:Denzer, Anthony (2008).
441:University of New Mexico
431:Katherine Schwarzenegger
550:Art of Home Landscaping
421:1950: Zimmerman House,
397:), Reseda, CA (unbuilt)
1062:American tax resisters
918:The Meaning of Gardens
585:"Garrett Eckbo | TCLF"
557:Urban Landscape Design
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423:Brentwood, Los Angeles
352:Urban Landscape Design
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98:landscape architecture
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512:People in a Landscape
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62:Cooperstown, New York
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564:The Landscape We See
535:Landscape for Living
497:landscape architect
348:Landscape for Living
323:The Landscape We See
280:Plan for the State.
96:where he majored in
90:Marin Junior College
29:Landscape for Living
729:on January 22, 2015
493:from 1963 to 1969.
466:), New Delhi, India
188:The Grapes of Wrath
113:Beaux Arts-movement
70:Alameda, California
24:landscape architect
996:2012-07-28 at the
911:Additional sources
770:The New York Times
464:Joseph Allen Stein
458:Fresno, California
449:), Los Angeles, CA
418:), Los Angeles, CA
411:), Los Angeles, CA
402:Joseph Allen Stein
378:Edwin Lewis Snyder
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243:2015-01-22 at the
164:László Moholy-Nagy
126:Harvard University
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984:UNM-Quantum 2001.
837:978-0-8478-3062-6
371:Selected projects
213:joined the firm.
160:Wassily Kandinsky
105:H. Leland Vaughan
66:Chicago, Illinois
41:Imogen Cunningham
39:Garrett Eckbo by
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491:UC Berkeley
484:Frank Gehry
454:Fulton Mall
427:Chris Pratt
416:Gregory Ain
409:Gregory Ain
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388:Gregory Ain
122:Los Angeles
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963:0520207793
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256:ALCOA
120:near
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966:ISBN
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429:and
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