254:
250:. Dissension broke out between the Catalans and the partisans of the countess, who accused Nuño of attempting to supplant his nephew in the county. The Provençal aristocracy originally took advantage of the situation for their own ambitious ends, but eventually they lined up behind Garsenda and removed Nuño, who returned to Catalonia. The regency was passed to Garsenda and a regency council was established consisting of the native nobles.
202:. She was named after her mother, who was the heiress of William IV, but predeceased him. Garsenda therefore inherited Forcalquier from her grandfather. She was only thirteen years of age when, in 1193, her grandfather William IV and Alfonso II signed the Treaty of Aix whereby Garsenda would inherit William's county and would marry Alfonso, who was in line to become Count of Provence. The marriage took place at
336:
322:
repeats the rumour (probably unfounded) that he was the countess' lover. Gui, however, was at the Provençal court between 1200 and 1209, pushing the date of the exchange forward a bit. Elias de
Barjols apparently "fell in love" with her as a widow and wrote songs about her "for the rest of his life",
366:, was engaged in a war in France at the time, she brought sixty knights to his service. Garsenda may have been alive as late as 1257, when a certain woman of that name made a donation to a church of St-Jean on the condition that three priests be kept to pray for her soul and that of her husband.
42:
314:. In the poem the countess declares her love for her interlocutor, who then responds courteously but carefully. Under some interpretations the troubadour is
834:
829:
824:
819:
839:
791:
207:
97:
859:
268:
It was probably during her regency (1209/1213 – 1217/1220) that
Garsenda became the focus of a literary circle of poets, though the
215:
849:
844:
351:, Bermond le Cornu. By 1217 or 1220 Garsenda had finally ceded Forcalquier to her son and handed over the reins of government.
227:
854:
743:
707:
642:
623:
602:
Iconographie des sceaux et bulles conservés dans la partie antérieur à 1790 des archives départementales des
Bouches-du-Rhone
874:
864:
780:
155:
85:
343:
In 1220, Guillaume II de Sabran, a nephew of
William IV, who claimed Forcalquier and had been in revolt in the region of
814:
270:
151:
28:
764:
239:
199:
131:
869:
211:
159:
32:
226:
In 1209, both
William IV and Alfonso died and Garsenda became the natural guardian of their son and heir,
162:
in her own right from 1209, which was subsequently united with that of
Provence. She was also a patron of
182:. She was, in the words of her most recent editors, "one of the most powerful women in Occitan history".
809:
771:
363:
879:
359:
686:
261:
231:
163:
718:
310:, that preserve them. It cannot be known therefore who spoke first, but the woman's half begins
247:
739:
703:
638:
619:
348:
92:
653:
678:
315:
275:
121:
253:
243:
203:
195:
143:
111:
596:
47:
658:
Memòries de la Reial Acadèmia
Mallorquina d'Estudis Genealògics, Herà ldics i Històrics
803:
690:
612:
355:
260:
of the Sabran family, as used by
William and Rostaing, hereditary constables of the
335:
324:
257:
171:
302:
of the exchange are found in two different orders in the two chansonniers, called
600:
289:
682:
175:
167:
358:
around 1225. In 1242, she went to visit her newly born great-granddaughter,
344:
191:
106:
669:
Constable, Giles (1957). "The
Disputed Election at Langres in 1138".
654:"FiliaciĂłn de los Montcada que asistieron a la conquista de Mallorca"
298:
235:
190:
Garsenda was the daughter of Rainou (or RĂ©nier), lord of Caylar and
41:
334:
280:
252:
633:
Bruckner, Matilda
Tomaryn; Shepard, Laurie; White, Sarah (1995).
362:, and her parents in Bordeaux. As the father of infant Beatrice,
723:
BoletĂn de la Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona
736:
Medieval Catalan Noble Family: The Montcadas, 1000–1230
347:, was neutralised in part through the mediation of the
242:, but when Peter died in 1213 Sancho became regent of
46:
Garsenda as she appears on her seal, from drawing by
477:
456:
her true will, lest those around her think her base.
327:
also praised her renowned patronage of troubadours.
127:
117:
105:
91:
81:
68:
55:
21:
611:
450:and you'll do both of us great harm if you refuse.
444:Still, in the long run it's you who stands to lose
339:Tomb of Garsenda of Forcalquier, Abbey of La Celle
719:"La casa de Montcada en el Vizcondado de Bearn"
246:and passed Provence and Forcalquier to his son
447:if you're not brave enough to state your case,
206:in July 1193. They had at least two children,
702:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
513:
8:
501:
278:refers to his patron as Alfonso. There is a
390:e platz me molt quar vos destreing m'amors,
753:
101:Garsenda of Provence, Viscountess of BĂ©arn
18:
537:
528:, p. 56, nos. 1 & 2 (plate 28).
525:
489:
470:
380:Vos que.m semblatz dels corals amadors,
296:, and an anonymous troubadour. The two
214:, and bore him two children, including
385:ja non volgra que fossetz tan doptanz;
605:. Vol. 1. Paris: J.-B. Dumoulin.
578:
420:tot so qu'il vol per paor de faillir.
410:e faitz a vos ez a mi gran dampnatge;
354:Garsenda retired to the monastery of
312:Vos q'em semblatz dels corals amadors
7:
405:quar no.us ausatz de preiar enardir,
566:
441:otherwise I'd be the one to suffer.
431:I wish you wouldn't be so hesitant;
395:qu'atressi sui eu per vos malananz.
738:. University of California Press.
478:Bruckner, Shepard & White 1995
400:Ez avetz dan en vostre vulpillatge
150:; c. 1180 – c. 1242/1257) was the
14:
835:13th-century French women writers
428:You're so well-suited as a lover,
637:. New York: Garland Publishing.
415:que ges dompna no ausa descobrir
230:. Initially her brother-in-law,
40:
830:13th-century countesses consort
825:13th-century countesses regnant
820:13th-century French troubadours
453:For a lady doesn't dare uncover
288:(good lady), identified in one
717:Miret i Sans, Joaquim (1902).
635:Songs of the Women Troubadours
323:until he entered a monastery.
1:
776:7 October 1209 – 1217 or 1220
652:Cirera i Prim, Jaume (1954).
216:Gaston VII, Viscount of BĂ©arn
86:Alfonso II, Count of Provence
72:
59:
840:13th-century women composers
198:, and Garsenda, daughter of
618:. Scarborough: Paddington.
434:but I'm glad my love makes
238:of Provence to his brother
896:
860:13th-century women regents
734:Shideler, John C. (1983).
210:and Garsenda, who married
788:
769:
761:
756:
683:10.1017/S0362152900007947
331:Retirement and later life
200:William IV of Forcalquier
174:and is counted among the
170:, and herself wrote some
132:Garsenda I of Forcalquier
39:
26:
212:Guillermo II de Montcada
772:Countess of Forcalquier
698:Cox, Eugene L. (1974).
186:Early life and marriage
160:Countess of Forcalquier
33:Countess of Forcalquier
850:Countesses of Provence
845:13th-century composers
340:
294:la contessa de Proessa
265:
147:
855:Counts of Forcalquier
614:The Women Troubadours
338:
256:
222:Regency and patronage
875:Medieval women poets
865:13th-century regents
364:Henry III of England
152:Countess of Provence
29:Countess of Provence
16:Countess of Provence
815:13th-century deaths
700:The Eagles of Savoy
610:Bogin, Meg (1976).
360:Beatrice of England
264:(late 12th century)
228:Raymond Berengar IV
208:Raymond Berengar IV
180:Garsenda de Proensa
792:Ramon Berenguer IV
581:, pp. 108–09.
549:Variously spelled
514:Cirera i Prim 1954
341:
266:
262:County of Toulouse
232:Peter II of Aragon
164:Occitan literature
158:from 1193 and the
98:Ramon Berenguer IV
798:
797:
789:Succeeded by
502:Miret i Sans 1902
462:
461:
349:Archbishop of Aix
166:, especially the
137:
136:
887:
762:Preceded by
754:
749:
730:
713:
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665:
648:
629:
617:
606:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
547:
541:
535:
529:
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
374:
373:
316:Gui de Cavaillon
276:Elias de Barjols
122:Rainou of Sabran
77:
76: 1242/1257
74:
64:
61:
44:
19:
895:
894:
890:
889:
888:
886:
885:
884:
870:House of Sabran
800:
799:
794:
777:
775:
767:
752:
746:
733:
716:
710:
697:
668:
651:
645:
632:
626:
609:
597:Blancard, Louis
595:
591:
586:
585:
577:
573:
565:
561:
548:
544:
536:
532:
524:
520:
512:
508:
500:
496:
488:
484:
476:
472:
467:
372:
333:
234:, assigned the
224:
204:Aix-en-Provence
196:House of Sabran
188:
154:as the wife of
100:
75:
62:
51:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
893:
891:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
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852:
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842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
802:
801:
796:
795:
790:
787:
768:
763:
759:
758:
757:Regnal titles
751:
750:
744:
731:
714:
708:
695:
666:
664:(1–4): 101–12.
649:
643:
630:
624:
607:
592:
590:
587:
584:
583:
571:
569:, p. 118.
559:
542:
540:, p. 150.
538:Constable 1957
530:
518:
516:, p. 102.
506:
504:, p. 281.
494:
492:, p. 192.
482:
480:, p. 163.
469:
468:
466:
463:
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458:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
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429:
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371:
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332:
329:
223:
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187:
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135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
103:
102:
95:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
70:
66:
65:
57:
53:
52:
48:Louis Blancard
45:
37:
36:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
892:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
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851:
848:
846:
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836:
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831:
828:
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805:
793:
786:
783:
782:
774:
773:
766:
760:
755:
747:
741:
737:
732:
729:(6): 280–303.
728:
724:
720:
715:
711:
705:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
650:
646:
640:
636:
631:
627:
621:
616:
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608:
604:
603:
598:
594:
593:
588:
580:
575:
572:
568:
563:
560:
556:
552:
546:
543:
539:
534:
531:
527:
526:Blancard 1860
522:
519:
515:
510:
507:
503:
498:
495:
491:
490:Shideler 1983
486:
483:
479:
474:
471:
464:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
438:the penitent,
437:
433:
430:
427:
426:
425:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
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197:
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185:
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133:
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99:
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90:
87:
84:
80:
71:
67:
58:
54:
49:
43:
38:
35:
34:
30:
25:
20:
810:1180s births
784:
778:
770:
735:
726:
722:
699:
674:
670:
661:
657:
634:
613:
601:
574:
562:
554:
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545:
533:
521:
509:
497:
485:
473:
435:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
353:
342:
325:Raimon Vidal
319:
311:
307:
303:
297:
293:
285:
279:
269:
267:
258:Coat of arms
248:Nuño Sánchez
225:
189:
179:
172:lyric poetry
139:
138:
27:
290:chansonnier
286:bona dompna
168:troubadours
63: 1180
880:Trobairitz
804:Categories
765:William IV
745:0520045785
709:0691052166
677:: 119–52.
644:0815308175
625:0846701138
579:Bogin 1976
284:between a
176:trobairitz
156:Alfonso II
781:Alfonso I
691:151663893
671:Traditio
599:(1860).
567:Cox 1974
551:comtessa
356:La Celle
345:Sisteron
318:, whose
148:Garsende
140:Garsenda
22:Garsenda
589:Sources
555:contesa
236:regency
194:of the
192:Ansouis
785:(1209)
742:
706:
689:
641:
622:
370:Poetry
299:coblas
244:Aragon
240:Sancho
144:French
128:Mother
118:Father
112:Sabran
82:Spouse
50:(1860)
779:with
687:S2CID
465:Notes
281:tenso
107:House
93:Issue
740:ISBN
704:ISBN
639:ISBN
620:ISBN
320:vida
306:and
271:vida
69:Died
56:Born
679:doi
553:or
436:you
292:as
274:of
178:as
806::
725:.
721:.
685:.
675:13
673:.
660:.
656:.
218:.
146::
73:c.
60:c.
748:.
727:1
712:.
693:.
681::
662:2
647:.
628:.
557:.
308:T
304:F
142:(
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