1502:
Rogers, Mary T.; Armentrout, Peter B. (2016). "Chapter 4. Discriminating
Properties of Alkali Metal Ions Towards the Constituents of Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Conclusions from Gas-Phase and Theoretical Studies". In Astrid, Sigel; Helmut, Sigel; Roland K.O., Sigel (eds.).
461:
Penning ionization refers to the interaction between a gas-phase excited-state atom or molecule G and a target molecule M resulting in the formation of a radical molecular cation M, an electron e, and a neutral gas molecule G:
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Pairwise interactions between alkali metal ions and amino acids, small peptides and nucleobases have been studied theoretically in some detail.
336:
In chemical ionization, ions are produced through the reaction of ions of a reagent gas with other species. Some common reagent gases include:
1520:
436:
where G is the excited state species (indicated by the superscripted asterisk), and M is the species that is ionized by the loss of an
1241:
633:
104:
688:
There are several types of charge-transfer reactions (also known as charge-permutation reactions): partial-charge transfer
1548:
Fundamentals of gas phase ion chemistry, Keith R. Jennings (ed.), Dordrecht, Boston, Kluwer
Academic, 1991, pp. 226–8
1329:
667:
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368:
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170:
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251:
138:
or other ions can occur in the gas phase. These processes are an important component of gas phase ion chemistry.
62:
spheres of 1, 2, 3... solvent molecules can be studied in the gas phase and then extrapolated to bulk solution.
906:
763:
621:
111:
838:
694:
235:
where species A with excess internal energy (indicated by the asterisk) interacts with B to form the ion AB.
76:
81:
Transition state theory is the theory of the rates of elementary reactions which assumes a special type of
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147:
1351:
Gross, M. (2000). "Charge-remote fragmentation: an account of research on mechanisms and applications".
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CID (also called collisionally activated dissociation - CAD) is a method used to fragment molecular
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Cheng C, Gross ML (2000). "Applications and mechanisms of charge-remote fragmentation".
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51:
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Gas Phase Ion
Chemistry Vol 3., Michael T. Bowers, ed., Academic Press, New York, 1983
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43:
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1453:
1424:
1395:
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1265:
Sleno L, Volmer DA (2004). "Ion activation methods for tandem mass spectrometry".
1554:
Gas Phase Ion
Chemistry Vol 2.; Bowers, M.T., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1979
1034:
Aubry, C. (2000). "Correlating thermochemical data for gas-phase ion chemistry".
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in the gas phase. The molecular ions collide with neutral gas molecules such as
98:
1551:
Gas Phase Ion
Chemistry, Michael T. Bowers, ed., Academic Press, New York, 1979
1481:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
1452:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
1423:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
1394:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
1199:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
1146:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
1117:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
1088:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
42:. By far the most important applications for this science is in studying the
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59:
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23:
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1507:. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. Vol. 16. Springer. pp. 103–131.
1224:(2005). "Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID) of Peptides and Proteins".
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680:
in which the cleaved bond is not adjacent to the location of the charge.
647:
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157:
135:
127:
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27:
540:
lower than the internal energy of the excited-state atom or molecule.
643:
444:
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651:
1330:
10.1002/1098-2787(2000)19:6<398::AID-MAS3>3.0.CO;2-B
654:. In the collision some of the kinetic energy is converted into
153:
123:
16:
Field of science concerning ions and molecules in the gas phase
1179:
Chemical
Ionization Mass Spectrometry. I. General Introduction
677:
639:
322:
in which the charge of the ion is transferred to the neutral.
261:
161:
131:
50:
of reactions. For example, one application is in studying the
31:
1069:
Pure & Appl. Chem., Vol. 70, No. 10, pp. 1969–1976, 1998.
152:
Associative ionization is a gas phase reaction in which two
536:
Penning ionization occurs when the target molecule has an
1228:. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 402. pp. 148–85.
238:
One or both of the interacting species may have excess
103:
RRKM theory is used to compute simple estimates of the
909:
841:
766:
697:
553:
471:
371:
273:
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38:
in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of
832:and charge-inversion reaction positive to negative
963:
889:
820:
745:
604:
525:
425:
311:
224:
526:{\displaystyle G^{*}+M\to M^{+\bullet }+e^{-}+G}
426:{\displaystyle G^{*}+M\to M^{+\bullet }+e^{-}+G}
134:by adding or removing charged particles such as
1396:charge-transfer reaction (in mass spectrometry)
605:{\displaystyle G^{*}+M\to MG^{+\bullet }+e^{-}}
225:{\displaystyle A^{*}+B\to AB^{+\bullet }+e^{-}}
22:is a field of science encompassed within both
995:Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry
447:(indicated by the superscripted "plus-dot").
8:
624:reactions that take place in the gas phase.
1353:International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
1036:International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
85:(quasi-equilibrium) between reactants and
1505:The Alkali Metal Ions: Their Role in Life
964:{\displaystyle A^{-}+B\to A^{+}+B+2e^{-}}
955:
933:
914:
908:
878:
865:
846:
840:
821:{\displaystyle A^{+}+B\to A^{2+}+B+e^{-}}
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702:
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672:Charge remote fragmentation is a type of
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476:
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395:
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256:Charge-exchange ionization (also called
1026:
890:{\displaystyle A^{+}+B\to A^{-}+B^{2+}}
746:{\displaystyle A^{2+}+B\to A^{+}+B^{+}}
362:Chemi-ionization can be represented by
1569:http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ion/
260:) is a gas phase reaction between an
7:
676:breaking that occurs in a gas phase
544:Penning ionization can also occur:
1478:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1449:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1420:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1391:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1196:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1143:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1114:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
1085:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
312:{\displaystyle A^{+}+B\to A+B^{+}}
160:interact to form a single product
110:from a few characteristics of the
14:
30:. It is the science that studies
658:which results in fragmentation.
1483:charge-inversion mass spectrum
926:
858:
783:
717:
634:Collision-induced dissociation
628:Collision-induced dissociation
570:
488:
388:
290:
190:
105:unimolecular ion decomposition
1:
1373:10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00372-9
1234:10.1016/S0076-6879(05)02005-7
1056:10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00323-7
122:The process of converting an
1267:Journal of Mass Spectrometry
1226:Biological Mass Spectrometry
1166:Munson, M.S.B.; Field, F.H.
1513:10.1007/978-3-319-21756-7_4
1425:charge-permutation reaction
668:Charge remote fragmentation
662:Charge remote fragmentation
1600:
1148:charge-exchange ionization
757:charge-stripping reaction
665:
631:
454:
355:
329:
258:charge-transfer ionization
252:Charge-exchange ionization
249:
246:Charge-exchange ionization
145:
96:
74:
1454:charge-stripping reaction
900:and negative to positive
684:Charge transfer reactions
620:There are many important
58:of ions. Ions with small
112:potential energy surface
1491:10.1351/goldbook.C00992
1462:10.1351/goldbook.C01001
1433:10.1351/goldbook.M04002
1404:10.1351/goldbook.C01005
1209:10.1351/goldbook.P04476
1156:10.1351/goldbook.C00989
1127:10.1351/goldbook.A00475
1098:10.1351/goldbook.T06470
1090:Transition State Theory
264:and a neutral species
118:Gas phase ion formation
77:Transition state theory
71:Transition state theory
20:Gas phase ion chemistry
1119:associative ionization
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148:Associative ionization
142:Associative ionization
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990:Adiabatic ionization
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538:ionization potential
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83:chemical equilibrium
1365:2000IJMSp.200..611G
1322:2000MSRv...19..398C
1279:2004JMSp...39.1091S
1201:Penning gas mixture
1048:2000IJMSp.200..277A
332:chemical ionization
326:Chemical ionization
87:activated complexes
961:
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743:
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457:Penning ionization
451:Penning ionization
423:
309:
222:
1584:Mass spectrometry
1522:978-3-319-21755-0
1310:Mass Spectrom Rev
1168:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1005:Michael T. Bowers
40:mass spectrometry
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674:covalent bond
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979:
976:Applications
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622:dissociation
619:
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440:to form the
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257:
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121:
102:
80:
19:
18:
1222:McLuckey SA
542:Associative
99:RRKM theory
93:RRKM theory
1220:Wells JM,
1021:References
957:−
927:→
916:−
867:−
859:→
814:−
784:→
718:→
598:−
585:∙
571:→
560:∗
513:−
500:∙
489:→
478:∗
413:−
400:∙
389:→
378:∗
346:isobutane
291:→
218:−
205:∙
191:→
180:∗
158:molecules
136:electrons
60:solvation
56:solvation
36:molecules
24:chemistry
1578:Category
1531:26860300
1338:11199379
1295:15481084
1252:16401509
984:See also
648:nitrogen
438:electron
130:into an
128:molecule
48:kinetics
1361:Bibcode
1318:Bibcode
1275:Bibcode
1044:Bibcode
442:radical
342:ammonia
338:methane
54:of the
28:physics
1529:
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644:helium
445:cation
344:, and
66:Theory
1473:IUPAC
1444:IUPAC
1415:IUPAC
1386:IUPAC
1191:IUPAC
1138:IUPAC
1109:IUPAC
1080:IUPAC
652:argon
650:, or
154:atoms
1527:PMID
1517:ISBN
1334:PMID
1291:PMID
1248:PMID
1238:ISBN
1171:1966
640:ions
124:atom
46:and
34:and
32:ions
26:and
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924:B
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876:B
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715:B
712:+
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594:e
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582:+
578:G
574:M
568:M
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521:G
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294:A
288:B
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214:e
210:+
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198:B
194:A
188:B
185:+
176:A
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