407:
350:, who also stole precious metals and lapis lazuli from it and destroyed statues displayed in it. Despite her apparent importance in Lagash, Gatumdug is ultimately relatively sparsely attested in Early Dynastic sources. She was also not invoked in
433:. She is the first of the deities the eponymous ruler consults regarding the meaning of his dreams. In his inquiry he refers to her as his mother and father. She subsequently provides the bricks needed for his construction project.
1086:
342:. The first of these rulers also erected a statue representing her. Bendt Alster pointed out that the inscription commemorating this event, which also mentions statues of Nanshe and
406:
394:. A temple dedicated to her continued to operate. Various offerings were made to her, including butter, cheese, flour and dates. A bead dedicated to her for the life of king
1254:
259:
346:, is the oldest known text to directly mention anthropomorphic statues of deities. Sources from Lagash state that the temple was set on fire by
373:. He also dedicated a statue representing him as an architect to her in the same city. According to another of his inscriptions she assigned a
1196:
1175:
1099:
1075:
1048:
1001:
982:
1117:
Notizia, Palmiro (2021). "Institutional
Lending Practices in the Ur III Period (ca. 2110–2003 BCE): the še ur₅-ra-Loans from Ĝirsu-Lagaš".
1292:
369:. He referred to himself as her child. One of his year names refers to the construction of a temple dedicated to her. It was located in
286:
173:
310:
points out that in Early
Dynastic sources from the state of Lagash, she received offerings in the city of Lagash itself as well as in
1223:
950:
969:
191:, designated her as their divine mother, though for other rulers of this state role was fulfilled by a different local goddess,
1277:
1282:
971:
Goddesses in
Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources
1297:
144:
The meaning of
Gatumdug's name is unknown, though it is presumed that it can be classified as linguistically
438:
132:
470:
326:, who in turn did not receive offerings in the former two of these three cities. The construction of a
300:
227:
99:
443:
1260:
446:, Gatumdug is one of the goddesses who abandon their cult centers during the described disaster.
1216:
An experienced scribe who neglects nothing: ancient Near
Eastern studies in honor of Jacob Klein
943:
An experienced scribe who neglects nothing: ancient Near
Eastern studies in honor of Jacob Klein
1249:
379:(tutelary protective deity) to him. Passages alluding to this event are considered evidence of
1229:
1219:
1202:
1192:
1171:
1144:
1105:
1095:
1071:
1044:
1028:
997:
978:
956:
946:
458:
454:
145:
68:
247:(tablet V, line 62). In an early example of a syncretic hymn, the Old Babylonian composition
1163:
1134:
1126:
1063:
1036:
165:
110:
and closely associated with its kings. She was initially worshiped only in this city and in
1287:
474:
419:
351:
266:
177:
127:
126:. She appears in a number of literary compositions, including the hymn inscribed on the
305:
232:
103:
1271:
427:
391:
347:
327:
323:
223:
192:
119:
1088:
A reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian god lists, AN:A-nu-um and AN:Anu šá Ameli
311:
296:
111:
52:
1011:
384:
1214:
Westenholz, Joan G. (2005). "Sing a Song for Šulgi". In Sefati, Yitzhak (ed.).
383:
being regarded as separate from a personal deity, as it is well attested that
291:
243:
238:
184:
1148:
1109:
241:
in later sources. A direct equation between them is attested in the god list
1233:
1206:
960:
450:
343:
331:
204:
200:
91:
1062:. RIM. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. University of Toronto Press.
1035:. RIM. The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. University of Toronto Press.
1167:
1067:
1040:
994:
Gods, Demons and
Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary
1130:
423:
395:
339:
335:
249:
188:
1139:
17:
1188:
Untersuchungen zur Götterwelt des altsumerischen
Stadtstaates von Lagaš
479:
430:
375:
196:
941:
Alster, Bendt (2005). "Nanše and Her Fish". In Sefati, Yitzhak (ed.).
502:
500:
498:
496:
466:
462:
411:
315:
282:
214:, variously translated as "holy", "sacred", "lustrous" or "shining".
169:
149:
107:
40:
1186:
1157:
405:
370:
366:
319:
123:
115:
56:
1191:(in German). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum.
270:
1119:
Zeitschrift für
Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie
1250:
The building of Ninĝirsu's temple (Gudea, cylinders A and B)
222:
It has been suggested in past scholarship that
Gatumdug and
262:), Gatumdug is instead equated with the eponymous goddess.
609:
607:
330:
dedicated to Gatumdug is mentioned in the inscriptions of
787:
785:
354:
in this period. Attested members of her clergy include a
172:, and could be metaphorically described as its mother in
664:
662:
660:
658:
517:
515:
851:
776:
764:
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586:
574:
562:
534:
532:
530:
506:
365:
Gatumdug retained her importance under the reign of
968:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Westenholz, Joan G. (2013).
449:An indirect late reference to Gatumdug occurs in a
418:Gatumdug is mentioned in the text inscribed on the
237:considers this implausible. However, they could be
47:
32:
299:, where she is described as its tutelary goddess.
180:she is addressed as its divine founder as well.
473:. It is attributed to an individual bearing the
226:were initially two names of the same deity, but
1255:Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature
207:). Gatumdug could be described with the term
183:Some of the early Lagashite kings, including
8:
1159:The Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur
923:
911:
899:
613:
390:Gatumdug continued to be worshiped in the
1138:
1094:. New Haven: Yale Babylonian Collection.
422:, a hymn commemorating the rebuilding of
803:
791:
492:
1125:(2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 154–183.
992:Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992),
863:
839:
827:
815:
752:
740:
728:
716:
649:
521:
314:(during festivals of its city goddess
176:sources. In the hymn inscribed on the
29:
887:
875:
625:
550:
7:
692:
680:
668:
598:
538:
398:by a certain E-ḫegal is also known.
269:Gatumdug is addressed as a child of
1261:Ninisina and the gods (Ninisina F)
281:Gatumdug was already worshiped in
25:
852:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
777:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
765:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
705:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
638:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
587:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
575:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
563:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
507:Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013
442:, composed after the fall of the
387:played this role for said ruler.
195:, as attested as in the case of
1162:. Penn State University Press.
218:Associations with other deities
1:
477:Ur-Gatumdug, addressed as an
358:(temple administrator) and a
1060:Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC)
1016:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
996:, The British Museum Press,
289:. She appears in one of the
1218:. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press.
977:. Academic Press Fribourg.
945:. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press.
322:, the city associated with
1314:
1293:Mythological city founders
1085:Litke, Richard L. (1998).
114:, but during the reign of
72:
1185:Selz, Gebhard J. (1995).
37:
1058:Frayne, Douglas (1997).
1010:Ebeling, Erich (1971),
465:. It was discovered in
439:Lament for Sumer and Ur
133:Lament for Sumer and Ur
1278:Mesopotamian goddesses
614:Black & Green 1992
415:
1168:10.1515/9781575068831
1068:10.3138/9781442657069
1041:10.3138/9781442675551
1033:Gudea and his Dynasty
471:Old Babylonian period
409:
287:Early Dynastic period
122:was built for her in
1156:Samet, Nili (2014).
1131:10.1515/za-2022-0001
100:Mesopotamian goddess
39:Tutelary goddess of
27:Mesopotamian goddess
914:, pp. 344–345.
902:, pp. 371=372.
854:, pp. 220–221.
818:, pp. 390–391.
806:, pp. 163–164.
683:, pp. 135–136.
444:Third Dynasty of Ur
1283:Tutelary goddesses
1029:Edzard, Dietz-Otto
416:
140:Name and character
1198:978-0-924171-00-0
1177:978-1-57506-883-1
1101:978-0-9667495-0-2
1077:978-1-4426-5706-9
1050:978-1-4426-7555-1
1003:978-0-7141-1705-8
984:978-3-7278-1738-0
830:, pp. 70–71.
640:, pp. 85–86.
469:and dates to the
410:Gudea cylinders.
62:
61:
48:Major cult center
16:(Redirected from
1305:
1298:Mother goddesses
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352:theophoric names
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166:tutelary goddess
102:regarded as the
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475:theophoric name
420:Gudea cylinders
404:
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301:Gebhard J. Selz
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267:Gudea cylinders
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228:Gebhard J. Selz
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178:Gudea cylinders
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128:Gudea cylinders
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1243:External links
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318:), but not in
295:discovered in
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174:Early Dynastic
164:. She was the
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583:
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577:, p. 59.
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552:
547:
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524:, p. 16.
523:
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402:In literature
401:
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392:Ur III period
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19:
1264:in the ETCSL
1259:
1248:
1215:
1187:
1158:
1140:11585/905052
1122:
1118:
1087:
1059:
1032:
1019:, retrieved
1015:
993:
970:
942:
934:Bibliography
919:
907:
895:
883:
878:, p. 5.
871:
859:
847:
835:
823:
811:
804:Notizia 2021
799:
792:Ebeling 1971
772:
760:
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437:
435:
417:
389:
380:
374:
364:
359:
355:
297:Abu Salabikh
290:
280:
264:
255:
252:and the gods
248:
242:
221:
208:
182:
153:
143:
131:
95:
76:
64:
63:
864:Edzard 1997
840:Edzard 1997
828:Edzard 1997
816:Frayne 1997
753:Edzard 1997
741:Edzard 1997
729:Edzard 1997
717:Edzard 1997
650:Edzard 1997
522:Alster 2005
385:Ningishzida
362:priestess.
348:Lugalzagesi
304: [
239:syncretised
231: [
1272:Categories
1021:2021-08-07
1012:"Gatumdug"
888:Samet 2014
876:Samet 2014
626:Litke 1998
551:Samet 2014
487:References
461:) hymn to
360:nin-dingir
292:Zame Hymns
256:Ninisina F
185:Enanatum I
1149:0084-5299
1110:470337605
693:Selz 1995
681:Selz 1995
669:Selz 1995
599:Selz 1995
539:Selz 1995
451:bilingual
332:Ur-Nanshe
244:An = Anum
205:Urukagina
201:Lugalanda
152:form was
92:romanized
1234:56414097
1207:33334960
1031:(1997).
961:56414097
459:Akkadian
424:Ningirsu
396:Ibbi-Sin
344:Shulsaga
340:Entemena
336:Eannatum
250:Ninisina
189:Enmetena
146:Sumerian
98:) was a
73:𒀭𒂷𒉐𒄭
69:Sumerian
65:Gatumdug
51:Lagash,
33:Gatumdug
18:Gatumdag
1253:in the
480:apkallu
436:In the
431:E-ninnu
285:in the
277:Worship
265:On the
258:in the
197:Eanatum
96:Gatumdu
90:; also
1288:Lagash
1232:
1222:
1205:
1195:
1174:
1147:
1108:
1098:
1074:
1047:
1000:
981:
959:
949:
467:Nippur
463:Shulgi
455:Sumero
428:temple
412:Louvre
328:temple
316:Nanshe
283:Lagash
170:Lagash
150:emesal
148:. Its
120:temple
108:Lagash
41:Lagash
1092:(PDF)
975:(PDF)
381:lamma
376:lamma
371:Girsu
367:Gudea
356:sanga
320:Girsu
308:]
260:ETCSL
235:]
154:ma-ze
124:Girsu
116:Gudea
57:Girsu
1230:OCLC
1220:ISBN
1203:OCLC
1193:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1145:ISSN
1106:OCLC
1096:ISBN
1072:ISBN
1045:ISBN
998:ISBN
979:ISBN
957:OCLC
947:ISBN
338:and
312:NINA
203:and
187:and
130:and
112:NINA
85:-dug
81:-tum
53:NINA
1164:doi
1135:hdl
1127:doi
1123:112
1064:doi
1037:doi
426:'s
324:Bau
224:Bau
193:Bau
168:of
162:-be
158:-ze
106:of
94:as
1274::
1228:.
1201:.
1170:.
1143:.
1133:.
1121:.
1104:.
1070:.
1043:.
1014:,
955:.
784:^
657:^
606:^
529:^
514:^
495:^
483:.
334:,
306:de
273:.
271:An
233:de
209:ku
199:,
136:.
118:a
77:Ĝa
75:;
71::
55:,
1236:.
1209:.
1180:.
1166::
1151:.
1137::
1129::
1112:.
1080:.
1066::
1053:.
1039::
987:.
963:.
457:-
453:(
414:.
254:(
211:3
160:2
156:2
87:3
83:3
79:2
67:(
20:)
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