499:
1316:
860:. Indeed, a typical adult loon is likely to have several mates during its lifetime because of territorial takeover. Each breeding pair must frequently defend its territory against "floaters" (territory-less adults) trying to evict at least one owner and seize the breeding site. Territories that have produced chicks in the past year are especially prone to takeovers, because nonbreeding loons use chicks as cues to indicate high-quality territories. One-third of all territorial evictions among males result in the death of the owner; in contrast, female loons usually survive. Birds that are displaced from a territory but survive usually try to re-mate and (re)claim a breeding territory later in life.
776:
468:
127:
1415:
630:) can take off from land. Once airborne, loons are capable of long flights during migration. Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, who have implanted satellite transmitters in some individuals, have recorded daily flights of up to 1078 km in a 24-hour period, which probably resulted from single movements. North European loons migrate primarily via the South Baltic and directly over land to the Black Sea or Mediterranean. Loons can live as long as 30 years and can hold their breath for as long as 90 seconds while underwater.
1341:
515:
812:
788:
876:
534:
153:
6081:
5781:
1879:
5805:
1393:
6093:
800:
834:, able to swim and dive right away, but will often ride on their parents' back during their first two weeks to rest, conserve heat, and avoid predators. Chicks are fed mainly by their parents for about six weeks but gradually begin to feed themselves over time. By 11 or 12 weeks, chicks gather almost all of their own food and have begun to fly. In 2019, a necropsy of a
5817:
1363:
5793:
6069:
599:
769:
grass, moss and mud. Sometimes, nest material is almost lacking. Both male and female build the nest and incubate jointly for 28 days. If the eggs are lost, the pair may re-nest, usually in a different location. Since the nest is very close to the water, rising water may induce the birds to slowly move the nest upwards, over a metre.
822:
Despite the roughly equal participation of the sexes in nest building and incubation, analysis has shown clearly that males alone select the location of the nest. This pattern has the important consequence that male loons, but not females, establish significant site-familiarity with their territories
633:
Loons are migratory birds, and in the winter months they move from their northern freshwater lake nesting habitats to southern marine coastlines. They are well-adapted to this change in salinity, however, because they have special salt glands located directly above their eyes. These glands filter out
570:
Males are larger on average, but relative size is only apparent when the male and female are together. In winter, plumage is dark grey above, with some indistinct lighter mottling on the wings, and a white chin, throat and underside. The specific species can then be distinguished by certain features,
614:
Loons are excellent swimmers, using their feet to propel themselves above and under water. However, since their feet are located far back on the body, loons have difficulty walking on land, though they can effectively run short distances to reach water when frightened. Thus, loons avoid coming to
768:
Loons mate on land, often on the future nest site, and build their nests close to the water, preferring sites that are completely surrounded by water such as islands or emergent vegetation. Loons use a variety of materials to build their nests including aquatic vegetation, pine needles, leaves,
760:
Loons nest during the summer on freshwater lakes and/or large ponds. Smaller bodies of water (up to 0.5 km) will usually only have one pair. Larger lakes may have more than one pair, with each pair occupying a bay or section of the lake. The red-throated loon, however, may nest colonially,
863:
In 2020, a loon hatched for the first time in over a century in
Southeastern Massachusetts at Fall River, the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife and Biodiversity Research Institute. The chicks were relocated in 2015 with the hopes of re-establishing breeding and nesting patterns.
457:(Phalacrocoracidae), but can be distinguished from them by their distinct call. Cormorants are not-too-distant relatives of loons, and like them are heavy-set birds whose bellies, unlike those of ducks and geese, are submerged when swimming. Loons in flight resemble plump geese with
571:
such as the size and colour of the head, neck, back and bill. But reliable identification of loons in winter is often difficult even for experts – particularly as the smaller immature birds look similar to winter-plumage adults, making size an unreliable means of identification.
467:
605:
604:
601:
600:
606:
2440:
Evers, David C., James D. Paruk, Judith W. Mcintyre and Jack F. Barr. 2010. Common Loon (Gavia immer), The Birds of North
America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online:
914:
The
European Anglophone name "diver" comes from the bird's habit of catching fish by swimming calmly along the surface and then abruptly plunging into the water. The North American name "loon" likely comes from either the Old English word
603:
461:' wings that are relatively small in proportion to their bulky bodies. The bird points its head slightly upwards while swimming, but less so than cormorants. In flight, the head droops more than in similar aquatic birds.
498:
352:
567:) – but is distinct from most cormorants, which rarely have white feathers, and if so, usually as large rounded patches rather than delicate patterns. All species of loons have a spear-shaped bill.
2703:
Piper, W. H.; Evers, D. C.; Meyer, M. W.; Tischler, K. B.; Klich, M. (2000). "Do common loons mate for life?: scientific investigation of a widespread myth.". In McIntyre, J.; Evers, D. C. (eds.).
634:
salts in their blood and flush this salty solution out through their nasal passages, which allows them to immediately consume fish from oceans and drink saltwater after their long migration.
622:(mass to wing area ratio), which complicates takeoff. Indeed, most species must run upwind across the water's surface with wings flapping to generate sufficient lift to take flight. Only the
514:
602:
1863:, and about as many undescribed ones await further study. The genus is known from the Early Miocene onwards, and the oldest members are rather small (some are smaller than the
3770:
2979:
1038:
823:
that allows them to produce more chicks there over time. Sex-biased site-familiarity might explain, in part, why resident males fight so hard to defend their territories.
1053:
in 1788, as the valid genus name for the loons. However, the situation was not completely resolved even then, and the following year the ICZN had to act again to prevent
4693:
705:
of crustaceans and the bones of frogs and salamanders. The gastroliths may also be involved in stomach cleaning as an aid to regurgitation of indigestible food parts.
582:
after shedding the first one, rather than growing juvenile feathers with downy tips that wear off, as is typical in many birds. This trait is also found in tubenoses (
971:). This small sea-duck is quite unrelated to loons and just happens to be another black-and-white seabird which swims and dives for fish. It is not likely that the
6404:
6296:
2875:
2984:"The family-group names "Gaviidae" Coues, 1903 and "Urinatoridae" (correction of "Urinatores)" Vieillot, 1818 (Class Aves) – "Opinion" 401 and "Direction" 75"
3883:
3661:
838:
found floating on a Maine lake (beside the floating body of a loon chick) found that the eagle had been stabbed through the heart by an adult loon's beak.
775:
3632:
678:. They prefer clear lakes because they can more easily see their prey through the water. The loon uses its pointy bill to stab or grasp prey. They eat
6389:
6244:
1936:(Early Miocene of Czechoslovakia ?and Cheswold, Delaware, United States –? Yorktown Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, United States)
555:, which is largely patterned black-and-white in summer, with grey on the head and neck in some species. All have a white belly. This resembles many
1315:
6270:
4688:
4012:
2763:
Piper, W.H.; Walcott, C.; Mager, J.N.; Perala, M.; Tischler, K.B.; Harrington, Erin; Turcotte, A.J.; Schwabenlander M. & Banfield, N. (2006).
2279:
features
Shirley the Loon, who speaks with a thick Valley girl accent and is obsessed with superficial New Age paraphernalia. She is voiced by
533:
302:
6399:
5855:
3829:
3496:
4016:
811:
4055:
1331:
Northern hemisphere generally north of 50°, inland in summer and in coastal areas in winter as far south as
Florida and southern China
1113:. Study of the interrelationships of the extant species has found that the red-throated loons are the most basal of the five species.
3802:
3562:
3541:
3520:
2830:
2417:
6348:
3853:
1057:'s 1818 almost-forgotten family name Urinatoridae from overruling the much younger Gaviidae. Some eminent ornithologists such as
787:
3771:"A partial skeleton of a new fossil loon (Aves, Gaviiformes) from the early Oligocene of Germany with preserved stomach content"
6208:
4232:
4127:
716:
and the loon's eventual death. Jurisdictions that have banned the use of lead shot and sinkers include but are not limited to
893:
6275:
5821:
1414:
894:
4063:
3753:
945:, possibly cognate with English "lament", referring to the characteristic plaintive sound of the loon. The scientific name
126:
6283:
4100:
3585:
6059:
2668:
Piper, W.H.; Walcott, C.; Mager, J.N. & Spilker, F. (2008). "Fatal
Battles in Common Loons: A Preliminary Analysis".
3864:
3322:
2385:
6156:
4678:
2852:
2964:
per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2872:
4460:
3373:
2720:
Piper, W.H.; Tischler, K.B. & Klich, M. (2000). "Territory acquisition in loons: The importance of take-over".
6301:
3931:
3712:
6226:
5848:
4375:
4365:
737:
3898:
3333:; the polished-bone look and large size of the specimen makes a Miocene origin rather unlikely: Wetmore (1941),
2644:
4701:
4683:
4037:
3976:
2362:
3917:
2454:
799:
6366:
3679:
152:
4706:
1050:
1027:
290:
238:
6109:
4673:
4485:
4435:
3778:
3063:
2268:
1340:
1031:
367:
6322:
4510:
1054:
314:
31:
6161:
3586:"Experience Michigan: The Great Lakes Loons fans go bonkers for mascots Rall E. Camel and Lou E. Loon!"
3136:
3090:
2967:
6340:
6394:
6353:
6182:
5841:
5138:
2607:
2336:
2314:
2276:
2272:
2765:"Prospecting in a Solitary Breeder: Chick Production Elicits Territorial Intrusions in Common Loons"
4668:
4560:
4500:
4445:
4225:
4179:
4120:
3919:
A PHYLOGENETIC REEVALUATION OF THE GENUS GAVIA (AVES: GAVIIFORMES) USING NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING
3879:
3347:
2295:
2291:
2280:
2240:
2220:
and is depicted on the
Canadian one-dollar coin, which has come to be known affectionately as the "
2200:
1971:
1950:
1346:
980:
490:
5804:
1408:
coasts and lakes of Canada and the US as far south as Mexico, and on the
Atlantic coast of Europe
5451:
4515:
4475:
4440:
4199:
4033:
4001:
3960:
3794:
3737:
3469:
3235:
2938:
2930:
2745:
2685:
2551:
2499:
1420:
931:
845:
539:
486:
474:
450:
278:
147:
927:
meaning lame or clumsy. Either way, the name refers to the loon's poor ability to walk on land.
6327:
5797:
3662:""Anaconda", "Pacific State", "Sueño Latino", and the Story of a Sample That Keeps Coming Back"
2122:
that may or may not have been from a loon. If so, it was from a bird slightly smaller than the
6309:
6169:
5896:
5577:
5524:
5474:
4617:
4607:
4550:
4350:
4345:
4194:
3972:
3825:
3558:
3537:
3516:
3492:
3302:
3277:
2826:
2737:
2625:
2423:
2413:
2357:
2261:
2257:
2234:
2119:
1919:
1864:
1321:
623:
583:
482:
3276:, but proportions seem to differ and apparently not close to any living species except maybe
3020:
830:
consist of two eggs, which are laid in May or June, depending upon latitude. Loon chicks are
6314:
5443:
4585:
4257:
4153:
3993:
3952:
3943:
3927:
3786:
3729:
3720:
3589:
3461:
3227:
3176:
3131:
3085:
2922:
2776:
2729:
2677:
2615:
2543:
2138:
of it. This is now regarded as rather unlikely due to the quite distinct range and age. The
560:
404:
5833:
6080:
5675:
5503:
4973:
4495:
4480:
4418:
4317:
4245:
4145:
4067:
3749:
3708:
2961:
2879:
2097:
1979:
1965:
1904:
1383:
northern Canada and eastern
Siberia, and winters along the Pacific coast of North America
1058:
953:
411:
375:
3113:
3067:
2306:
2611:
2569:
6221:
6097:
6085:
5785:
5715:
5667:
5601:
5540:
5495:
5482:
5356:
5319:
5170:
4944:
4781:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4505:
4490:
4385:
4380:
4360:
4355:
4337:
4285:
4218:
4113:
4089:
2139:
2135:
2111:
2077:(San Diego Middle/Late Pliocene of San Diego, California, United States) – two species?
2011:
1960:
1929:
1884:
1872:
1356:
Northern Europe and Asia, breeding inland and wintering on
Atlantic and Pacific coasts
1015:
972:
885:
713:
2796:
6383:
5958:
5723:
5707:
5630:
5622:
5456:
5254:
5104:
4991:
4949:
4749:
4741:
4663:
4627:
4545:
4469:
3984:
3555:
Weird Wisconsin: Your Travel Guide to Wisconsin's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets
3122:
3076:
2983:
2955:
2942:
2620:
2595:
2302:
2284:
2107:
1086:
1026:
used the genus name to refer to grebes, while Europeans used it for loons, following
1023:
1011:
984:
827:
745:
733:
721:
685:
To help digestion, loons swallow small pebbles from the bottoms of lakes. Similar to
446:
387:
379:
338:
219:
84:
46:
2749:
2689:
6073:
6037:
5934:
5902:
5809:
5553:
5398:
5214:
5052:
5000:
4872:
4833:
4602:
4590:
4580:
4570:
4267:
4189:
4083:
3860:
3798:
3637:
3610:
3553:
Moran, Mark; Sceurman, Mark; Godfrey, Linda S. & Hendricks, Richard D. (2005):
3402:
3273:
2381:
2167:
1946:
1941:
1878:
1392:
1368:
1110:
1006:, which became the genus name used in the first modern scientific description of a
686:
619:
579:
264:
247:
6174:
3633:"Minnesota United to donate portion of 2017 season ticket purchases to help loons"
3164:
2681:
2041:
sp. (Calvert Middle Miocene ?or Pleistocene of Maryland, United States) – same as
6147:
2412:(2nd ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 2, 136–139.
1875:(that population lineages tend to increase in body size over evolutionary time).
892:
6288:
6257:
6141:
5990:
5967:
5918:
5908:
5865:
5614:
5461:
5267:
5246:
5235:
5200:
5067:
5057:
5015:
4906:
4773:
4575:
4400:
4395:
4327:
4312:
4280:
4184:
4149:
4060:
3840:
3330:
3326:
2407:
2353:
2244:
2213:
2185:
2123:
1398:
849:
762:
702:
671:
520:
478:
433:, resemble these birds in shape when swimming. Like ducks and geese, but unlike
414:
255:
204:
135:
59:
6213:
6132:
6092:
3401:, but apparently one or two undescribed smaller species, about the size of the
3180:
2442:
1061:
tried to keep the debate alive, but the ICZN's solution has been satisfactory.
6236:
5731:
5593:
5532:
5511:
5343:
5327:
5262:
5207:
5179:
5111:
5076:
4954:
4802:
4637:
4612:
4370:
3790:
3754:"Catalogue of fossil birds. Part 1 (Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes)"
2926:
2181:
995:
994:
was transferred from the ducks to the loons only in the 18th century. Earlier
906:
835:
694:
679:
651:
104:
69:
6195:
5944:
5691:
5646:
5435:
5228:
5145:
5129:
5118:
5028:
4964:
4923:
4622:
4423:
4410:
4390:
4290:
3294:
2781:
2764:
2427:
2310:
2228:
1078:
939:
841:
831:
647:
454:
164:
109:
53:
2741:
2733:
2629:
1362:
682:
prey headfirst to facilitate swallowing, and swallow all their prey whole.
1955:(Yorktown Early Pliocene of Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, United States)
6126:
6022:
6013:
5999:
5978:
5884:
5659:
5389:
5364:
5310:
5221:
5193:
5083:
5047:
5039:
5021:
4916:
4901:
4885:
4632:
4595:
4428:
3452:
Demetracopoulou, D. (1933). "The Loon Woman Myth: A Study in Synthesis".
3044:
Boertmann, D. (1990). "Phylogeny of the divers, family Gaviidae (Aves)".
2317:" (1989), has become a recurring motif in electronic-based popular music.
2158:
1102:
976:
857:
729:
659:
556:
438:
184:
99:
94:
79:
74:
64:
4094:
2847:
920:
765:
and feed at sea or in larger lakes, ferrying the food in for the young.
17:
6361:
6249:
5569:
5422:
5301:
5186:
5152:
5090:
4911:
4765:
4757:
4450:
4322:
4307:
4297:
4170:
4050:
4005:
3964:
3741:
3239:
2596:"Nestsite selection by male loons leads to sex-biased site familiarity"
2555:
2503:
2217:
2192:
1868:
1106:
1094:
1090:
749:
725:
698:
690:
675:
587:
552:
458:
391:
114:
89:
4210:
3473:
2934:
5878:
5699:
5638:
5414:
5406:
5335:
5275:
5159:
5097:
4980:
4647:
4642:
4520:
4036:, narrator. recorded by William E. Barklow. North American Loon Fund/
2249:
2221:
2196:
2146:
1996:(Bone Valley Early/Middle Pliocene of Pierce, Florida, United States)
741:
667:
174:
6262:
6103:
3997:
3956:
3733:
3231:
3165:"Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina"
2547:
2360:(1986). "Identification of divers in immature and winter plumages".
2093:(Pleistocene of California and Florida, United States) – possibly a
1859:
Nearly ten prehistoric species have been named to date in the genus
527:) rearing up. Note the plump body and pointed but rather short wings
6200:
3465:
975:
had much knowledge of loons, as these are limited to more northern
6335:
5890:
5585:
5372:
4935:
4157:
4105:
2526:
2487:
2115:
1877:
960:
717:
712:
pellets, released by anglers and hunters, that will contribute to
663:
655:
597:
575:
442:
430:
426:
395:
6187:
3489:
Ethno-ornithology: Birds, Indigenous Peoples, Culture and Society
2184:
region have a recurring figure, Loon or Loon Woman, based on the
574:
Gaviiformes are among the few groups of birds in which the young
4928:
4891:
4861:
4275:
4241:
3394:
3318:
3021:"A new loon (Aves: Gaviidae) from the middle Miocene of Austria"
2594:
Piper, W.H.; Walcott, C.; Mager, J.N. & Spilker, F. (2008).
964:
709:
643:
434:
383:
194:
6107:
5837:
4725:
4214:
4109:
2966:(10th ed., vol. 1): 190 . Lars Salvius, Stockholm ("Holmius").
2298:
use a loon in the club's crest, and as a nickname for the team.
5683:
4540:
4302:
3852:
Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (Montana FW&P) (2007):
2243:
describes a playful and inspiring acquaintance with a loon on
504:
Common loon flying exhibiting the typical flight profile of a
3884:"Early Miocene Avifauna from the Pollack Farm Site, Delaware"
2797:"Loon hatches for 1st time in century in southeastern region"
1014:) in 1758. Unfortunately, confusion about whether Linnaeus' "
1924:(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of west and east United States)
874:
2126:. Older authors were quite sure the bone was indeed from a
2055:
spp. (Middle Miocene of Steinheim, Germany) – three species
1105:
coastlines, eventually making their way to the continent's
4073:
3977:"An Unknown Loon from the Miocene Fossil Beds of Maryland"
3870:. In Farner, D.S.; King, J.R.; Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.).
3158:
3156:
3154:
2455:"Common Loon Migration Study - Frequently Asked Questions"
2391:. In Farner, D.S.; King, J.R.; Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.).
2305:, a specific sample of a Canadian loon, notably heard in "
983:
seem to have occurred only as rare winter migrants in the
701:
in crushing the hard parts of the loon's food such as the
4180:
Black-throated loon (Arctic loon or black-throated diver)
3758:
Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences
1045:
a suppressed name unfit for further use and establishing
3272:
Known from a few limb bones. Roughly similar in size to
2338:
Official Lists and Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology
1430:
Russia, Canada and the United States, Mexico and Spain.
4078:
3218:
Brodkorb, P. (1953). "A review of the Pliocene loons".
2260:
are a minor-league professional baseball team based in
848:, have extensively studied the mating behaviour of the
3028:
Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A
2527:"The reproductive Behavior of the Yellow-billed Loon,
6057:
3293:
A tiny loon, smaller and more delicate than even the
2237:, promotes itself as the "Loon Capital of the World".
1022:
referred to loons or grebes abounded. North American
1002:(the Latin term for diving seabirds of all sorts) or
6010:
5987:
5955:
5940:
5930:
6116:
6009:
5986:
5977:
5954:
5917:
5658:
5613:
5552:
5523:
5494:
5473:
5434:
5397:
5388:
5355:
5318:
5309:
5300:
5245:
5169:
5128:
5066:
5038:
5014:
4990:
4963:
4884:
4871:
4832:
4801:
4740:
4656:
4559:
4459:
4409:
4336:
4266:
4168:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
2980:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
2649:
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife
2264:, United States. The primary mascot is Lou E. Loon.
2035:
sp. (Early-Middle Miocene of eastern United States)
1974:, California and Yorktown Formation, North Carolina
1093:in the Czech Republic. During the remainder of the
1039:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
610:
Loons swimming in Wood Lake, BC on a summer morning
3137:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697834A132606505.en
3091:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697829A131942584.en
2525:
394:. All living species of loons are members of the
3513:Across The Land: A Canadian Journey Of Discovery
2645:"Bald Eagle Shot Through the Heart – By a Loon!"
1041:tried to settle this issue in 1956 by declaring
658:. Specifically, they have been noted to feed on
642:Loons find their prey by sight. They eat mainly
590:(Sphenisciformes), both relatives of the loons.
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2488:"The reproductive behaviour of the Common Loon"
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2409:The common loon : spirit of northern lakes
2067:sp. (Early Pliocene of Kerč Peninsula, Ukraine)
1101:managed to disperse into North America via the
3891:Delaware Geological Survey Special Publication
3487:Tidemann, Sonia; Gosler, Andrew, eds. (2010).
3039:
3037:
2227:The common loon is the official state bird of
2018:(Middle Miocene of Sankt Margarethen, Austria)
1911:(Late Miocene of Orange County, United States)
1853:species with the inclusion of fossil species.
761:several pairs close together, in small Arctic
271:
5849:
4226:
4121:
2900:
2898:
8:
3612:Tiny Toon Adventures (TV Series 1990â€"1995)
2443:http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/313
923:or awkward person, or the Scandinavian word
856:). Contrary to popular belief, pairs seldom
3842:Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe
3680:"Classic Tracks: 808 State 'Pacific State'"
3301:-like birds. Probably a distinct species –
2301:Thanks to its inclusion as a preset in the
2161:vertebra may now be lost, which would make
1069:All living species are placed in the genus
473:1918 illustration of a variety of loons by
342:
306:
294:
6104:
5983:
5923:
5856:
5842:
5834:
5394:
5315:
5306:
5297:
5035:
4881:
4868:
4829:
4825:
4798:
4737:
4733:
4722:
4718:
4233:
4219:
4211:
4128:
4114:
4106:
3381:Searchable Ornothological Research Archive
2153:, and thus could conceivably have been of
1293:
618:Loons fly strongly, though they have high
125:
38:
3169:Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
3135:
3089:
2780:
2619:
2083:sp. (Early Pleistocene of Kairy, Ukraine)
3824:. Heidelberg/New York: Springer-Verlag.
1349:, Arctic loon, or black-throated diver,
930:Another possible derivation is from the
6064:
4200:Yellow-billed loon (white-billed diver)
4013:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
3922:(Thesis). Northern Michigan University.
3916:Sprengelmeyer, Quentin D (April 2014).
3346:Known from a skull very similar to the
3163:Olson, S. L.; Rasmussen, P. C. (2001).
2873:LoonWatch – Loon FAQs|Northland College
2335:Melville, RV; Smith, JDD, eds. (1987).
2327:
2199:believe that loon cries forecast rain.
1073:. It has been suggested that the genus
771:
463:
4195:Red-throated loon (red-throated diver)
3421:
3419:
3014:
3012:
2524:Sjölander, S. & Ågren, G. (1976).
2486:Sjölander, S. & Ågren, G. (1972).
2006:(Late Miocene of Čebotarevka, Ukraine)
904:
615:land, except for mating and nesting.
6405:Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster
4017:Common Loons at Seney NWR (June 2005)
3660:Philip Shurburne (8 September 2014).
2061:sp. (Early Pliocene of Empoli, Italy)
708:Loons may inadvertently ingest small
551:Male and female loons have identical
453:. The loons may be confused with the
7:
6367:C01A58B9-E0EC-4FE2-A7AF-D32DC92B3AFE
6341:725877A3-21E9-EB3D-8C1A-7C28CD3BC7F0
6227:7ff715e9-2914-4f5d-b85c-3ded669862d7
5792:
3631:La Vaque, David (October 27, 2016).
2706:Loons: Old History and New Findings.
449:), the loon's toes are connected by
5816:
3123:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3077:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2988:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
2825:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 382.
1986:(Late Miocene of Chişinău, Moldova)
1738:
1715:
1651:
1628:
1605:
1598:
1559:
1512:
1505:
1482:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1218:
1172:
1165:
1134:
1127:
1120:
425:Loons, which are the size of large
4185:Common loon (great northern diver)
3584:Gonzalez, John (August 11, 2013).
3491:. London: Earthscan. p. 191.
2180:Various Indigenous myths from the
938:for these birds, which comes from
817:Immature common loon with crayfish
25:
4694:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
4019:, fws.gov; accessed July 6, 2017.
3436:
3425:
3406:
3305:in loons is not very pronounced:
3281:
3004:
2890:
1871:, the genus by and large follows
559:(Merginae) – notably the smaller
6091:
6079:
6067:
5815:
5803:
5791:
5780:
5779:
5670:(New World vultures and condors)
3713:"A Review of the Pliocene Loons"
3454:The Journal of American Folklore
3441:Mlíkovský (2002: pp. 64, 256–57)
3374:"A REVIEW OF THE PLIOCENE LOONS"
2643:D'Auria, Danielle (2020-05-18).
2621:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01334.x
2203:is named after the common loon (
1413:
1391:
1361:
1339:
1314:
1077:originated in Europe during the
905:Problems playing this file? See
890:
810:
798:
786:
774:
532:
513:
497:
466:
151:
6390:Extant Eocene first appearances
4070:on the Internet Bird Collection
3874:. Vol. 8. pp. 212–14.
3854:Animal Field Guide: Common Loon
3354:, but this is not very likely:
3112:BirdLife International (2018).
2905:Arnott, W.G. (1964). "Notes on
2574:National Loon Center Foundation
2395:. Vol. 8. pp. 212–14.
2157:if that was indeed a loon. The
949:refers to seabirds in general.
3440:
3410:
3372:BRODKORB, PIERCE (July 1953).
3355:
3306:
3261:
3206:
3202:
654:and similar mid-sized aquatic
1:
4101:National Film Board of Canada
4099:- an animated short from the
4085:Diving Birds of North America
3393:Initially in part (specimens
2682:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.10.025
805:Common loon feeding its young
6400:Priabonian first appearances
4190:Pacific loon (Pacific diver)
2406:McIntyre, Judith W. (1988).
5734:(woodpeckers and relatives)
4079:Loon Preservation Committee
3193:A small loon, smaller than
2891:Brodkorb (1963: pp. 223–24)
2853:Online Etymology Dictionary
1401:, or great northern diver,
6421:
5596:(cormorants and relatives)
4689:Extinct species since 1500
3865:"Section X.I. Gaviiformes"
3511:Stewart, Barry D. (2004):
3334:
3198:
3181:10.5479/si.00810266.90.233
2386:"Section X.I. Gaviiformes"
2216:is the provincial bird of
793:Juvenile red-throated loon
29:
6032:
5926:
5873:
5775:
5726:(kingfishers and rollers)
5580:(albatrosses and petrels)
5464:(swifts and hummingbirds)
5446:(nightjars and relatives)
5296:
5270:(pheasants and relatives)
4828:
4797:
4736:
4732:
4721:
4717:
4253:
4143:
3791:10.1007/s10336-004-0050-9
3574:chapter "Brute Neighbors"
3199:Olson (1985: pp. 213–214)
3130:: e.T22697834A132606505.
3084:: e.T22697829A131942584.
2927:10.1017/S0009838800023806
2821:Mobley, Jason A. (2008).
2600:Journal of Animal Ecology
1758:
1743:
1736:
1720:
1713:
1671:
1656:
1649:
1633:
1626:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1580:
1564:
1557:
1533:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1487:
1480:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1387:
1335:
1310:
1238:
1223:
1216:
1192:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1065:Systematics and evolution
998:referred to the loons as
979:and since the end of the
738:Yellowstone National Park
382:) are a group of aquatic
284:
277:
270:
263:
253:
246:
148:Scientific classification
146:
133:
124:
41:
5868:and their extinct allies
5625:(seriemas and relatives)
5604:(pelicans and relatives)
4074:The Loon Project website
4038:National Audubon Society
3897:: 149–51. Archived from
3839:Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002).
3397:2110, 2142) assigned to
3350:. Initially assigned to
3019:Mlíkovský, Jiří (1998).
2149:(Italy) was referred to
1284:Cladogram of the extant
1081:. The earliest species,
5718:(hornbills and hoopoes)
5633:(falcons and relatives)
3856:; retrieved 2007-05-12.
3557:. Sterling Publishing.
3536:. Compass Point Books.
3532:Heinrichs, Ann (2003):
3515:. Trafford Publishing.
3437:Brodkorb (1963: p. 224)
3411:Mlíkovský (2002: p. 64)
3356:Mlíkovský (2002: p. 64)
3262:Mlíkovský (2002: p. 64)
3207:Mlíkovský (2002: p. 63)
3005:Brodkorb (1963: p. 223)
2960:Colymbus arcticus. In:
1867:). Throughout the late
1423:or white-billed diver,
1336:Black-throated lineage
1051:Johann Reinhold Forster
1028:Nicholas Aylward Vigors
781:Common loon on the nest
5702:(trogons and quetzals)
5514:(cranes and relatives)
4784:(emus and cassowaries)
4674:Glossary of bird terms
4486:Confuciusornithiformes
3848:. Prague: Ninox Press.
3822:Paleogene Fossil Birds
3064:BirdLife International
2734:10.1006/anbe.1999.1295
1889:
1324:or red-throated diver,
1032:Richard Bowdler Sharpe
879:
868:Etymology and taxonomy
697:may assist the loon's
611:
578:into a second coat of
368:North American English
6323:Paleobiology Database
5543:(kagu and sunbittern)
5506:(gulls and relatives)
4511:Songlingornithiformes
4476:Omnivoropterygiformes
4051:Tree of Life Gaviidae
3820:Mayr, Gerald (2009).
3769:Mayr, Gerald (2004).
2782:10.1093/beheco/arl021
1881:
1388:Black-headed lineage
1055:Louis Pierre Vieillot
878:
609:
594:Behaviour and ecology
32:Loon (disambiguation)
6222:Fauna Europaea (new)
5365:Phoenicopteriformes
3880:Rasmussen, Pamela C.
3335:Olson (1985: p. 214)
3068:"Red-throated Loon:
2277:Tiny Toon Adventures
2130:and even considered
646:, supplemented with
30:For other uses, see
5336:Mesitornithiformes
5330:(doves and pigeons)
4664:Families and orders
4526:Ichthyornithiformes
4501:Patagopterygiformes
3934:Colymboides minutus
3348:black-throated loon
2915:Classical Quarterly
2913:in Latin Authors".
2612:2008JAnEc..77..205P
2570:"Ask the Scientist"
2341:. ICZN. p. 17.
2296:Minnesota United FC
2292:Major League Soccer
2281:Saturday Night Live
2241:Henry David Thoreau
1972:San Diego Formation
1371:or Pacific diver,
1347:Black-throated loon
981:last glacial period
546:) in winter plumage
491:black-throated loon
5678:(eagles and hawks)
5578:Procellariiformes
5483:Opisthocomiformes
5452:Steatornithiformes
4679:List by population
4516:Hongshanornithidae
4441:Evolution of birds
4066:2011-09-03 at the
4034:Robert J. Lurtsema
4030:Voices of the Loon
3973:Wetmore, Alexander
3932:"The Fossil Loon,
3358:, and see also at
2982:(ICZN) (1957–58).
2878:2010-08-13 at the
2823:Birds of the World
2769:Behavioral Ecology
2358:Mullarney, Killian
2175:In popular culture
2118:, is known from a
1890:
1421:Yellow-billed loon
1109:coastlines by the
969:Mergellus albellus
880:
846:Chapman University
844:, especially from
612:
540:Yellow-billed loon
487:yellow-billed loon
475:Archibald Thorburn
6377:
6376:
6310:Open Tree of Life
6110:Taxon identifiers
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6046:
5897:Phaethoquornithes
5831:
5830:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5564:(loons or divers)
5533:Phaethontiformes
5525:Phaethontimorphae
5475:Opisthocomiformes
5444:Caprimulgiformes
5384:
5383:
5373:Podicipediformes
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5010:
5009:
4793:
4792:
4750:Struthioniformes
4618:Waterfowl hunting
4551:Gastornithiformes
4546:Aepyornithiformes
4536:Lithornithiformes
4208:
4207:
3928:Storer, Robert W.
3831:978-3-540-89627-2
3498:978-1-84407-783-0
3303:sexual dimorphism
3278:red-throated loon
2968:Digitized version
2846:Harper, Douglas.
2709:. pp. 43–49.
2262:Midland, Michigan
2258:Great Lakes Loons
2235:Mercer, Wisconsin
2120:cervical vertebra
2017:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1969:
1954:
1935:
1923:
1910:
1865:red-throated loon
1857:
1856:
1849:Cladogram of the
1843:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1546:
1545:
1434:
1433:
1322:Red-throated loon
1292:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1205:
1204:
1152:
1151:
895:
624:red-throated loon
607:
584:Procellariiformes
483:red-throated loon
386:found in much of
361:
360:
356:
346:
328:
323:
318:
310:
298:
242:
223:
16:(Redirected from
6412:
6370:
6369:
6357:
6356:
6344:
6343:
6331:
6330:
6318:
6317:
6305:
6304:
6292:
6291:
6289:NHMSYS0000530375
6279:
6278:
6266:
6265:
6253:
6252:
6240:
6239:
6230:
6229:
6217:
6216:
6204:
6203:
6191:
6190:
6178:
6177:
6165:
6164:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6137:
6136:
6135:
6105:
6096:
6095:
6084:
6083:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6063:
6012:
5989:
5984:
5957:
5942:
5932:
5924:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5835:
5819:
5818:
5807:
5795:
5794:
5783:
5782:
5735:
5727:
5719:
5711:
5708:Leptosomiformes
5703:
5695:
5687:
5679:
5676:Accipitriformes
5671:
5650:
5649:(perching birds)
5642:
5634:
5626:
5605:
5597:
5589:
5581:
5573:
5570:Sphenisciformes
5565:
5544:
5536:
5515:
5507:
5504:Charadriiformes
5486:
5465:
5447:
5426:
5418:
5415:Musophagiformes
5410:
5395:
5376:
5368:
5347:
5339:
5331:
5316:
5307:
5298:
5271:
5258:
5036:
5032:
5025:
4938:
4931:
4895:
4882:
4878:
4869:
4865:
4830:
4826:
4799:
4785:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4753:
4738:
4734:
4723:
4719:
4586:Bird collections
4541:Dinornithiformes
4446:Darwin's finches
4436:Origin of flight
4376:Seabird breeding
4366:Sexual selection
4235:
4228:
4221:
4212:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4107:
4015:(USFWS) (2005):
4009:
3981:
3968:
3940:
3923:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3888:
3875:
3869:
3861:Olson, Storrs L.
3849:
3847:
3835:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3807:
3801:. Archived from
3775:
3765:
3750:Brodkorb, Pierce
3745:
3717:
3709:Brodkorb, Pierce
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3684:Soundonsound.com
3676:
3670:
3669:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3590:Booth Newspapers
3581:
3575:
3572:
3566:
3551:
3545:
3530:
3524:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3460:(180): 101–128.
3449:
3443:
3434:
3428:
3423:
3414:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3369:
3363:
3344:
3338:
3316:
3310:
3307:Rasmussen (1998)
3291:
3285:
3270:
3264:
3259:
3244:
3243:
3215:
3209:
3203:Rasmussen (1998)
3191:
3185:
3184:
3160:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3016:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2976:
2970:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2902:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2722:Animal Behaviour
2717:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2670:Animal Behaviour
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2533:
2531:(with G. Ågren)"
2521:
2508:
2507:
2483:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2451:
2445:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2382:Olson, Storrs L.
2378:
2372:
2371:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2309:" (1989) and in
2015:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1964:
1945:
1933:
1918:
1908:
1739:
1716:
1652:
1629:
1606:
1599:
1560:
1513:
1506:
1483:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1417:
1395:
1365:
1343:
1318:
1303:Scientific name
1294:
1219:
1173:
1166:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1115:
897:
896:
877:
814:
802:
790:
778:
732:, some areas of
638:Diet and feeding
608:
536:
517:
501:
470:
351:
341:, 1758 (but see
337:
326:
321:
313:
305:, 1831 (but see
301:
293:, 1825 (but see
289:
237:
218:
156:
155:
129:
119:
56:
45:Temporal range:
39:
21:
6420:
6419:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6365:
6360:
6352:
6347:
6339:
6334:
6326:
6321:
6313:
6308:
6300:
6295:
6287:
6282:
6274:
6269:
6261:
6256:
6248:
6243:
6235:
6233:
6225:
6220:
6212:
6207:
6199:
6194:
6186:
6181:
6173:
6168:
6160:
6155:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6112:
6102:
6090:
6078:
6068:
6066:
6058:
6056:
6043:
6028:
6005:
5973:
5950:
5913:
5869:
5862:
5832:
5827:
5739:
5733:
5725:
5717:
5716:Bucerotiformes
5710:(cuckoo-roller)
5709:
5701:
5693:
5685:
5677:
5669:
5668:Cathartiformes
5654:
5648:
5640:
5639:Psittaciformes
5632:
5624:
5609:
5603:
5602:Pelecaniformes
5595:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5563:
5548:
5542:
5541:Eurypygiformes
5534:
5519:
5513:
5505:
5490:
5484:
5469:
5463:
5445:
5430:
5424:
5416:
5408:
5380:
5374:
5366:
5351:
5345:
5344:Pterocliformes
5337:
5329:
5280:
5269:
5256:
5241:
5165:
5124:
5062:
5027:
5026:
5019:
5018:
5006:
4986:
4959:
4936:
4929:
4889:
4888:
4876:
4875:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4789:
4783:
4782:Casuariiformes
4775:
4774:Apterygiformes
4767:
4759:
4751:
4728:
4713:
4684:Lists by region
4652:
4562:
4555:
4496:Chaoyangiformes
4481:Jeholornithidae
4455:
4419:Origin of birds
4405:
4386:Brood parasites
4332:
4262:
4249:
4239:
4209:
4204:
4164:
4139:
4137:Loons or divers
4134:
4068:Wayback Machine
4047:
4026:
3998:10.2307/4078641
3979:
3971:
3957:10.2307/1365096
3938:
3926:
3915:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3886:
3878:
3867:
3859:
3845:
3838:
3832:
3819:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3773:
3768:
3748:
3734:10.2307/1364769
3715:
3707:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3552:
3548:
3531:
3527:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3435:
3431:
3426:Brodkorb (1953)
3424:
3417:
3407:Brodkorb (1953)
3392:
3388:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3360:"Gavia" portisi
3345:
3341:
3329:. Smaller than
3317:
3313:
3292:
3288:
3282:Brodkorb (1953)
3271:
3267:
3260:
3247:
3232:10.2307/1364769
3217:
3216:
3212:
3192:
3188:
3162:
3161:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2999:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2962:Systema naturae
2954:
2950:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2885:
2880:Wayback Machine
2871:
2867:
2858:
2856:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2653:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2548:10.2307/1367094
2523:
2522:
2511:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2420:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2352:Appleby, R.H.;
2351:
2350:
2346:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2177:
2104:"Gavia" portisi
2098:paleosubspecies
2023:List of fossil
2016:Mlíkovský, 1998
1893:List of fossil
1844:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1547:
1439:
1424:
1402:
1372:
1350:
1325:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1206:
1153:
1085:, was found in
1067:
1059:Pierce Brodkorb
954:scientific name
912:
911:
903:
901:
900:
899:
898:
891:
888:
881:
875:
870:
818:
815:
806:
803:
794:
791:
782:
779:
758:
640:
598:
596:
547:
537:
528:
518:
509:
502:
493:
471:
423:
347:
333:
330:
324:
319:
311:
299:
287:
259:
236:
217:
150:
120:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
51:
50:
43:
35:
28:
27:Family of birds
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6418:
6416:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6382:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6358:
6345:
6332:
6319:
6306:
6293:
6280:
6267:
6254:
6241:
6231:
6218:
6205:
6192:
6179:
6166:
6153:
6138:
6122:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6101:
6100:
6088:
6076:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6018:
6016:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5995:
5993:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5963:
5961:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5938:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5893:
5887:
5881:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5813:
5801:
5789:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5729:
5724:Coraciiformes
5721:
5713:
5705:
5700:Trogoniformes
5697:
5689:
5681:
5673:
5664:
5662:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5647:Passeriformes
5644:
5636:
5631:Falconiformes
5628:
5623:Cariamiformes
5619:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5599:
5591:
5586:Ciconiiformes
5583:
5575:
5567:
5558:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5538:
5529:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5509:
5500:
5498:
5496:Cursorimorphae
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5479:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5440:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5420:
5412:
5403:
5401:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5370:
5361:
5359:
5357:Mirandornithes
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5341:
5333:
5328:Columbiformes
5324:
5322:
5320:Columbimorphae
5313:
5304:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5265:
5260:
5255:Meleagridinae
5251:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5175:
5173:
5171:Odontophoridae
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5134:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5072:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5033:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4996:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4977:
4969:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4950:Stictonettinae
4947:
4945:Dendrocygninae
4942:
4941:
4940:
4933:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4898:
4896:
4879:
4866:
4823:
4795:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4746:
4744:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4698:Notable birds
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4648:Egg collecting
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4567:
4565:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Hesperornithes
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4506:Ambiortiformes
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:Enantiornithes
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4465:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4415:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4166:
4165:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4092:
4090:Paul Johnsgard
4081:
4076:
4071:
4058:
4053:
4046:
4045:External links
4043:
4042:
4041:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4010:
3969:
3951:(6): 413–426.
3924:
3913:
3876:
3857:
3850:
3836:
3830:
3817:
3766:
3746:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3671:
3652:
3623:
3602:
3576:
3567:
3546:
3525:
3504:
3497:
3479:
3466:10.2307/535774
3444:
3429:
3415:
3386:
3364:
3339:
3311:
3286:
3265:
3245:
3226:(4): 211–214.
3210:
3186:
3150:
3104:
3070:Gavia stellata
3055:
3033:
3008:
2997:
2971:
2958:(1758): 68.1.
2956:Linnaeus, Carl
2948:
2917:. New Series.
2894:
2883:
2865:
2838:
2831:
2813:
2788:
2775:(6): 881–888.
2755:
2712:
2695:
2676:(3): 1109–15.
2660:
2635:
2586:
2561:
2509:
2498:(3): 296–308.
2471:
2459:Umesc.usgs.gov
2446:
2433:
2418:
2398:
2373:
2354:Steve C. Madge
2344:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2299:
2288:
2265:
2254:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2209:
2208:
2189:
2176:
2173:
2140:Early Pliocene
2136:junior synonym
2112:Orciano Pisano
2101:
2100:
2084:
2078:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2036:
2020:
2019:
2007:
1997:
1991:G. palaeodytes
1987:
1975:
1956:
1937:
1925:
1912:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:Gavia egeriana
1463:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1396:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1374:Gavia pacifica
1366:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1344:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1327:Gavia stellata
1319:
1312:
1311:Basal lineage
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:Gavia stellata
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1066:
1063:
1024:ornithologists
1016:wastebin genus
973:ancient Romans
902:
889:
884:
883:
882:
873:
872:
871:
869:
866:
820:
819:
816:
809:
807:
804:
797:
795:
792:
785:
783:
780:
773:
757:
754:
714:lead poisoning
639:
636:
595:
592:
549:
548:
538:
531:
529:
519:
512:
510:
503:
496:
494:
472:
465:
422:
419:
359:
358:
327:Vieillot, 1818
322:Vieillot, 1818
282:
281:
275:
274:
268:
267:
261:
260:
251:
250:
244:
243:
229:
225:
224:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
144:
143:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
57:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6417:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6368:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:Featherbase:
6232:
6228:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6158:
6154:
6149:
6143:
6139:
6134:
6128:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6106:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6075:
6065:
6061:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5959:Colymboididae
5953:
5947:
5946:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5929:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5867:
5859:
5854:
5852:
5847:
5845:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5824:
5823:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5722:
5720:
5714:
5712:
5706:
5704:
5698:
5696:
5690:
5688:
5684:Strigiformes
5682:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5643:
5637:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5600:
5598:
5592:
5590:
5584:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5545:
5539:
5537:
5535:(tropicbirds)
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5508:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5458:
5457:Podargiformes
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5407:Cuculiformes
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5334:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5105:Macrocephalon
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5023:
5017:
5013:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4992:Anseranatidae
4989:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4934:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4857:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4800:
4796:
4786:
4780:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4766:Tinamiformes
4764:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4742:Palaeognathae
4739:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4628:Pigeon racing
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4470:Archaeopteryx
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4231:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4096:Loon Dreaming
4093:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3914:
3904:on 2015-09-23
3900:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3872:Avian Biology
3866:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3843:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3808:on 2015-09-24
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3785:(4): 281–86.
3784:
3781:
3780:
3772:
3767:
3764:(4): 179–293.
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3728:(4): 211–14.
3727:
3723:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3653:
3641:. Minneapolis
3640:
3639:
3634:
3627:
3624:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3603:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3563:0-7607-5944-8
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3542:0-7565-0315-9
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3521:1-4120-2276-2
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3297:contemporary
3296:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3116:Gavia arctica
3108:
3105:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2921:(2): 249–62.
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2832:9780761477754
2828:
2824:
2817:
2814:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2728:(2): 385–94.
2727:
2723:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2661:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2606:(2): 205–10.
2605:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2542:(4): 454–63.
2541:
2537:
2532:
2530:
2529:Gavia adamsii
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2419:0-8166-1651-5
2415:
2411:
2410:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2393:Avian Biology
2387:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2363:British Birds
2359:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2315:Pacific State
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:E-mu Emulator
2300:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:Gail Matthius
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2108:Late Pliocene
2105:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2004:Umanska, 1981
2002:
1998:
1994:Wetmore, 1943
1992:
1988:
1984:Kessler, 1984
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:Fossil record
1436:
1429:
1427:
1426:Gavia adamsii
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:(formerly in
1375:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1352:Gavia arctica
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1306:Distribution
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:early Miocene
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1049:, created by
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:Carl Linnaeus
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
986:
985:Mediterranean
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
963:term for the
962:
958:
955:
950:
948:
944:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
910:
908:
887:
886:Loons calling
867:
865:
861:
859:
858:mate for life
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
837:
833:
829:
824:
813:
808:
801:
796:
789:
784:
777:
772:
770:
766:
764:
755:
753:
751:
747:
746:Great Britain
743:
739:
735:
734:Massachusetts
731:
727:
723:
722:New Hampshire
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
637:
635:
631:
629:
625:
621:
616:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
580:down feathers
577:
572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
545:
544:Gavia adamsii
541:
535:
530:
526:
522:
516:
511:
507:
500:
495:
492:
488:
485:, Mid-right:
484:
480:
476:
469:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Podicipedidae
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
418:
416:
413:
409:
406:
402:
401:
397:
393:
390:and northern
389:
388:North America
385:
381:
380:Irish English
377:
373:
369:
365:
357:
354:
350:
344:
340:
336:
329:
325:Urinatorides
320:Urinatoridae
316:
308:
304:
296:
292:
286:Family-level:
283:
280:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
257:
252:
249:
245:
240:
235:
234:
230:
227:
226:
221:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
154:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
128:
123:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
52:20.43–0
48:
47:Early Miocene
40:
37:
33:
19:
6117:
6036:
6021:
5998:
5966:
5943:
5935:Colymbiculus
5933:
5903:Aequornithes
5820:
5808:
5796:
5784:
5694:(mousebirds)
5692:Coliiformes
5562:Gaviiformes
5561:
5554:Aequornithes
5462:Apodiformes
5423:Otidiformes
5399:Otidimorphae
5346:(sandgrouse)
5268:Phasianinae
5234:
5227:
5220:
5215:Odontophorus
5213:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5053:Oreophasinae
4999:
4979:
4972:
4877:(waterfowls)
4873:Anseriformes
4623:Cockfighting
4608:Conservation
4603:Bird feeding
4591:Birdwatching
4581:Ornithomancy
4521:Gansuiformes
4468:
4461:Fossil birds
4351:Intelligence
4169:
4161:
4156:: Gaviidae,
4136:
4095:
4084:
4029:
3989:
3983:
3948:
3942:
3933:
3918:
3906:. Retrieved
3899:the original
3894:
3890:
3871:
3841:
3821:
3810:. Retrieved
3803:the original
3782:
3779:J. Ornithol.
3777:
3761:
3757:
3725:
3719:
3702:Bibliography
3687:. Retrieved
3683:
3674:
3665:
3655:
3643:. Retrieved
3638:Star-Tribune
3636:
3626:
3616:, retrieved
3611:
3605:
3593:. Retrieved
3579:
3570:
3554:
3549:
3533:
3528:
3512:
3507:
3488:
3482:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3432:
3403:Pacific loon
3398:
3389:
3380:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3342:
3314:
3298:
3289:
3274:Pacific loon
3268:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3194:
3189:
3172:
3168:
3141:. Retrieved
3127:
3121:
3115:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3081:
3075:
3069:
3058:
3049:
3046:Steenstrupia
3045:
3027:
3000:
2991:
2987:
2974:
2959:
2951:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2886:
2868:
2857:. Retrieved
2851:
2841:
2822:
2816:
2805:. Retrieved
2803:. 2020-07-10
2800:
2791:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2652:. Retrieved
2648:
2638:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2577:. Retrieved
2573:
2564:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2495:
2491:
2462:. Retrieved
2458:
2449:
2436:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2376:
2370:(8): 365–91.
2367:
2361:
2347:
2337:
2330:
2307:Sueño Latino
2283:cast member
2269:Warner Bros.
2248:
2247:in his book
2204:
2168:nomen dubium
2166:
2163:"G." portisi
2162:
2155:"G." portisi
2154:
2150:
2142:
2131:
2127:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2010:
2000:
1990:
1980:G. moldavica
1978:
1959:
1940:
1928:
1915:
1909:Howard, 1978
1905:G. brodkorbi
1903:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1860:
1858:
1850:
1760:
1759:
1745:
1744:
1723:
1721:
1673:
1672:
1658:
1657:
1636:
1634:
1614:G. moldavica
1613:
1611:
1583:
1581:
1568:G. brodkorbi
1567:
1565:
1535:
1534:
1520:
1518:
1490:
1488:
1467:
1465:
1425:
1403:
1377:
1373:
1369:Pacific loon
1351:
1326:
1285:
1240:
1239:
1225:
1224:
1194:
1193:
1179:
1178:
1141:
1140:
1111:Late Miocene
1098:
1089:deposits in
1082:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1019:
1010:species (by
1007:
1003:
999:
991:
989:
968:
956:
951:
946:
942:
935:
929:
924:
916:
913:
862:
853:
840:
825:
821:
767:
759:
756:Reproduction
707:
703:exoskeletons
684:
641:
632:
627:
620:wing loading
617:
613:
573:
569:
564:
550:
543:
524:
505:
481:, Mid-left:
424:
407:
399:
398:
371:
363:
362:
348:
334:
332:Genus-level:
331:
285:
254:
248:Type species
232:
231:
214:
139:
42:Divers/Loons
36:
6395:Gaviiformes
6258:iNaturalist
6142:Wikispecies
6014:Gaviellinae
5991:Petralcinae
5968:Colymboides
5919:Gaviiformes
5909:Gaviiformes
5822:WikiProject
5732:Piciformes
5615:Australaves
5594:Suliformes
5512:Gruiformes
5367:(flamingos)
5276:Tetraoninae
5247:Phasianidae
5236:Rhynchortyx
5201:Dactylortyx
5068:Megapodidae
5058:Penelopinae
5016:Galliformes
4758:Rheiformes
4752:(ostriches)
4702:individuals
4576:Ornithology
4563:interaction
4318:Preen gland
4150:Gaviiformes
4061:Loon videos
4056:Loon sounds
3399:G. concinna
3352:G. concinna
3331:common loon
3327:tibiotarsus
3299:G. egeriana
3195:G. howardae
3175:: 233–365.
3143:13 November
2579:11 December
2492:Wilson Bull
2245:Walden Pond
2214:common loon
2186:common loon
2151:G. concinna
2145:skull from
2134:a possibly
2132:G. concinna
2124:common loon
2012:G. schultzi
2001:G. paradoxa
1961:G. howardae
1930:G. egeriana
1916:G. concinna
1885:G. schultzi
1873:Cope's Rule
1674:G. pacifica
1637:G. concinna
1584:G. paradoxa
1536:G. stellata
1521:G. howardae
1491:G. schultzi
1404:Gavia immer
1399:Common loon
1195:G. pacifica
1083:G. egeriana
996:naturalists
850:common loon
695:gastroliths
672:salamanders
652:crustaceans
628:G. stellata
525:Gavia immer
521:Common loon
479:Common loon
437:(which are
421:Description
415:Gaviiformes
312:Urinatores
300:Colymbinae
288:Colymbidae
256:Gavia immer
205:Gaviiformes
140:Gavia immer
136:common loon
6384:Categories
5864:Genera of
5572:(penguins)
5425:(bustards)
5263:Perdicinae
5208:Dendrortyx
5180:Callipepla
5112:Megapodius
5077:Aepypodius
4955:Tadorninae
4937:true geese
4768:(tinamous)
4727:Neornithes
4638:Pheasantry
4613:Aviculture
4381:Incubation
4371:Lek mating
4024:Recordings
3992:(4): 567.
3908:2013-09-30
3812:2006-09-20
3689:20 January
3618:2019-01-29
3220:The Condor
3030:: 331–339.
2859:2015-09-04
2807:2020-07-10
2654:2022-06-05
2536:The Condor
2464:20 January
2322:References
2182:California
1934:Švec, 1982
1882:Fossil of
1746:G. adamsii
1659:G. arctica
1378:G. arctica
1241:G. adamsii
1180:G. arctica
919:, meaning
907:media help
842:Biologists
836:bald eagle
680:vertebrate
648:amphibians
561:goldeneyes
489:, Bottom:
455:cormorants
5945:Nasidytes
5877:Kingdom:
5641:(parrots)
5485:(hoatzin)
5436:Strisores
5417:(turacos)
5409:(cuckoos)
5338:(mesites)
5257:(turkeys)
5229:Philortyx
5146:Agelastes
5139:Acryllium
5130:Numididae
5119:Talegalla
5029:gamebirds
5022:landfowls
5001:Anseranas
4965:Anhimidae
4924:Anserinae
4707:fictional
4429:dinosaurs
4424:Theropoda
4411:Evolution
4356:Migration
4338:Behaviour
3666:Pitchfork
3645:August 1,
3595:August 1,
3534:Minnesota
3295:sympatric
2994:: 147–48.
2943:170648873
2311:808 State
2229:Minnesota
2106:from the
2027:specimens
1951:Rasmussen
1942:G. fortis
1888:in Vienna
1724:G. fortis
1288:species.
1079:Paleogene
990:The term
977:latitudes
940:Old Norse
932:Norwegian
832:precocial
689:eaten by
565:Bucephala
557:sea-ducks
429:or small
303:Bonaparte
272:5 species
265:Diversity
171:Kingdom:
165:Eukaryota
49:– Recent
6188:45508994
6133:Q3758978
6127:Wikidata
6023:Gaviella
6000:Petralca
5979:Gaviidae
5885:Chordata
5883:Phylum:
5879:Animalia
5786:Category
5660:Afroaves
5588:(storks)
5390:Passerea
5375:(grebes)
5311:Columbea
5222:Oreortyx
5194:Cyrtonyx
5084:Alectura
5048:Cracinae
5040:Cracidae
4917:Oxyurini
4907:Aythyini
4902:Anatinae
4886:Anatidae
4633:Falconry
4596:big year
4451:Seabirds
4361:Foraging
4308:Feathers
4064:Archived
4040:. (1980)
3975:(1941).
3930:(1956).
3882:(1998).
3863:(1985).
3752:(1963).
3711:(1953).
3523:, p. 143
3097:22 March
3066:(2018).
3052:: 21–36.
2876:Archived
2750:23085958
2742:10675261
2690:53178013
2630:17976165
2428:17650487
2384:(1985).
2275:cartoon
2159:holotype
2095:G. immer
2075:concinna
1966:Brodkorb
1761:G. immer
1297:Lineage
1226:G. immer
1103:Atlantic
1043:Colymbus
1020:Colymbus
1004:colymbus
987:region.
959:was the
854:G. immer
828:clutches
730:Michigan
693:, these
691:chickens
660:crayfish
588:penguins
459:seagulls
439:Rallidae
408:Gaviidae
353:Lacépède
349:Urinator
339:Linnaeus
335:Colymbus
315:Vieillot
279:Synonyms
215:Gaviidae
211:Family:
185:Chordata
181:Phylum:
175:Animalia
161:Domain:
18:Gaviidae
6362:ZooBank
6250:2481954
6098:Biology
6086:Animals
6060:Portals
5907:Order:
5901:Clade:
5895:Clade:
5889:Class:
5798:Commons
5302:Neoaves
5187:Colinus
5153:Guttera
5091:Eulipoa
4912:Mergini
4776:(kiwis)
4760:(rheas)
4571:Ringing
4396:Hybrids
4391:Nesting
4346:Singing
4323:Plumage
4298:Dactyly
4268:Anatomy
4258:Outline
4248:: Aves)
4171:Species
4006:4078641
3965:1365096
3799:1070943
3742:1364769
3565:, p. 78
3544:, p. 44
3321:16612,
3240:1364769
2801:AP NEWS
2608:Bibcode
2556:1367094
2504:4160227
2218:Ontario
2193:Tlingit
1920:Wetmore
1897:species
1869:Neogene
1107:Pacific
1095:Miocene
1091:Dolnice
750:Denmark
726:Vermont
699:gizzard
676:leeches
553:plumage
508:species
477:. Top:
451:webbing
392:Eurasia
376:British
239:Forster
228:Genus:
201:Order:
191:Class:
6354:137057
6315:803675
6276:174468
6209:EURING
6201:1GAVIG
5810:Portal
5686:(owls)
5160:Numida
5098:Leipoa
4981:Chauna
4974:Anhima
4669:Genera
4643:Imping
4561:Human
4401:Colony
4328:Vision
4313:Flight
4154:Family
4004:
3963:
3944:Condor
3828:
3797:
3740:
3721:Condor
3561:
3540:
3519:
3495:
3474:535774
3472:
3325:right
3323:distal
3238:
2941:
2935:637729
2933:
2911:Mergvs
2848:"loon"
2829:
2748:
2740:
2688:
2628:
2554:
2502:
2426:
2416:
2273:Amblin
2250:Walden
2222:loonie
2201:Gaǥeit
2197:Alaska
2147:Empoli
2049:below?
1968:, 1953
1953:, 2001
1949:&
1922:, 1940
1300:Image
1000:mergus
921:lummox
748:, and
742:Canada
668:snails
586:) and
443:grebes
441:) and
405:family
372:divers
355:, 1799
317:, 1818
291:Vigors
241:, 1788
222:, 1903
6349:WoRMS
6336:Plazi
6328:39709
6302:37038
6237:gavia
6148:Gavia
6118:Gavia
6074:Birds
6038:Gavia
5866:loons
4930:swans
4892:ducks
4862:fowls
4657:Lists
4281:Brain
4246:class
4242:Birds
4162:Gavia
4158:Genus
4146:Order
4002:JSTOR
3980:(PDF)
3961:JSTOR
3939:(PDF)
3902:(PDF)
3887:(PDF)
3868:(PDF)
3846:(PDF)
3806:(PDF)
3795:S2CID
3774:(PDF)
3738:JSTOR
3716:(PDF)
3470:JSTOR
3377:(PDF)
3236:JSTOR
3024:(PDF)
2939:S2CID
2931:JSTOR
2907:Gavia
2746:S2CID
2686:S2CID
2552:JSTOR
2500:JSTOR
2389:(PDF)
2294:club
2205:kagit
2143:Gavia
2128:Gavia
2116:Italy
2091:immer
2087:Gavia
2081:Gavia
2071:Gavia
2065:Gavia
2059:Gavia
2053:Gavia
2047:immer
2043:Gavia
2039:Gavia
2033:Gavia
2025:Gavia
1947:Olson
1895:Gavia
1861:Gavia
1851:Gavia
1286:Gavia
1099:Gavia
1075:Gavia
1071:Gavia
1047:Gavia
1008:Gavia
992:gavia
961:Latin
957:Gavia
947:Gavia
934:word
917:lumme
826:Most
763:tarns
718:Maine
664:frogs
656:fauna
576:moult
506:Gavia
435:coots
431:geese
427:ducks
412:order
400:Gavia
396:genus
384:birds
370:) or
364:Loons
233:Gavia
220:Coues
6297:NCBI
6271:ITIS
6263:4620
6245:GBIF
6196:EPPO
6175:4MHK
6162:4853
6157:BOLD
5891:Aves
4303:Eggs
4291:milk
4286:Crop
4276:Beak
3826:ISBN
3691:2018
3647:2017
3597:2017
3559:ISBN
3538:ISBN
3517:ISBN
3493:ISBN
3395:LACM
3319:USNM
3145:2021
3128:2018
3099:2021
3082:2018
2909:and
2827:ISBN
2738:PMID
2626:PMID
2581:2022
2466:2018
2424:OCLC
2414:ISBN
2313:’s "
2290:The
2267:The
2256:The
2212:The
2191:The
2089:cf.
2073:cf.
2045:cf.
1037:The
1030:and
965:smew
952:The
943:lómr
710:lead
687:grit
674:and
644:fish
410:and
343:text
307:text
295:text
195:Aves
134:The
60:PreꞒ
6284:NBN
6183:EoL
6170:CoL
4088:by
3994:doi
3985:Auk
3953:doi
3787:doi
3783:145
3730:doi
3462:doi
3228:doi
3177:doi
3132:doi
3086:doi
2992:15A
2923:doi
2777:doi
2730:doi
2678:doi
2616:doi
2544:doi
2195:of
2110:of
936:lom
925:lum
6386::
6364::
6351::
6338::
6325::
6312::
6299::
6286::
6273::
6260::
6247::
6224::
6214:59
6211::
6198::
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4000:.
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3222:.
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3080:.
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2929:.
2919:14
2897:^
2850:.
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2736:.
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744:,
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403:,
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110:Pg
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6011:†
5988:†
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5941:†
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