552:
547:
robbers into their realm," is
Derzhavin spoken of as "a fanatical enemy of Jews," a great Anti-Semite. He is accused - though unjustly, as we have seen – of "imputing the drunkenness and poverty of the White Russian peasant exclusively to the Jews," and his "positive measures" were characterized as given without evidence, to serve his personal ambition. But that he was in no wise prejudiced against the Jews, is indicated in that (1) his whole Memorandum emerged in 1800 in response to the actual misery and hunger of the peasants, (2) the goal was to do well by both the White Russian peasant and the Jews, (3) he distinguished them economically and (4) his desire was to orient the Jews toward a real productive activity, of whom, as Catherine planned, a part first and foremost was supposed to have been relocated in territories that were not closed.
65:
346:
owned half the land in Sokury, which
Gavrila inherited along with other estates in Laishevsky. However, they provided very little income and the neighbors continued to encroach on their lands, flooding their estates or simply seizing land for themselves. His mother, a penniless widow with no powerful relatives, was unable to get any redress in the courts and was snubbed by judges. Derzhavin later wrote that his "mother's suffering from injustice remained eternally etched on his heart." Nevertheless, his mother was able to hire two tutors to teach her sons geometry and arithmetic.
153:
321:
officers at age 20. Nobility unable to send their children to one of the three educational institutions were given a waiver to educate their children at home, but the children were given examinations at 7, 12 and 16 to inspect their progress. Known as
Ganyushka, Gavrilo's education began at age 3 when he was taught to read and write by local churchmen (as his mother was essentially illiterate). When he was 8, the family was sent to
624:
418:
571:, "Derzhavin's poetry is a universe of amazing richness; its only drawback was that the great poet was of no use either as a master or as an example. He did nothing to raise the level of literary taste or to improve the literary language, and as for his poetical flights, it was obviously impossible to follow him into those giddy spheres." Nevertheless,
274:, but over time they were divided, sold or mortgaged. By the time Gavrila Derzhavin's father, Roman Nikolayevich Derzhavin, was born in 1706, he stood to inherit only a few parcels of land, occupied by few peasants. Roman joined the military and in 1742, at age 36, he married a widowed distant relative Fyokla Andreyevna Gorina (
551:
320:
As members of the nobility, albeit minor, the
Derzhavins were required to educate their children, but options were limited given their poverty and the few educational institutions in Russia at the time. Male members of the nobility were expected to enter government roles as civil servants or military
325:
near present-day
Kazakhstan. The Russian Empire, eager to extend its reach, sent convicts to Orenburg to construct the city. A German named Joseph Rose opened a co-ed school to instruct the children of the nobility. Rose, in addition to being a criminal, had no formal education and was only able to
282:
Derzhavin was born nearly nine months after his parents were wed, but the location of his birth remains a point of dispute. Derzhavin considered himself a native of Kazan — which proudly proclaims itself as the city of his birth — but he was possibly born at one of his family's estates in Sokury or
349:
In 1758, a new school opened in Kazan, saving his mother the difficulty of sending him to Saint
Petersburg. The grammar school offered instruction in Latin, French, German, and arithmetic, as well as dancing, fencing and music. The instruction quality was still poor overall, with no textbooks. The
546:
Because of all his observations in White Russia, and of his conclusion, and of all he wrote in the
Memorandum, and especially because of all these lines, and probably also because he "praised the keen vision of the great Russian monarchs … which forbade the immigration and travel of these clever
439:
Unlike other
Classicist poets, Derzhavin found delight in carefully chosen details, such as a colour of wallpaper in his bedroom or a poetic inventory of his daily meal. He believed that French was a language of harmony but that Russian was a language of conflict. Although he relished harmonious
345:
to register his son for future enlistment as required. However, he was delayed in Moscow until early
January; by the time he received his discharge, he had no money to continue the journey to Saint Petersburg. They were forced to return to Kazan, where his father died later that year. His father
182:
436:, and many a time would fill an ode with elegiac, humorous, or satiric contents. In his grand ode to the Empress, for instance, he mentions searching for fleas in his wife's hair and compares his own poetry with lemonade.
287:. The Laishevsky District is informally known as the Derzhavinsky District because of its association with Derzhavin. He was named Gavriil (Russian for Gabriel), as his birth was 10 days before the Synaxis of the
278:
Kozlova). She was from a similar background and also possessed a few scattered estates. The estates were the source of constant lawsuits, fights and feuds with neighbors, sometimes extending into violence.
509:, Derzhavin blamed Belarusian famines on the "mercenary trades" of Jews, who exploited peasants through leaseholding of estates and distilling of alcohol, as well as the indifference of the local
358:. Derzhavin eventually excelled in geometry and was informed he would be joining the corps of engineers in Saint Petersburg. However, a bureaucratic mistake led to him being made a private in the
1106:
513:
who allowed this exploitation to occur. In response to these issues, Derzhavin proposed a series of reforms to substantially restrict the freedoms of the magnates, abolish the Jewish
1096:
64:
1086:
555:
291:, celebrated on 13 July in Slavic Orthodoxy. He was a sickly child, and his parents followed the traditional practice of the era and "baked the baby" (
455:
333:
When
Gavrila was 10, the Derzhavins moved back to their estates in Kazan after two years in Orenburg. In the fall of 1753, he made his first trip to
1010:
has been reprinted by Oriental Research Partners (Newtonville, MA) in 1973 with a new introduction by Prof. Richard Wortman, University of Chicago.
1037:
1091:
705:
474:
1081:
715:
386:(1785), personal secretary to the Empress (1791), President of the College of Commerce (1794), and finally the Minister of Justice (1802).
957:
245:. Bagrim was rewarded with lands for his service to the prince, and from him descended noble families of Narbekov, Akinfov and Keglev (or
378:. Politically astute, his career advanced when he left the military service for civil service. He rose to the position of governor of
944:
908:
874:
762:
467:
1051:
999:
31:
572:
1101:
398:
389:
He was dismissed from his post in 1803 and spent much of the rest of his life in the country estate at Zvanka near
487:
463:
266:" or "power"), was the patriarch of the Derzhavin family. The Derzhavins once held profitable estates along the
1055:
370:
In Saint Petersburg, Derzhavin rose from the ranks as a common soldier to the highest offices of state under
580:
466:" (1785), which was translated into many European languages; "Waterfall" (1794), occasioned by the death of
375:
359:
575:
professed to follow Derzhavin rather than Pushkin, and Derzhavin's line of broken rhythms was continued by
452:
371:
1028:
841:
1034:
748:
633:
528:
70:
1076:
1071:
985:
471:
432:, dedicated to the Empress and other courtiers. He paid little attention to the prevailing system of
117:
519:, end the autonomy of the Russian Jewish community, and resettle Russian Jews in colonies along the
502:
355:
284:
242:
200:
961:
1023:
994:. Derzhavin. Berlin, 1931 - a literary masterpiece in its own right. (published in English as
940:
904:
870:
758:
711:
231:
217:
188:
187:; 14 July 1743 – 20 July 1816) was one of the most highly esteemed Russian poets before
96:
864:
752:
576:
498:
406:
402:
342:
175:
92:
1041:
478:
459:
327:
263:
1052:
Luba Golburt, "Derzhavin's monuments: Sculpture, Poetry, and the Materiality of History"
542:, disputed the allegation of antisemitism taken from the Jewish Encyclopedia responding:
195:, his best verse is rich with antitheses and conflicting sounds in a way reminiscent of
152:
510:
445:
121:
100:
691:
1065:
422:
341:, needed to formally apply for retirement in Moscow, and then planned to continue to
139:
330:, which was then the most desirable language among the enlightened class in Russia.
441:
338:
267:
239:
191:, as well as a statesman. Although his works are traditionally considered literary
900:
Russia Gathers Her Jews: The Origins of the "Jewish Question" in Russia, 1772-1825
531:, who eventually implemented several of Derzhavin's suggested reforms in the 1804
898:
312:. Two more children were born, a boy and a girl, although the latter died young.
991:
932:
923:
Aleksandr Sozhenitsyn, Two Hundred Years Together: history of the Jews in Russia
623:
568:
298:
17:
1019:
417:
638:
397:. At his Saint Petersburg house, he held monthly meetings of the conservative
351:
196:
192:
35:
613:
Heart of a lion, wings of an eagle are no longer with us! – How can we fight?
520:
309:
297:) — an ancient ceremony in which sickly or premature babies are placed on a
707:
Russian Nationalism from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Imagining Russia
350:
school also offered opportunities for the students to perform tragedies by
903:. Dekalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press. pp. 95–115.
815:
394:
390:
322:
988:. Life of Derzhavin. SPb, 1883 - great biography by a first-rank scholar
220:
into a landed family of impoverished Russian nobility. His 15th-century
629:
482:
379:
305:
288:
43:
788:
527:
became an influential source of information during the early reign of
1047:
Acrostic - How Mighty Time Strives Like A River (English Translation)
383:
334:
246:
235:
579:
in the 20th century. The name of Gavrila Derzhavin was assigned to
615:(Львиного сердца, крыльев орлиных нет теперь с нами. Что воевать?
515:
433:
416:
271:
226:
221:
1046:
617:
Lvinogo serdtsa, krylyev orlinykh net teper s nami. Chto voyevat?
485:. He also provided lyrics for the first Russian national anthem,
429:
816:"Так где же родился Гавриил Державин? | Республика Татарстан"
593:
Where used to be a table full of viands, a coffin now stands
252:
A member of the Narbekov family, who received the nickname
540:
Two Hundred Years Together: history of the Jews in Russia
558:
commemorating the 250th anniversary of Derzhavin's birth
444:, sometimes he deliberately instrumented his verse with
462:(1779); the playful "Ode to Felica" (1782); the lofty "
270:, about 25 miles (40 km) from the capital city of
674:
And not avoid the common pyre... <lines broken>
481:(1800), a poignant elegy on the death of his friend
145:
135:
127:
106:
77:
55:
603:I'm a czar - I'm a slave - I'm a worm - I'm a god
646:Lines found at Derzhavin's table after his death
1107:People from the Russian Empire of Tatar descent
757:. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 5–7.
544:
533:Statute Concerning the Organization of the Jews
401:society. He died in 1816 and was buried in the
632:reciting his poem before old Derzhavin in the
1097:Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
292:
257:
165:
8:
866:Gender and Sexuality in Russian Civilisation
493:In 1800, Derzhavin wrote the political work
405:near Zvanka, reburied by the Soviets in the
301:and put in and out of the oven three times.
1058:13, Summer 2005, retrieved 23 October 2006.
783:
781:
451:Derzhavin's major odes were the impeccable
374:. He first impressed his commanders during
671:It too will disappear into the maw of time
337:. Roman Derzhavin, who was suffering from
63:
52:
176:[ɡɐˈvrilərɐˈmanəvʲɪtɕdʲɪrˈʐavʲɪn]
1029:Collection of Poems by Gavrila Derzhavin
622:
605:(Я - царь, я - раб, я - червь, я - бог.
550:
167:Гаврии́л (Гаври́ла) Рома́нович Держа́вин
1087:Justice ministers of the Russian Empire
939:. Northwestern University Press, 1999.
684:
607:Ya tsar, - ya rab, - ya cherv, - ya bog
660:All peoples, kingdoms and their kings.
362:, the bodyguards of the royal family.
304:Derzhavin's father was transferred to
162:Gavriil (Gavrila) Romanovich Derzhavin
1020:Works by Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin
665:And if there's something that remains
645:
428:Derzhavin is best remembered for his
421:Posthumous engraving of Derzhavin by
174:
7:
595:(Где стол был яств, там гроб стоит.
538:Aleksandr Sozhenitsyn in his book -
497:in response to a request by Emperor
453:"On the Death of Prince Meschersky"
704:Daniel Rancour-Laferriere (2000).
597:Gde stol byl yastv, tam grob stoit
25:
844:(in Russian). Visit-Tatarstan.com
501:to investigate recent famines in
488:Let the thunder of victory sound!
409:, and then reinterred at Khutyn.
668:Through sounds of horn and lyre,
151:
937:A History of Russian Literature
710:. E. Mellen Press. p. 90.
1092:Members of the Russian Academy
654:Will carry off all human deeds
1:
1082:Poets from the Russian Empire
1000:University of Wisconsin Press
869:. Routledge. pp. 94–95.
326:instruct the children in the
32:Eastern Slavic naming customs
814:Frolov, Yuri (8 July 2003).
81:Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin
57:Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin
820:Gazeta Respublika Tatarstan
651:The current of Time's river
1123:
789:"Сокуры: красота на земле"
556:1993 Russian 1 rouble coin
399:Lovers of the Russian Word
216:Derzhavin was born in the
30:In this name that follows
29:
293:
258:
166:
150:
62:
1056:Toronto Slavic Quarterly
863:Barta, Peter I. (2013).
27:Russian poet (1743–1816)
842:"Родина Г.Р. Державина"
581:Tambov State University
360:Preobrazhensky Regiment
1031:(English Translations)
754:Derzhavin: A Biography
749:Khodasevich, Vladislav
657:And sink into oblivion
642:
559:
549:
425:
692:Derzhavin's biography
634:Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum
626:
554:
420:
393:, writing idylls and
294:«перепекание ребенка»
230:Bagrim, converted to
212:Early life and family
71:Vladimir Borovikovsky
69:Gavrila Derzhavin by
1035:Illustrated timeline
897:Klier, John (1986).
376:Pugachev's Rebellion
118:Novgorod Governorate
793:Kazanskie Vedemosti
503:Mogilev Governorate
372:Catherine the Great
356:Alexander Sumarokov
1102:Writers from Kazan
1040:2010-06-20 at the
643:
637:(1911 painting by
560:
477:2007-10-18 at the
458:2007-10-18 at the
426:
259:Держа́ва; Дрьжа́ва
201:metaphysical poets
1024:Project Gutenberg
992:V. F. Khodasevich
717:978-0-7734-7671-4
395:anacreontic verse
289:Archangel Gabriel
285:Laishevsky County
218:Kazan Governorate
189:Alexander Pushkin
159:
158:
97:Kazan Governorate
16:(Redirected from
1114:
973:
972:
970:
969:
960:. Archived from
954:
948:
930:
924:
921:
915:
914:
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
860:
854:
853:
851:
849:
838:
832:
831:
829:
827:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
785:
776:
775:
773:
771:
745:
722:
721:
701:
695:
689:
577:Marina Tsvetaeva
573:Nikolai Nekrasov
407:Novgorod Kremlin
403:Khutyn Monastery
343:Saint Petersburg
296:
295:
261:
260:
186:
185:
184:
178:
173:
169:
168:
155:
113:
93:Laishevsky Uyezd
89:
87:
67:
53:
21:
18:Gavril Derzhavin
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1062:
1061:
1042:Wayback Machine
1016:
982:
980:Further reading
977:
976:
967:
965:
956:
955:
951:
931:
927:
922:
918:
911:
896:
895:
891:
881:
879:
877:
862:
861:
857:
847:
845:
840:
839:
835:
825:
823:
813:
812:
808:
798:
796:
787:
786:
779:
769:
767:
765:
747:
746:
725:
718:
703:
702:
698:
690:
686:
681:
648:
589:
587:Memorable lines
565:
479:Wayback Machine
468:Prince Potemkin
460:Wayback Machine
415:
368:
328:German language
318:
262:; Russian for "
214:
209:
181:
180:
179:
171:
131:Poet, statesman
115:
111:
91:
85:
83:
82:
73:
58:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1044:
1032:
1026:
1015:
1014:External links
1012:
1004:
1003:
989:
981:
978:
975:
974:
949:
925:
916:
909:
889:
875:
855:
833:
806:
777:
763:
723:
716:
696:
683:
682:
680:
677:
676:
675:
672:
669:
666:
662:
661:
658:
655:
652:
647:
644:
621:
620:
610:
600:
588:
585:
564:
561:
414:
411:
367:
364:
317:
314:
213:
210:
208:
205:
164:(Russian:
157:
156:
148:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
122:Russian Empire
116:Zvanka manor,
114:(aged 73)
108:
104:
103:
101:Russian Empire
79:
75:
74:
68:
60:
59:
56:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1119:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
987:
984:
983:
979:
964:on 2019-11-08
963:
959:
953:
950:
946:
945:0-8101-1679-0
942:
938:
934:
929:
926:
920:
917:
912:
910:9780875801179
906:
902:
901:
893:
890:
878:
876:9781134699377
872:
868:
867:
859:
856:
843:
837:
834:
821:
817:
810:
807:
795:. 4 July 2012
794:
790:
784:
782:
778:
766:
764:9780299224233
760:
756:
755:
750:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
724:
719:
713:
709:
708:
700:
697:
693:
688:
685:
678:
673:
670:
667:
664:
663:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:
640:
636:
635:
631:
625:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
601:
598:
594:
591:
590:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:According to
562:
557:
553:
548:
543:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
490:
489:
484:
480:
476:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
454:
449:
447:
443:
442:alliterations
437:
435:
431:
424:
423:Fyodor Iordan
419:
412:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
365:
363:
361:
357:
353:
347:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
324:
315:
313:
311:
307:
302:
300:
290:
286:
283:Karmachi, in
280:
277:
273:
269:
265:
255:
250:
248:
244:
241:
237:
234:and became a
233:
229:
228:
223:
219:
211:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
183:
177:
163:
154:
149:
144:
141:
140:Neoclassicism
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
119:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
80:
76:
72:
66:
61:
54:
49:
45:
42: and the
41:
37:
33:
19:
1007:
1005:
995:
966:. Retrieved
962:the original
952:
936:
928:
919:
899:
892:
880:. Retrieved
865:
858:
846:. Retrieved
836:
824:. Retrieved
822:(in Russian)
819:
809:
797:. Retrieved
792:
768:. Retrieved
753:
706:
699:
694:(in Russian)
687:
628:16-year-old
627:
616:
612:
606:
602:
596:
592:
566:
545:
539:
537:
532:
524:
514:
506:
494:
492:
486:
450:
438:
427:
388:
369:
348:
332:
319:
303:
281:
275:
268:Myosha River
253:
251:
240:Grand Prince
232:Christianity
225:
215:
161:
160:
112:(1816-07-20)
110:20 July 1816
90:14 July 1743
47:
39:
1077:1816 deaths
1072:1743 births
1006:His memoir
933:D.S. Mirsky
569:D.S. Mirsky
529:Alexander I
472:"Bullfinch"
446:cacophonous
382:(1784) and
339:consumption
44:family name
1066:Categories
986:Y. K. Grot
968:2019-11-08
947:. Page 53.
882:11 January
848:11 January
826:11 January
799:11 January
770:11 January
639:Ilya Repin
299:bread peel
199:and other
197:John Donne
193:classicism
128:Occupation
86:1743-07-14
40:Romanovich
36:patronymic
996:Derzhavin
958:"History"
563:Influence
521:Black Sea
505:. In the
316:Education
310:Stavropol
308:and then
243:Vasily II
224:ancestor
207:Biography
146:Signature
48:Derzhavin
1038:Archived
1002:in 2007)
751:(2007).
511:magnates
475:Archived
456:Archived
448:effect.
391:Novgorod
323:Orenburg
254:Derzhava
1008:Zapiski
630:Pushkin
525:Opinion
507:Opinion
495:Opinion
483:Suvorov
380:Olonets
352:Molière
306:Yaransk
943:
907:
873:
761:
714:
523:. The
499:Paul I
470:; and
434:genres
384:Tambov
366:Career
335:Moscow
247:Teglev
236:vassal
136:Period
34:, the
679:Notes
516:Qahal
413:Works
272:Kazan
227:Morza
222:Tatar
941:ISBN
905:ISBN
884:2018
871:ISBN
850:2018
828:2018
801:2018
772:2018
759:ISBN
712:ISBN
430:odes
354:and
172:IPA:
107:Died
78:Born
1022:at
998:by
464:God
276:née
264:orb
249:).
238:of
46:is
38:is
1068::
1054:,
935:.
818:.
791:.
780:^
726:^
641:).
583:.
535:.
203:.
170:,
120:,
99:,
95:,
971:.
913:.
886:.
852:.
830:.
803:.
774:.
720:.
619:)
609:)
599:)
256:(
88:)
84:(
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
