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printed a juxtaposition of news from various sources, presented in order of geographic point of origin without unifying speech or apparent editorial. Confusingly, for example, in wartime, the terms "our armies" or "enemy" can designate the same subject, depending on who wrote a given piece for the
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ceased publication in 1796. The confusion over the year of establishment may be explained by the fact that in the 17th century many readers did not distinguish among different titles of journals published in
Amsterdam (and the Netherlands in general), and different titles were often referred to as
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This was tolerated and even encouraged by the authorities, who often used it for their own ends, when wishing to publicize information that couldn't be released via the official channels. The paper gave voice to institutions that were finding it difficult to publish in the official
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It had international range, and was distributed throughout Europe, including France, where it was generally tolerated. It was neither overly supportive nor overly oppositional with regards to the French government, though certainly much more liberal than the official
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133:(Dubreuil) is commonly seen as the paper's founder and first editor (given the establishment date in 1691). His descendants controlled the newspaper till its demise in the late 18th century.
580:
145:, and it is estimated that its circulation was never higher than approximately 1,250. It was also relatively small: usually composed of 6 pages 12x 20 cm, printed in two columns.
96:
in 1685. Several of them began publishing newspapers in various
European cities covering political news in France and Europe. French was both their native tongue and the
76:. Unlike most contemporary countries, such as France, Great Britain or the states of the Holy Roman Empire, there was little government interference in matters of
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It began its decline in the second half of the 18th century, when the French government made it easier for other titles to compete on the French market. As the
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was seen as too close to the French government's official position, its readership declined, and it was overtaken by the
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186:), which was seen as much more independent. By 1789, it was no longer seen as a significant European paper.
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347:
550:
Les collections, la diffusion », dans La âGazette dâAmsterdamâ miroir de lâEurope au XVIIIe siĂšcle
69:
41:
224:
476:
Jeremy Popkin, "The
Prerevolutionary Origins of Political Journalism'", in Jack R. Censer (ed.),
162:
489:
Jeremy Popkin, "The
Prerevolutionary Origins of Political Journalism", in Jack R. Censer (ed.),
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newspaper. Most of the authors were French emigrants. It was relatively expensive, seen as a
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201:, and with regards to France, leaned towards anti-aristocratic and pro-revolutionary views.
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of
European diplomacy. Read by the European elites, these papers were called in France the
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agreed to be censored, or at least "advised" on many occasions by the French authorities.
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began publishing: sources give dates from 1663, 1668 or 1691; they all agree that the
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Review of La
Gazette d'Amsterdam: Miroir de l'Europe au XVIIIe siĂšcle by Pierre RĂ©tat
98:
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531:, Eighteenth-Century Studies - Volume 37, Number 3, Spring 2004, pp. 483â486
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165:. The independence was not complete; like many others of its period, editors of
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Press, Politics and the Public Sphere in Europe and North
America, 1760-1820
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49:
37:
81:
398:
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34:
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New essays on the political thought of the
Huguenots of the Refuge
52:
from the second half of the 17th century till 1796, during the
399:
Government Equity and Money: John Lawâs System in 1720 France
352:
A social history of the media: from
Gutenberg to the Internet
350:, Cambridge University Press, 2002; Asa Briggs, Peter Burke,
536:
LA GAZETTE D'AMSTERDAM Miroir de L'Europe Au Xviiie Siecle
92:, and the numbers of French refugees increased with the
586:
Defunct French-language newspapers published in Europe
44:
and a major source of political information. It was a
136:Like many other contemporary early newspapers, the
305:, UCLA Library: News for the faculty, Winter 2006
123:"d'Amsterdam" (of Amsterdam) or "d'Hollande" (of
114:There is some confusion regarding the year that
581:Defunct newspapers published in the Netherlands
247:Netherlands Press, Media, TV, Radio, Newspapers
529:The Eighteenth-Century French Periodical Press
491:The French Revolution and Intellectual History
478:The French Revolution and Intellectual History
33:) was one of the most important international
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311:
8:
184:Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits
88:fled to the Netherlands during the reign of
493:, The Dorsey Press, IOSBN 0256068569, p.118
480:, The Dorsey Press, IOSBN 0256068569, p.119
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296:Recent Acquisitions throughout the Library
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189:In its views, in the late 18th century,
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413:Le livre genevois sous l'Ancien RĂ©gime
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601:Publications established in the 1690s
596:Publications established in the 1660s
538:. Voltaire Foundation, Oxford, 2001.
386:International Coalition on Newspapers
7:
220:
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606:Publications disestablished in 1796
506:Présentation de la Gazette de Leyde
14:
94:revocation of the Edict of Nantes
68:were very tolerant in matters of
48:bi-weekly newspaper published in
66:Netherlands (United Provinces)
1:
346:Hanna Barker, Simon Burrows,
611:Defunct biweekly newspapers
438:, Electronic Enlightenment]
627:
562:Google Print scans of the
106:, the "foreign gazettes".
354:, Wiley-Blackwell, 2002,
64:In the 18th century, the
461:Denis Reynaud, Trévoux,
415:, Librairie Droz, 1999,
331:Google Print, p.73, 94-5
317:John Christian Laursen,
591:Mass media in Amsterdam
131:Jean Tronchin Du Breuil
321:, Brill:Leiden, 1995,
436:Newspapers / gazettes
30:Nouvelles d'Amsterdam
197:, supporters of the
110:Contents and history
82:protected monopolies
70:freedom of the press
42:Enlightenment period
564:Gazette d'Amsterdam
425:Google Print, p.192
396:Francois R. Velde,
375:Gazette d'Amsterdam
225:Gazette dâAmsterdam
193:was opposed to the
191:Gazette d'Amsterdam
167:Gazette d'Amsterdam
116:Gazette d'Amsterdam
104:gazettes Ă©trangĂšres
18:Gazette d'Amsterdam
527:Popkin, Jeremy D,
511:2008-09-17 at the
380:2011-07-19 at the
364:Google Print, p.59
301:2010-06-28 at the
279:Jeremy D. Popkin,
230:2009-07-13 at the
163:Parlement of Paris
24:Gazette dâHollande
411:Georges Bonnant,
249:, Press Reference
159:Gazette de France
152:Gazette de France
74:religious freedom
54:Batavian Republic
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464:LâannĂ©e 170
459:(in French)
199:Stadtholder
161:, like the
143:luxury good
575:Categories
205:References
78:censorship
60:Background
38:newspapers
566:from 1738
90:Louis XIV
86:Huguenots
50:Amsterdam
509:Archived
384:, ICON:
378:Archived
299:Archived
228:Archived
35:European
174:Gazette
138:Gazette
125:Holland
120:Gazette
40:of the
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467:, 2004
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540:ISBN
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