611:), which was also under Zhu's control, joined with Weibo forces to engage the Lulong forces, defeating them decisively — such that it was said that Liu no longer had the strength thereafter to reattempt the attack on Weibo, and Zhu's hegemony over the region was affirmed. Ge thereafter made an attempt to advance into Hedong, but soon thereafter, when Li Hanzhi seized Lu Prefecture and submitted to Zhu, and then suffered a major illness, Zhu sent Ge to take over Lu, while replacing him at Xing with Zhang Guiba. Zhu subsequently recalled Ge and replaced him with He Delun; after He Delun was soon thereafter defeated by Li Sizhao, however, he abandoned Lu, allowing Hedong forces to retain control of Lu.
376:), where Li Hanzhi was, under siege. However, Li Keyong's adoptive son Li Cunxiao then captured Sun in a surprise attack as Sun was heading to Lu, and then defeated Li Dang and Li Chongyin, forcing them to withdraw. Hearing of Li Dang and Li Chongyin's defeat, Ge also withdrew, allowing Hedong forces to retake Zhaoyi. Zhu executed Li Dang and Li Chongyin in light of the defeat, but there was no record of his punishing Ge. With the Xuanwu forces largely withdrawn from the campaign, Li Keyong subsequently defeated Zhang Jun, forcing the imperial government to end the campaign against him.
421:), and he himself followed and put Yan under siege. Zhu Quanzhong soon thereafter left Yan and left Ge in charge of the siege. Zhu Jin initially defended the city and refused to engage Ge, so Ge spread rumors that relief forces from Hedong and Tianping were arriving and that he was going to engage them. Hearing the news, Zhu Jin, believing that Ge's elite forces would have left to fight Hedong and Tianping forces, attacked Ge's siege camp at night. Ge surprised him and defeated him, capturing his officer Sun Hanyun (
442:) fell into one of the pits along with his horse. When Li Keyong tried to personally save Li Luoluo, he also fell into a pit and was nearly captured by the Xuanwu/Weibo forces. Li Luoluo, however, was captured. Li Keyong offered to ransom Li Luoluo, but Zhu instead delivered Li Luoluo to Luo, who executed him. Li Keyong, after the defeat, was forced to withdraw, leaving Tianping and Taining without hope of aid from him. Ge thereafter returned to Yun and continued his siege against Yun.
771:), whom he had left in charge at Xuanwu's capital Bian Prefecture, recalled Ge and jointly attacked Pinglu with Ge. Ge subsequently put Yan under siege, but with Liu treating his family well, Ge did not dare to attack with great fervor. After Wang suffered repeated defeats and decided to resubmit to Zhu, however, Liu surrendered to Ge. Ge treated him well and sent Liu to Bian to meet with Zhu; Zhu, impressed by how Liu had taken Yan, made Liu a major general.
184:) who had turned against Tang and was pillaging nearby circuits — Zhu became trapped after his horse fell with Qin's soldiers pursuing him. Ge helped Zhu back onto a horse, while he himself battled the soldiers chasing Zhu. He suffered wounds to his face, his hips were hit by arrows, and he was speared several times, but he fought Qin's soldiers off and saved Zhu's life. Subsequently, both he and Zhu were saved by the officer Zhang Yanshou (
395:) to allow his forces through Weibo to attack Hedong and to contribute food and horses to the effort. Luo refused. Zhu thereafter sent Ding and Ge to attack Weibo. They took several Weibo cities quickly, and Zhu himself followed up with a larger force and defeated Luo in several battles. Luo, in fear, submitted a tribute and sought peace. Zhu agreed to peace, and thereafter Weibo became a vassal to Zhu.
727:); and Shi Shucong commanding the main forces through Tianjing Pass (天井關, in modern Jincheng). Hedong's border defenses largely failed, and the six commanders converged at Taiyuan and put it under siege. However, after the combined forces suffered some losses in skirmishes and suffered from the lack of food supplies and illnesses, Zhu ordered a withdrawal.
761:), a long-time Zhu vassal, received the edict, he decided to do so, and he sent many of his officers, disguised as merchants, to a number of circuits, hoping to surprise Zhu's garrisons at those circuits and take them over by surprise. However, most of these Pinglu officers were discovered, with the only successful one being
765:, who was able to seize Yan, with Ge away at that time at Ming. Liu Xun decided to try not to alienate Ge, and he did so by treating Ge's mother and wife with respect, and allowing Ge's family members to remain in the posts that they were in at Yan. Subsequently, hearing what happened, Zhu's nephew Zhu Youning (
316:) to aid Zhang. The Xuanwu forces defeated the Hedong forces, causing An Xiuxiu to fear punishment and desert the Hedong forces. With the Xuanwu forces posturing to cut off the Hedong forces' return path to Hedong, Kang abandoned the campaign and returned to Hedong, allowing Zhang to retain control of Heyang.
459:) and Ge to attack Yun. In spring 897, Yun's defenses failed, and Zhu Xuan fled, but were captured by the people in the countryside and offered to Ge. Ge delivered him to Zhu Quanzhong, who executed him. Meanwhile, Zhu Jin was running low on food supplies himself, so left his officer Kang Huaizhen (
436:) when Li Keyong, whose request to Luo to allow his forces through to relieve Tianping and Taining was rebuffed, attacked Weibo. Luo sought aid from Zhu Quanzhong, and Zhu recalled Ge from Yun to aid Weibo. Ge dug many pits on the battlefield and, as the armies engaged, Li Keyong's son Li Luoluo (
570:) then committed suicide, allowing Zhu to take over the circuit. Zhu gave Ge the title of acting military governor of Zhaoyi (as these three prefectures of Xingming were originally part of Zhaoyi) and left him in charge of the three prefectures. In winter 898, when Li Keyong sent his nephew
673:
Meanwhile, Li Keyong tried to aid Liu
Rengong and Liu Shouwen by having Li Sizhao attack Ming Prefecture to divert Zhu's forces. He was able to capture Ming, but Ge then engaged and defeated him, forcing him to withdraw. After this victory, Zhu made Ge the military governor of Taining.
479:), whom Li Keyong had sent to aid him before the Weibo path was cut off. Hearing that Zhu Jin was not at Yan, Zhu Quanzhong sent Ge to attack Yan, and Kang surrendered. Zhu Jin tried to counterattack but was repelled, and therefore fled to Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern
525:). The people of Huainan Circuit was greatly shocked and dismayed by Zhu's forces. However, Pang, because he had such an impressive force, underestimated Yang Xingmi's army. Yang Xingmi had Zhu Jin serve as his advance commander, and Zhu constructed a dam on the
494:
Having seized
Tianping and Taining, Zhu Quanzhong turned his attention against Huainan in fall 897. He gathered his available forces and sent Pang with 70,000 soldiers from Xuanwu and Ganhua (感化, headquartered in modern Xuzhou) Circuits to Qingkou (清口, in modern
687:) attacking through Xinkou (新口, in modern Handan); Ge, commanding Taining and Tianping forces, along with supplements from Chengde (which had become a Zhu vassal by that point as well) attacking through Tumen (土門, in modern Shijiazhuang); Zhang Guihou (
529:. When Yang Xingmi attacked Pang, Zhu released the waters to flood Pang's army, and then attacked Pang with Yang. Pang's army was crushed by the waters and the Huainan forces, and Pang was killed. Yang's officer
449:
to attack Weibo. After Li Cunxin initially defeated Ge, Li Keyong himself advanced to Weibo as well, but after Zhu
Quanzhong himself mobilized his main forces and headed for Weibo as well, Li Keyong withdrew.
169:), surrendered to Zhu and became officers in his army. (Allies this time, Zhu and Li Keyong would soon turn mortal enemies after a failed attempt by Zhu to assassinate Li Keyong after Li Keyong insulted him.)
786:
as its
Emperor Taizu, he gave Ge a major general title and had Ge retire to Yanshi (偃師, in modern Luoyang). After Emperor Taizu was assassinated in 912 and subsequently succeeded by his son
782:
After Ge
Congzhou was relieved of his command at Taining, there was no further record of his being involved in a campaign. After Zhu Quanzhong seized the throne in 907 and established
234:). They then engaged Zhu Xuan and Zhu Jin at Pu Prefecture, defeating Zhu Xuan and Zhu Jin, who fled barely alive. This started a war between Zhu Quanzhong and the Zhu cousins.
330:, Zhu was one of the warlords that the imperial government relied to fight Hedong forces from the east side. After the campaign was launched, Li Keyong's brother Li Kegong (
350:) seized control of the circuit, claiming the title of acting military governor. Subsequently, the imperial government named Zhang's deputy, the imperial official Sun Kui (
578:
to try to recapture the three prefectures, Ge defeated them, although his attempt to cut off their escape path and annihilate them was thwarted by Li Keyong's adoptive son
362:) under siege. Zhu, hearing the news, sent Ge to Lu Prefecture to help Feng defend against the Hedong forces' siege, while fellow Xuanwu officers Li Dang and Li Chongyin (
1174:
1179:
412:), which belonged to Tianping. Zhu Xuan and Zhu Jin arrived to try to save Zhu Wei. Zhu Quanzhong himself arrived thereafter and defeated Zhu Xuan and Zhu Jin.
749:
had forcibly taken to
Fengxiang — Han and the other eunuchs issued an edict in Emperor Zhaozong's name ordering the other circuits to rise against Zhu. When
1189:
104:) are their names. It is said that Ge Congzhou, in his youth, was decisive and intelligent. At one point, he became a follower of the agrarian rebel
774:
Meanwhile, Ge continued to suffer from his illness, so Zhu decided to relieve him of his command at
Taining; Zhu replaced him with Kang Huaizhen.
798:
the Prince of Jin)) and created the Prince of
Chenliu, but he remained in retirement at home. Ge died in 916 and was given posthumous honors.
517:), posturing to head to Shou Prefecture (壽州, in modern Lu'an); and Zhu Quanzhong himself with his main forces to Su Prefecture (宿州, in modern
1089:
1077:
1040:
843:
552:), then under Li Keyong's control. Ge quickly captured Ming Prefecture (洺州, in modern Handan) and killed its prefect Xing Shanyi (
795:
228:) and Ge Congzhou to attack Tianping's Cao Prefecture (曹州, in modern Heze); they captured it and killed the prefect Qiu Hongli (
1164:
324:
172:
Ge apparently did not initially achieve a high position in the Xuanwu army. However, later that year, when Zhu was engaging
20:
66:. Ge's health problems later forced him into retirement, but he remained in honored status after Emperor Taizu established
783:
67:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
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1114:
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1106:
1061:
1024:
1005:
989:
968:
945:
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906:
887:
866:
1154:
327:
1094:
1082:
1045:
848:
790:, Ge was given the title of military governor of Zhaoyi (an honorary title, as Zhaoyi was then under the control of
614:
In summer 900, Zhu sent Ge, commanding forces from Xuanwu, Tianping, Xuanyi, and Weibo, to attack Liu
Rengong's son
791:
533:
also defeated Ge's army. Hearing that both of his generals had been defeated, Zhu
Quanzhong also retreated. The
677:
In spring 901, with Li Keyong's strength dwindling, Zhu launched a major six-pronged attack on Hedong's capital
1184:
1169:
446:
320:
821:
743:
730:
It was soon after this withdrew that Ge became chronically ill. In 903, when Zhu Quanzhong was attacking
78:
It is not known when Ge Congzhou was born, but it is known that he was from Pu Prefecture (濮州, in modern
762:
108:
and became a key officer in Huang's army during the time that Huang claimed the title of Emperor of Qi.
1159:
659:
307:
356:), military governor of Zhaoyi. Hedong forces subsequently put Zhaoyi's capital Lu Prefecture (
190:). As a result of the battle, Zhu demoted a number of officers but promoted both Ge and Zhang.
670:) then tried to mediate, and with Ge's army running into unfavorable weather, Zhu recalled Ge.
534:
306:), to siege Heyang Circuit's capital Heyang. Zhang sought aid from Zhu Quanzhong, who sent
59:
646:). When Liu Rengong himself tried to come to Liu Shouwen's aid, Ge left Zhang Cunjing (
558:). He then attacked Xing Prefecture (邢州, in modern Xingtai), and its prefect Ma Shisu (
86:). All that are recorded in traditional histories about his great-grandfather Ge Ruan (
1101:
861:
544:
In 898, Zhu Quanzhong sent Ge to attack Xingming Circuit (邢洺, headquartered in modern
1148:
538:
518:
384:
251:), Zhu Quanzhong sent Zhu Zhen and Ge to engage him; they defeated and captured him.
28:
663:
255:
173:
112:
63:
658:) in charge of the siege and engaged Liu Rengong himself, defeating Liu Rengong.
509:); Ge with the forces from Tianping and Taining Circuits to Anfeng (安豐, in modern
176:— a former Tang military governor of Fengguo Circuit (奉國, headquartered in modern
787:
750:
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706:
694:
615:
594:
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488:
380:
415:
In late 895, Zhu Quanzhong sent Ge to attack Zhu Jin's capital Yan Prefecture (
145:). In the aftermaths of the defeat, Ge, along with other Qi officers Li Dang (
115:
forces, Huang was attacking a former subordinate who had turned Tang general —
54:(Zhu Quanzhong) while Zhu Quanzhong was a warlord and military officer (Xuanwu
731:
640:). He then put Liu Shouwen under siege at Yichang's capital Cang Prefecture (
575:
526:
496:
430:
In summer 896, Ge was apparently attacking Tianping's capital Yun Prefecture (
279:
275:
274:) and seized control of Heyang, Li Hanzhi sought aid from Li Keyong, who sent
105:
427:). Ge, however, subsequently ended the siege of Yan and returned to Xuanwu.
818:
A Portrait of Five Dynasties China: From the Memoirs of Wang Renyu (880-956)
579:
571:
564:) fled. The prefect of Ci Prefecture (磁州, in modern Handan), Yuan Fengtao (
263:
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720:
631:
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83:
742:) — under the declared rationale of rescuing Emperor Zhaozong, whom the
734:
the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern
593:) launched a major attack on Weibo, and Luo Hongxin's son and successor
323:
declared a general campaign against Li Keyong, under the command of the
754:
739:
698:
678:
590:
545:
537:
thus affirmed Yang's control of the territory between the Huai and the
500:
470:
336:) the military governor of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern
267:
259:
211:
202:
the military governor of Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern
138:
126:
116:
51:
662:
the military governor of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern
618:
the military governor of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern
214:
the military governor of Taining Circuit (泰寧, headquartered in modern
753:
the military governor of Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern
724:
627:
604:
589:
the military governor of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern
466:
465:) in defense of Yan and went to pillage Xu Prefecture (徐州, in modern
388:
373:
341:
266:
the military governor of Heyang Circuit (河陽, headquartered in modern
244:
215:
198:
In 887, when Zhu Quanzhong decided to turn against his former allies
142:
137:
the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
697:
the military governor of Yiwu Circuit (義武, headquartered in modern
491:. Zhu thereafter made Ge the acting military governor of Taining.
487:) with Shi and Li Chengsi to submit to Huainan's military governor
735:
710:
702:
667:
623:
608:
549:
522:
514:
405:
392:
271:
248:
243:) to pillage Chen (陳州, in modern Zhumadian) and Bo (亳州, in modern
181:
130:
111:
In 884, by which time Huang was near total defeat under attack by
79:
626:). Ge quickly captured Yichang's De Prefecture (德州, in modern
603:), an officer from Xuanyi Circuit (宣義, headquartered in modern
503:), posturing to head toward Huainan's capital Yang Prefecture (
582:, although his grasp on the three prefectures was affirmed.
237:
In spring 888, when Qin Zongquan sent his general Shi Fan (
453:
After Li Keyong's withdrawal, Zhu again sent Pang Shigu (
344:) was assassinated in a mutiny, and his officer Feng Ba (
794:(which was then ruled by Li Keyong's son and successor
398:
In late 893, Zhu Quanzhong sent Ge to attack Zhu Wei (
222:) (who were cousins to each other), he sent Zhu Zhen (
693:) attacking through Maling (馬嶺, in modern Xingtai);
473:) with the Hedong officers Shi Yan and Li Chengsi (
133:), but was crushed by the joint forces of Zhu and
125:) of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered, in modern
258:, the mayor of Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., the
194:Campaigns under Zhu Quanzhong in late Tang times
404:) the prefect of Qi Prefecture (齊州, in modern
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836:
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830:
806:
1180:Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi
163:), and Zhang's brother Zhang Guihou (
7:
681:— with Weibo officer Zhang Wengong (
634:) and killed its prefect Fu Gonghe (
1190:Tang dynasty generals from Shandong
368:) put Ze Prefecture (澤州, in modern
445:In fall 896, Li Keyong again sent
14:
1090:New History of the Five Dynasties
1041:New History of the Five Dynasties
719:) through Yindi (陰地, in modern
705:) through Feihu (飛狐, in modern
50:), was a general serving under
689:
683:
648:
560:
423:
352:
346:
186:
165:
159:
119:, then the military governor (
46:
24:
1:
1078:History of the Five Dynasties
844:History of the Five Dynasties
387:(魏博, headquartered in modern
319:In 890, when then-reigning
1206:
254:Later in spring 888, when
92:), grandfather Ge Yuxian (
767:
715:
654:
642:
636:
599:
566:
554:
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475:
461:
455:
438:
432:
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239:
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153:
147:
100:
94:
88:
36:
262:region), turned against
822:Oxford University Press
816:Glen Dudbridge (2013).
98:), and father Ge Jian (
310:, Ge, and Niu Cunjie (
1165:Politicians from Heze
652:) and Shi Shucong (
1155:9th-century births
300:), and An Xiuxiu (
535:Battle of Qingkou
42:Prince of Chenliu
1197:
1065:
1055:
1049:
1037:
1028:
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156:
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97:
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49:
48:
40:), formally the
39:
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1185:Zhaoyi jiedushi
1170:Qi (Huang Chao)
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841:
828:
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808:
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585:In spring 899,
294:), An Quanjun (
196:
76:
12:
11:
5:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1187:
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1177:
1172:
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1102:Zizhi Tongjian
1098:
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1050:
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1021:Zizhi Tongjian
1010:
1002:Zizhi Tongjian
994:
986:Zizhi Tongjian
973:
965:Zizhi Tongjian
950:
942:Zizhi Tongjian
927:
919:Zizhi Tongjian
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903:Zizhi Tongjian
892:
884:Zizhi Tongjian
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862:Zizhi Tongjian
853:
826:
805:
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800:
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539:Yangtze Rivers
195:
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75:
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62:) late in the
27:) (died 916),
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29:courtesy name
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781:
773:
729:
713:); Hou Yan (
676:
672:
664:Shijiazhuang
613:
584:
574:and officer
543:
493:
452:
444:
429:
414:
397:
378:
318:
288:), Shi Yan (
282:, Xue Atan (
256:Zhang Quanyi
253:
236:
197:
174:Qin Zongquan
171:
151:), Huo Cun (
120:
110:
77:
64:Tang dynasty
55:
41:
31:
16:
15:
788:Zhu Youzhen
784:Later Liang
751:Wang Shifan
747:Han Quanhui
707:Zhangjiakou
695:Wang Chuzhi
616:Liu Shouwen
595:Luo Shaowei
587:Liu Rengong
531:Zhu Yanshou
489:Yang Xingmi
381:Luo Hongxin
68:Later Liang
17:Ge Congzhou
1160:916 deaths
1149:Categories
802:References
778:Retirement
732:Li Maozhen
576:Zhou Dewei
527:Huai River
325:chancellor
280:Li Cunxiao
276:Kang Junli
106:Huang Chao
74:Background
58:, seat in
660:Wang Rong
580:Li Siyuan
572:Li Sizhao
447:Li Cunxin
328:Zhang Jun
264:Li Hanzhi
178:Zhumadian
135:Li Keyong
1105:, vols.
1062:vol. 268
1025:vol. 264
1006:vol. 263
990:vol. 262
969:vol. 261
946:vol. 260
923:vol. 259
907:vol. 258
888:vol. 257
867:vol. 255
824:. p. 98.
796:Li Cunxu
759:Shandong
721:Jinzhong
632:Shandong
620:Cangzhou
485:Yangzhou
481:Yangzhou
410:Shandong
370:Jincheng
338:Changzhi
308:Ding Hui
220:Shandong
208:Shandong
200:Zhu Xuan
122:jiedushi
84:Shandong
60:Bianzhou
56:jiedushi
1095:vol. 21
1083:vol. 16
1046:vol. 21
849:vol. 16
763:Liu Xun
755:Weifang
740:Shaanxi
699:Baoding
679:Taiyuan
591:Beijing
546:Xingtai
501:Jiangsu
497:Huai'an
471:Jiangsu
268:Jiaozuo
260:Luoyang
212:Zhu Jin
139:Taiyuan
127:Kaifeng
52:Zhu Wen
32:Tongmei
21:Chinese
744:eunuch
725:Shanxi
628:Dezhou
605:Anyang
519:Suzhou
467:Xuzhou
389:Handan
374:Shanxi
342:Shanxi
245:Bozhou
216:Jining
210:) and
204:Tai'an
143:Shanxi
23::
1071:Notes
736:Baoji
711:Hebei
703:Hebei
668:Hebei
624:Hebei
609:Henan
550:Hebei
523:Anhui
515:Anhui
511:Lu'an
406:Jinan
393:Hebei
272:Henan
249:Anhui
182:Henan
131:Henan
113:Tang
80:Heze
1139:264
1135:263
1131:262
1127:261
1123:260
1119:259
1115:258
1111:257
1107:255
792:Jin
768:朱友寧
690:張歸厚
684:張文恭
655:氏叔琮
649:張存敬
637:傅公和
600:賀德倫
567:袁奉韜
561:馬師素
555:邢善益
476:李承嗣
462:康懷貞
456:龐師古
439:李落落
424:孫漢筠
365:李重胤
333:李克恭
313:牛存節
303:安休休
297:安全俊
285:薛阿檀
231:丘弘禮
187:張延壽
166:張歸厚
160:張歸霸
95:葛遇賢
47:陳留王
25:葛從周
1151::
1137:,
1133:,
1129:,
1125:,
1121:,
1117:,
1113:,
1109:,
1093:,
1081:,
1060:,
1044:,
1032:^
1023:,
1013:^
1004:,
988:,
976:^
967:,
953:^
944:,
930:^
921:,
905:,
895:^
886:,
874:^
865:,
847:,
829:^
820:.
809:^
757:,
738:,
723:,
716:侯言
709:,
701:,
666:,
643:滄州
630:,
622:,
607:,
548:,
541:.
521:,
513:,
506:揚州
499:,
483:,
469:,
433:鄆州
418:兗州
408:,
401:朱威
391:,
372:,
359:潞州
353:孫揆
347:馮霸
340:,
291:史儼
270:,
247:,
240:石璠
225:朱珍
218:,
206:,
180:,
154:霍存
148:李讜
141:,
129:,
101:葛簡
89:葛阮
82:,
70:.
37:通美
1141:.
1097:.
1085:.
1064:.
1048:.
1027:.
1008:.
992:.
971:.
948:.
925:.
909:.
890:.
869:.
851:.
44:(
34:(
19:(
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