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were about a hundred or so survivors, although it is not clear who witnessed the incident and to whom the story was told. reportedly. There are also stories that Asano was only trying to talk to them, but not about the white flag, and that an old woman near Asano was always wearing a white blanket, so the white flag may have been confused with the old woman's blanket, which was inflated. Soviet troops launched an attack against the action column from the hilltop, with tanks advancing with machine-gun fire. The Soviet tanks continued the attack to some extent, then turned back and repeated the attack four or five times. When the tank attacks ceased, Soviet soldiers disembarked from trucks and tanks and shot and bayoneted survivors one after another as soon as they were found. Even those who escaped being killed by direct gunfire were often wounded by bullets or had family members killed, and many ended up with their families in their hands or committed suicide. It is estimated that only a hundred or so were later positively confirmed to have survived. Nearly 200 of the victims were pupils from the Xing'an Street Zaiman
National School. The crucial Kwantung Army units that were supposed to be escorting and counter-attacking had already moved south.
1721:
Here, seven companies were formed, known as the 'Xing'an Seven Life
Squadrons', and a handful of men with rifles and hand grenades were assigned to escort each company. The original destination of the action group was the 扎扎德特旗 (ジャライド旗) Ondol township (also known as Ondol township, Indol and Intor), about 100 kilometres to the north-east. However, the train was already gone, and although 30 horse-drawn wagons had been prepared earlier, these had been requisitioned by the Kwantung Army the day before (strictly speaking, one carriage was left behind for transporting sick people ). In view of the fatigue of the women and girls and the security situation in the area, the plan was to go on foot to Gegenmiao Township, about 35 kilometres southeast of Xing'an Street, wait for the train (Bai'a Line) to Gegenmiao Station to arrive there, evacuate to
1733:
killed by Soviet soldiers, followed by an attack by the
Chinese, who stripped her of all her clothes and cut off her breasts with a sickle. When the Chinese found surviving mothers and children, they beat the mothers with sticks and took the children away. Children whose parents had been killed were gathered with the surviving adults, and the Chinese took them as well. At the time, it was common for Japanese boys to be sold for 300 yen and girls for 500 yen. Some of the survivors gathered in groups and began to commit mass suicide, stabbing to death those who wanted to commit suicide, and some men and even women left saying they would form a death squad with rifles and go for revenge, but it seems that they did not fight back.
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mob, and it took them over a week to reach Zhenxi
Station, 10 km from Gegenmiao Station. The women decided to take shelter in an abandoned house in a field a short distance from the station, but at night they were discovered by Soviet soldiers, who assaulted them until midnight. When the assault was over, the Soviet soldiers threw a pile of dead grass from the outdoor area into the house, set it on fire and tried to burn the women to death. The girl and her sister testified that they were able to escape because they were near a window, but that the other women seemed to be unable to escape because of the speed of the fire. The girl who survived was then forced to live as a residual orphan.
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pioneer group site incident, children above the fifth grade were forced to take part in the fighting, regardless of gender. Alternatively, it is possible that some kind of fighting had already occurred with other
Japanese civilian groups during this period before the end of the war, and that the Soviet Army, which also had female soldiers, was under the impression that the Japanese, even as a civilian group, mixed with women and girls and participated in the fighting. There are also theories that Soviet generals who wanted to use the weapons supplied to them may have been turned off by the fact that the Kwantung Army had fled so quickly that they turned their spears towards the refugees.
1725:(later Baicheng in Jilin Province) and take a train further south while receiving protection from the Kwantung Army there. The plan was changed and the movement started on the following day, the 12th. There are theories that the evacuees relied on the Gezhimen Temple as a place of protection and rest, that they relied on the assistance of Japanese lamas in the temple, and that the Qigong Police had buried a large quantity of opium in the Gezhimen Temple in preparation for an eventuality, and relied on it as an asset to make a living if the evacuees were stranded in Manchuria. On the evening of the 13th, heavy rain was said to have fallen.
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Gegnebiao
Village the night before and reported the incident. Conversely, there is also testimony that although Soviet aircraft were constantly flying over, they did not attack them in any particular way, so they were not on special alert. Some said that the attack was so fierce that they thought they were mistaken for Japanese troops because the men were carrying firearms for protection, and in fact, there were Japanese scouts and messengers in the vicinity, although not a large contingent, who also witnessed the incident. The refugees actually mistaken for a large contingent of Japanese troops.
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1759:(also known as the Sado Settlement Incident) is said to have killed more than 1,400 people, or in one theory, approximately 2,000 people, in self-determination and fighting with the Soviet Army. However, the victims of this incident were members of other pioneer groups who gathered in the vacant houses and facilities after the Sado pioneer group left the settlement). The Sado Settlement Site Incident is usually referred to as the "greatest tragedy of the Zenman Settlement".
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1801:) stopped in the area north-west of the Gezhne Temple, but no combat action took place in the vicinity of that place and no shots were fired. On 15 August, this unit continued its attack on Bai Chengzi and occupied Bai Chengzi Station, which was then occupied by a group of tanks from the 61st Tank Division. In looking at published documents after
1656:. Chinese civilians raped and murdered a Japanese woman after Red Army soldiers murdered her child. The Red Army pursued and murdered a Japanese family that tried to hide in the trenches. The Red Army also beat mothers into submission in order to kidnap their children. In the market, a Japanese boy could sell for 300 yen, and a girl for 500 yen.
1740:
Meanwhile, some
Chinese, Mongolians and Koreans provided food for the survivors, and some Chinese were generous with their children. The surviving children of the action group, whose parents were killed, became Chinese residual orphans for various reasons. About 30 became residual orphans. Many women
1720:
It is known that Ryozo Asano's unit also sent messengers to the surrounding settlements to encourage them to join up. That night, Ryozo Asano's action group entered the town of
Urahata, 4 km east of Xing'an, where a cookout was also held and they spent the night in a school and air-raid shelter.
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in the Hingan
Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia) was bombed, almost destroying the urban functions of Xing'an. It is estimated that 3,000 of the 4,000 civilians of the Xing'an General Administration were in Xing'an. Xing'an had long prepared for the Soviet invasion with the 'Xing'meng Measures', in
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At about 11:40 am on 14 August, when the action group reached the vicinity of the
Gegenmyo Hill where the Lamaist temple is located, they encountered an infantry unit with 14 Soviet medium-sized tanks and 20 trucks. It is said that the column stretched for two kilometres at this time, and that there
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After the war ended on 15 August, attacks continued against displaced persons who had survived and fled. According to the testimony of a 12-year-old girl who joined a group of about 10 women after the incident, the group of women she joined was attacked, robbed of their clothes and assaulted by the
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In fact, on the 10th, when the Takatsuna Corps of Group 1, which included families of military personnel, was assembling, the Kwantung Army had rather requisitioned trucks and wagons that the Asano Corps of Group 2 had prepared based on the Manchurian measures, ostensibly as necessary for fighting
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In general, the displaced persons' groups at this time often had weapons as small as rifles, and sometimes there were even groups equipped with light machine guns. In the pioneer groups that originally dealt with bandits and others, women sometimes took part in the fighting, and in the later Sado
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As for the cause or trigger of the incident, there are theories that Soviet planes came to reconnaissance the day before and on the day of the incident and dropped bombs, and that the reconnaissance planes guided the group, or that the group had a problem with local Mongolians when they stayed in
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Even after the Soviet soldiers left, there were sporadic sounds of gunfire, presumably due to suicide. In addition, local residents appeared to plunder the corpses and stripped the bodies of their clothes and other items. Others drowned in the river while trying to escape. One woman had her child
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did not even inform the General Office officials of the retreat, and that the residents of the eastern area, many of whom were self-employed or office workers, were at a disadvantage in obtaining information and securing trucks and wagons, while the residents of the western area had military
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Fujiwara Sakuya describes this incident as the greatest tragedy encountered by Japanese refugees in Manchuria at the end of the war, in that they were indiscriminately massacred by the attack of one country's army rather than by a mob. However, in terms of the number of casualties, the
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the Soviet Army, while hiding the fact that the army was withdrawing itself. It is highly possible that the first to third groups were not mere divisions, but rather the order in which the Kwantung Army evacuated its own families and property first to ensure their escape.
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Group 2: The plan was to evacuate the residents of the eastern half of Xing'an led by Counsellor Asano Ryozo, which included personnel from cooperative companies and the telegraph and telephone bureau. It is reported that many were self-employed and company employees.
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As a result, not only did Asano's group miss the railway service, but also had trouble securing transport for the sick, elderly and infants, and finally managed to find one carriage, and at 4pm on the 11th, an action group was finally organised under Asano's command.
1652:. After two hours, Red Army soldiers had murdered well over one thousand Japanese refugees, mostly women and children. Angry Chinese civilians chased a group of Japanese refugees into a river, where many drowned. Soldiers raped several women and children, sometimes
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Group 1: The plan was to evacuate the inhabitants of the western half of Xing'an, led by Xing'an General Counsellor Gao Chuan, where the General Administration Office resided and the families of personnel related to the Military Academy also belonged.
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The Takatsuna team started their departure on the 10th and by the morning of the 11th, they were all on the last goods train and successfully made it out.
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was released, directed by a survivor whose mother and little siblings were murdered by Red Army soldiers in the massacre.
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which the evacuation plan was divided into three groups according to residential area and workplace location.
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1679:, and furthermore, before dawn on 9 August, launched an invasion of Manchukuo, Korea and Sakhalin Island.
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2053:"As World War II entered its final stages the belligerent powers committed one heinous act after another"
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On 10 and 11 August, Xing'an (otherwise known as Xing'an Street or Wang'ya Temple. Later
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soldiers committed the massacre in Gegenmiao/Koken-miao (present day: Gegenmiao zhen;
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Gegenmiao/Koken-miao (葛根廟) on August 14, 1945, during the Khingan–Mukden Operation in
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200 students from local school were killed, including the headmaster and his wife.
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and a part of the local Chinese population against over half of a group of 1,800
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The Red Army murdered over 1,000 Japanese refugees by the end of the massacre.
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2227:"(2ページ目)「ギャーという悲鳴、ブスブスッと銃弾が体に食い込む音が…」日本人1000人をソ連戦車部隊が殺害"葛根廟事件"に巻き込まれた少年の証言"
2139:"(2ページ目)「ギャーという悲鳴、ブスブスッと銃弾が体に食い込む音が…」日本人1000人をソ連戦車部隊が殺害"葛根廟事件"に巻き込まれた少年の証言"
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According to Soviet military combat records, on 14 August, the Soviet
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Reports from the Soviet 39th Army after the massacre, 14 August 1945.
2304:"「ソ連兵が戦車から何人も降りてきて、片っ端から撃ち殺し…」民間人1000人殺害"葛根廟事件"で生き残った日本人が語った"凄惨な現場""
1916:
Japanese War Orphans in Manchuria: Forgotten Victims of World War II
1698:
Group 3: Tokyo EBARA Pioneer Group and Niyi Butsuri Pioneer Group
2163:"【満州文化物語（１１）】級友の多くがソ連軍に殺されたなんて…生死分けた「紙一重」 助かった者たちのトラウマ（2/4ページ）"
2094:"【満州文化物語（１１）】級友の多くがソ連軍に殺されたなんて…生死分けた「紙一重」 助かった者たちのトラウマ（1/4ページ）"
1231:
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2015:"Survivor of 1945 'Gegenmiao' massacre continues to tell tale"
1941:"An August Storm: the Soviet-Japan Endgame in the Pacific War"
554:
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personnel who were the first to know about the situation.
1805:, nothing written about this has been found until 2014.
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Survivors and their families designated August 14 as a
2195:"大島満吉・興安街命日会代表 著者と語る『葛根廟事件の証言 草原の惨劇・平和への祈り』 2014.7.17"
2435:"娘の首に刀を…「ごめんね、母さんもすぐに逝くからね」 ソ連軍に蹂躙された「葛根廟事件」（4/4ページ）"
2416:"娘の首に刀を…「ごめんね、母さんもすぐに逝くからね」 ソ連軍に蹂躙された「葛根廟事件」（3/4ページ）"
2375:"娘の首に刀を…「ごめんね、母さんもすぐに逝くからね」 ソ連軍に蹂躙された「葛根廟事件」（2/4ページ）"
2360:
86:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
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for the event. The ceremony occurs in the temple of
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1741:were also forced to become Chinese residual women.
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2292:. 新風書房. 1992-09-01. pp. 50, 69, 70, 124, 89.
2712:"私の8・15＜1＞葛根廟事件 戦争はもうたくさん 母は頭に銃弾を浴びていました 川内光雄さん"
2610:Kakkon-byo - War told by newspaper reporters (5)
2266:"知られざる満州の悲劇「葛根廟事件」…壕に入りソ連軍が発砲、母親がつぶやいた「どうしようかね」"
1793:(belonging to the 5th Guards Rifle Corps of the
351:women and children who had taken refuge in the
2474:. Vol. 6. 読売新聞社. 1969-04-01. p. 43.
1982:
1980:
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8:
2127:. （株）社会思想社. pp. 328–329, 334, 330, 335.
2798:Sexual violence in Asia during World War II
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2748:World War II massacres by the Soviet Union
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147:. Please do not remove this message until
2758:Massacres of the Second Sino-Japanese War
1910:
1908:
185:Learn how and when to remove this message
167:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2612:] (in Japanese). Shimpu Publishing.
1797:. The commander was Senior General I.I.
1202:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931–1936)
1143:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894–1895)
143:Relevant discussion may be found on the
82:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2078:『徒歩旅行 : 体位向上』日本国際観光局満洲支部、1940年、p47
1904:
2504:(朝刊 ed.). 1968-08-06. p. 7.
2489:(朝刊 ed.). 1968-07-28. p. 7.
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1879:Allied war crimes during World War II
7:
2565:. Tokatsu Shoko Newspaper & Co.
2451:
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16:1945 massacre by the Soviet Red Army
2527:"Witness to the Gegenmiao Massacre"
2514:
2500:"［昭和史の天皇］573 開拓団の人々34 児童、木ヤリで突撃".
1918:, Palgrave Macmillan, April 2010,
14:
2485:"［昭和史の天皇］564 開拓団の人々25 若妻、戦車に突撃".
1833:Witness to the Gegenmiao Massacre
1673:Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty
34:This article has multiple issues.
2738:Anti-Japanese sentiment in China
1183:German Pacific possesions (1914)
299:
218:
122:
64:
23:
1158:Manchuria and Korea (1904–1905)
42:or discuss these issues on the
2402:
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2349:
2338:
1704:It is also explained that the
1:
2578:Tsuchiya Okushi (June 1996).
1964:
1857:Sado Settlement Site massacre
1831:In 2017, a documentary named
1448:Mediterranean and Middle East
2768:Massacres committed by China
2753:Japan–Soviet Union relations
2533:. 2019-12-21. Archived from
1429:Manchuria and Northern Korea
1031:Manchuria and Northern Korea
357:Soviet invasion of Manchuria
2743:Child sexual abuse in China
2433:文化部編集委員 喜多由浩 (2015-11-08).
2414:文化部編集委員 喜多由浩 (2015-11-08).
2373:文化部編集委員 喜多由浩 (2015-11-08).
1997:
1986:
829:Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
786:Strategic bombing (1944–45)
149:conditions to do so are met
2814:
2361:Yomiuri Shimbun Osaka 1992
2040:
1869:List of massacres in China
1780:91st Guards Rifle Division
1776:19th Guards Rifle Division
1772:17th Guards Rifle Division
1107:Military campaigns of the
978:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
2165:. 産経新聞社. 20 November 2015
2096:. 産経新聞社. 20 November 2015
1638:Horqin Right Front Banner
1268:
1148:Liaodong Peninsula (1895)
1118:
594:
403:
244:August 14, 1945
217:
204:
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1987:Okushi, 1996 pp. 163-165
1750:Sado Kaitakudan incident
1434:pre-war border conflicts
1217:Asia-Pacific (1941–1945)
1065:Second Sino-Japanese War
905:Estevan Point Lighthouse
660:Indian Ocean (1941–1945)
611:Marshalls–Gilberts raids
2763:War crimes in Manchukuo
2254:. 東京書籍(株). p. 162.
2197:. 日本記者クラブ. 18 July 2014
1998:Okushi, 1996 pp.158-164
1212:French Indochina (1940)
667:Japanese merchant raids
2268:. 読売新聞社. 2 August 2021
1667:On 8 August 1945, the
966:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
810:Burma and India (1944)
633:Gilberts and Marshalls
2783:Child murder in China
2602:Yomiuri Shimbun Osaka
2339:大櫛 (1996) pp. 158-164
1889:Massacre of Grischino
1677:declared war on Japan
1359:Yugoslavian Partisans
876:Philippines (1944–45)
834:Philippines (1941–42)
2584:Ron-syobo Publishing
2458:麻山事件―満洲の野に婦女子四百余名自決す
2456:中村 雪子 (1983-01-01).
2058:History News Network
1965:Fujiwara, 1995 p.323
1884:Nemmersdorf massacre
1663:Progress of the case
1654:after murdering them
677:Homfreyganj massacre
544:Hokkaido (cancelled)
324:Anti-Japanese racism
75:factual accuracy is
2793:War crimes in China
2715:Nishinippon Shimbun
2606:葛根廟-新聞記者が語りつぐ戦争 (5)
2290:葛根廟 新聞記者が語りつぐ戦争 (5)
2250:三留理男 (1988-08-05).
2123:藤原作弥 (1995-12-30).
2020:Mainichi Daily News
1188:Siberia (1918–1922)
395:Soviet–Japanese War
207:Soviet–Japanese War
136:of this article is
2778:Massacres of women
2363:, pp. 212–222
2061:. 26 February 2006
1784:61st Tank Division
1554:French West Africa
1402:South West Pacific
1310:Denmark and Norway
1024:Japanese surrender
990:Naval bombardments
920:Fire balloon bombs
643:Volcano and Ryukyu
638:Marianas and Palau
337:Gegenmiao incident
333:Gegenmiao massacre
262:women and children
200:Gegenmiao massacre
2773:Massacres in 1945
2654:Nobukatsu Fujioka
2630:(December 1995).
2580:蒼空と草原―殺戮の草原葛根廟巡礼記
2563:殺戮の草原 満州・葛根廟事件の証言
2041:Hando, 2002 p.317
1924:978-0-230-62281-4
1874:Soviet war crimes
1636:), a town in the
1626:
1625:
1547:Strategic bombing
1470:Mediterranean Sea
1225:
1224:
1153:China (1899–1901)
1073:
1072:
915:Lookout Air Raids
822:Southwest Pacific
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2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2523:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2411:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2223:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2191:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2090:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2049:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2011:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1984:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1936:
1930:
1912:
1865:
1853:
1827:
1792:
1758:
1613:French Indochina
1263:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1229:
1113:
1111:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1077:
1045:Manchuria (1945)
900:Aleutian Islands
750:Indochina (1945)
720:Indochina (1940)
706:2nd Indian Ocean
689:1st Indian Ocean
684:Christmas Island
589:
579:
572:
565:
556:
398:
396:
386:
379:
372:
363:
304:
303:
251:
249:
222:
197:
190:
183:
172:
165:
161:
158:
152:
126:
125:
118:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
88:reliably sourced
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2723:
2722:
2708:
2698:
2682:(August 2002).
2680:Kazutoshi Hando
2678:
2672:
2656:(August 1996).
2652:
2646:
2636:Shakaishiso-sha
2628:Sakuya Fujiwara
2626:
2620:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2577:
2561:(August 1976).
2559:Tsuchiya Okushi
2557:
2554:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2531:The Japan Times
2525:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2403:大櫛 (1996) p.166
2401:
2397:
2392:大櫛 (1996) p.138
2390:
2386:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2350:半藤 (2002) p.317
2348:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2318:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2209:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2177:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2024:
2013:
2012:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1859:
1847:
1845:Mashan massacre
1841:
1821:
1819:Gohyakurakan-ji
1815:day of memorial
1811:
1786:
1752:
1665:
1627:
1622:
1516:Other campaigns
1510:Southern France
1419:Burma and India
1414:South-East Asia
1409:Franco-Thai War
1264:
1258:
1256:
1226:
1221:
1207:China (1937–45)
1178:Tsingtao (1914)
1165:
1114:
1110:Empire of Japan
1109:
1106:
1104:
1074:
1069:
1061:
973:Mariana Islands
846:Solomon Islands
815:Burma (1944–45)
805:Burma (1942–43)
800:Burma (1941–42)
793:Burma and India
725:Franco-Thai War
672:Andaman Islands
599:Central Pacific
590:
585:
583:
553:
548:
399:
394:
392:
390:
298:
269:
247:
245:
225:
210:
191:
180:
179:
178:
173:
162:
156:
153:
142:
127:
123:
112:
101:
95:
92:
81:
73:This article's
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2811:
2809:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
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2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2707:
2706:External links
2704:
2703:
2702:
2696:
2676:
2670:
2662:Sankei Shimbun
2650:
2644:
2624:
2618:
2598:
2592:
2575:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2518:
2515:Zimonin (2010)
2507:
2492:
2477:
2463:
2454:, p. 322。
2444:
2441:(in Japanese).
2425:
2422:(in Japanese).
2406:
2395:
2384:
2381:(in Japanese).
2365:
2353:
2342:
2331:
2316:
2295:
2278:
2257:
2239:
2207:
2175:
2151:
2130:
2106:
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2071:
2044:
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2001:
1990:
1968:
1957:
1931:
1903:
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1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1854:
1840:
1837:
1810:
1807:
1664:
1661:
1646:Inner Mongolia
1642:Hinggan League
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1578:Baltic Nations
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1550:
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1539:
1534:
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1524:
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1190:
1185:
1180:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1133:Ganghwa (1875)
1130:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1060:
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1053:
1052:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1002:
1000:South Sakhalin
997:
992:
987:
980:
975:
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796:
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783:
776:
769:
762:
757:
755:Malacca Strait
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
716:
715:
713:Southeast Asia
709:
708:
703:
698:
697:
696:
686:
681:
680:
679:
669:
663:
662:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
623:Doolittle Raid
620:
613:
608:
602:
601:
595:
592:
591:
584:
582:
581:
574:
567:
559:
550:
549:
547:
546:
541:
540:
539:
529:
528:
527:
522:
517:
510:South Sakhalin
506:
505:
499:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
472:
471:
470:Northern Korea
467:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
440:
439:
437:Hutou Fortress
434:
424:
423:
422:
415:Khingan–Mukden
411:
410:
404:
401:
400:
391:
389:
388:
381:
374:
366:
327:
326:
321:
317:
316:
296:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
270:
267:
264:
263:
257:
253:
252:
242:
238:
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231:
227:
226:
223:
215:
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201:
193:
192:
175:
174:
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2810:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:Rape in China
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:1945 in China
2731:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2717:July 19, 2005
2716:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2645:4-390-11561-8
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2537:on 2022-01-08
2536:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2329:, p. 323
2328:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1942:
1939:Ealey, Mark.
1935:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1914:Mayumi Itoh,
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:Kwantung Army
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
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1643:
1639:
1635:
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1611:
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1601:
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1596:
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1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:Syria–Lebanon
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:Pacific Ocean
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Eastern Front
1364:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:Western Front
1313:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1262:
1259:Campaigns of
1253:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:Taishō period
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:Ryukyu (1879)
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:Taiwan (1874)
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1112:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:Kuril Islands
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
985:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
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952:
949:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:North America
886:
885:
882:
881:Borneo (1945)
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
841:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
823:
820:
819:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
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790:
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781:
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751:
748:
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731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
717:
714:
711:
710:
707:
704:
702:
701:Bay of Bengal
699:
695:
692:
691:
690:
687:
685:
682:
678:
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673:
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664:
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588:
580:
575:
573:
568:
566:
561:
560:
557:
545:
542:
538:
535:
534:
533:
532:Kuril Islands
530:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
511:
508:
507:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
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477:
474:
473:
469:
468:
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460:
457:
455:
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450:
447:
445:
444:Songhua River
442:
438:
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1195:Shōwa period
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295:Perpetrators
212:World War II
205:Part of the
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36:Please help
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2684:ソ連が満洲に侵攻した夏
1950:21 February
1945:Japan Focus
1860: [
1848: [
1822: [
1803:perestroika
1787: [
1753: [
1542:Air Warfare
1463:East Africa
1050:Mutanchiang
871:New Britain
587:Pacific War
432:Mutanchiang
268:Attack type
2727:Categories
2697:4167483114
2671:4594020402
2658:教科書が教えない歴史
2619:4882691981
2593:4845510286
2571:B000J6NAVG
2541:2022-01-08
2310:2023-06-01
2272:2023-06-01
2233:2023-06-01
2201:2023-06-01
2169:2023-06-01
2145:2023-06-09
2100:2023-06-01
2065:2022-01-08
2027:2022-01-08
1895:References
1828:in Tokyo.
1723:Baichengzi
1671:broke the
1650:white flag
1583:Yugoslavia
1564:Madagascar
1527:Antarctica
1505:Dodecanese
1325:Resistance
1293:Winter War
1283:Phoney War
995:Sagami Bay
984:Starvation
866:New Guinea
449:Amur River
311:and local
290:Over 1,000
248:1945-08-14
233:Gegenmiao
134:neutrality
39:improve it
2632:満洲、少国民の戦記
2604:(1992).
2452:藤原作弥 1995
2327:藤原作弥 1995
2125:満洲、少国民の戦記
1900:Citations
1809:Aftermath
1799:Lyudnikov
1795:39th Army
1441:Australia
1337:Alps 1940
1330:1944–1945
1039:Kantokuen
946:Air raids
861:Australia
851:Coral Sea
745:Singapore
740:Hong Kong
420:Gegenmiao
408:Manchuria
341:war crime
315:civilians
309:39th Army
281:mass rape
273:War crime
145:talk page
84:talk page
45:talk page
1839:See also
1603:Bulgaria
1532:Atlantic
1522:Americas
1475:Adriatic
1057:Chongjin
1018:Downfall
956:Yokosuka
773:Tiderace
730:Thailand
491:Kimchaek
486:Chongjin
353:lamasery
349:Japanese
345:Red Army
306:Red Army
277:massacre
260:Japanese
235:lamasery
230:Location
138:disputed
77:disputed
2552:Sources
2306:. 文藝春秋社
2141:. 文藝春秋社
1684:Ulanhot
1640:of the
1608:Hungary
1598:Romania
1454:Africa
1354:Balkans
1349:Britain
1303:Lapland
1298:Karelia
1288:Finland
1010:Shumshu
895:Ellwood
760:Vietnam
537:Shumshu
525:Otomari
343:by the
335:or the
313:Chinese
246: (
2694:
2668:
2642:
2616:
2590:
2569:
2472:昭和史の天皇
2460:. 草思社.
2229:. 文藝春秋
1928:p. 34.
1922:
1630:Soviet
1537:Arctic
1376:Sicily
1278:Poland
1272:Europe
780:Zipper
766:Jurist
735:Malaya
694:Ceylon
628:Midway
496:Wonsan
454:Fuyuan
339:was a
320:Motive
287:Deaths
256:Target
2608:[
2439:産経新聞社
2420:産経新聞社
2379:産経新聞社
1864:]
1852:]
1826:]
1791:]
1757:]
1618:Japan
1593:Italy
1572:Coups
1480:Malta
1424:Japan
1392:China
1371:Italy
951:Tokyo
939:Japan
856:Timor
515:Maoka
503:Japan
481:Rason
476:Unggi
464:Fujin
459:Heihe
2692:ISBN
2666:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2614:ISBN
2588:ISBN
2567:ASIN
2502:読売新聞
2487:読売新聞
2252:満州棄民
1952:2014
1920:ISBN
1782:and
1675:and
1669:USSR
1634:葛根廟鎭
1588:Iraq
1498:Iran
1488:Iraq
1342:1944
1320:1940
961:Kure
648:Truk
520:Toro
331:The
241:Date
131:The
1644:of
2729::
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