291:
giving
Africans a greater say in government, including opening more civil service jobs to Africans who were qualified, and paying more attention to African leaders. He expected that Nyasaland would eventually become self-governing, but not for many years. In July 1955, Colby announced a radical change in the structure of the legislative council to take effect after elections in 1956. The new council would consist of eleven colonial officials and eleven elected representatives. Of the "unofficials", six would be European, elected by the European Voter's Roll, and five African, elected by the three Provincial Councils.
243:
awkward problem of land allocation. The BCA Company owned large areas of land, some densely populated, that could not be developed without evicting the tenants. Other estates were underdeveloped, while there was a shortage of land for the
Africans. A Land Planning Committee recommended that the government acquire some of this land for use by Africans. In November 1948, at Colby's recommendation, the composition of the Legislative Council was changed to include two African and one Asian "unofficials" and three officials.
187:, a school that taught the virtues of leadership, public service and keeping a cool head in emergencies. An excellent sportsman, he played both cricket (in the 1st XI) and football for the school. Colby retained a passion for cricket throughout his life. It was said that when Governor of Nyasaland he delayed a meeting of his executive council for half an hour so he could listen to the closing overs of a test match. Colby won an open scholarship to
195:, as well as a leaving exhibition from Charterhouse, where he read Natural Sciences (Chemistry) from 1919, taking a third-class degree in 1922. He played poker and tennis and owned a Norton motorcycle which he used to go on trips to London. He was also known quite frequently to climb into college after hours up a wall which was considered by a fellow undergraduate and Alpine mountaineer to be a difficult and dangerous climb .
255:
242:
Colby was appointed
Governor of Nyasaland by Secretary of State Arthur Creech Jones, arriving there on 7 January 1948. This was a Class III Governorship under the Governors' Pension Act and so somewhat disappointing. It carried a salary of £2,500 per annum with a £500 duty allowance . He inherited an
233:
secretariat. He rose quickly through the ranks to be made an
Administrative Secretary in 1945, in which role he acted as Chief Secretary and Governor's Deputy. This appointment was created for him by the governor, Sir Arthur Richards, and represented an unusual advancement over the heads of scores of
219:
When on leave in
England in 1930, Colby was introduced to Lilian Florence Illingworth, then aged 25. They became engaged, and were married on 17 January 1931. He was unable to take his wife back with him to Nigeria, since his position did not allow for a wife, and it took a year before he obtained a
303:
and the major part of the federal government's share of loan funds raised since federation has been spent or earmarked in
Southern Rhodesia". He warned against creeping changes in federal policy on non-African agriculture, and warned that this could lead to "a dangerous security situation". Colby
290:
With federation a fait accompli, Colby said "Our job and primary object in the next few years must be to allay
African fears ... and to convince the African population that Federation is in their best interests and indeed is in the interest of all communities in this territory". Colby recommended
215:
in 1925. In
Nigeria he was first a District Officer in the Northern region at a salary of £500, with £60 advanced for essential equipment. His duties involved lengthy tours on horseback in the hot, dry climate of the North to check on tax collection, the courts and public works. His health during
246:
Colby supported greater educational opportunities for
Africans, but his influence was negative. He opposed compulsory attendance, as requested by the chiefs, and supported age limits for entry into school. The latter harmed girls, who would often delay entering school until a later age. Colby
274:
government pushed ahead with plans, deciding in a
January 1953 conference that the federation would come into effect in August 1953. When the federation was inaugurated there were riots in which eleven Africans were killed and many injured. For a period, the moderate influence of the
283:, Colby said: "I advised originally against the inclusion of Nyasaland not because I objected so much to the idea of federation but rather because I was convinced that there was no goodwill towards us or understanding of our problem in
228:
in 1935 as District Officer, an isolated post. He was an energetic and efficient administrator, improving the roads and increasing crop production. In 1939 he became an Assistant Secretary in the Finance branch of the
804:
287:. I fear I have to say that this had been born out in practice. I do not believe that federation can succeed unless there is a complete change of heart in Salisbury – at present I can see no sign of this".
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In January 1956, in one of his last communications as Governor, Colby pointed out to the Colonial Office the inequities of revenue distribution in the federation. He said that revenue from Nyasaland and
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other colonial officers . In 1947 he was awarded CMG in the Birthday Honours List. He was knighted two years later.
270:. He advised the Colonial Office to exclude Nyasaland from the planned federation, but his advice was ignored. The
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After leaving university, Colby spent a year as an assistant master at his old prep school, and a year working in a
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told Armitage that his greatest problem would be the "conglomeration of smart alecks" at the Colonial Office.
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Contradictions in Post-War Education Policy Formation and Application in Colonial Malawi 1945-1961
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this period was poor, and he always had a jaundiced appearance, perhaps in part due to poor diet.
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251:, and his wife became President of the Girl Guides, giving both these organisations a boost.
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The rise of nationalism in Central Africa: the making of Malawi and Zambia, 1873-1964
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211:. He then applied for an appointment in the Colonial Service, and was posted to
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The United States and the End of British Colonial Rule in Africa, 1941-1968
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Seeds of trouble: government policy and land rights in Nyasaland, 1946–1964
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Colby was born on 25 March 1901, son of a doctor, and was raised in Woking
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between 1948 and 1956. He fought unsuccessfully against creation of the
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secretariat, where he was joined by Lilian. Colby was posted to
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between the ages of seven and thirteen, and in 1914 went on to
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colonial administrator who was Governor of the protectorate of
179:, England. He attended St Wilfred's, a preparatory school, at
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Colonialism to cabinet crisis: a political history of Malawi
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had been "devoted to bolstering a bankrupt and under-taxed
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Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Development governor: a biography of Sir Geoffrey Colby
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suitable post in the Lands and Mines department in the
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accepted the position of Chief Scout of the Nyasaland
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307:Colby left Nyasaland in March 1956. He died in
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279:was weakened. In a letter to his successor,
266:against the wish of African leaders such as
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27:British colonial administrator (1901–1958)
723:Closer association: 1945 - 1958, Volume 9
702:The Cultural bond: sport, empire, society
262:Colby was opposed to the creation of the
155:(25 March 1901 – 22 December 1958) was a
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770:. Harvard University Press. p.
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264:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
258:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
165:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
825:Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge
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657:Chikwekwere Lamba, Isaac (2010).
148:Sir Geoffrey Francis Taylor Colby
55:Sir Geoffrey Francis Taylor Colby
36:Sir Geoffrey Francis Taylor Colby
76:March 1948 – March 1956
835:British expatriates in Nigeria
1:
639:Chipembere: the missing years
87:Edmund Charles Smith Richards
18:Geoffrey Francis Taylor Colby
830:People from colonial Nigeria
747:. African Books Collective.
663:. African Books Collective.
642:. African Books Collective.
762:Rotberg, Robert I. (1965).
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678:Hubbard, James P. (2010).
621:. British Academic Press.
600:. British Academic Press.
277:Nyasaland African Congress
726:. The Stationery Office.
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741:Ross, Andrew C. (2009).
99:Robert Perceval Armitage
720:Murphy, Philip (2005).
268:James Frederick Sangala
193:University of Cambridge
800:Governors of Nyasaland
699:Mangan, J. A. (1992).
476:Chikwekwere Lamba 2010
464:Chikwekwere Lamba 2010
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636:Baker, Colin (2006).
615:Baker, Colin (1994).
594:Baker, Colin (1993).
311:on 22 December 1958.
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238:Governor of Nyasaland
65:Governor of Nyasaland
171:Birth and education
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754:978-99908-87-75-4
691:978-0-7864-5952-0
670:978-99908-87-94-5
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301:Southern Rhodesia
297:Northern Rhodesia
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109:Personal details
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344:Mangan 1992
207:factory at
205:fellmongers
134:Nationality
82:Preceded by
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515:Baker 2006
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332:Baker 1993
315:References
309:Manchester
249:Boy Scouts
209:Galashiels
554:Ross 2009
503:Ross 2009
491:Ross 2009
285:Salisbury
226:Kontagora
161:Nyasaland
72:In office
587:Sources
213:Nigeria
191:at the
157:British
137:British
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