236:(RAS). The RAS Council have "complete freedom as to the grounds on which it is awarded" and it can be awarded for any reason. Past awards have been given for "outstanding personal researches in the fields of astronomy and geophysics" as well as general contributions to astronomy and geophysics "that may be made through leadership in research programmes, through education and through scientific administration". It has been awarded both for research that has taken a lifetime (it has most frequently been given to recognise an extraordinary lifetime achievement), and for specific pieces of research.
133:
219:
22:
267:. A controversy arose and no award was made in 1847. The controversy was resolved by giving 12 "testimonial" awards in 1848 to various people including Adams and Le Verrier, and in 1849 awards resumed, with a limit of one per year. Adams and Le Verrier did not get their gold medals until 1866 and 1868, respectively. Adams, who was then
274:
In some years, particularly early on, the RAS sometimes decided that there were no suitable nominations and so did not award the gold medal. There are therefore 17 years without an award, the most recent being 1942 (on that occasion due to the disruption of the
306:
The first woman to receive the Gold Medal was
Caroline Herschel in 1828. No other woman received the award until Vera Rubin in 1996. Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge were jointly awarded the 2005 Gold Medal in astronomy, the first joint award since 1886.
4410:
5011:
4756:
279:). One medal per year was the usual practise, although two medals were awarded in both 1867 and 1886. To ensure balance in research areas, in 1964 the award was expanded to two medals per year, one in
4362:
4310:
244:
The RAS was founded in 1820 and the first Gold Medals were awarded in 1824. Silver medals were also awarded in 1824 and 1827, but that practice was quickly abandoned, instead the
4588:
4336:
4722:
4146:
5001:
4714:
4991:
4647:
4616:
86:
4366:
4340:
58:
251:
In the early years, more than one medal was often awarded in a year, but by 1833 only one medal was being awarded per year. This caused a problem when
4698:
4690:
4611:
4581:
65:
4927:
4437:
4262:
4414:
4240:
4459:
72:
599:
4288:
4314:
4481:
54:
4996:
4574:
4655:
781:
105:
4388:
4150:
43:
36:
4922:
4907:
4214:
4912:
4892:
469:
4549:
4526:
4500:
879:
393:
2808:
4917:
3311:
451:
79:
3650:
3632:
The first woman to receive the Gold Medal was
Caroline Herschel in 1828. No other woman did so until Vera Rubin in 1996.
3406:
3368:
2604:
2561:
935:
447:
303:
etc.), which remains the current system. All recipients are listed below, along with the years when no award was made.
4825:
4671:
3287:
3117:
2193:
5006:
4970:
4902:
4794:
4597:
4504:
4266:
3654:
3325:
3074:
2998:
2255:
1635:
1033:
421:
245:
233:
32:
4938:
4897:
4789:
4663:
4621:
4177:
3715:
3060:
2239:
1405:
837:
4830:
3710:
3618:
3463:
2965:
2351:
1787:
1523:
1447:
1241:
627:
443:
4949:
2680:
2450:
1557:
1185:
483:
3079:
2027:
1681:
1391:
4944:
4087:
3155:
2305:
1899:
1603:
1213:
1057:
3686:
4186:
3678:
3662:
3577:
3515:
3482:
3188:
2526:
2097:
1755:
1589:
1541:
1321:
1095:
991:
959:
893:
823:
767:
641:
319:
268:
256:
202:
3136:
3098:
4851:
4835:
4784:
4706:
4117:
3646:
3349:
3093:
3041:
2623:
2531:
2474:
2367:
1931:
1869:
1729:
1697:
1619:
1377:
1259:
907:
753:
697:
683:
571:
515:
218:
3666:
3496:
2979:
2846:
2756:
1821:
1493:
1335:
1019:
465:
357:
3003:
2399:
2319:
3112:
3682:
3674:
3602:
3558:
3534:
3444:
3211:
3207:
3055:
2884:
2770:
2656:
2545:
2469:
1883:
1851:
1433:
1245:
1199:
1109:
1005:
809:
795:
543:
429:
311:
296:
264:
4965:
4194:
4190:
3642:
3539:
3477:
3330:
3193:
3022:
2960:
2946:
2851:
2737:
2637:
2493:
1915:
1803:
1133:
973:
921:
851:
315:
276:
260:
4932:
4774:
3598:
3572:
3553:
3501:
3363:
3249:
2984:
2941:
2889:
2827:
2732:
2699:
2661:
2618:
2223:
2175:
2161:
2013:
1979:
1835:
1461:
1227:
987:
739:
353:
198:
2337:
4779:
4199:
4172:
3658:
3425:
3420:
3254:
3017:
2922:
2751:
2675:
2599:
2455:
2417:
2383:
2129:
1997:
1963:
1571:
1477:
1171:
613:
164:
132:
4985:
4815:
4218:
3670:
3387:
3344:
3306:
3273:
3216:
3174:
3131:
2870:
2813:
2775:
2694:
2642:
2585:
2488:
2436:
2207:
1947:
1715:
1667:
1419:
1363:
1349:
1287:
1273:
1081:
655:
557:
407:
385:
3614:
3401:
3382:
3169:
2927:
2908:
2794:
2789:
2718:
2580:
2287:
2271:
2059:
2045:
425:
284:
4820:
3458:
3439:
3292:
3268:
3235:
3230:
3150:
2865:
2832:
2713:
2566:
2512:
2431:
2111:
1771:
865:
487:
389:
21:
4807:
4438:"Leading astronomers and geophysicists honoured by Royal Astronomical Society"
3520:
3036:
2903:
2507:
1507:
1147:
292:
154:
138:
4566:
212:
300:
288:
280:
150:
2143:
1649:
4460:"Leading astronomers and geophysicists honoured in RAS bicentenary year"
3697:
Margaret and
Geoffrey Burbidge received the first joint award since 1886
252:
4482:"Royal Astronomical Society Honours Stars of Astronomy and Geophysics"
4570:
5012:
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal
Astronomical Society
4147:"Winners of the 2015 awards, medals and prizes - full details"
15:
4339:. Royal Astronomical Society. 10 January 2014. Archived from
4313:. Royal Astronomical Society. 10 January 2013. Archived from
4928:
Magnetosphere
Ionosphere and Solar-Terrestrial physics group
4550:"Royal Astronomical Society unveils 2024 award winners"
4527:"Royal Astronomical Society unveils 2023 award winners"
4501:"Royal Astronomical Society reveals 2022 award winners"
4263:"RAS honours outstanding astronomers and geophysicists"
4241:"RAS Honours Outstanding Astronomers and Geophysicists"
259:, because many felt an award should jointly be made to
4885:
4844:
4806:
4767:
4744:
4737:
4682:
4639:
4632:
4604:
4389:"RAS honours leading astronomers and geophysicists"
4337:"2014 winners of the RAS awards, medals and prizes"
4311:"2013 winners of the RAS awards, medals and prizes"
4289:"RAS honours leading astronomers and geophysicists"
4082:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
344:
341:
338:
335:
208:
194:
186:
178:
170:
160:
145:
125:
4363:"RAS honours leading astronomers and geophysicist"
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
4648:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
4215:"RAS meeting and Community Forum - JENAM 2009"
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
55:"Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society"
4582:
4391:. Royal Astronomical Society. 11 January 2017
8:
230:Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
126:Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
4617:President of the Royal Astronomical Society
4552:(Press release). Royal Astronomical Society
4112:
4110:
4108:
3641:Replaced by testimonial medals, awarded to
4741:
4636:
4589:
4575:
4567:
329:
217:
213:https://ras.ac.uk/awards-and-grants/awards
131:
122:
5002:1824 establishments in the United Kingdom
4198:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
4992:Awards of the Royal Astronomical Society
4612:Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society
3628:
3626:
3726:
3590:
271:, presented Le Verrier with the medal.
42:Please improve this article by adding
4365:. RAS. 8 January 2015. Archived from
7:
4499:Gurjeet, Kahlon (11 January 2022).
310:The medal features an image of the
4525:Massey, Robert (13 January 2023).
4200:10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00404-9.x
4093:. Royal Astronomical Society. 2021
232:is the highest award given by the
14:
4656:Geophysical Journal International
782:Christian August Friedrich Peters
4923:International Astronomical Union
4908:British Astronomical Association
4672:RAS Techniques & Instruments
4488:(Press release). 8 January 2021.
4436:Morgan Hollis (9 January 2019).
4411:"The Royal Astronomical Society"
4149:. 9 January 2015. Archived from
20:
4913:British Geophysical Association
4893:Astrobiology Society of Britain
4548:Tonkin, Sam (12 January 2024).
4173:"News: Appointments and awards"
880:Richard Christopher Carrington
137:The RAS gold medal awarded to
1:
4918:European Astronomical Society
4903:Astrophysical Chemistry Group
452:Heinrich Christian Schumacher
44:secondary or tertiary sources
4529:. Royal Astronomical Society
4462:. Royal Astronomical Society
4440:. Royal Astronomical Society
4291:. Royal Astronomical Society
4243:. Royal Astronomical Society
3651:Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
2562:Richard van der Riet Woolley
936:Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
246:RAS established other awards
4898:Astroparticle Physics Group
4826:Harold Jeffreys Lectureship
2809:Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich
5028:
4997:Awards established in 1824
4971:National Astronomy Meeting
4795:Gerald Whitrow Lectureship
4664:Astronomy & Geophysics
4598:Royal Astronomical Society
4505:Royal Astronomical Society
4486:Royal Astronomical Society
4267:Royal Astronomical Society
4178:Astronomy & Geophysics
2256:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1636:Henri-Alexandre Deslandres
422:Thomas Makdougall Brisbane
234:Royal Astronomical Society
4958:
4790:George Darwin Lectureship
3716:List of geophysics awards
2084:
2074:
1744:
1618:
1460:
1446:
1432:
1418:
1406:William Frederick Denning
1404:
1390:
1376:
1362:
1348:
1334:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1286:
1272:
1258:
1240:
1226:
1212:
1198:
1184:
1170:
1160:
1146:
1132:
1122:
1108:
1094:
1080:
1070:
1056:
1046:
1032:
1018:
1004:
986:
972:
958:
948:
934:
920:
906:
892:
878:
864:
850:
836:
822:
808:
794:
780:
766:
752:
738:
724:
710:
696:
682:
668:
654:
640:
626:
612:
598:
584:
570:
556:
542:
528:
514:
500:
482:
464:
442:
420:
406:
384:
370:
352:
332:
130:
4831:James Dungey Lectureship
3711:List of astronomy awards
3619:William Samuel Stratford
2352:Raymond Arthur Lyttleton
1524:William Wallace Campbell
1448:Edward Charles Pickering
1242:Edward Charles Pickering
628:Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
444:Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
4868:Group achievement Award
4859:Anges Mary Clerke Medal
4191:2000A&G....41d...7.
2451:Gerald Maurice Clemence
1034:Charles-Eugène Delaunay
484:Marie-Charles Damoiseau
4950:UK Solar Physics group
4699:Geophysical Supplement
2028:William Hammond Wright
1392:Edward Emerson Barnard
31:relies excessively on
4799:Michael Penston Prize
2306:Thomas George Cowling
1900:John Stanley Plaskett
1604:Philip Herbert Cowell
1214:Andrew Ainslie Common
1058:Giovanni Schiaparelli
4221:on February 17, 2009
3679:John William Lubbock
3663:Peter Andreas Hansen
3578:John-Michael Kendall
3516:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
3189:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
2527:Martin Schwarzschild
2098:Harold Spencer Jones
1756:Henry Norris Russell
1542:Ernest William Brown
1322:George Howard Darwin
992:William Allen Miller
960:George Phillips Bond
894:Peter Andreas Hansen
824:William Rutter Dawes
768:Annibale de Gasparis
642:Peter Andreas Hansen
320:President of the RAS
269:President of the RAS
203:John-Michael Kendall
4874:Honorary Fellowship
4856:Annie Maunder Medal
4852:Patrick Moore Medal
4836:Keith Runcorn Prize
4785:Jackson-Gwilt Medal
4707:Geophysical Journal
3647:George Biddell Airy
2532:Albert Thomas Price
2475:Harold Clayton Urey
2368:Viktor Ambartsumian
1932:Robert Grant Aitken
1870:Ralph Allen Sampson
1788:Albert A. Michelson
1772:James Hopwood Jeans
1730:Guillaume Bigourdan
1698:Walter Sydney Adams
1620:Arthur Robert Hinks
1378:Seth Carlo Chandler
1260:George William Hill
908:Hermann Goldschmidt
754:Otto Wilhelm Struve
698:George Biddell Airy
684:William Henry Smyth
572:Otto A. Rosenberger
516:George Biddell Airy
314:constructed by Sir
4945:UK Planetary Forum
3667:Karl Ludwig Hencke
3613:Silver medalists:
3597:Silver medalists:
3497:Sandra Moore Faber
2980:Donald Lynden-Bell
2847:Alexander Dalgarno
2757:J. Freeman Gilbert
2586:H. I. S. Thirlaway
1822:Frank Watson Dyson
1494:George Ellery Hale
1336:Hermann Carl Vogel
1020:Edward James Stone
470:William Richardson
466:Johann Franz Encke
358:Johann Franz Encke
257:discovered in 1846
5007:Geophysics awards
4979:
4978:
4881:
4880:
4760:
4733:
4732:
4723:Quarterly Journal
4625:
4269:. 19 January 2011
4153:on 9 January 2015
3683:Urbain Le Verrier
3675:John Russell Hind
3587:
3586:
3559:Timothy N. Palmer
3535:George Efstathiou
3483:Margaret Kivelson
3445:Michele Dougherty
3288:David A. Williams
3212:Geoffrey Burbidge
3208:Margaret Burbidge
3056:Donald Osterbrock
2885:Cornelis de Jager
2771:Riccardo Giacconi
2657:William H. McCrea
2546:Horace W. Babcock
2470:Ira Sprague Bowen
1884:Ejnar Hertzsprung
1852:Frank Schlesinger
1682:John L. E. Dreyer
1590:Friedrich Küstner
1246:Charles Pritchard
1200:Benjamin A. Gould
1110:Urbain Le Verrier
1096:Heinrich d'Arrest
1006:Urbain Le Verrier
796:John Russell Hind
544:Manuel J. Johnson
430:Caroline Herschel
312:40-foot telescope
297:planetary science
291:etc.) and one in
265:Urbain Le Verrier
226:
225:
195:Currently held by
116:
115:
108:
90:
5019:
4966:Burlington House
4754:
4742:
4715:Occasional Notes
4637:
4619:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4522:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4413:. Archived from
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4217:. Archived from
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4143:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4118:"Gold Medal (A)"
4114:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4088:"The Gold Medal"
4084:
3698:
3695:
3689:
3687:Maxmilian Weisse
3643:John Couch Adams
3639:
3633:
3630:
3621:
3611:
3605:
3595:
3540:Richard B. Horne
3478:Robert Kennicutt
3194:Grenville Turner
3118:Robert Hutchison
3094:Bohdan Paczyński
3080:Robert L. Parker
3023:John T. Houghton
3004:Thomas R. Kaiser
2961:Eugene N. Parker
2947:G. J. Wasserburg
2852:George E. Backus
2738:Chaim L. Pekeris
2638:Jesse Greenstein
1916:Willem de Sitter
1804:Arthur Eddington
1134:Ercole Dembowski
974:John Couch Adams
922:Warren de la Rue
852:Heinrich Schwabe
330:
316:William Herschel
277:Second World War
261:John Couch Adams
222:
221:
135:
123:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5016:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4954:
4939:The Observatory
4933:Science Council
4877:
4840:
4802:
4775:Eddington Medal
4763:
4729:
4678:
4628:
4600:
4595:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4394:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4372:
4370:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4320:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4294:
4292:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4272:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4145:
4144:
4133:
4123:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4085:
3728:
3724:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3624:
3612:
3608:
3599:Jean-Louis Pons
3596:
3592:
3573:Gilles Chabrier
3554:John A. Peacock
3502:Yvonne Elsworth
3364:Roger Blandford
3250:John L. Culhane
3210:
2985:Peter Goldreich
2966:Dan P. McKenzie
2942:Vitaly Ginzburg
2928:James W. Dungey
2890:Don L. Anderson
2828:Stephen Hawking
2733:Maarten Schmidt
2700:James Van Allen
2662:J. A. Ratcliffe
2619:Ludwig Biermann
2400:Bengt Strömgren
2320:Albrecht Unsöld
2224:Anton Pannekoek
2176:Bertil Lindblad
2162:Marcel Minnaert
2014:Harold Jeffreys
1980:E. Arthur Milne
1836:Albert Einstein
1462:Jacobus Kapteyn
1244:
1228:William Huggins
990:
988:William Huggins
740:William Lassell
600:John Wrottesley
486:
468:
450:
448:William Pearson
446:
428:
424:
392:
388:
356:
354:Charles Babbage
328:
242:
216:
199:Gilles Chabrier
149:Achievement in
141:
121:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
41:
37:primary sources
25:
12:
11:
5:
5025:
5023:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4984:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4886:Related bodies
4883:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4780:Herschel Medal
4777:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4748:
4746:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4675:(2022–present)
4668:
4667:(1997–present)
4660:
4659:(1989–present)
4652:
4651:(1827–present)
4643:
4641:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4571:
4564:
4563:
4540:
4517:
4491:
4473:
4451:
4428:
4402:
4380:
4354:
4328:
4302:
4280:
4254:
4232:
4206:
4185:(4): 7. 2000.
4164:
4131:
4104:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3690:
3659:George Everest
3634:
3622:
3606:
3603:Charles Rümker
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:Philip England
3423:
3421:John D. Barrow
3418:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:John Woodhouse
3309:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:Nigel O. Weiss
3252:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3214:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:Henry Rishbeth
3134:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:Kenneth Budden
3096:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3018:Rashid Sunyaev
3015:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2923:B. E. J. Pagel
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2752:Bernard Lovell
2749:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:David R. Bates
2678:
2676:John G. Bolton
2673:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:Edwin Salpeter
2597:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:Edward Bullard
2453:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:H. H. Plaskett
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:Herman Zanstra
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:Sydney Chapman
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:Hisashi Kimura
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:Harlow Shapley
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:Oskar Backlund
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:Hermann Struve
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:Henri Poincaré
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1003:
999:
998:
996:
994:
985:
981:
980:
978:
976:
971:
967:
966:
964:
962:
957:
953:
952:
947:
943:
942:
940:
938:
933:
929:
928:
926:
924:
919:
915:
914:
912:
910:
905:
901:
900:
898:
896:
891:
887:
886:
884:
882:
877:
873:
872:
870:
868:
863:
859:
858:
856:
854:
849:
845:
844:
842:
840:
835:
831:
830:
828:
826:
821:
817:
816:
814:
812:
810:Charles Rümker
807:
803:
802:
800:
798:
793:
789:
788:
786:
784:
779:
775:
774:
772:
770:
765:
761:
760:
758:
756:
751:
747:
746:
744:
742:
737:
733:
732:
730:
728:
723:
719:
718:
716:
714:
709:
705:
704:
702:
700:
695:
691:
690:
688:
686:
681:
677:
676:
674:
672:
667:
663:
662:
660:
658:
653:
649:
648:
646:
644:
639:
635:
634:
632:
630:
625:
621:
620:
618:
616:
611:
607:
606:
604:
602:
597:
593:
592:
590:
588:
583:
579:
578:
576:
574:
569:
565:
564:
562:
560:
555:
551:
550:
548:
546:
541:
537:
536:
534:
532:
527:
523:
522:
520:
518:
513:
509:
508:
506:
504:
499:
495:
494:
492:
490:
481:
477:
476:
474:
472:
463:
459:
458:
456:
454:
441:
437:
436:
434:
432:
419:
415:
414:
412:
410:
405:
401:
400:
398:
396:
394:Wilhelm Struve
383:
379:
378:
376:
374:
369:
365:
364:
362:
360:
351:
347:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
327:
324:
241:
238:
224:
223:
210:
206:
205:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
165:United Kingdom
162:
158:
157:
147:
143:
142:
136:
128:
127:
119:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5024:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4873:
4871:Service Award
4870:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4816:Chapman Medal
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4758:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4623:
4622:Mike Lockwood
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4592:
4587:
4585:
4580:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4551:
4544:
4541:
4528:
4521:
4518:
4506:
4502:
4495:
4492:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4439:
4432:
4429:
4417:on 2018-03-01
4416:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4369:on 2016-07-20
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4343:on 2016-03-03
4342:
4338:
4332:
4329:
4317:on 2013-01-20
4316:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3671:John Herschel
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3655:George Bishop
3652:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3407:Mike Lockwood
3405:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3388:John Zarnecki
3386:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3369:Chris Chapman
3367:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3331:Eberhard Grün
3329:
3327:
3326:Richard Ellis
3324:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:Douglas Gough
3305:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3274:Brian Kennett
3272:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3217:Carole Jordan
3215:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3175:David Gubbins
3173:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:Hermann Bondi
3130:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:James Peebles
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3061:Donald Farley
3059:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3042:Kenneth Creer
3040:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:James E. Gunn
2997:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2871:Takesi Nagata
2869:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2814:S. K. Runcorn
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2776:Harrie Massey
2774:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Lyman Spitzer
2693:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2605:Francis Birch
2603:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2494:Hannes Alfvén
2492:
2490:
2489:Allan Sandage
2487:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2437:Maurice Ewing
2435:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2208:Joel Stebbins
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1948:Vesto Slipher
1946:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1716:John Evershed
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1668:Alfred Fowler
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1420:Frank McClean
1415:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1364:Isaac Roberts
1359:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1350:S. W. Burnham
1345:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1288:Maurice Loewy
1283:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1274:Arthur Auwers
1269:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1082:Simon Newcomb
1077:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
995:
993:
989:
983:
982:
979:
977:
975:
969:
968:
965:
963:
961:
955:
954:
951:
945:
944:
941:
939:
937:
931:
930:
927:
925:
923:
917:
916:
913:
911:
909:
903:
902:
899:
897:
895:
889:
888:
885:
883:
881:
875:
874:
871:
869:
867:
861:
860:
857:
855:
853:
847:
846:
843:
841:
839:
833:
832:
829:
827:
825:
819:
818:
815:
813:
811:
805:
804:
801:
799:
797:
791:
790:
787:
785:
783:
777:
776:
773:
771:
769:
763:
762:
759:
757:
755:
749:
748:
745:
743:
741:
735:
734:
731:
729:
727:
721:
720:
717:
715:
713:
707:
706:
703:
701:
699:
693:
692:
689:
687:
685:
679:
678:
675:
673:
671:
665:
664:
661:
659:
657:
656:Francis Baily
651:
650:
647:
645:
643:
637:
636:
633:
631:
629:
623:
622:
619:
617:
615:
609:
608:
605:
603:
601:
595:
594:
591:
589:
587:
581:
580:
577:
575:
573:
567:
566:
563:
561:
559:
558:John Herschel
553:
552:
549:
547:
545:
539:
538:
535:
533:
531:
525:
524:
521:
519:
517:
511:
510:
507:
505:
503:
497:
496:
493:
491:
489:
485:
479:
478:
475:
473:
471:
467:
461:
460:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
439:
438:
435:
433:
431:
427:
423:
417:
416:
413:
411:
409:
408:Francis Baily
403:
402:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
386:John Herschel
381:
380:
377:
375:
373:
367:
366:
363:
361:
359:
355:
349:
348:
331:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
239:
237:
235:
231:
220:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
179:First awarded
177:
173:
169:
166:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
134:
129:
124:
118:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
39:
38:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
4937:
4865:Winton Award
4862:Fowler Award
4751:
4721:
4713:
4705:
4697:
4689:
4670:
4662:
4654:
4646:
4633:Publications
4554:. Retrieved
4543:
4531:. Retrieved
4520:
4508:. Retrieved
4494:
4485:
4476:
4464:. Retrieved
4454:
4442:. Retrieved
4431:
4419:. Retrieved
4415:the original
4405:
4393:. Retrieved
4383:
4371:. Retrieved
4367:the original
4357:
4345:. Retrieved
4341:the original
4331:
4319:. Retrieved
4315:the original
4305:
4293:. Retrieved
4283:
4271:. Retrieved
4257:
4245:. Retrieved
4235:
4223:. Retrieved
4219:the original
4209:
4182:
4176:
4167:
4155:. Retrieved
4151:the original
4122:. Retrieved
4095:. Retrieved
3693:
3637:
3615:Mark Beaufoy
3609:
3593:
3464:Robert White
3402:Michel Mayor
3383:Carlos Frenk
3170:John Bahcall
3156:J. A. Jacobs
2909:Raymond Hide
2795:Fred Whipple
2790:M. J. Seaton
2719:Leon Knopoff
2624:K. E. Bullen
2581:Fritz Zwicky
2338:André Danjon
2288:Dirk Brouwer
2272:Walter Baade
2240:John Jackson
2085:
2075:
2060:Edwin Hubble
2046:Bernard Lyot
1745:
1311:
1301:
1161:
1123:
1071:
1047:
949:
838:Robert Grant
725:
711:
669:
585:
529:
501:
426:James Dunlop
371:
318:, the first
309:
305:
285:astrophysics
273:
250:
243:
229:
227:
187:Last awarded
117:
102:
96:January 2020
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
30:
4821:Price Medal
4726:(1960–1996)
4718:(1938–1960)
4710:(1958–1988)
4702:(1922–1957)
4694:(1822–1977)
4295:17 February
4097:20 December
3459:James Hough
3440:Nick Kaiser
3345:Andy Fabian
3293:Eric Priest
3269:Joseph Silk
3236:Stan Cowley
3231:Simon White
3151:Leon Mestel
2866:Martin Rees
2833:Thomas Gold
2714:C. G. Wynne
2567:Frank Press
2513:Walter Munk
2432:Martin Ryle
2130:Bengt Edlén
2112:Otto Struve
1172:Axel Möller
866:Robert Main
488:Henry Kater
390:James South
345:References
295:(including
283:(including
146:Awarded for
4986:Categories
4808:Geophysics
4757:Recipients
4752:Gold Medal
4745:Gold Medal
4620:(Current:
4556:12 January
4510:18 October
4444:14 January
4395:17 January
4347:21 January
4321:12 January
4273:10 January
3722:References
3521:Thorne Lay
3350:John Brown
3037:Vera Rubin
2904:Ken Pounds
2643:Ernst Öpik
2508:Fred Hoyle
1558:David Gill
1508:Lewis Boss
1186:David Gill
1148:Asaph Hall
614:Jean Plana
339:Geophysics
326:Recipients
293:geophysics
155:geophysics
139:Asaph Hall
66:newspapers
33:references
4768:Astronomy
4466:25 August
4373:9 January
4157:9 January
4124:9 January
3113:Leon Lucy
336:Astronomy
301:tectonics
289:cosmology
281:astronomy
171:Reward(s)
151:astronomy
4962:See also
4247:25 March
4225:23 April
3705:See also
2144:Jan Oort
2086:No award
2076:No award
1746:No award
1650:Max Wolf
1312:No award
1302:No award
1162:No award
1124:No award
1072:No award
1048:No award
950:No award
726:No award
712:No award
670:No award
586:No award
530:No award
502:No award
372:No award
4691:Memoirs
4640:Current
4605:Members
4533:19 June
4187:Bibcode
253:Neptune
240:History
209:Website
161:Country
80:scholar
4738:Awards
4683:Former
4421:4 June
3685:&
215:
201:&
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
4120:. RAS
4091:(PDF)
342:Notes
174:Medal
120:Award
87:JSTOR
73:books
4845:Both
4558:2024
4535:2023
4512:2022
4468:2020
4446:2019
4423:2018
4397:2017
4375:2015
4349:2014
4323:2013
4297:2012
4275:2013
4249:2011
4227:2009
4159:2015
4126:2015
4099:2021
3569:2024
3550:2023
3531:2022
3512:2021
3493:2020
3474:2019
3455:2018
3436:2017
3417:2016
3398:2015
3379:2014
3360:2013
3341:2012
3322:2011
3303:2010
3284:2009
3265:2008
3246:2007
3227:2006
3204:2005
3185:2004
3166:2003
3147:2002
3128:2001
3109:2000
3090:1999
3071:1998
3052:1997
3033:1996
3014:1995
2995:1994
2976:1993
2957:1992
2938:1991
2919:1990
2900:1989
2881:1988
2862:1987
2843:1986
2824:1985
2805:1984
2786:1983
2767:1982
2748:1981
2729:1980
2710:1979
2691:1978
2672:1977
2653:1976
2634:1975
2615:1974
2596:1973
2577:1972
2558:1971
2542:1970
2523:1969
2504:1968
2485:1967
2466:1966
2447:1965
2428:1964
2412:1963
2396:1962
2380:1961
2364:1960
2348:1959
2332:1958
2316:1957
2300:1956
2284:1955
2268:1954
2252:1953
2236:1952
2220:1951
2204:1950
2188:1949
2172:1948
2156:1947
2140:1946
2124:1945
2108:1944
2092:1943
2082:1942
2072:1941
2056:1940
2040:1939
2024:1938
2008:1937
1992:1936
1976:1935
1960:1934
1944:1933
1928:1932
1912:1931
1896:1930
1880:1929
1864:1928
1848:1927
1832:1926
1816:1925
1800:1924
1784:1923
1768:1922
1752:1921
1742:1920
1726:1919
1710:1918
1694:1917
1678:1916
1662:1915
1646:1914
1630:1913
1616:1912
1600:1911
1584:1910
1568:1909
1552:1908
1536:1907
1520:1906
1504:1905
1488:1904
1472:1903
1458:1902
1444:1901
1430:1900
1416:1899
1402:1898
1388:1897
1374:1896
1360:1895
1346:1894
1332:1893
1318:1892
1308:1891
1298:1890
1284:1889
1270:1888
1256:1887
1238:1886
1224:1885
1210:1884
1196:1883
1182:1882
1168:1881
1158:1880
1144:1879
1130:1878
1120:1877
1106:1876
1092:1875
1078:1874
1068:1873
1054:1872
1044:1871
1030:1870
1016:1869
1002:1868
984:1867
970:1866
956:1865
946:1864
932:1863
918:1862
904:1861
890:1860
876:1859
862:1858
848:1857
834:1856
820:1855
806:1854
792:1853
778:1852
764:1851
750:1850
736:1849
722:1848
708:1847
694:1846
680:1845
666:1844
652:1843
638:1842
624:1841
610:1840
596:1839
582:1838
568:1837
554:1836
540:1835
526:1834
512:1833
498:1832
480:1831
462:1830
440:1829
418:1828
404:1827
382:1826
368:1825
350:1824
333:Year
263:and
255:was
228:The
190:2024
182:1824
59:news
4195:doi
153:or
35:to
4988::
4503:.
4484:.
4265:.
4193:.
4183:41
4181:.
4175:.
4134:^
4107:^
3729:^
3681:,
3677:,
3673:,
3669:,
3665:,
3661:,
3657:,
3653:,
3649:,
3645:,
3625:^
3617:,
3601:,
322:.
299:,
287:,
248:.
46:.
4759:)
4755:(
4624:)
4590:e
4583:t
4576:v
4560:.
4537:.
4514:.
4470:.
4448:.
4425:.
4399:.
4377:.
4351:.
4325:.
4299:.
4277:.
4251:.
4229:.
4203:.
4197::
4189::
4161:.
4128:.
4101:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
40:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
