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and was able to stop his law studies. After two years in
Bucharest with his brother Eugen, he returned to Bacău before matriculating at the University of Iași's Faculty of Law; despite his previous studies in Bucharest, he started as a first-year student. Until 1909 he remained in Iași, assisting I.
416:
Bacovia returned to
Bucharest in 1917, resuming his post as a functionary. In 1920, he became a Chief of Office, Third Class, in the Ministry of Labor; in 1921 he was promoted to Chief of Office, First Class in the same ministry. However, he immediately fell ill with a lung condition and was forced
364:. Between 1909 and 1910 he came to Iași for examinations but lived in Bacău; on obtaining his law degree in 1911, he qualified for the bar in Bacău, but despite paying dues for ten years, never practiced law. Instead, he spent his time working with
617:
279:. Between 1889 and 1890 he started his schooling at an academy in Bacău, before registering in 1891 at the "Domnească" Primary School in the same city. In June 1893, he finished his primary schooling and afterward began studies at the
491:), he returned with his wife to Bacău, where he spent three years unemployed. In 1931, Agatha gave birth to Bacovia's only son, Gabriel; in 1932, the Romanian Society of Writers approved a monthly pension of 1,000
549:
Literary critics initially classified
Bacovia as a Symbolist, but later criticism has argued that he transcended his milieu to form a part of modern Romanian poetry. Even if his first volume of poetry,
283:, also in Bacău. One autumn night, an oversight by the sexton led to his being locked overnight in the tower of the Precista church, an experience which would later inspire his first major poem, 1899's
586:). Bacovia thus succeeded in becoming recognized as one of the most important Romanian poets, an author who executed a vast canonical leap from minor poet to enduring classic of Romanian literature.
972:
316:, but dropped out during his second semester, unable to bear military discipline. In 1901 he began studies at the Liceul Ferdinand in Bacău, from which he graduated in 1903. He wrote the poem
558:, show his discovery of a more modern poetic concept, closer to the prose-poem than to the classic verse forms of the 19th century. Interwar critics saw in Bacovia either a Neosymbolist (
378:, working as a copyist at the Prefecture, and helping at the Prefectural accounting office. In 1913–1914, his health deteriorated and he was eventually forced to relinquish his post.
502:; in 1940, his pension increased to 2,000 lei per month. He then founded the House of Pensions for Writers, from which he subsequently drew a 10,000 lei monthly pension. In 1944 his
428:. Meanwhile, Bacovia found work as a teacher of drawing and calligraphy at the Boys' Commercial School in Bacău. By 1925, however, he had become the primary director of the review
291:). He exhibited a talent for drawing and developed into an excellent violinist in the school orchestra, which he directed. He also distinguished himself in gymnastics.
917:
448:) appeared in an edition edited by the poet Agatha Grigorescu. In 1926 he returned to the Boys' Commercial School and continued to teach drawing and calligraphy.
328:'s educational reforms. He matriculated at the Faculty of Law in Bucharest and soon became a fixture in the city's literary life; an early reading of his poem
483:
resumed publication under his direction. He gained a post as an inspector at the
Ministry of Popular Education, but after the publication of his collection
386:
In 1914, Bacovia was interned at the sanitorium of Dr. Mărgăritescu in
Bucharest, from where he published poems in the literary supplement of the newspaper
967:
498:
The family returned to
Bucharest permanently in 1933, never to move away again. In 1934, Bacovia published an anthology of his poems entitled
401:
In 1916, he became a secretary at the
Directory of Secondary and Superior Education in the Ministry of Instruction, and was in Bucharest when
889:
871:
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275:, the son of a merchant, Dimitrie Vasiliu, and his wife Zoe "Zoița" Vasiliu (born Langa). At only six years of age he began his study of
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398:
and continued to publish poetry, prose and book reviews under a multitude of pseudonyms. He rekindled his friendship with
Macedonski.
608:. The house in Bucharest where the poet lived between 1933 and 1957 (located at 63, George Bacovia Street) is now a memorial house.
957:
222:"), his poetry came to be seen as a precursor of Romanian Modernism and eventually established him in critical esteem alongside
529:
In 1945 Bacovia was named librarian of the
Ministry of Mines and Oil. He continued to write, and in 1946 published the volume
294:
In 1899, he received the national first prize in the contest "Tinerimii române" for "artistic drawings of nature". His poem
413:. In October, the vagaries of war forced him to flee the threatened Bucharest to Iași with the archives of his department.
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198:
184:
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78:
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280:
774:, coordonatori Mircea Zaciu, Marian Papahagi, Aurel Sasu, A-C, Bucharest, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, 1995.
570:, however, Bacovia's poetry began to be linked to newer currents of thought, being linked with and compared to the
578:), poetic modernism, surrealism, automatic writing, imagism, expressionism, and even philosophic movements like
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351:) obtained the same success. Helped by his growing reputation, he gained a position at the review
589:
537:), which led to his hiring by the Ministry of the Arts. In 1956 he published his final volume of
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554:(1916), was heavily marked by the influence of the Symbolists, his subsequent volumes, such as
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324:) in response to a Ministry of Education questionnaire sent to graduates in the course of
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out for publication. In 1915, after leaving
Bucharest, he became co-editor of the review
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786:, coordinator general Eugen Simion, A-B, Bucharest, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, 2004.
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625:
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298:– written a year earlier under the name of "V. George" – was published in the magazine
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467:, and settled in Bucharest, where his wife was a teacher. In 1929, he republished
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in Bacău and Bucharest bear his name. Streets are named after him in Bacău,
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510:) appeared, a collection including all of his previously published works.
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before dying on the afternoon of 22 May 1957 in his Bucharest residence.
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874:. New English translations, with no Romanian language texts except one.
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He continued reading his poems at Macedonski's salon, and in 1904 his
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450:
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687:, Bucharest, Editura Eminescu, 1975; Second Edition, Bucharest,
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102:
768:, Bucharest, Editura Fundației Culturale Ideea Europeană, 2005.
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and produced by Editura Ancora; soon after, the dormant review
455:
House of George and Agatha Bacovia in Bucharest, today a museum
860:
Complete Poetical Works and Selected Prose of George Bacovia
804:
312:
In 1900, Bacovia matriculated at the Military Academy in
973:
Members of the Romanian Academy elected posthumously
417:
to resign before returning, a year later, to Bacău.
405:first appeared in July. In August, Romania entered
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136:
126:
116:
95:
84:
64:
39:
23:
747:, Pitești, Editura Paralela 45, 1999 (reed. 2002).
246:Romanian poets. In the 1950s, he wrote the poem "
187:4 September] 1881 – 22 May 1957) was a
562:) or a minor poet with insufficient material (
729:, Bucharest, Editura Cartea Românească, 1987.
660:, Bucharest, Editura pentru Literatură, 1969.
650:, Bucharest, Editura pentru Literatură, 1962.
8:
831:"Școala Gimnazială George Bacovia București"
304:on 30 March, launching his literary career.
778:Dicționarul esențial al scriitorilor români
805:"Școala Gimnazială "George Bacovia" Bacău"
20:
918:George Bacovia Memorial House – Bucharest
784:Dicționarul general al literaturii române
340:'s salon produced a powerful impression.
796:
440:) at his own expense. In the same year
866:, Bucharest, London, Chester Springs.
754:, Pitești, Editura Paralela 45, 2001.
197:. While he initially belonged to the
178:
165:
7:
780:, Bucharest, Editura Albatros, 2000.
734:Bacovia. Ruptura de utopia romantică
677:, Bucharest, Editura Albatros, 1974.
205:with the poem and poetry collection
880:. Dionysos, Boppard, ins Deutsche:
722:, Bucharest, Editura Minerva, 1984.
698:, Bucharest, Editura Minerva, 1979.
696:Introducere în opera lui G. Bacovia
533:(literally translated into English
432:, and published his book of poetry
968:20th-century Romanian male writers
14:
752:Bacovia – un model al tranziției
31:
772:Dicționarul scriitorilor români
420:In 1924, the second edition of
705:, Iași, Editura Junimea, 1981.
612:Selected critical bibliography
475:in a single edition, entitled
1:
835:www.scoalabacoviabucuresti.ro
242:as one of the most important
167:[ˈdʒe̯ordʒebaˈkovi.a]
761:, Bucharest, Saeculum, 2001.
366:Constantin Al. Ionescu-Caion
963:20th-century Romanian poets
685:Bacovia. Sfârșitul continuu
675:Bacovia, un antisentimental
180:[ˈɡe̯orɡevasiˈli.u]
994:
620:Bust of George Bacovia by
79:Romanian People's Republic
978:Burials at Bellu Cemetery
903:Site dedicated to Bacovia
727:George Bacovia – nuanțări
689:Editura Cartea Românească
644:Agatha Grigorescu-Bacovia
459:In 1928, Bacovia married
356:M. Rascu with his review
183:; 17 September [
30:
878:Blei und andere Gedichte
648:Bacovia (viața poetului)
372:, with other figures on
201:, launched as a poet by
199:local Symbolist movement
958:Romanian-language poets
913:Poems by George Bacovia
908:Poems by George Bacovia
163:Romanian pronunciation:
131:University of Bucharest
16:Romanian symbolist poet
757:Constantin Trandafir,
639:
628:
526:
456:
720:Alternative bacoviene
634:
619:
572:theatre of the absurd
521:
454:
43:George Andone Vasiliu
740:, 1994 (reed. 2000).
338:Alexandru Macedonski
203:Alexandru Macedonski
953:Romanian male poets
882:Christian W. Schenk
750:Ion Bogdan Lefter,
409:on the side of the
281:Ferdinand Gymnasium
759:Poezia lui Bacovia
640:
629:
545:Critical reception
527:
457:
252:poetical testament
59:Kingdom of Romania
943:People from Bacău
890:978-1-9807-2919-8
872:978-1-85610-047-2
709:Alexandra Indrieș
701:Daniel Dimitriu,
664:Gheorghe Grigurcu
654:Mihail Petroveanu
576:Mihail Petroveanu
535:Bourgeois Stanzas
461:Agatha Grigorescu
424:was published in
267:Bacovia was born
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137:Literary movement
52:17 September 1881
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809:scoalabacovia.ro
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732:Vasile Fanache,
725:Mircea Scarlat,
717:
672:
560:George Călinescu
465:Bucăți de noapte
442:Bucăți de noapte
382:Between the wars
362:Versuri și proză
269:Gheorghe Vasiliu
250:", which is his
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182:
176:Gheorghe Vasiliu
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766:Secolul Bacovia
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638:stamp from 2014
622:Milița Petrașcu
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564:Eugen Lovinescu
556:Scântei galbene
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531:Stanțe burgheze
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473:Scântei galbene
446:Night fragments
434:Scântei galbene
430:Ateneu cultural
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370:Românul Literar
353:Arta de la Iași
345:Nervi de toamnă
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289:Purple Twilight
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70:(1957-05-22)
18:
938:1957 deaths
933:1881 births
841:4 September
815:4 September
712: [
681:Ion Caraion
667: [
598:Cluj-Napoca
584:Ion Caraion
407:World War I
326:Spiru Haret
322:High School
301:Literatorul
212: [
91:, Bucharest
68:22 May 1957
927:Categories
791:References
745:G. Bacovia
590:Gymnasiums
232:Ion Pillat
96:Occupation
48:1881-09-17
606:Voluntari
602:Timișoara
522:Grave at
390:and sent
263:Childhood
258:Biography
236:Ion Barbu
192:symbolist
141:symbolism
75:Bucharest
884:, 2018,
862:, 2007,
736:, Cluj,
626:Chișinău
489:With you
360:, later
296:Și toate
244:interwar
189:Romanian
172:pen name
121:Romanian
117:Language
703:Bacovia
691:, 1979.
375:Flacăra
368:on the
358:Versuri
308:Studies
888:
870:
604:, and
594:Brașov
539:Poezii
500:Poezii
485:Cu voi
477:Poezii
411:Allies
277:German
248:Cogito
238:, and
170:; the
108:writer
716:]
671:]
552:Plumb
508:Works
504:Opere
469:Plumb
422:Plumb
403:Plumb
392:Plumb
388:Seara
336:) at
330:Plumb
318:Liceu
273:Bacău
216:]
208:Plumb
151:Plumb
55:Bacău
886:ISBN
868:ISBN
843:2022
817:2022
471:and
334:Lead
314:Iași
220:Lead
195:poet
185:O.S.
103:Poet
65:Died
40:Born
624:in
493:lei
271:in
174:of
929::
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714:ro
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