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interlocutors call him "Dr. Mayo," letting himself be cast as a Ph.D. in one of the social sciences, without correcting the mistake. Mayo's biographer
Trahair wrote, "Mayo was not a psychologist, sociologist, or anthropologist, although sometimes he was cast as such" (p. 357). Trahair also wrote that "after the great war Mayo's reputation grew as a successful academic, clinical psychologist and public speaker" (p. 89). Of course having a reputation as a clinical psychologist does not necessarily make one a clinical psychologist (the public often thinks of psychotherapists, regardless of training, as clinical psychologists or even psychiatrists).
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885:. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction. "Mayo wrote of his appointment to Sir William Mitchell, his mentor at the University of Adelaide. Immediately Mitchell personally arranged for Mayo to receive a Master of Arts degree. It was awarded for a thesis, presumably, on Mayo's research at Continental Mills" (p. 199), a textile manufacturing plant in Philadelphia.
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and finally revealed to his family the truth; he did not and could not become a doctor" (p. 28). Miner wrote: "An effective speaker and proficient in cultivating influential friends and mentors, he nevertheless had little by way of academic credentials and practically no training in the conduct of scientific research" (p. 60).
389:, Mayo's graduate assistant, and William J. Dickson, head of the Department of Employee Relations at Western Electric, conducted the bulk of the practical research, with Mayo rarely visiting the Hawthorne plant in Cicero, Illinois. Mayo's team carried out a number of "experiments" to look at ways of improving
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and in London, neither of which he completed. In 1903 he went to West Africa, and upon returning to London, began writing articles for magazines and teaching
English at the Working Men's College. He returned to Adelaide in 1905 to a partnership in the printing firm of J. H. Sherring & Co., but in
459:
and Lloyd H. Fisher, criticized Mayo for generalizing his results of the
Hawthorne studies. The two state that Mayo's research concerned small, isolated groups, and it was not clear that the conditions and supervision he achieved could have been replicated in large groups and factory settings. His
442:
Cullen indicated that Mayo was not a medical doctor, writing that in April 1903, Mayo "enrolled at a small medical school at Saint George's
Hospital at London....At this point, Mayo's interest in medicine was all but non-existent" (p. 28). Having dropped out by December 1903, Mayo "wrote home
438:
dictionaries, and some published texts indicate that Mayo was a psychologist. Some authors and critics have discussed Mayo's credentials and his various other job titles during his career in the United States. Cullen does not mention that Mayo was a psychologist although Cullen noted that Mayo let
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Mayo, in communicating to business leaders, advanced the idea that managers who understand the nature of informal ties among workers can make decisions for management's benefit. Mayo concluded that people's work performance is dependent on both social relationships and job content. He suggested a
464:'s idea of "the stranger," built upon the proposition that humans, by nature, are suspicious of others. More recently, in 2003, James Hoopes criticised Mayo for "substituting therapy for democracy." Re-analyses of the original Hawthorne data indicate that the quality of the research was poor.
190:
While in
Queensland, Mayo served on the University's war committee and pioneered research into the psychoanalytic treatment of shell-shock. As a psychologist Mayo often helped soldiers returning from World War I recover from the stresses of war and with a Brisbane physician, pioneered the
393:. The research involved manipulating length of rest and lunch periods and piecework payment plans. Mayo concluded that productivity partly depended on the informal social patterns of interaction in the work group.
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371:(1933). The research he conducted under the rubric of the Hawthorne Studies in the late 1920s and early 1930s, underlining the importance of groups in affecting the behaviour of individuals at work.
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and conducted psycho-pathological tests. He was a lecturer in psychology and mental philosophy at the UQ between 1911 and 1922, when he sailed to the United States. In 1926 he was appointed to the
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Von Sydow, K., & Reimer, C. (1998). Attitudes toward psychotherapists, psychologists, psychiatrists and psychoanalysts: A meta-content analysis of 60 studies published between 1948 and 1995.
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approaches" to industrial organizations, and underlined the importance of relationships among people who work for such organizations. His ideas on group relations were advanced in his 1933 book
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department gave rise to mental abnormalities in the workers. He found that the introduction of rest periods helped reduce turnover. The research helped make Mayo more widely known in the U.S.
240:. He emphasized that alongside the formal organization of an industrial workplace there exists an informal organizational structure as well. Mayo recognized the "inadequacies of existing
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183:, acquiring a Bachelor of Arts Degree graduating with First Class Honours, majoring in philosophy and psychology, and was later awarded an honorary Master of Arts Degree from the
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455:. Writing in 1947, Bell criticised Mayo and other social scientists for "adjusting men to machines," rather than enlarging human capacity or human freedom. Many, including
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In
Philadelphia he conducted research at a textile plant in order to develop a method to reduce the very high rate of turnover in the plant. Mayo's association with the
312:; they became close friends and were regularly in touch until Malinowski's death in 1942. The work with shell-shock soldiers provided a focus for Mayo's interests in
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The Human
Relations Movement: Harvard Business School and the Hawthorne Experiments, 1924–1933, at Harvard Business School, Baker Library Historical Collections
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Parsons, however, showed that the
Hawthorne studies, which were not really experiments, were too confounded to enable researchers to draw firm conclusions. The
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Mayo was the eldest son of George Gibbes Mayo, a draftsman and later a civil engineer, and his wife, Henrietta Mary Mayo (née
Donaldson). His grandfather
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Levitt, S.D., & List, J.A. (2011). Was there really a
Hawthorne effect at the Hawthorne plant? An analysis of the original illumination experiments.
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378:, the principles of which have been subsequently repeated in numerous 'how to' books on leadership, coaching and mentoring over the last half century.
285:. He won the Roby Fletcher prize in psychology and graduated with honours (B.A., 1910; M.A., 1926) and was named the David Murray research scholar in
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theories are also based upon the assumption that humans, by nature, want to cooperate and form groups, and he never allows for the possibility of
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tension between workers' "logic of sentiment" and managers' "logic of cost and efficiency" which could lead to conflict within organizations.
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One of Mayo's (1924) earliest research efforts involved workers at a Philadelphia textile mill. The mill had been experiencing a high rate of
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Nikolas Rose. Governing the Soul the Shaping of the Private Self: the shaping of the private self. 2nd ed. London: Free Assoc. Books, 1999.
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James Hoopes, "The Therapist: Elton Mayo" in "False Prophets: The Gurus who created modern management...", 2003, pp. 129–159.
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Two influences on his career from his time at the University of Queensland were Mayo's friendship with the social anthropologist
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as well as his research and work in Australia led to his enjoying a public acclaim granted to few social scientists of his day.
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Hseuh, Y. (2002). The Hawthorne Experiments and the Introduction of Jean Piaget in American Industrial Psychology, 1929–1932.
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and his work with shell-shock cases returning from the First World War. Malinowski first met Mayo on his way to and from the
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The qualitative aspects of the research suggested that norms of co-operation among workers were related to productivity.
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was later named for the phenomenon where people change their behavior when they are aware that they are being observed.
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The books begins with an account of the research on human fatigue and efficiency conducted in the early 20th century.
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when he gave close attention to the human, social, and political problems of industrial civilization." (p. 15).
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A new way of statecraft: The career of Elton Mayo and the development of the social sciences in America, 1920–1940.
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A new way of statecraft: The career of Elton Mayo and the development of the social sciences in America, 1920–1940.
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294:
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Elton Mayo married Dorothea McConnel on 18 April 1913. Dorothea was the eldest daughter of James Henry McConnel (
260:(1807–1894) was a well-known South Australian medical practitioner. Elton attended several schools in Australia (
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and this practical experience was an important influence on his theoretical and methodological work in America.
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Although biographers agree about Mayo's contributions, there is no consensus about his credentials. The
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False Prophets: The Gurus Who Created Modern Management And Why Their Ideas Are Bad For Business Today
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Mayo has been credited with making significant contributions to a number of disciplines, including
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Organizational behavior, Vol. 3: Historical origins, theoretical foundations, and the future
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Gael Elton Mayo, better known as Ruth Elton Mayo (1923–1992), British artist and novelist.
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studies. In 1911 he became foundation lecturer in mental and moral philosophy at the new
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ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; 1992; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Full Text.
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ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; 1992; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Full Text.
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Kyle Bruce, "Henry S. Dennison, Elton Mayo, and Human Relations historiography" in:
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Vivant Professores: distinguished members of the University of Queensland, 1910–1940
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1152:"Adjusting Men to Machines: Social Scientists Explore the World of the Factory"
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Patricia Elton Mayo married Dunstan Curtis. She was a sociologist, author of
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and in 1919–23 held the first chair of philosophy there. He moved on to the
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Mayo's contributions to management theory were criticised by intellectual
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Sarachek, B. (1968). Elton Mayo's Social Psychology and Human Relations.
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75:
43:
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Bell, D. (January 1947). The study of man: Adjusting men to machines.
754:"The Search for Social Harmony at Harvard Business School, 1919–1942"
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Biography – George Elton Mayo – Australian Dictionary of Biography
523:, London: Greenwood Press, 1972; Routledge, reprint edition 2013.
576:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
843:
Trahair, Richard C. S.; Zaleznik, Abraham (8 September 2017).
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at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School
225:. His field research in industry had a significant impact on
1013:"Hawthorne Effect | What is Hawthorne Effect? – MBA Learner"
506:(1878–1967) was his sister, and the Supreme Court judge Sir
301:(1926–1947), where he was professor of industrial research.
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1907 he went back to the university to study philosophy and
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Psychologist, industrial researcher, organisational theorist
363:, and was known for his industrial research including the
336:. For the rest of his working life, Mayo was an active
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Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Medical School
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The Human Problems of an Industrialized Civilization
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The Human Problems of an Industrialized Civilization
320:. In this he was strongly influenced by the work on
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The Human Problems of an Industrialized Civilization
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977:(4128), 922–932. doi: 10.1126/science.183.4128.922
973:Parsons, H.M. (1974). What happened at Hawthorne?
924:Mayo, E. (1924). Recovery and industrial fatigue.
546:The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization
236:Mayo's work helped to lay the foundation for the
944:"Mayo, George Elton (1880–1949)" by Helen Bourke
831:The human problems of an industrial civilization
798:Mayo, E. (1924). Revery and industrial fatigue.
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528:The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization
352:. Mayo believed that the repetitive work in the
1108:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3
535:Critical Evaluations in Business and Management
1332:Academic staff of the University of Queensland
987:Utts, Jessica M.; Heckard, Robert F. (2021).
297:, but spent the second half of his career at
203:(HBS) as a professor of industrial research.
167:(26 December 1880 – 7 September 1949) was an
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272:) and after 1901 attended medical school of
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359:Mayo helped to lay the foundation for the
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661:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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1082:The Academy of Management Journal, 11
1043:American Journal of Psychotherapy, 52
720:. Armonk, NY and London: M.E. Sharpe.
625:from the original on 26 October 2014.
580:from the original on 24 October 2013.
7:
950:from the original on 24 October 2013
926:The Journal of Personnel Research, 3
863:from the original on 9 February 2023
179:. Mayo was formally trained at the
1307:University of Pennsylvania faculty
1178:The mad mosaic : a life story
1110:, 224–238. doi:10.1257/app.3.1.224
1019:. 22 February 2018. Archived from
643:from the original on 18 April 2014
530:, Routledge, reprint edition 2003.
25:
991:. Cengage Learning. p. 222.
741:from the original on 12 May 2015.
1202:. U.S.: Transaction Publishers.
1200:Elton Mayo: The Humanist Temper'
940:"Mayo, George Elton (1880–1949)"
800:Journal of Personnel Research, 3
570:"Mayo, George Elton (1880–1949)"
420:{expand section|date=June 2015}
1312:Harvard Business School faculty
883:Elton Mayo: The humanist temper
846:Elton Mayo: The Humanist Temper
818:Elton Mayo: The humanist temper
480:, Queensland and the sister of
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1:
1292:Australian business theorists
1129:The Three Faces of Elton Mayo
1097:. Cambridge, MA: Basic Books.
820:. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction
510:(1885–1972) was his brother.
476: 1850 – 7 June 1914) of
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376:ground rules for interviewing
175:, industrial researcher, and
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1273:Works by or about Elton Mayo
1234:Catalogue of the Mayo papers
324:and obsession of the French
316:and developed his skills in
758:Modern Intellectual History
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1249:London School of Economics
881:Trahair, R. C. S. (1984).
816:Trahair, R. C. S. (1984).
521:Psychology of Pierre Janet
484:. They had two daughters:
295:University of Pennsylvania
1180:. London: Quartet Books.
1176:Mayo, Gael Elton (1983).
833:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
770:10.1017/S1479244321000706
332:, who became a critic of
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1327:Organizational theorists
1069:History of Psychology, 5
698:Cullen, David O'Donald.
541:, Michael C. Wood, 2004.
490:The Making of a Criminal
361:human relations movement
291:University of Queensland
252:Early life and education
238:human relations movement
185:University of Queensland
1219:David O'Donald Cullen.
1093:Hoopes, James. (2003).
895:Gregory, Helen (1987).
752:Acton, Ryan M. (2023).
619:Encyclopædia Britannica
431:Encyclopædia Britannica
387:Fritz J. Roethlisberger
299:Harvard Business School
274:University of Edinburgh
231:organizational behavior
201:Harvard Business School
177:organizational theorist
270:University of Adelaide
181:University of Adelaide
1150:Bell, Daniel (1947).
242:scientific management
1337:People from Adelaide
1243:3 April 2011 at the
1196:Trahair, Richard C.S
716:Miner, J.B. (2006).
539:John Cunningham Wood
462:José Ortega y Gasset
374:Elton Mayo laid the
306:Bronislaw Malinowski
219:industrial sociology
1172:, 2006, 1: 177–199.
1023:on 26 February 2018
544:George Elton Mayo:
533:George Elton Mayo:
526:George Elton Mayo:
519:George Elton Mayo:
502:The medical doctor
314:clinical psychology
215:business management
27:Australian academic
989:Mind on Statistics
946:. Adb.anu.edu.au.
731:"Enter Elton Mayo"
548:, Routledge, 2007.
478:Cressbrook Station
424:Mayo's credentials
266:St Peter's College
221:, philosophy, and
1260:Elton Mayo papers
1238:Archives Division
1187:978-0-7043-2360-5
998:978-1-337-79488-6
829:Mayo, E. (1933).
494:Roots of Identity
382:Hawthorne studies
365:Hawthorne Studies
310:Trobriand Islands
223:social psychology
208:Hawthorne studies
165:George Elton Mayo
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116:Dorothea McConnel
62:George Elton Mayo
18:George Elton Mayo
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89:(1949-09-07)
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1317:1880 births
1134:New Society
1124:J. H. Smith
1027:25 February
1017:MBA Learner
954:20 February
647:19 December
594:|work=
492:(1970) and
453:Daniel Bell
258:George Mayo
197:shell-shock
156:George Mayo
78:, Australia
48:Elton Mayo
1286:Categories
1209:1412805244
1156:Commentary
928:, 273–281.
802:, 273–281.
553:References
504:Helen Mayo
447:Criticisms
287:scientific
279:psychology
268:, and the
169:Australian
146:Helen Mayo
68:1880-12-26
52: 1935
36:Elton Mayo
786:246350331
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596:ignored (
586:cite book
153:(brother)
142:Relatives
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1228:Archives
1198:(2005).
1162:: 79–88.
1058:, 79–88.
948:Archived
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354:spinning
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344:Research
322:hysteria
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1029:2018
993:ISBN
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851:ISBN
774:ISSN
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598:help
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