292:, as a collaboration with groups from Birmingham under Derek Colley, Imperial College under Peter Dornan, and groups from the US and Japan. This was to be Kalmus’ last bubble chamber experiment. The bubble chamber technique was increasingly having to be extended and enhanced in order to produce competitive results. By the mid-1980s all bubble chambers had been closed. Kalmus was nevertheless a significant practitioner for much of the thirty-year period when the bubble chamber was the dominant technique in the field.
199:, working with the bubble chamber group. The UCL group was working with the only heavy liquid chamber in the UK, the other groups being based on liquid hydrogen or helium chambers. The aim of the group was to investigate ways of operating so-called "heavy liquids" at temperatures close to room temperature, and in particular to investigate the use of various high Z (atomic number) liquids as possible bubble chamber fluids.
273:, as the National Laboratory for Particle Physics, had as an important part of its mission the support of UK university groups. He encouraged collaboration by working with university groups on all his experiments. Because RAL staff had no teaching responsibilities, they were more able to take on work within the collaborations that required longer periods at
258:. Kalmus organised the Rutherford Laboratory group into three areas, led by Colin Fisher, Wilbur Venus and by Kalmus himself. All three research streams had very strong UK and International collaborations. The groups were involved in a number of experiments using the CERN proton synchrotron (PS) and later the CERN
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project was in three technical areas: the outer detector, primarily
Liverpool; the barrel muon chambers, primarily Oxford; and the data acquisition system, primarily RAL. However, the UK groups were centrally funded, and RAL with its relatively large engineering and design capabilities participated
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group also established a collaboration with the heavy liquid bubble chamber group led by
Professor Wilson Powell and Dr Bob Birge at the in Berkeley, California. Kalmus participated in experiments to measure the branching ratio of the rare decay of the lambda hyperon into a proton, electron and
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and joined the NA48 Experiment at CERN whose prime purpose was to measure "direct" CP violation in Kzero decays. Since RAL was not a formal participant in the experiment, Kalmus joined the group from
Cambridge led by Dr Tom White, who together with a small group from Edinburgh were the British
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In 1978, based on the success of the track sensitive target neutrino programme spearheaded by Wilbur Venus, Kalmus proposed an experiment using this equipment, but instead of a neutrino beam, used a 70 GeV negative pion beam. The idea being that the primary interaction would take place in the
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from 1979 onwards). This was a large group, and Kalmus became responsible for leading its research direction. At that time, The
Rutherford Laboratory housed a 7 GeV weak focusing Proton Synchrotron, and an accelerator very similar to the Bevatron used at the
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anti neutrino used a stopping Kplus beam and from 230000 pictures obtained some 150 events of the above kind out of 190000 lambdas decaying to proton piminus. Kalmus maintained a lasting interest in this field throughout his career.
206:, working on the design of a large bubble chamber which was built by the UCL group for the newly established National Institute for Research in Nuclear Science (NIRNS) – later to become the Rutherford Laboratory, and subsequently the
648:(PPARC) in 2002 commented that "A particle physicist in the family is a rare occurrence. That there should be two and both be leaders of the field is even more unusual, yet Professors Peter and George Kalmus have achieved this."
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Kalmus has served on and contributed to a considerable number of professional and science organisations throughout his career. These have included over a decade as the
Director and Head of Particle Physics Department of the
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in
Berkeley. The CERN proton synchrotron, a 25 GeV strong focusing machine, was already in operation and it was clear that most experiments, including those at low energies using secondary beams, were better performed at
318:, remaining in that position and capacity until 1997. This work took him away from much of the direct research participation, but established Kalmus as a highly influential figure nationally and internationally.
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Kalmus' father, Hans Kalmus, was a well-known biologist who worked at
University College, London from 1939, officially retiring as Professor in 1973 but continuing there until his death in 1988 at the age of 82.
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In 1970, Kalmus spent a year of sabbatical leave at CERN and there joined the
Fidecaro group who were working on a pi+ proton scattering experiment on a polarised proton target using an electronic detector.
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hydrogen, and the reaction products would then traverse the surrounding Neon-Hydrogen mixture and electrons would be easily identified. This experiment was approved as a collaboration between the
303:. The three sub groups of the bubble chamber group re coalesced and joined with groups from Oxford, and later Liverpool, the newly forming international collaboration, which eventually became
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group and groups from
Glasgow, Bologna, Saclay and Torino. The results strengthened the evidence for single electrons apparently emerging from primary interaction vertices.
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Kalmus has published numerous articles on experimental particle physics. A listing of many of Kalmus' works can be found in 'INSPIRE' Particle
Physics Database and the
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This was followed by an experiment he proposed which ran between 1979 and 1982 to measure the lifetimes of the charged and neutral charmed mesons using facilities at
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Kalmus went to school first in Hampstead and then in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. From 1945 till 1953 he was at St Albans County Grammar School (later renamed
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Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils. Annual Report 2001-2002. STFC Publications Archive – CCLRC Reports. Retrieved 21 July 2013
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group's contribution was to design a 1.4m heavy liquid bubble chamber, as one of the suite of tools to be used at the NIRNS 7GeV proton synchrotron.
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Institute of Physics – Awards – List of Glazebrook Medal Recipients – George Earnest Kalmus 2002. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
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Royal Society – Library and Information Services – List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1600-2007. Retrieved 22 July 2013
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307:. DELPHI – standing for DEtector with Lepton, Photon and Hadron Identification – was one of four large detectors used at
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229:(LRL), initially working on a stopped K+ meson decay exposure in the 30 inch bubble chamber. Apart from a brief return to
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In 1986, Kalmus was asked to become the Director of Particle Physics and Head of the Particle Physics Department at the
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Science & Technology Facilities Council ePublication Archive. Publications for G E Kalmus. Retrieved 21 July 2013
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pparc.ac.uk The Physics of Brothers. Julia Maddock – Press Officer, PPARC. 2002. Retrieved 16 January 2013
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until 1971, participating in a systematic investigation of Kminus proton scattering in the resonance region.
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In 1971, Kalmus became the head of the bubble chamber group at the Rutherford Laboratory (subsequently the
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Professor George Ernest Kalmus, Who's Who, Oxford University Press, 2013 Edition. Retrieved 12 July 2013
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where he remained for a further three years as a Research Associate. He is now an Honorary Fellow of
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Member of the ICFA International Technology Review Panel for an International Linear Collider (2004)
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in 1939. His sister Elsa Joan Kalmus was born in 1945. The family became British Citizens in 1946.
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Chairman of the ECFA Group on Organisational Matters for an International Linear Collider (2003)
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Birthday Honours List 2000. CBEs I-W. BBC News Friday 16 June 2000. Retrieved 21 July 2013
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Kalmus was associate director, 1986–94 and Director of Particle Physics, 1994–97 at the
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also designed and constructed the large super conducting solenoid which surrounded the
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He currently resides in Abingdon with his wife, Ann Christine (née Harland) Kalmus.
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1986-1997 – Director, Particle Physics and Head of Particle Physics Department.
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collaboration board and deputy spokesperson. The UK responsibility within the
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for leadership and promotion of particle physics in the UK and internationally
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Chairman of the European High Energy Physics Computing Coordinating Committee
521:, Kalmus has served on a number of international committees. These include:
139:, Yugoslavia, and moved to Britain with his parents and his elder brother
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644:, is another noted British particle physicist. A press release from the
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He was visiting professor, Physics and Astronomy Department, 1984–2000,
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in 1988 and made a CBE in 2000. He is currently an Honorary Scientist,
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1960 – Fellow of the Physical Society (Later the Institute of Physics)
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Member of the DOE/NSF HEPAP Long Range Planning Group (2001)
368:' particles, using a liquid xenon detector located in the
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Apart from his duties as Director of Particle Physics at
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for services to international particle physics research
262:(SPS)(see NA26, WA24, WA30, WA59 in particular in the
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1984 – Visiting professor, Physics Department at
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In 1962, Kalmus joined the Powell-Birge group at the
435:1972-1986 – Group Leader, Bubble Chamber Group and
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353:in 2000, but remains an Honorary Scientist there.
179:). He received his BSc (1956) and PhD (1959) at
487:. Kalmus has also been an active member of the
321:He also subsequently became the chairman of the
646:Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council
341:In 1998, Kalmus took sabbatical leave from the
269:Kalmus firmly believed in the concept that the
407:1963-1964 – Lecturer in Physics Department at
330:in all three activities when need arose. The
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356:Subsequent to his retirement, he joined the
264:List of Super Proton Synchrotron experiments
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404:(LRL) University of California, Berkeley.
382:Science and Technology Facilities Council
761:Scientific publications of George Kalmus
157:and has been a Fellow there since 1998.
128:(born 21 April 1935) is a noted British
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573:Scientific Policy Committee (1999-2001)
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800:Academics of University College London
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555:Member of the Advisory Committee on
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805:Alumni of University College London
532:Chairman of the BEBC user group at
160:Kalmus was elected a Fellow of the
542:Super Proton Synchrotron Committee
414:1964-1967 – Research Associate at
400:1962-1963 – Research Associate at
393:1959-1962 – Research Associate at
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349:Kalmus formally retired from the
295:Kalmus’ group then turned to the
217:Apart from this design work, the
470:2000 – Honorary Scientist,
428:1970-1971 – Sabbatical leave at
421:1967-1971 – Senior Physicist at
297:Large Electron–Positron Collider
277:or other overseas accelerators.
519:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
502:He has also been involved the
485:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
472:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
462:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
460:1998-2000 – Senior Scientist,
455:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
441:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
351:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
346:members of the collaboration.
343:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
332:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
316:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
283:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
271:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
246:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
208:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
166:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
148:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
36:George Ernest Kalmus, CBE, FRS
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489:Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
423:Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
416:Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
402:Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
370:Boulby Underground Laboratory
251:Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
235:Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
227:Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
785:Fellows of the Royal Society
651:Kalmus has three daughters.
195:Kalmus undertook his PhD at
191:Career and selected research
815:People associated with CERN
547:Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
299:(LEP) being constructed at
83:Glazebrook Medal and Prize
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625:Glazebrook Medal and Prize
27:British particle physicist
820:Jewish British scientists
609:University College London
597:American Physical Society
508:American Physical Society
497:University College London
464:, on sabbatical leave at
448:University College London
425:University of California.
409:University College London
395:University College London
231:University College London
219:University College London
212:University College London
204:University College London
197:University College London
185:University College London
181:University College London
155:University College London
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260:Super Proton Synchrotron
529:Track Chamber Committee
384:ePublication Archive.
601:1988 – Fellow of the
595:1988 – Fellow of the
432:as visiting scientist
622:Institute of Physics
512:Institute of Physics
360:collaboration (RAL,
118:George Ernest Kalmus
18:George Ernest Kalmus
795:Particle physicists
135:Kalmus was born in
810:British physicists
587:Honours and awards
130:particle physicist
607:1998 – Fellow of
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92:Scientific career
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780:1935 births
765:INSPIRE-HEP
559:(2000-2005)
366:Dark Matter
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774:Categories
658:References
338:detector.
63:Yugoslavia
48:1935-04-21
388:Positions
171:Education
510:and the
358:ZEPLIN 3
620:2002 –
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491:and of
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102:Physics
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557:TRIUMF
437:DELPHI
336:DELPHI
327:DELPHI
323:DELPHI
305:DELPHI
137:BeoÄŤin
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85:(2002)
80:Awards
59:BeoÄŤin
571:CERN
564:CERN
540:CERN
534:CERN
527:CERN
495:and
493:CERN
466:CERN
430:CERN
301:CERN
290:SLAC
275:CERN
256:CERN
42:Born
763:on
615:CBE
309:LEP
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126:FRS
122:CBE
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