239:, a film producer, sued Fabyan on the grounds that profits from forthcoming films of Shakespeare's works, along with a film on the life of Shakespeare, would be damaged by Fabyan's claims that Bacon was the author. On 9 March 1916, he obtained a temporary injunction stopping the publication of a book by Fabyan on the subject. Selig was intending to capitalise on the celebrations organised for the upcoming 300th anniversary of Shakespeare's death, which occurred in April 1616. A
209:
268:, joined the effort, initially as a photographer, and then later drawn into the cryptography effort, such that he eventually became the head of the Codes & Ciphers department in Friedman's lab. Both Elizebeth and William went on to have significant careers in cryptanalysis (a term coined by William), and their work became the foundation for what later became the
134:
Born in Boston to George and
Isabella Fabyan, the second child and eldest son of five children, he left home at age 17. Eventually ending up in Chicago, he ran the Chicago office of his tycoon-father's textile business—Bliss, Fabyan & Co.--from 1895-on. Inheritance from Bliss, Fabyan & Co.
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Literary Prize of $ 1000 in 1955 for its definitive study that is considered to have disproven the claims of all researchers that the works of
Shakespeare contain hidden ciphers that disclose Bacon's — or any other candidate's — secret authorship. The study was condensed and published in 1957 as
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were authentic and that
Francis Bacon was therefore the author of the works. Damages of $ 5,000 were awarded to Fabyan for the interference with the publication of the book. In the ensuing uproar, Tuthill rescinded his decision on 2 May 1916, and another judge, Frederick A. Smith, dismissed the
300:
as the birthplace of U.S. cryptology, and honored Fabyan in 1992 with a plaque reading "To the Memory of George Fabyan From a
Grateful Government: In recognition of the voluntary and confidential service rendered by Colonel Fabyan and his Riverbank Laboratories in the sensitive areas of
126:(1867 – 1936) was a millionaire businessman who founded a private research laboratory. Fabyan's laboratory pioneered modern cryptography & was the forerunner of the NSA. The National Security Agency has recognized Riverbank Laboratories as the birthplace of U.S. cryptology.
317:. He left $ 175,000 to his wife Nelle, and a $ 150 monthly stipend to his secretary, Belle Cumming. At George's request, his wife burned some of his papers after his death, despite pleas from William Friedman, but other papers survived and are now at the
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a series of pamphlets written by Fabyan's staff on their research and published by Fabyan. The publications on cryptanalysis, mostly written by
William Friedman and Elizebeth Smith Friedman, though uncredited, are considered seminal in the
174:, a private zoo, a Roman-style swimming pool, a lighthouse, two windmills, gardens, grottoes, greenhouses, a farm and the research laboratory. They lived on their estate from 1908 to 1939 in a farmhouse remodeled by
149:
by the
Japanese government for his service. Fabyan had spent some time in Japan before 1905, developing relations with Japanese government and business representatives. He was appointed as a liaison to General
779:
The
Shakespearean Ciphers Examined: An Analysis of Cryptographic Systems Used As Evidence That Some Author Other Than William Shakespeare Wrote the Plays Commonly Attributed to Him
170:, 40 miles west of Chicago, beginning with the purchase of 10 acres on the west bank of the Fox River. "Riverbank", as they named their estate, featured among other things, a
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ruling on 21 July 1916. It was later suggested by the press that the case was concocted by both parties for publicity, since Selig and Fabyan were known to be old friends.
932:
528:"Jumping o'er times : the importance of lawyers and judges in the controversy over the identity of Shakespeare, as reflected in the pages of the New York Times"
272:. Decades after working for Fabyan, William and Elizebeth collaborated on a study to discredit the ciphers that Gallup claimed to have discovered. This book won the
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158:) held in Maine in 1905. Between 1907 and 1910, he served as a host for General Kuroki, Baron Komura, and Prince Fushimi during their visits to Chicago.
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was done at Fabyan's laboratories. In particular they uncovered a plot against the
British by Indian nationalists supported by the Germans. The
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264:(later Elizebeth Friedman), a Shakespearean scholar, was employed by Fabyan to work with Gallup. Later, a geneticist employed by Fabyan,
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museum. The restored windmill is open to the public on summer weekends, as of 2019. The laboratory and windmill are listed on the
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appointed George Fabyan to his military guard in 1901, giving him the honorary title of
Colonel, by which he was later known.
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The Woman Who
Smashed Codes: A True Story of Love, Spies, and the Unlikely Heroine Who Outwitted America's Enemies
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and cryptologic training during a critical time of national need on the eve of America's entry into World War I."
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The Poacher from Stratford: A Partial Account of the Controversy Over the Authorship of Shakespeare's Plays
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321:. Nelle died of cancer in 1939 and the estate was sold to the county for $ 70,500; it is now part of the
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228:. He established a cryptologic research group to study alleged ciphers in Shakespeare's work. Known as
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provided the financial foundation from which he and his wife, Nelle, established their legacy.
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Bentley, Richard (February 1959). "Elizabethan Whodunnit: Who was William Shake-Speare?".
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182:. This site also contained George's and Nelle's expansive private library and museum.
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881:, Rufus A. Long Digital Library of Cryptography, George C. Marshal Library, 1917-1922
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Forest Preserve District. The acoustic laboratory Fabyan built still operates as the
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The Friedmans played a significant role in World War I. Nearly all American military
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249:, Richard Tuthill, found against Shakespeare's authorship - he determined that the
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The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Allan Poe to the Internet
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355:—consists of 100 blank pages, a commentary on the imponderables of commerce.
232:, it was the first privately owned research facility in the United States.
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224:, which was popular at the time, that Shakespeare's plays were written by
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U.S. Army Signals Intelligence In World War II: A Documentary History
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Shakespeare and His Rivals: A Casebook on the Authorship Controversy
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In 1914 Fabyan purchased and had moved a Dutch-style windmill built
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200:, this 5-story grist mill was restored to working order in 2004.
216:, depicting (left to right) Fabyan, Tuthill, Shakespeare, Selig.
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16:
American businessman who founded a private research laboratory
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From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at The
455:. Geneva, Illinois U.S.A.: City of Geneva. Archived from
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What I Know About the Future of Cotton and Domestic Goods
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Methods for the Solution of Ciphers, Publications 15-22
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He and his wife developed a 325-acre country estate in
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Friedman, William F.; Friedman, Elizebeth S. (1957).
706:Gilbert, James L.; Finnegan, John P., eds. (1993),
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87:
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37:
21:
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559:"Shakespeare is Probably Worrying a Lot Over This"
622:"Chicago Judge Rules Out Bacon-Shakespeare Suit"
806:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 236.
580:McMichael, George L.; Glenn, Edgar M. (1962).
538:(1). Tennessee Law Review Association: 82–85.
154:during the Russo-Japanese peace negotiations (
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717:United States Army Center of Military History
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667:The Friedman Collection: An Analytical Guide
435:"Out Of Success Came Legends Of Col. Fabyan"
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719:, p. 18, CMH Pub 70-43, archived from
651:. University of California Press. pp.
414:The Fabyan Forest Preserve and Villa Museum
433:Seigenthaler, Katherine (10 August 1987).
313:Fabyan died in 1936 from complications of
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18:
933:Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship
781:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
628:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – via
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7:
599:"Tuthill Rescinds Shakespeare Edict"
526:Niederkorn, William S. (Fall 2004).
335:National Register of Historic Places
212:Newspaper report of the 1916 trial,
145:In May, 1909 Fabyan was awarded the
279:The Shakespearean Ciphers Examined.
833:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 66.
750:Jason Fagone (26 September 2017).
14:
958:Shakespeare authorship theorists
681:American Bar Association Journal
565:. Chicago, Illinois – via
99:Nelle Wright (married 1887-1936)
253:identified by Fabyan's analyst
192:from its original farm site in
557:Staff Writer (10 March 1916).
1:
620:Staff Writer (21 July 2016).
196:to his estate. Known as the
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948:People from Geneva, Illinois
943:Businesspeople from Illinois
895:The George Fabyan Collection
643:Wadsworth, Frank W. (1958).
586:. Odyssey Press. p. 99.
830:Geneva in Vintage Postcards
827:Laukaitis, John J. (2004).
597:Staff Writer (3 May 1916).
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938:Businesspeople from Boston
855:"Fabian Windmill web site"
329:, and his home is now the
274:Folger Shakespeare Library
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800:Shawn Rosenheim (1997).
497:National Security Agency
483:Forest Preserve District
294:National Security Agency
290:World War I cryptography
178:, which they called the
113:Isabella Fabyan (mother)
347:Fabyan, George (1905).
319:New York Public Library
147:Order of the Rising Sun
83:, Boston, Massachusetts
953:Riverbank Laboratories
401:, Wealthy Eccentrics,
361:Riverbank Publications
327:Riverbank Laboratories
298:Riverbank Laboratories
255:Elizabeth Wells Gallup
237:William Nicholas Selig
230:Riverbank Laboratories
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110:George Fabyan (father)
626:Pittsburgh Daily Post
220:Fabyan supported the
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194:York Center, Illinois
81:Forest Hills Cemetery
52:Boston, Massachusetts
532:Tennessee Law Review
156:Treaty of Portsmouth
899:Library of Congress
493:Cryptologic Almanac
439:The Chicago Tribune
603:The New York Times
513:2009-07-27 at the
475:2013-09-26 at the
419:2010-01-28 at the
251:bi-literal ciphers
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176:Frank Lloyd Wright
138:Illinois Governor
840:978-0-7385-3347-6
813:978-0-8018-5331-9
763:978-0-06-243050-2
756:. HarperCollins.
377:Alfred Lee Loomis
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309:Death and legacy
266:William Friedman
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296:has recognized
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262:Elizebeth Smith
222:Baconian theory
214:Chicago Tribune
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204:Baconian theory
198:Fabyan Windmill
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172:Japanese Garden
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152:Kuroki Tamemoto
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665:Rose Sheldon,
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459:on 2009-07-27.
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23:George Fabyan
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908:Find a Grave
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863:. Retrieved
859:the original
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605:– via
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563:The Day Book
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180:Fabyan Villa
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77:Burial place
64:(1936-05-17)
928:1936 deaths
923:1867 births
481:Kane County
323:Kane County
284:World War I
190: 1870
62:17 May 1936
917:Categories
865:2010-05-28
730:2015-03-26
687:(2): 203.
383:References
162:Properties
130:Early life
122:"Colonel"
44:1867-03-15
544:0040-3288
693:25720659
511:Archived
473:Archived
417:Archived
371:See also
315:pleurisy
235:In 1916
104:Parents
91:Colonel
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810:
787:718233
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691:
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366:field.
96:Spouse
724:(PDF)
713:(PDF)
689:JSTOR
341:Works
247:judge
88:Title
835:ISBN
808:ISBN
783:OCLC
758:ISBN
655:–75.
540:ISSN
358:The
59:Died
38:Born
906:at
403:CNN
270:NSA
919::
738:^
715:,
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391:^
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42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
