Knowledge (XXG)

George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith

Source 📝

679: 62: 126: 1063: 748: 141: 985: 755: 779:
Dexter: A Savage proper wreathed head and middle with Oak Leaves Vert in his exterior hand a Club resting on his right shoulder on his breast a Shield Azure charged with three Fleur de lis Or, at his feet an Anchor Sable; Sinister: A Stag proper attired and unguled Or collared Azure the Collar
615:
were expressed through him to the fallen Emperor. Lord Keith refused to be led into disputes, and confined himself to declaring steadily that he had his orders to obey. He was not much impressed by the appearance of his illustrious charge and thought that the airs of Napoleon and his suite were
1496: 1481: 549:, and the French made their re-entry so rapidly that the admiral had considerable difficulty in getting his ships out of the harbour. The close of 1801 and the beginning of the following year were spent in transporting the army sent to recover 1461: 589:. During his last two commands he was engaged first in overseeing the measures taken to meet a threatened invasion, and then in directing the movements of the numerous small squadrons and private ships employed on the coasts of Spain and 274:
George Elphinstone was the fourth son of Charles Elphinstone, 10th Lord Elphinstone, and his wife Lady Clementina Fleming, the daughter and heiress of John Fleming, 6th Earl of Wigtown. Elphinstone was born on 7 January 1746 at
553:
from the French. As the naval force of the enemy was completely driven into port, the British admiral had no opportunity of an action at sea, but his management of the convoy carrying the troops, and of the landing at
667:. He had a daughter by each marriage, the second being Georgina Augusta Henrietta, but no son. Thus the viscountcy became extinct on his death, but the British and Irish baronies descended to his elder daughter 928:
A History of the Mason Lodge of Holyrood House (St.Luke's), No. 44, holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland with Roll of Members, 1734–1934, by Robert Strathern Lindsay, W.S., Edinburgh, 1935. Vol. II, p.
1406: 1000: 1411: 522:
At the close of 1798, he was sent as second in command to St Vincent. It was for a long time a thankless post, for St Vincent was at once half incapacitated by ill-health and very arbitrary, while
1431: 1436: 1446: 780:
charged with three Cinquefoils Argent and pendent therefrom a Shield of the last with a Chief Gules charged with three Pallets Or, the dexter hind foot resting on an Anchor Sable
1416: 1426: 446: 1451: 1396: 678: 1208: 1009: 637: 454: 242: 146: 47: 1269: 1235: 530:, mainly due to sparring among the British naval commanders. Keith followed the enemy to Brest on their retreat, but was unable to bring them to action. 458: 1491: 1032: 61: 1368: 1337: 258: 729: 608: 526:, who considered that Keith's appointment was a personal slight to himself, was peevish and insubordinate. In May 1799, he was unable to counter 1056: 1456: 1218: 368:
until January 1765, at which point he went on leave at home. His leave over, Elphinstone was next appointed to serve on the 32-gun frigate
511:. In the interval he had gone on to India, where his health suffered, and the capture at Saldanha was effected on his way home. When the 495:
of British and Spaniards. He was entrusted with the duty of embarking the fugitives when the town was evacuated. In 1794 he was promoted
1126: 1109: 1099: 430:, he captured a Dutch 50-gun ship that had beaten off a British vessel of equal strength a few days before. On 15 September 1782 in the 316: 227: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1037:
Reviewed by Keith Mercer (Department of History, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia) Published on H-Maritime (November, 2006)
1184: 1035:
Mercer on McCranie, 'Admiral Lord Keith and the Naval War against Napoleon'. Beyond Nelson: The Life of a Forgotten British Admiral.
392: 1421: 1253: 966: 612: 1441: 767:
A Lady from the middle well attired proper holding in her dexter hand a Tower Argent and in her sinister a Laurel Branch proper
488: 1486: 1287: 1143: 904: 574: 566: 395:, lent each £2,000 for the journey, which money allowed them to profit from the expedition. He became lieutenant in 1770, 284: 1401: 1279: 1170: 578: 527: 1192: 668: 462: 450: 439: 435: 249: 51: 1027:
Admiral Lord Keith and the Naval War against Napoleon (New Perspectives on Maritime History and Nautical Archaeology
515:
broke out in 1797 he was appointed to the command, and was soon able to restore order. He was equally successful at
420: 412: 299: 276: 196: 89: 719: 1228: 1089: 672: 507:. He had a large share in the capture of the Cape in 1795, and in August 1796 captured a whole Dutch squadron in 504: 201: 1153: 996: 695: 131: 724: 1201: 342:
sailed back to Britain, and in March of the following year Elphinstone left her to join the 32-gun frigate
636:
He was twice married: in 1787 to Jane Mercer, daughter of Colonel William Mercer of Aldie, and in 1808 to
601: 327: 706:
He was initiated into Scottish Freemasonry in Lodge Holyrood House (St Luke's), No. 44, on 16 June 1769.
542: 424: 369: 335: 309: 222: 17: 1391: 1386: 545:, which surrendered on 4 June 1800. It was however immediately afterwards lost in consequence of the 36: 1068: 1116: 621: 361: 191: 1345: 570: 380: 292: 178: 747: 715: 491:. He particularly distinguished himself by beating a body of the French ashore at the head of a 1136: 617: 581:), which post he held until 1807. In February 1812 he was appointed commander-in-chief in the 546: 538: 500: 477: 354: 105: 1052: 1163: 296: 109: 330:, Elphinstone saw action in the campaign that culminated in the removal of the French from 449:
was taken prisoner. After peace was signed he remained on shore for ten years, serving in
343: 206: 573:
having been conferred on him in 1797. On the renewal of the war in 1803 he was appointed
1062: 660: 655: 523: 375:
in August 1766. In December, however, he obtained permission from his captain to leave
1380: 1004: 991: 649: 645: 582: 550: 534: 492: 416: 687: 641: 508: 496: 431: 400: 331: 280: 975: 939: 843: 1358: 1327: 1316: 1300: 562: 512: 754: 388: 305:
on 4 November 1761. He stayed in her only briefly, transferring to the 44-gun
288: 254: 160: 1013:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 716–717. 691: 396: 295:. Elphinstone followed his third brother into the navy, joining the 100-gun 1497:
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Stirling constituencies
1482:
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
625: 597: 590: 586: 516: 960: 555: 306: 1462:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
1053:"Archival material relating to George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith" 714:
Lord Keith and his wife 'Queeney' appear in several of the novels in
484: 474: 990:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
677: 722:. He is also mentioned in passing in Robert Brightwell's novel 773:
Argent a Chevron Sable between three Boars' Heads erased Gules
753: 746: 537:
in November as commander-in-chief. He co-operated with the
519:, where the squadron was also in a state of effervescence. 27:
British Royal Navy officer, politician and peer (1746–1823)
473:
When war broke out again in 1793, he was appointed to the
353:
only briefly, transferring from her to the 20-gun frigate
911:(in Swedish), no. 17, pp. 1–2, 28 February 1807 279:, Scotland. Of his three elder brothers, two joined the 887: 885: 883: 881: 879: 877: 825: 823: 741:
Coat of arms of George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith
1407:
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
1412:
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
253:(7 January 1746 – 10 March 1823), was a British 1041:"Life of Admiral Lord Keith" by Alexander Allardyce 415:he was employed against the privateers, and with a 215: 184: 174: 166: 156: 115: 95: 76: 68: 34: 959: 810: 808: 806: 804: 1432:Peers of the United Kingdom created by George III 423:. In January 1781, when in command of the 50-gun 228:Knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus 732:(as is, in part, the character of Jack Aubrey). 257:officer, politician and peer who served in the 1437:Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom 905:"Lord Keith, en af Englands ypperste Amiraler" 1090:Commander-in-Chief, Cape of Good Hope Station 483:, in which he took part in the occupation of 391:on a trip to China. The two brothers' uncle, 8: 1447:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 682:George Keith Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith 239:George Keith Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith 1417:Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars 970:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 961:"Elphinstone, George Keith, Viscount Keith" 1074: 1061: 739: 600:surrendered and was brought to England in 60: 31: 1001:Keith, George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount 499:, and in 1795 he was sent to occupy the 259:French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 18:George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount Keith 1209:Member of Parliament for Dunbartonshire 1117:Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet 967:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 800: 730:Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald 675:, only to become extinct on her death. 628:, and was buried in the parish church. 616:ridiculous. Lord Keith died in 1823 at 379:in order to join his brother William's 1427:Peers of Ireland created by George III 1270:Member of Parliament for Stirlingshire 1236:Member of Parliament for Stirlingshire 891: 868: 829: 740: 319:, on 1 January of the following year. 842:Hiscocks, Richard (17 January 2016). 694:and another by George Sanders in the 338:in September. At the end of the year 7: 1452:Knights of the Order of the Crescent 1397:Nobility from Falkirk (council area) 814: 686:A portrait of him by Owen is in the 940:"Keith, Viscount (UK, 1814 – 1823)" 844:"Cape Commander-in-Chief 1795–1852" 728:, based loosely on the exploits of 648:, who is spoken of as 'Queeney' in 223:Knight of the Order of the Crescent 611:(1777–1839). The decisions of the 25: 585:, and in 1814 he was raised to a 393:George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal 360:after two months. As part of the 1492:UK MPs who were granted peerages 1254:Parliament of the United Kingdom 1246:Parliament of the United Kingdom 983: 613:government of the United Kingdom 139: 124: 489:Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood 1: 1288:Peerage of the United Kingdom 1144:Commander-in-Chief, North Sea 1071:slowly being put online here. 671:(1788–1867), who married the 575:Commander-in-Chief, North Sea 285:William Fullerton Elphinstone 1457:Fellows of the Royal Society 1280:Charles Elphinstone Fleeming 1171:Commander-in-Chief, The Nore 976:UK public library membership 577:(which at the time included 1263:Parliament of Great Britain 1193:Parliament of Great Britain 1175:(Part of North Sea Command) 593:, and in protecting trade. 463:fellow of the Royal Society 1513: 421:Charleston, South Carolina 413:American Revolutionary War 287:, initially served in the 197:American Revolutionary War 90:Elphinstone Tower, Falkirk 1365: 1356: 1351: 1344: 1334: 1325: 1314: 1307: 1298: 1293: 1286: 1276: 1267: 1259: 1252: 1242: 1233: 1229:Robert Graham of Gartmore 1225: 1215: 1206: 1198: 1191: 1181: 1168: 1160: 1150: 1141: 1133: 1123: 1114: 1106: 1096: 1087: 1082: 1077: 505:Cape of Good Hope Station 503:thereby establishing the 202:French Revolutionary Wars 59: 1219:Sir Archibald Edmonstone 725:Flashman and the Seawolf 696:National Maritime Museum 624:, Fife, his property in 596:He was at Plymouth when 364:, Elphinstone served in 72:George Keith Elphinstone 1422:Scottish businesspeople 1202:Lord Frederick Campbell 1010:Encyclopædia Britannica 958:Owen, C. H. H. (2009). 558:, was greatly admired. 315:, commanded by Captain 1442:Younger sons of barons 997:Hannay, David McDowall 758: 751: 683: 328:North American Station 1477:British MPs 1796–1800 1472:British MPs 1784–1790 1467:British MPs 1780–1784 757: 750: 720:Aubrey–Maturin series 681: 445:during which Captain 419:at the occupation of 336:Battle of Signal Hill 1057:UK National Archives 850:. morethannelson.com 453:as member first for 37:The Right Honourable 1402:Royal Navy admirals 871:, pp. 716–717. 742: 638:Hester Maria Thrale 622:Kincardine-on-Forth 533:He returned to the 461:. He was elected a 362:Mediterranean Fleet 291:before joining the 1346:Peerage of Ireland 1110:Earl of St Vincent 1025:McCrannie, Kevin. 848:morethannelson.com 759: 752: 684: 434:he led a squadron 381:East India Company 293:East India Company 179:Admiral of the Red 167:Service years 42:The Viscount Keith 1375: 1374: 1366:Succeeded by 1335:Succeeded by 1277:Succeeded by 1243:Succeeded by 1216:Succeeded by 1182:Succeeded by 1176: 1151:Succeeded by 1137:Archibald Dickson 1124:Succeeded by 1097:Succeeded by 1078:Military offices 974:(Subscription or 792: 791: 673:Comte de Flahault 618:Tulliallan Castle 547:Battle of Marengo 528:Bruix' expedition 501:Dutch Cape Colony 447:Latouche Tréville 283:while the third, 277:Elphinstone Tower 236: 235: 106:Tulliallan Castle 16:(Redirected from 1504: 1487:UK MPs 1801–1802 1260:Preceded by 1226:Preceded by 1199:Preceded by 1174: 1164:Alexander Graeme 1161:Preceded by 1134:Preceded by 1107:Preceded by 1075: 1065: 1060: 1029:). 30 April 2006 1014: 989: 987: 986: 979: 971: 963: 944: 943: 936: 930: 926: 920: 919: 918: 916: 901: 895: 889: 872: 866: 860: 859: 857: 855: 839: 833: 827: 818: 812: 743: 609:Captain Maitland 297:ship of the line 252: 247: 192:Seven Years' War 149: 145: 143: 142: 134: 130: 128: 127: 110:Kincardine, Fife 102: 86: 84: 64: 54: 32: 21: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1362: 1340: 1331: 1320: 1304: 1282: 1273: 1265: 1248: 1239: 1231: 1221: 1212: 1204: 1187: 1178: 1173: 1166: 1156: 1147: 1139: 1129: 1127:Viscount Nelson 1120: 1112: 1102: 1093: 1069:Keith's Papers 1051: 1048: 1033:Mercer, Keith. 1022: 1020:Further reading 1017: 995: 984: 982: 973: 957: 953: 948: 947: 938: 937: 933: 927: 923: 914: 912: 903: 902: 898: 890: 875: 867: 863: 853: 851: 841: 840: 836: 828: 821: 813: 802: 797: 738: 716:Patrick O'Brian 712: 704: 661:Madame d'Arblay 634: 583:English Channel 471: 457:, and then for 440:38 gun frigate 409: 349:. He stayed in 302:Royal Sovereign 272: 267: 245: 241: 232: 211: 207:Napoleonic Wars 152: 140: 138: 137: 125: 123: 122: 104: 100: 88: 87:17 January 1746 82: 80: 55: 46: 44: 43: 40: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1510: 1508: 1500: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1372: 1369:Margaret Keith 1367: 1364: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1338:Margaret Keith 1336: 1333: 1323: 1322: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1301:Viscount Keith 1297: 1291: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1275: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1214: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1180: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1154:Thomas Russell 1152: 1149: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1122: 1113: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1100:Thomas Pringle 1098: 1095: 1086: 1080: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1066: 1047: 1046:External links 1044: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1030: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1005:Chisholm, Hugh 980: 954: 952: 949: 946: 945: 931: 921: 896: 894:, p. 717. 873: 861: 834: 832:, p. 716. 819: 799: 798: 796: 793: 790: 789: 788: 787: 784: 781: 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 760: 737: 734: 711: 708: 703: 700: 640:, daughter of 633: 630: 567:United Kingdom 543:siege of Genoa 524:Horatio Nelson 470: 467: 455:Dunbartonshire 408: 405: 271: 268: 266: 263: 234: 233: 231: 230: 225: 219: 217: 213: 212: 210: 209: 204: 199: 194: 188: 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 168: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 151: 150: 147:United Kingdom 135: 119: 117: 113: 112: 103:(aged 77) 97: 93: 92: 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 57: 56: 45: 41: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1509: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1370: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1313: 1310: 1303: 1302: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1272: 1271: 1264: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1238: 1237: 1230: 1224: 1220: 1211: 1210: 1203: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1177: 1172: 1165: 1159: 1155: 1146: 1145: 1138: 1132: 1128: 1119: 1118: 1111: 1105: 1101: 1092: 1091: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 992:public domain 981: 977: 969: 968: 962: 956: 955: 950: 941: 935: 932: 925: 922: 910: 906: 900: 897: 893: 888: 886: 884: 882: 880: 878: 874: 870: 865: 862: 849: 845: 838: 835: 831: 826: 824: 820: 816: 811: 809: 807: 805: 801: 794: 785: 782: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 762: 761: 756: 749: 745: 744: 735: 733: 731: 727: 726: 721: 717: 709: 707: 701: 699: 698:, Greenwich. 697: 693: 689: 680: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 657: 651: 647: 646:Hester Thrale 643: 639: 631: 629: 627: 623: 619: 614: 610: 606: 605: 599: 594: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 559: 557: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 535:Mediterranean 531: 529: 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 493:naval brigade 490: 486: 482: 481: 476: 468: 466: 464: 460: 459:Stirlingshire 456: 452: 448: 444: 443: 437: 436:that captured 433: 429: 428: 422: 418: 417:naval brigade 414: 406: 404: 402: 399:in 1772, and 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 373: 367: 363: 359: 358: 352: 348: 347: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 320: 318: 314: 313: 308: 304: 303: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 270:Early service 269: 264: 262: 260: 256: 251: 244: 240: 229: 226: 224: 221: 220: 218: 214: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 189: 187: 183: 180: 177: 173: 169: 165: 162: 159: 155: 148: 136: 133: 132:Great Britain 121: 120: 118: 114: 111: 107: 99:10 March 1823 98: 94: 91: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 58: 53: 49: 38: 33: 30: 19: 1357: 1353:New creation 1352: 1326: 1315: 1308: 1299: 1295:New creation 1294: 1268: 1262: 1245: 1234: 1207: 1185:Thomas Wells 1169: 1142: 1115: 1088: 1083: 1034: 1026: 1008: 965: 934: 924: 913:, retrieved 908: 899: 864: 852:. Retrieved 847: 837: 786:Cause Causit 723: 713: 705: 688:Painted Hall 685: 664: 653: 642:Henry Thrale 635: 603: 595: 579:Nore Command 571:Irish barony 561:He was made 560: 532: 521: 509:Saldanha Bay 497:rear-admiral 479: 472: 441: 432:Delaware Bay 426: 410: 407:Post-Captain 401:post captain 384: 376: 371: 365: 356: 350: 345: 339: 332:Newfoundland 323: 321: 311: 301: 281:British Army 273: 238: 237: 101:(1823-03-10) 29: 1392:1823 deaths 1387:1746 births 1359:Baron Keith 1328:Baron Keith 1317:Baron Keith 909:Åbo Tidning 892:Hannay 1911 869:Hannay 1911 854:19 November 830:Hannay 1911 815:Owen (2009) 702:Freemasonry 632:Family life 604:Bellerophon 563:Baron Keith 513:Nore Mutiny 438:the French 411:During the 322:Serving in 317:John Jervis 1381:Categories 1363:1797–1823 1332:1803–1823 1321:1801–1823 1305:1814–1823 1274:1801–1802 1240:1796–1801 1213:1781–1790 1179:1803–1807 1148:1803–1807 1121:1799–1802 1094:1795–1796 978:required.) 951:References 776:Supporters 770:Escutcheon 710:In fiction 587:viscountcy 451:Parliament 389:third mate 289:Royal Navy 255:Royal Navy 161:Royal Navy 116:Allegiance 83:1746-01-17 69:Birth name 999:(1911). " 795:Citations 692:Greenwich 602:HMS  539:Austrians 478:HMS  465:in 1790. 425:HMS  403:in 1775. 397:commander 310:HMS  300:HMS  170:1761–1823 1309:Extinct 1084:New post 669:Margaret 654:Life of 626:Scotland 598:Napoleon 591:Portugal 517:Plymouth 1007:(ed.). 994::  659:and in 656:Johnson 650:Boswell 620:, near 565:of the 556:Aboukir 541:in the 469:Admiral 427:Warwick 377:Emerald 372:Emerald 340:Gosport 334:at the 326:on the 324:Gosport 312:Gosport 307:frigate 1003:". In 988:  972: 915:3 July 485:Toulon 480:Robust 475:74-gun 385:Tryton 383:ship, 366:Lively 357:Lively 265:Career 216:Awards 157:Branch 144:  129:  783:Motto 764:Crest 665:Diary 569:, an 551:Egypt 442:Aigle 387:, as 248: 246:, 50: 929:676. 917:2014 856:2016 736:Arms 644:and 370:HMS 355:HMS 351:Juno 346:Juno 344:HMS 185:Wars 175:Rank 96:Died 77:Born 718:'s 690:in 663:'s 652:'s 607:by 487:by 250:FRS 243:GCB 52:FRS 48:GCB 1383:: 1055:. 964:. 907:, 876:^ 846:. 822:^ 803:^ 261:. 108:, 1059:. 942:. 858:. 817:. 85:) 81:( 20:)

Index

George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount Keith
The Right Honourable
GCB
FRS

Elphinstone Tower, Falkirk
Tulliallan Castle
Kincardine, Fife
Great Britain
United Kingdom
Royal Navy
Admiral of the Red
Seven Years' War
American Revolutionary War
French Revolutionary Wars
Napoleonic Wars
Knight of the Order of the Crescent
Knight of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
GCB
FRS
Royal Navy
French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
Elphinstone Tower
British Army
William Fullerton Elphinstone
Royal Navy
East India Company
ship of the line
HMS Royal Sovereign
frigate

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.