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297:, the father of modern methods for predicting crack growth and its control in aircraft structures. Irwin served for five years before reaching mandatory retirement age. In his tenure, he continued his collaboration with Paris, and collaborated with, influenced, or assisted many notable individuals in the fracture mechanics community, including:
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In 1946 he was made responsible for the project on brittle fracture at the NRL and in 1948 he was promoted from the head of the
Ballistics Branch of the NRL to associate superintendent of the Mechanics Division. In 1950 he was again promoted to superintendent of the Mechanics Division. He served in
238:. Griffith had shown that an instability criterion could be derived for cracks in brittle materials based on the variation of potential energy of the structure as the crack grew. The Griffith approach was global and could not easily be extended to accommodate
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penetrating targets. Here he developed methods for determining the penetration force that a projectile exerts on its target. This work was completed throughout the
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with finite geometries subjected to various types of loadings. The theory was considered to apply only to a limited class of extremely
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where he studied from 1931 to 1935. He received his Ph.D. from the
University of Illinois in 1937; his thesis was on the mass ratio of
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562:, Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, Volume 10 (2002), p 146–153, National Academy of Engineering (NAE).
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The classical approach to brittle fracture in the late 1940s had been developed in the early 1920s, following the work of
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and earned an A.B. degree in
English in 1930. After an additional year studying physics, he transferred to the
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A. A. Wells of the
British Welding Institute on characterizing fracture in normally ductile steel structures;
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He was involved in the development of several standards and led several committees for the
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by incorporating a plastic work of fracture in addition to the classical surface energy of
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129:(February 26, 1907 – October 9, 1998) was an American scientist in the field of
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522:"George Rankin Irwin. 26 February 1907 -- 9 October 1998: Elected For.Mem.R.S. 1987"
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After retiring from Lehigh
University in 1972, Irwin joined the faculty of the
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1987 - ASM Gold Medal for
Outstanding Contributions to Engineering and Science
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1976 - The Grande
Medaille Award of the French Metallurgical Society of France
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approach for characterizing the onset of crack growth in ductile materials;
223:) failed in a brittle manner during test firings initiated his interest in
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1998 - A. James Clark
Outstanding Commitment Award University of Maryland
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254:. Irwin observed that the fracture process in metals involved nonelastic
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1993 - Engineering
Innovation Hall of Fame at the University of Maryland
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1966 - American
Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Thurston Lecture
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and the critical plane-strain stress intensity factor (KIC) which is a
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137:. He was internationally known for his study of fracture of materials.
215:). This coupled with his observation that thick armor plate made from
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1961 - Ford Foundation Visiting Professorship, University of Illinois
352:, specifically concerned with crack arrest and the implications in a
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1989 - Honorary membership in Deutscher Verband für Material Prufung
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1982 - Tetmajer Award of the Technical University of Vienna, Austria
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1977 - B. J. Lazan Award from the Society for Experimental Mechanics
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that capacity until his retirement from government service in 1967.
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1998 - Appointed Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering
340:, on the dynamics of inertial limited crack propagation and arrest.
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1988 - ASTM Fracture Mechanics Award and the George R. Irwin Medal
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As part of this work, Irwin defined the fundamental concept of a
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1982 - Governor's Citation for Distinguished Service to Maryland
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1979 - Francis J. Clamer Clauier Medal of the Franklin Institute
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1977 - Honorary degree, doctor of engineering, Lehigh University
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at the crack tip. This observation permitted him to modify the
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1992 - George R. Irwin Research Award, University of Maryland
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as the Boeing University Professor by long-time collaborator
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Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
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1987 - Elected to foreign membership, British Royal Society
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1969 - University of Illinois Engineering Achievement Award
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1990 - Honorary membership in the American Ceramic Society
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1969 - Alumni Achievement Award, University of Illinois
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1977 - Election to the National Academy of Engineering
207:. Part of this work led to the development of several
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F. Erdogan on cracks in thin-walled shell structures;
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http://darwin.nap.edu/books/0309084571/html/146.html
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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423:1974 - Lehigh University Academic Leadership Award
379:Additionally, he received the following honours:-
614:Fellows of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
383:1946 - Naval Distinguished Civilian Service Award
429:1974 - American Society for Metals Sauveur Award
195:where he worked until 1967. There he worked on
589:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
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386:1947 - Knox College Alumni Achievement Award
284:American Society for Testing and Materials
170:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
325:, Harvard University, on developing the
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392:1960 - RESA Award for Applied Research
309:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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609:Foreign members of the Royal Society
346:University of Maryland, College Park
47:adding citations to reliable sources
490:1990 - Albert Sauveur Lecture Award
389:1959 - ASTM Charles B. Dudley Medal
199:, specifically on the mechanics of
465:Society for Experimental Mechanics
368:Irwin was a member of the America
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348:where he worked in the field of
289:In 1967, Irwin was recruited to
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584:20th-century American engineers
370:National Academy of Engineering
34:needs additional citations for
619:Knox College (Illinois) alumni
410:1969 - U. S. Navy Conrad Award
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372:and a Foreign Member of the
338:Southwest Research Institute
189:US Naval Research Laboratory
145:George R. Irwin was born in
426:1974 - ASTM honorary member
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398:1966 - ASTM Award of Merit
594:Lehigh University faculty
157:where he went to school.
420:Murray Lectureship Award
354:loss-of-coolant accident
141:Early life and education
447:1978 - ASTM-Irwin Award
435:1977 - ASME Nadai Award
364:Memberships and honours
272:Stress Intensity Factor
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187:In 1937 he joined the
149:. His family moved to
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520:Wells, A. A. (2000).
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404:1967 - Fellow, ASTM
358:nuclear power plant
166:Galesburg, Illinois
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317:Harvard University
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