272:(1914–1918) during which Nyasaland was a key route to supply and reinforce British forces in East Africa. Smith implemented unpopular measures such as the centralisation of powers previously held by the chiefs, calling for Africans to enlist in the British forces and requisitioning food from areas already facing shortages.
309:
had been a recommendation of the
Chilembwe commission. Smith attempted to put in place reforms to improve the social development of the protectorate including expanding healthcare provision. He opened 70 rural dispensaries which allowed for a fivefold increase in the number of patients treated by his health service.
312:
Smith retired as governor on 12 April 1923, having served an unusually long term for a colonial governor. The war had adversely affected Smith's plans to improve transport infrastructure in the protectorate and create links to the rest of the world. However, by Smith's retirement the government's
308:
After the war a large number of ex-servicemen migrated to
Nyasaland and Smith took measures in 1918 to limit the leasing of crown land to these men, as he determined that it was needed for the resettlement of Africans evicted from their farms. He also set about reforming the police service, which
325:, were well progressed and a railway laid to Lake Nyasa. In Smith's term the number of acres devoted to tea, cotton and tobacco cultivation increased more than a hundredfold. During the war he greatly expanded Nyasaland's road network and expanded maize production, and also acted to control
301:, which he moved swiftly to quash, Smith noted that it marked "a new phase in the existence of Nyasaland" and established a commission to investigate its causes. Smith was granted responsibility for administering the former
755:
257:
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Smith reached the usual civil service retirement age of 55 in 1913 but was offered an opportunity to prolong his career. Smith was appointed governor and
Commander in Chief of the protectorate of
157:
37:
232:
From 1886 to 1891 Smith served as clerk to the protectorates legislative council and was acting chief secretary from May to
October 1888. From 1891 he was district commissioner at
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and had to deal with an influx of white ex-servicemen after the war. His governorship saw advances in the transport infrastructure in
Nyasaland and the cultivation of many crops.
236:. Smith married Lucy McDuff Cargill in 1894, with whom he had three daughters. From 1895 he served as a member of the legislative council and from 1905 to 1909 he was acting
181:
and chief collector of customs from 1905 to 1909. He was colonial secretary of
Mauritius from 1910 to 1913 when he was appointed governor of the protectorate of
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444:
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on the economic development and future of
Nyasaland. He died on 14 June 1938 in Addlestone of a combination of pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and
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unaffordable. The chiefs asked Smith to reduce the tax for the most needy, but he refused. Relations continued to deteriorate during the
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the following year. He was promoted to assistant chief secretary in 1883 and afterwards transferred to the crown colony of
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as a clerk. He was promoted to chief clerk in 1881 and to assistant chief secretary of the protectorate in 1883.
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occupied by
British forces advancing from Nyasaland and sent many of his civil servants into these areas.
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264:. Poor soil condition and overgrazing had led to a time of famine and many of the Ngoni found the
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445:"Sir George Smith, 80, Colonial Governor; War Commander of Nyassaland Is Dead in England"
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161:(8 March 1858 – 14 June 1938) was a British civil servant. He began his career in the
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in 1914. In the early part of his term Smith clashed with the tribal chiefs of the
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which defended the colony from a German invasion and later served elsewhere in the
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One of Smith's first actions during the war was to commandeer all ships on
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and chief collector of customs. Smith transferred to the crown colony of
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as colonial secretary in 1910, holding the position for three years.
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George Smith was born on 8 March 1858, the son of Hugh Smith from
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in 1878. The following year he transferred to the office of the
258:
Knight
Commander of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
605:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 127.
213:, Ayrshire. After receiving a private education he joined the
756:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St
Michael and St George
628:"White Farmers in Malawi: Before and After the Depression"
336:, Surrey. In 1924 Smith wrote an article for the journal
185:. He held this position for ten years which included the
193:. Smith encountered difficulties in relations with the
321:, that would allow rail communications to the port of
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486:University of Central Arkansas – Political Science
399:"Smith, Sir George (1858–1938), colonial governor"
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559:"Some Notes on the Nyasaland Volunteer Reserve"
8:
408:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
279:and launch an attack upon the German vessel
256:on 23 September 1913. He was appointed a
63:23 September 1913 – 12 April 1923
28:
289:. On 20 August 1914 Smith mobilised the
467:. Government Printer. 1971. p. 35.
405:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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644:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097681
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464:A History of the Malawi Police Force
482:"10. British Nyasaland (1907–1964)"
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700:Smith, George (1 October 1924).
515:. 31 August 1917. p. 9024.
303:German East African territories
681:(LXXXVIII): 333. 1 July 1923.
602:A History of Malawi, 1859–1966
1:
563:The Society of Malawi Journal
422:UK public library membership
291:Nyasaland Volunteer Reserve
87:Richard Sims Donkin Rankine
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533:"A Malawian mystery tour"
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557:Charlton, Peter (1993).
18:George Smith (Nyasaland)
761:British civil servants
751:Governors of Nyasaland
626:Palmer, Robin (1985).
414:10.1093/ref:odnb/97364
396:Baker, Colin (2010).
295:East African campaign
51:Governor of Nyasaland
282:Hermann von Wissmann
177:where he was acting
673:"Editorial Notes".
135:Lucy McDuff Cargill
771:People from Darvel
512:The London Gazette
449:The New York Times
299:Chilembwe uprising
297:. After the 1915
191:Chilembwe uprising
612:978-1-84701-050-6
420:(Subscription or
332:Smith retired to
242:British Mauritius
175:British Mauritius
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540:. Retrieved
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195:Ngoni people
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114:14 June 1938
106:8 March 1858
82:Succeeded by
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766:1858 births
746:1938 deaths
702:"Nyasaland"
542:23 December
507:"No. 30261"
491:23 December
143:3 daughters
69:Preceded by
740:Categories
424:required.)
350:References
334:Addlestone
327:rinderpest
319:Mozambique
277:Lake Nyasa
215:War Office
163:War Office
125:Addlestone
118:1938-06-15
726:0001-9909
652:0001-9909
575:0037-993X
569:(2): 29.
254:Nyasaland
248:Nyasaland
197:over the
183:Nyasaland
59:In office
599:(2012).
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189:and the
140:Children
127:, Surrey
266:hut tax
199:hut tax
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234:Paphos
211:Darvel
132:Spouse
656:JSTOR
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323:Beira
225:) of
722:ISSN
710:XXIV
679:XXII
648:ISSN
607:ISBN
571:ISSN
544:2020
493:2020
158:KCMG
111:Died
103:Born
38:KCMG
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