261:(1914–1918) during which Nyasaland was a key route to supply and reinforce British forces in East Africa. Smith implemented unpopular measures such as the centralisation of powers previously held by the chiefs, calling for Africans to enlist in the British forces and requisitioning food from areas already facing shortages.
298:
had been a recommendation of the
Chilembwe commission. Smith attempted to put in place reforms to improve the social development of the protectorate including expanding healthcare provision. He opened 70 rural dispensaries which allowed for a fivefold increase in the number of patients treated by his health service.
301:
Smith retired as governor on 12 April 1923, having served an unusually long term for a colonial governor. The war had adversely affected Smith's plans to improve transport infrastructure in the protectorate and create links to the rest of the world. However, by Smith's retirement the government's
297:
After the war a large number of ex-servicemen migrated to
Nyasaland and Smith took measures in 1918 to limit the leasing of crown land to these men, as he determined that it was needed for the resettlement of Africans evicted from their farms. He also set about reforming the police service, which
314:, were well progressed and a railway laid to Lake Nyasa. In Smith's term the number of acres devoted to tea, cotton and tobacco cultivation increased more than a hundredfold. During the war he greatly expanded Nyasaland's road network and expanded maize production, and also acted to control
290:, which he moved swiftly to quash, Smith noted that it marked "a new phase in the existence of Nyasaland" and established a commission to investigate its causes. Smith was granted responsibility for administering the former
744:
246:
241:
Smith reached the usual civil service retirement age of 55 in 1913 but was offered an opportunity to prolong his career. Smith was appointed governor and
Commander in Chief of the protectorate of
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26:
221:
From 1886 to 1891 Smith served as clerk to the protectorates legislative council and was acting chief secretary from May to
October 1888. From 1891 he was district commissioner at
190:
and had to deal with an influx of white ex-servicemen after the war. His governorship saw advances in the transport infrastructure in
Nyasaland and the cultivation of many crops.
225:. Smith married Lucy McDuff Cargill in 1894, with whom he had three daughters. From 1895 he served as a member of the legislative council and from 1905 to 1909 he was acting
170:
and chief collector of customs from 1905 to 1909. He was colonial secretary of
Mauritius from 1910 to 1913 when he was appointed governor of the protectorate of
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on the economic development and future of
Nyasaland. He died on 14 June 1938 in Addlestone of a combination of pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and
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unaffordable. The chiefs asked Smith to reduce the tax for the most needy, but he refused. Relations continued to deteriorate during the
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the following year. He was promoted to assistant chief secretary in 1883 and afterwards transferred to the crown colony of
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as a clerk. He was promoted to chief clerk in 1881 and to assistant chief secretary of the protectorate in 1883.
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occupied by
British forces advancing from Nyasaland and sent many of his civil servants into these areas.
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253:. Poor soil condition and overgrazing had led to a time of famine and many of the Ngoni found the
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434:"Sir George Smith, 80, Colonial Governor; War Commander of Nyassaland Is Dead in England"
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150:(8 March 1858 – 14 June 1938) was a British civil servant. He began his career in the
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in 1914. In the early part of his term Smith clashed with the tribal chiefs of the
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which defended the colony from a German invasion and later served elsewhere in the
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One of Smith's first actions during the war was to commandeer all ships on
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and chief collector of customs. Smith transferred to the crown colony of
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as colonial secretary in 1910, holding the position for three years.
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George Smith was born on 8 March 1858, the son of Hugh Smith from
206:
in 1878. The following year he transferred to the office of the
247:
Knight
Commander of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George
594:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 127.
202:, Ayrshire. After receiving a private education he joined the
745:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St
Michael and St George
617:"White Farmers in Malawi: Before and After the Depression"
325:, Surrey. In 1924 Smith wrote an article for the journal
174:. He held this position for ten years which included the
182:. Smith encountered difficulties in relations with the
310:, that would allow rail communications to the port of
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475:University of Central Arkansas – Political Science
388:"Smith, Sir George (1858–1938), colonial governor"
386:
548:"Some Notes on the Nyasaland Volunteer Reserve"
8:
397:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
268:and launch an attack upon the German vessel
245:on 23 September 1913. He was appointed a
52:23 September 1913 – 12 April 1923
17:
278:. On 20 August 1914 Smith mobilised the
456:. Government Printer. 1971. p. 35.
394:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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676:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100080
633:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a097681
515:
513:
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453:A History of the Malawi Police Force
471:"10. British Nyasaland (1907–1964)"
14:
689:Smith, George (1 October 1924).
504:. 31 August 1917. p. 9024.
292:German East African territories
670:(LXXXVIII): 333. 1 July 1923.
591:A History of Malawi, 1859–1966
1:
552:The Society of Malawi Journal
411:UK public library membership
280:Nyasaland Volunteer Reserve
76:Richard Sims Donkin Rankine
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522:"A Malawian mystery tour"
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546:Charlton, Peter (1993).
750:British civil servants
740:Governors of Nyasaland
615:Palmer, Robin (1985).
403:10.1093/ref:odnb/97364
385:Baker, Colin (2010).
284:East African campaign
40:Governor of Nyasaland
271:Hermann von Wissmann
166:where he was acting
662:"Editorial Notes".
124:Lucy McDuff Cargill
760:People from Darvel
501:The London Gazette
438:The New York Times
288:Chilembwe uprising
286:. After the 1915
180:Chilembwe uprising
601:978-1-84701-050-6
409:(Subscription or
321:Smith retired to
231:British Mauritius
164:British Mauritius
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184:Ngoni people
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103:14 June 1938
95:8 March 1858
71:Succeeded by
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755:1858 births
735:1938 deaths
691:"Nyasaland"
531:23 December
496:"No. 30261"
480:23 December
132:3 daughters
58:Preceded by
729:Categories
413:required.)
339:References
323:Addlestone
316:rinderpest
308:Mozambique
266:Lake Nyasa
204:War Office
152:War Office
114:Addlestone
107:1938-06-15
715:0001-9909
641:0001-9909
564:0037-993X
558:(2): 29.
243:Nyasaland
237:Nyasaland
186:over the
172:Nyasaland
48:In office
588:(2012).
572:29778688
178:and the
129:Children
116:, Surrey
255:hut tax
188:hut tax
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223:Paphos
200:Darvel
121:Spouse
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568:JSTOR
312:Beira
214:) of
711:ISSN
699:XXIV
668:XXII
637:ISSN
596:ISBN
560:ISSN
533:2020
482:2020
147:KCMG
100:Died
92:Born
27:KCMG
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