147:
54:
33:
400:
which were in the same area researching the ice conditions, became trapped by sea ice as well and drifted helplessly. Owing to persistent bad weather conditions, part of the stranded crew and some of the scientists could only be rescued in April 1938. Only on August 28, 1938, could the
436:
and W. Kh. Buinitzki. The scientists aboard took 415 astronomical measurements, 78 electromagnetic observations, as well as 38 depth measurements by drilling the thick polar ice during their 812-day stay aboard the
3458:
4067:
370:
and carry out scientific research. The purpose of the expedition was to find out if the
Northern Sea Route could be used for regular shipping and to explore the complex
577:
2620:
943:
876:
59:
1581:
4052:
4001:
1216:
1224:
4082:
3576:
2582:
995:
3173:
2771:
2359:
550:
3965:
1911:
2776:
333:
and was engaged as a support vessel in sealing until her sale to the
Imperial Russian Ministry of Commerce and Industry in 1915. Renamed
4077:
3859:
3540:
3362:
3252:
3021:
1610:
1559:
3310:
2891:
2830:
570:
545:
3333:
3411:
615:
3642:
3628:
3602:
3439:
2333:
936:
104:
3465:
3435:
1778:
1768:
1352:
1054:
432:
had done in 1893–96. In doing so they achieved a record northern latitude in 1939. There were 15 crew aboard, led by
Captain
3076:
512:
3238:
2748:
1881:
563:
3147:
3033:
2876:
1922:
1383:
1151:
374:. The Soviet naval authorities changed the plans and the ice-breaker was sent instead to help ships in distress in the
3595:
3217:
3051:
2992:
2946:
1064:
1175:
371:
3955:
2680:
2654:
2647:
2387:
2098:
1999:
1991:
1974:
1592:
1138:
990:
929:
894:
20:
3778:
3388:
3084:
2883:
2668:
2550:
2353:
2235:
2086:
1935:
1873:
1860:
1733:
1459:
1111:
396:
297:
3928:
3519:
3513:
3431:
3305:
3090:
2816:
2692:
2542:
2430:
2214:
868:
402:
1230:
3995:
3658:
2811:
2685:
2605:
2114:
1941:
1143:
523:
451:
356:
3933:
3499:
2766:
1431:
3938:
3907:
3712:
3665:
3564:
3368:
3287:
3230:
2979:
2973:
2823:
2781:
2743:
2723:
2318:
2093:
1929:
1839:
1821:
1738:
1709:
1699:
1587:
1524:
1298:
587:
1979:
3792:
3784:
3727:
3315:
3179:
3160:
3105:
3097:
2897:
2837:
2796:
2409:
2400:
2271:
2266:
2170:
2034:
1791:
1753:
1570:
1565:
1548:
1360:
1130:
1098:
1042:
1022:
852:
387:
315:
4072:
4062:
3913:
3835:
3300:
3223:
3139:
2920:
2912:
2861:
2501:
2459:
1954:
1917:
1806:
1553:
1440:
1243:
1048:
847:
842:
837:
822:
817:
812:
807:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
3071:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
642:
633:
3634:
3526:
3507:
3046:
2588:
2482:
2446:
2422:
2313:
2160:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2027:
2005:
1984:
1865:
1855:
1602:
1490:
1418:
1091:
1082:
1074:
985:
965:
901:
637:
433:
540:
4057:
4006:
3812:
3806:
3762:
3747:
3676:
3648:
3556:
3493:
3403:
3375:
3355:
3293:
3201:
3165:
3039:
3006:
2999:
2952:
2934:
2851:
2600:
2469:
2417:
2323:
2276:
2204:
2193:
1905:
1895:
1887:
1783:
1773:
1684:
1679:
1662:
1628:
1495:
1482:
1303:
1209:
1167:
1162:
952:
729:
650:
646:
338:
4023:
3755:
3447:
3327:
3153:
3126:
3066:
2941:
2871:
2856:
2595:
2524:
2519:
2493:
2488:
2370:
2293:
2246:
2013:
1833:
1798:
1694:
1689:
1623:
1537:
1319:
1311:
1197:
1117:
1069:
1059:
1032:
349:
285:
4013:
3960:
3945:
3851:
3846:
3770:
3735:
3671:
3570:
3485:
3452:
3184:
2967:
2959:
2928:
2844:
2804:
2558:
2514:
2454:
2378:
2348:
2343:
2303:
2281:
2229:
2165:
2155:
2106:
1828:
1813:
1666:
1635:
1597:
1347:
1275:
1269:
1192:
1157:
1017:
423:
412:, had to be left to drift in the ice and was transformed into a scientific polar station.
367:
2536:
3987:
3970:
3923:
3882:
3872:
3841:
3700:
3690:
3582:
3532:
3397:
3347:
3320:
3265:
3061:
3056:
2905:
2758:
2612:
2574:
2531:
2464:
2438:
2392:
2365:
2338:
2308:
2251:
2209:
2199:
2079:
2072:
1969:
1949:
1761:
1721:
1652:
1448:
1423:
1378:
1342:
1336:
1328:
1288:
1283:
1257:
1237:
1005:
905:
611:
480:
4046:
3950:
3892:
3887:
3877:
3827:
3822:
3798:
3742:
3619:
3613:
3608:
3207:
3118:
3111:
2866:
2661:
2640:
2508:
2286:
2256:
2224:
2219:
2056:
1962:
1845:
1640:
1453:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1293:
1202:
1037:
889:
832:
827:
725:
628:
619:
3981:
3975:
3587:
3551:
3417:
3244:
3194:
3133:
2987:
2675:
2626:
2476:
2298:
2261:
2241:
2182:
1716:
1704:
1647:
1575:
1476:
1373:
1367:
1264:
1252:
1125:
1103:
1027:
980:
880:
624:
607:
603:
595:
555:
366:. Her original goal was to sail to Henrietta, Zhokhow and Jeanette Islands, in the
311:
293:
152:
4018:
3918:
3866:
3684:
3471:
3259:
2634:
2566:
2328:
2187:
2150:
2050:
2042:
1850:
1186:
885:
455:, the biggest icebreaker of the Soviet fleet at that time, on January 18, 1940.
428:
3817:
3720:
3704:
3546:
3479:
3380:
2789:
2738:
2698:
2020:
1746:
1674:
1616:
1009:
419:
379:
3339:
2176:
1728:
1511:
442:
32:
3271:
446:
375:
363:
408:
free two of the three ships at 83°4'N and 138°22'E. The third ship, the
386:
became trapped in fast ice at 75°17'N and 132°28'E in the region of the
3898:
3278:
2065:
1543:
1519:
1507:
468:
330:
2144:
1469:
910:
799:
307:
921:
1530:
2721:
963:
925:
559:
337:, she was inherited by the new Soviet government following the
296:
ice-breaker fitted with steam engines. She was originally the
318:, the culmination of a decade of high-latitude exploration.
348:
went on the "High-latitude
Government Expedition" to
3699:
3430:
3017:
2757:
2130:
1661:
1506:
1004:
861:
798:
594:
503:, p. 297. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1949
264:Triple expansion steam engine, 2 boilers, 1-screw
4068:Polar exploration by Russia and the Soviet Union
499:Francis E. McMurtrie and Raymond V.B. Blackman,
937:
571:
8:
19:For other icebreakers of the same name, see
877:Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route
2731:
2718:
973:
960:
944:
930:
922:
578:
564:
556:
519:, Caledonian Maritime Research Trust, 2022
203:Scrapped in Hamburg by Eckhardt & Co.
4002:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
3577:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
492:
390:. Another two Soviet icebreakers, the
27:
546:History of Russian Arctic Exploration
143:
50:
7:
418:kept drifting in the ice toward the
232:78.6 m (257 ft 10 in)
3363:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1560:Norse colonization of North America
2892:United States Exploring Expedition
314:in 1915. She was the first Soviet
240:10.9 m (35 ft 9 in)
14:
3966:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3334:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
88:Job Bros, St John's, Newfoundland
3860:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3253:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
463:Withdrawn from service in 1967,
145:
52:
31:
4053:Icebreakers of the Soviet Union
248:6 m (19 ft 8 in)
4083:Ships built on the River Clyde
1:
3239:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3174:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
501:Jane's Fighting Ships 1949-50
163:Georgiy Sedov (Георгий Седов)
3596:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3412:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
3218:French Antarctic Expeditions
3148:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3034:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1152:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
352:carrying Soviet scientists.
300:seal fishery support vessel
2681:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2360:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1225:Andrée's balloon expedition
310:captain and polar explorer
4099:
4078:Arctic exploration vessels
1882:Franklin's lost expedition
1582:Christian IV's expeditions
535:The Russians in the Arctic
441:. They were freed between
21:Georgiy Sedov (icebreaker)
18:
2734:
2730:
2717:
2236:Great Northern Expedition
1912:Rae–Richardson expedition
1112:British Arctic Expedition
976:
972:
959:
289:
207:
45:
40:on a Soviet postage stamp
30:
3520:British Antarctic Survey
3514:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2759:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
541:Early Soviet Exploration
372:Nordenskiöld Archipelago
329:was built in 1908–09 at
312:Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov
80:Thetis Steam Ship Co Ltd
3996:Pole of inaccessibility
3659:Antarctic Treaty System
2000:2nd Grinnell expedition
524:Albert Hastings Markham
208:General characteristics
171:Soviet Union government
105:D & W Henderson Ltd
96:St John's, Newfoundland
471:by Eckhardt & Co.
355:In the summer of 1937
3666:Transglobe Expedition
3565:Operation Deep Freeze
2974:Challenger expedition
1840:Coppermine expedition
1361:Drifting ice stations
588:drifting ice stations
517:Scottish Built Ships
388:New Siberian Islands
316:drifting ice station
3836:South magnetic pole
2502:Brusilov expedition
1611:Danish colonization
1049:North magnetic pole
344:In 1929 icebreaker
3527:Operation Windmill
3508:Operation Highjump
2483:Rusanov expedition
2388:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2132:North East Passage
1936:McClure expedition
902:Konstantin Badygin
638:Alexey Tryoshnikov
528:Arctic Exploration
449:by the icebreaker
434:Konstantin Badygin
16:Soviet ice-breaker
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4031:
3494:Operation Tabarin
3356:Far Eastern Party
3202:Nimrod Expedition
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2272:M. Pronchishcheva
2194:Siberian Cossacks
1663:Northwest Passage
996:Research stations
953:Polar exploration
919:
918:
730:Artur Chilingarov
651:Aleksandr Dralkin
647:Yevgeny Tolstikov
551:Saga of the Sedov
422:, very much like
339:Russian Civil War
276:
275:
4090:
3541:Ronne Expedition
3026:
3020:
2884:Dumont d'Urville
2732:
2719:
2267:V. Pronchishchev
974:
961:
946:
939:
932:
923:
616:Yevgeny Fyodorov
580:
573:
566:
557:
520:
504:
497:
467:was scrapped at
350:Franz Josef Land
306:, renamed after
291:
176:Port of registry
155:
150:
149:
148:
123:25 December 1908
93:Port of registry
62:
57:
56:
55:
35:
28:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4028:
3703:
3695:
3571:McMurdo Station
3440:Modern research
3438:
3426:
3161:O. Nordenskjöld
3024:
3018:
3013:
2929:Ross expedition
2753:
2726:
2705:
2134:
2126:
1667:Northern Canada
1665:
1657:
1510:
1502:
1008:
1000:
968:
955:
950:
920:
915:
857:
794:
590:
584:
537:, London, 1958.
533:Armstrong, T.,
511:
508:
507:
498:
494:
489:
477:
461:
424:Fridtjof Nansen
324:
253:Installed power
151:
146:
144:
131:28 January 1909
58:
53:
51:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4096:
4094:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4045:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3988:Vostok Station
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3939:Cherry-Garrard
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3779:Southern Cross
3775:
3774:
3773:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3709:
3707:
3701:Farthest South
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3662:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3616:
3611:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3573:
3568:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3516:
3511:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3462:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3398:Ross Sea party
3394:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3359:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3198:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3092:Southern Cross
3085:Southern Cross
3081:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3029:
3027:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2950:
2944:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2831:Bellingshausen
2821:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2690:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2138:
2136:Russian Arctic
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1952:
1947:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1578:
1573:
1571:Snæbjörn galti
1568:
1563:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1473:
1466:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1006:Farthest North
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
977:
970:
969:
964:
957:
956:
951:
949:
948:
941:
934:
926:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
906:Vladimir Wiese
892:
883:
874:
865:
863:
859:
858:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
804:
802:
796:
795:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
640:
631:
622:
612:Pyotr Shirshov
600:
598:
592:
591:
585:
583:
582:
575:
568:
560:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
531:
521:
506:
505:
491:
490:
488:
485:
484:
483:
481:Vladimir Wiese
476:
473:
460:
457:
323:
320:
274:
273:
270:
266:
265:
262:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:Out of service
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:United Kingdom
48:
47:
43:
42:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4095:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3119:Discovery Hut
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3016:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:A. Sibiryakov
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2621:Glavsevmorput
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1923:J. Richardson
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:M. Corte-Real
1683:
1681:
1680:G. Corte-Real
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:C. Richardson
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:Georgiy Sedov
1408:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Riiser-Larsen
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
954:
947:
942:
940:
935:
933:
928:
927:
924:
912:
909:
907:
903:
899:
898:
893:
891:
890:Mark Shevelev
887:
884:
882:
878:
875:
873:
872:
867:
866:
864:
860:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
803:
801:
797:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
648:
644:
641:
639:
635:
632:
630:
629:Mikhail Somov
626:
623:
621:
620:Ernst Krenkel
617:
613:
609:
605:
602:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
561:
558:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
536:
532:
529:
525:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
502:
496:
493:
486:
482:
479:
478:
474:
472:
470:
466:
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335:Georgiy Sedov
332:
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290:Георгий Седов
287:
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281:Georgiy Sedov
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3994:
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3980:
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3785:Borchgrevink
3777:
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3277:
3270:
3258:
3251:
3237:
3225:Pourquoi-Pas
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3195:Orcadas Base
3193:
3185:
3172:
3166:C. A. Larsen
3154:
3146:
3132:
3125:
3112:
3104:
3098:Borchgrevink
3091:
3083:
3040:
3032:
3007:C. A. Larsen
3000:
2981:
2972:
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2936:
2927:
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2899:
2890:
2877:
2838:
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2648:
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2507:
2500:
2481:
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2049:
2036:
2021:
2007:
1998:
1985:
1956:
1944:Investigator
1943:
1934:
1910:
1897:
1889:
1880:
1867:
1838:
1815:
1800:
1785:
1755:
1740:
1710:
1629:
1609:
1580:
1576:Erik the Red
1558:
1536:
1529:
1486:submersibles
1483:
1477:Arktika 2007
1475:
1468:
1461:
1458:
1442:
1433:
1430:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1366:
1359:
1335:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1276:
1274:
1245:
1242:
1231:S. A. Andrée
1223:
1210:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1150:
1132:
1119:
1110:
1092:
1083:
1081:
1047:
896:
881:Otto Schmidt
870:
608:Ivan Papanin
596:Soviet Union
534:
527:
516:
500:
495:
464:
462:
450:
438:
427:
415:
414:
409:
404:
395:
391:
383:
362:sailed from
358:
354:
345:
343:
334:
326:
325:
302:
301:
298:Newfoundland
280:
279:
277:
221:Displacement
153:Soviet Union
70:
37:
25:
3685:Lake Vostok
3635:Tryoshnikov
3557:Schlossbach
3448:Christensen
3390:James Caird
3311:E. R. Evans
3077:Dobrowolski
3047:de Gerlache
2749:Expeditions
2635:Aviaarktika
2589:Samoylovich
2460:Kolomeitsev
2354:Middendorff
2314:Gedenshtrom
1734:I. Fyodorov
1496:Chilingarov
1384:E. Fyodorov
991:Expeditions
895:Icebreaker
886:Aviaarktika
869:Icebreaker
586:North Pole
403:icebreaker
380:Laptev Seas
357:icebreaker
224:3056 tonnes
179:Archangelsk
112:Yard number
4073:1908 ships
4063:Laptev Sea
4047:Categories
3908:Terra Nova
3813:Shackleton
3756:J. C. Ross
3715:Resolution
3705:South Pole
3480:New Swabia
3404:Mackintosh
3376:Shackleton
3295:Terra Nova
3288:Terra Nova
3022:Heroic Age
2982:Challenger
2942:J. C. Ross
2852:Bransfield
2784:Resolution
2699:icebreaker
2663:Chelyuskin
2404:expedition
2382:Expedition
2324:Matyushkin
2282:Kh. Laptev
2277:Chelyuskin
2171:Heemskerck
2161:Chancellor
2156:Willoughby
2151:Koch boats
2094:Stefansson
2028:McClintock
1992:Inglefield
1834:J. C. Ross
1741:Resolution
1593:Cunningham
1491:Sagalevich
1180:expedition
1139:Stephenson
1099:C. F. Hall
1086:expedition
1060:J. C. Ross
1023:Heemskerck
1010:North Pole
487:References
420:North Pole
261:Propulsion
4007:Tolstikov
3793:Discovery
3763:HMS
3748:HMS
3730:Adventure
3728:HMS
3713:HMS
3649:Tolstikov
3370:Endurance
3155:Antarctic
3140:Drygalski
3113:Discovery
3106:Discovery
3067:Arctowski
2980:HMS
2953:HMS
2947:Abernethy
2935:HMS
2913:USS
2900:Vincennes
2898:USS
2878:Astrolabe
2818:San Telmo
2799:Adventure
2797:HMS
2782:HMS
2777:Kerguelen
2739:Continent
2724:Antarctic
2601:Urvantsev
2559:Vilkitsky
2412:Jeannette
2410:USS
2402:Jeannette
2366:Weyprecht
2344:Pakhtusov
2294:Chichagov
2287:D. Laptev
2230:Permyakov
2205:Stadukhin
2200:Perfilyev
2177:Mangazeya
2115:H. Larsen
2080:Rasmussen
2035:HMS
2006:USS
1955:HMS
1942:HMS
1906:Collinson
1896:HMS
1888:HMS
1866:HMS
1814:HMS
1799:HMS
1784:HMS
1769:Mackenzie
1756:Discovery
1754:HMS
1739:HMS
1711:Discovery
1690:Frobisher
1653:Rasmussen
1566:Gunnbjörn
1512:Greenland
1441:USS
1432:USS
1304:Ellsworth
1246:Roosevelt
1176:Nansen's
1133:Discovery
1131:HMS
1118:HMS
1065:Abernethy
1033:Marmaduke
513:"Beothic"
443:Greenland
256:2,360 ihp
139:Sold 1915
107:, Glasgow
4058:Kara Sea
4019:A. Fuchs
3976:V. Fuchs
3956:McKinley
3919:E. Evans
3878:Bjaaland
3873:Amundsen
3823:Marshall
3736:Furneaux
3588:V. Fuchs
3552:E. Ronne
3547:F. Ronne
3486:Ritscher
3340:SY
3328:Filchner
3272:Framheim
3266:Amundsen
3072:Racoviță
3057:Amundsen
3052:Lecointe
2921:Ringgold
2915:Porpoise
2805:Furneaux
2641:Shevelev
2596:Begichev
2575:Amundsen
2537:Nagórski
2515:Brusilov
2509:Sv. Anna
2423:Melville
2393:Palander
2349:Tsivolko
2309:Sannikov
2304:Billings
2247:Chirikov
2166:Barentsz
2108:St. Roch
2099:Bartlett
2073:Amundsen
2057:Sverdrup
1957:Resolute
1846:Franklin
1774:Kotzebue
1641:Sverdrup
1624:Scoresby
1598:Lindenov
1449:Plaisted
1434:Nautilus
1379:Shirshov
1353:Belyakov
1348:Baydukov
1322:Nautilus
1284:Amundsen
1244:SS
1203:Sverdrup
1198:Johansen
1168:Brainard
1163:Lockwood
1018:Barentsz
862:See also
475:See also
447:Svalbard
394:and the
364:Murmansk
292:) was a
272:12 knots
216:1383 grt
184:Acquired
120:Launched
85:Operator
38:G. Sedov
4024:Messner
3971:Hillary
3951:Balchen
3899:Polheim
3893:Wisting
3771:Crozier
3743:Weddell
3721:J. Cook
3691:Kapitsa
3672:Fiennes
3614:Klenova
3583:Hillary
3533:Ketchum
3459:BANZARE
3434:·
3279:Polheim
3245:Shirase
3231:Charcot
3041:Belgica
2960:Crozier
2872:Morrell
2867:Weddell
2845:Lazarev
2790:J. Cook
2744:History
2694:Arktika
2670:Krassin
2655:Voronin
2627:Schmidt
2613:Ushakov
2552:Vaygach
2520:Albanov
2489:Rusanov
2470:Kolchak
2465:Matisen
2439:Makarov
2418:De Long
2319:Wrangel
2299:Lyakhov
2252:Malygin
2210:Dezhnev
2037:Pandora
2008:Advance
1975:Kennedy
1970:Belcher
1963:Kellett
1950:McClure
1874:Beechey
1868:Blossom
1861:Simpson
1829:Crozier
1822:Hoppner
1779:J. Ross
1747:J. Cook
1695:Gilbert
1588:J. Hall
1554:Ingólfr
1544:Naddodd
1538:Vikings
1525:Brendan
1520:Pytheas
1508:Iceland
1462:Arktika
1454:Herbert
1419:Badygin
1389:Krenkel
1374:Papanin
1343:Chkalov
1329:Wilkins
1294:Wisting
1238:F. Cook
1144:Markham
1104:Bessels
1093:Polaris
1084:Polaris
1055:J. Ross
1038:Carolus
986:History
853:NP-2015
469:Hamburg
397:Malygin
331:Glasgow
327:Beothic
322:History
308:Russian
303:Beothic
286:Russian
245:Draught
213:Tonnage
101:Builder
71:Beothic
46:History
3934:Bowers
3929:Wilson
3888:Hassel
3883:Helmer
3852:Mackay
3842:Mawson
3807:Nimrod
3765:Terror
3750:Erebus
3677:Burton
3472:Rymill
3348:Mawson
3342:Aurora
3321:Lashly
3306:Wilson
3209:Nimrod
3186:Scotia
2993:Murray
2968:Cooper
2955:Terror
2937:Erebus
2906:Wilkes
2857:Palmer
2825:Vostok
2772:Bouvet
2696:-class
2676:Gakkel
2544:Taymyr
2525:Konrad
2494:Kuchin
2432:Yermak
2339:Lavrov
2257:Ovtsyn
2242:Bering
2220:Ivanov
2183:Hudson
2145:Pomors
2122:Cowper
2087:Karluk
1986:Isabel
1980:Bellot
1930:Austin
1898:Terror
1890:Erebus
1786:Griper
1762:Clerke
1722:Baffin
1705:Hudson
1636:Nansen
1549:Garðar
1470:Barneo
1337:ANT-25
1313:Italia
1289:Nobile
1258:Henson
1217:Amedeo
1193:Nansen
1158:Greely
1028:Hudson
966:Arctic
911:Barneo
871:Yermak
800:Russia
530:, 1895
405:Yermak
382:. The
294:Soviet
229:Length
4014:Crary
3961:Dufek
3924:Oates
3914:Scott
3847:David
3828:Adams
3799:Barne
3620:Mirny
3609:Somov
3419:Quest
3316:Crean
3301:Scott
3180:Bruce
3134:Gauss
3127:Gauss
3001:Jason
2988:Nares
2862:Davis
2839:Mirny
2812:Smith
2767:Roché
2687:Lenin
2607:Sadko
2532:Wiese
2477:Sedov
2448:Zarya
2371:Payer
2334:Litke
2329:Anjou
2262:Minin
2225:Vagin
2215:Popov
2188:Poole
2043:Young
1856:Dease
1801:Hecla
1792:Parry
1717:Bylot
1700:Davis
1675:Cabot
1648:Peary
1630:Jason
1617:Egede
1531:Papar
1443:Skate
1424:Wiese
1404:NP-37
1397:NP-36
1277:Norge
1265:Sedov
1253:Peary
1211:Jason
1126:Nares
1120:Alert
1075:Hayes
1043:Parry
981:Ocean
897:Sedov
848:NP-40
843:NP-39
838:NP-38
833:NP-37
828:NP-36
823:NP-35
818:NP-34
813:NP-33
808:NP-32
790:NP-31
785:NP-30
780:NP-29
775:NP-28
770:NP-27
765:NP-26
760:NP-25
755:NP-24
750:NP-23
745:NP-22
740:NP-21
735:NP-20
726:NP-19
721:NP-18
716:NP-17
711:NP-16
706:NP-15
701:NP-14
696:NP-13
691:NP-12
686:NP-11
681:NP-10
465:Sedov
439:Sedov
416:Sedov
410:Sedov
392:Sedov
384:Sadko
359:Sadko
346:Sedov
269:Speed
168:Owner
77:Owner
3946:Byrd
3867:Fram
3818:Wild
3500:Marr
3466:BGLE
3453:Byrd
3381:Wild
3260:Fram
3062:Cook
2583:AARI
2568:Maud
2455:Toll
2380:Vega
2066:Gjøa
2051:Fram
2014:Kane
1851:Back
1816:Fury
1807:Lyon
1729:Munk
1368:NP-1
1270:Byrd
1187:Fram
1178:Fram
1070:Kane
676:NP-9
671:NP-8
666:NP-7
661:NP-6
656:NP-5
643:NP-4
634:NP-3
625:NP-2
604:NP-1
459:Fate
445:and
429:Fram
378:and
376:Kara
278:The
237:Beam
200:Fate
195:1967
187:1915
160:Name
136:Fate
67:Name
3643:3rd
3629:2nd
3603:1st
3436:IGY
3432:IPY
2022:Fox
1918:Rae
1484:Mir
1460:NS
426:'s
115:464
4049::
2548:/
904:,
900::
888::
879::
728::
649:,
645::
636::
627::
618:,
614:,
610:,
606::
526:,
515:,
341:.
288::
3025:"
3019:"
2962:)
2958:(
2949:)
2940:(
945:e
938:t
931:v
579:e
572:t
565:v
284:(
23:.
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