Knowledge (XXG)

Geomatics

Source đź“ť

2158: 151: 2881: 2170: 552: 2893: 43: 620:) in April 1982. He claimed that at the end of the 20th century the needs for geographical information would reach a scope without precedent in history and that, in order to address these needs, it was necessary to integrate in a new discipline both the traditional disciplines of land surveying and the new tools and techniques of data capture, manipulation, storage and diffusion. 2917: 792: 2905: 2182: 809:(i.e. information that has a location). The location is the primary factor used to integrate a very wide range of data for spatial analysis and visualization. Geomatics engineers design, develop, and operate systems for collecting and analyzing spatial information about the land, the oceans, natural resources, and manmade features. 812:
Geomatics engineers apply engineering principles to spatial information and implement relational data structures involving measurement sciences, thus using geomatics and acting as spatial information engineers. Geomatics engineers manage local, regional, national and global spatial data
749:
was considered too specific to the preparation of marine charts, and failed to include the broader concept of positioning or measurements in all marine environments. The use of different data processing technologies in hydrography does not change the purpose of its research.
1506: 756:
can improve our understanding of the important relationship between location and health, and thus assist us in Public Health tasks like disease prevention, and also in better healthcare service planning.
764:
science" have re-titled themselves using the terms "geomatics" or "geomatics engineering", while others have switched to program titles such as "spatial information technology", and similar names.
1904: 2958: 2808: 1401: 510: 676: 574:". Under another definition, it consists of products, services and tools involved in the collection, integration and management of geographic (geospatial) data. 1582:
Lam, Steve Yau-Wah; Yip, Tsz Leung (February 2008). "The role of geomatics engineering in establishing the marine information system for maritime management".
597:
The term was proposed in French ("géomatique") at the end of the 1960s by scientist Bernard Dubuisson to reflect at the time recent changes in the jobs of
332: 2220: 500: 468: 2859: 688: 571: 1946: 680: 478: 1828: 745:
covers the area associated with surveying work carried out on, above or below the surface of the sea or other areas of water. The older term of
1801: 1765: 1730: 1707: 1644: 1330: 1204: 458: 1196: 582: 1840: 955: 239: 2921: 606: 538: 126: 1244: 813:
infrastructures. Geomatics engineering also involves aspects of Computer Engineering, Software Engineering and Civil Engineering.
2943: 2854: 2818: 683:, and many other international authorities, although some (especially in the United States) have shown a preference for the term 737:
has been proposed as alternative comprehensive term; however, their popularity is, like geomatics, largely dependent on country.
2953: 617: 616:
article, in 1981 and in a keynote address at the centennial congress of the Canadian Institute of Surveying (now known as the
2813: 2567: 2213: 1097: 734: 652: 324: 64: 1781:"Geomatics", sec. 1.3 in Mathias Lemmens (2011), Geo-information: Technologies, Applications and the Environment, Springer. 1660: 1531:
Hazelton, N W J (September 2005). "Surveying, Geomatics, and Engineering: A 'Structure' for a Rapidly Evolving Profession".
1480: 1749: 2673: 991: 703: 636: 340: 2839: 2600: 1939: 107: 1870: 1860: 2258: 2243: 1016: 900: 846: 79: 1221:"ACSG - Association canadienne des sciences géomatiques (Section Champlain) /// Des références utiles en géomatique" 60: 53: 2715: 2206: 1085: 951: 868: 644: 303: 86: 1691: 1007: 842: 767:
The rapid progress and increased visibility of geomatics since the 1990s has been made possible by advances in
270: 2080: 2075: 1354:"Proposal of Redefinition of the Terms Geomatics and Geoinformatics on the Basis of Terminological Postulates" 698:, such as the above, appear to encompass the entire discipline relating to geographic information – including 217: 2823: 2788: 2730: 2253: 1932: 1284:
Boehm, Richard G.; Mohan, Audrey (2010). "Geospatial Technology: Curricular Keystone of Applied Geography".
1051: 977: 368: 93: 2643: 2610: 2358: 2288: 388: 150: 2765: 2605: 2577: 2458: 2308: 1540: 1003: 760:
A growing number of university departments which were once titled "surveying", "survey engineering" or "
575: 531: 448: 198: 2909: 1825: 1121:
ISO/TR 19122:2004(en) Geographic information/Geomatics — Qualification and certification of personnel
75: 2783: 2755: 2656: 2634: 2592: 2492: 2363: 2353: 2323: 2293: 2263: 2248: 2232: 1995: 1739:
Yvan BĂ©dard, "Geomatics" in Karen Kemp (2008), Encyclopedia of Geographic Information Science, Sage.
1365: 862: 776: 711: 640: 438: 408: 348: 298: 224: 2864: 2849: 2544: 2449: 2390: 2373: 2348: 2298: 2186: 920: 825: 806: 586: 567: 260: 208: 2892: 2948: 2885: 2745: 2695: 2534: 2405: 2368: 2343: 2333: 2328: 2313: 2303: 2012: 1974: 1969: 1609: 1070: 894: 180: 609:
memorandum dated 1 June 1971 instituting a "standing committee of geomatics" in the government.
2615: 2435: 2395: 1797: 1761: 1740: 1726: 1703: 1640: 1462: 1454: 1413: 1383: 1326: 1301: 1200: 1122: 578:
was the widely used name for geomatic(s) engineering in the past. Geomatics was placed by the
280: 265: 1782: 2963: 2897: 2710: 2582: 2467: 2385: 2318: 2174: 2100: 2090: 2022: 2007: 1775: 1632: 1599: 1591: 1444: 1373: 1320: 1293: 1171: 1036: 1012: 997: 885: 772: 570:
concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of
524: 275: 2678: 2471: 2378: 2280: 2095: 2065: 1899: 1864: 1844: 1837: 1832: 1057: 1046: 986: 879: 1507:"White Mountains Community College- Spatial Information Technology Transcript Checklist" 1369: 2740: 2735: 2700: 2620: 2562: 2423: 2162: 2070: 2042: 2037: 2032: 1102: 1075: 1041: 1026: 1020: 937:
Geomatics integrates science and technology from both new and traditional disciplines:
925: 873: 836: 780: 728: 707: 660: 628: 624: 602: 488: 255: 229: 100: 31: 1909: 612:
The term was popularised in English by French-Canadian surveyor Michel Paradis in his
17: 2937: 2705: 2668: 2497: 2444: 2085: 2047: 1894: 1787: 1722: 1613: 1246:
Arrêté du 27 décembre 1994 relatif à la terminologie de la télédétection aérospatiale
1220: 1031: 796: 551: 2844: 2683: 2520: 2439: 2428: 2413: 2338: 1880:
Lemmer, the Netherlands: Geodetical Information & Trading Centre ISSN 1566-9076
905: 213: 1791: 1755: 2773: 2725: 2720: 2661: 2651: 2463: 2453: 2136: 2000: 1990: 1774:"Geomatics", Chap. 1 in Mario A. Gomarasca (2009) Basics of Geomatics, Springer. 1544: 1133: 994:(GIS), spatial database management and geographic information technology (GeoIT) 982: 967: 946: 910: 761: 746: 723: 715: 632: 170: 42: 2778: 2528: 2506: 2481: 2476: 2131: 2027: 1636: 1595: 1433:"Health Geomatics: An Enabling Suite of Technologies in Health and Healthcare" 972: 831: 664: 563: 1458: 1417: 1387: 1305: 2750: 2552: 2515: 2511: 2229: 2121: 1857: 1297: 1176: 1159: 961: 719: 668: 598: 249: 1886: 1466: 1449: 1432: 791: 675:. The term was originally used in Canada but has since been adopted by the 2524: 1818: 1378: 1353: 1061: 768: 428: 245: 234: 2688: 2557: 2501: 2485: 2418: 2141: 2126: 1955: 1604: 941: 699: 648: 308: 165: 142: 1913: 1000:, spatial data mining and knowledge discovery, and spatial statistics 964:(including land, cadastral, aerial, mining and engineering surveying) 656: 579: 418: 378: 316: 1875: 1265:
Paradis, Michel (September 1981). "De l'arpentage à la géomatique".
2198: 718:–, the term is almost exclusively restricted to the perspective of 1481:"Geomatics engineering & geographic information systems (GIS)" 1080: 915: 856: 790: 550: 203: 1850: 2105: 1918: 805:
is a rapidly developing engineering discipline which focuses on
505: 398: 2202: 1928: 1744:
Yvan BĂ©dard (2007), "Geomatics": 26 years of history already!,
1700:
Geomatic Methods for the Analysis of Data in the Earth Sciences
1431:
Kamel Boulos, M. N; Roudsari, A. V; Carson, E. R (2001-06-01).
850: 672: 36: 1889: : Association de gĂ©ometres pour aide au dĂ©veloppement. 1559:"Department of Geomatics Engineering | Kathmandu University" 1698:
Dermanis, Athanasios; Grün, Armin; Sansò, Fernando (2000).
1924: 1793:
Geomatics Engineering: A Practical Guide to Project Design
1558: 1322:
Geospatial Technology and the Role of Location in Science
1160:"What is Technical Geography – a letter from the editor" 1325:. GeoJournal Library. Springer Netherlands. p. 1. 555:
A surveyor's shed showing equipment used for geomatics
1627:
Ghosh, Jayanta Kumar; da Silva, Irineu, eds. (2020).
1485:
University of Colorado Denver- College of Engineering
1631:. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Vol. 33. 1286:
International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research
623:
Geomatics includes the tools and techniques used in
2832: 2801: 2764: 2642: 2633: 2591: 2543: 2404: 2279: 2272: 2114: 2056: 1983: 1962: 67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1921:at National Technical University of Athens (MEng) 1319:Scholten, H.J.; Velde, R.; van Manen, N. (2009). 687:, which may be defined as synonym of "geospatial 2959:Geographic data and information fields of study 1402:"Invited reply: Hydrography or hydrogeomatics?" 779:, as well as by airborne and space observation 1629:Applications of Geomatics in Civil Engineering 1358:ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 677:International Organization for Standardization 2809:Geographic data and information organizations 2214: 1940: 532: 8: 1821:at Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences 2639: 2276: 2221: 2207: 2199: 1947: 1933: 1925: 1858:Northwest Territories Centre for Geomatics 539: 525: 506:Spatial Reference System Identifier (SRID) 501:International Terrestrial Reference System 138: 2860:National Council for Geographic Education 1919:School of Rural and Surveying Engineering 1603: 1448: 1377: 1175: 689:information and communications technology 572:geographic data or geographic information 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 1903:) is being considered for deletion. See 865:for disaster risk reduction and response 681:Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors 1114: 141: 1533:Surveying and Land Information Science 1195:(1 ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: 1138:Applied Geomatics Research Laboratory 7: 2904: 2181: 583:Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems 364: 65:adding citations to reliable sources 2916: 1563:Department of Geomatics Engineering 641:global navigation satellite systems 605:. The term was first employed in a 511:Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 473:European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989 1871:Environment Agency Geomatics Group 956:global navigation satellite system 383:Ordnance Survey Great Britain 1936 349:Discrete Global Grid and Geocoding 240:Horizontal position representation 25: 1907:to help reach a consensus. â€ş 1437:Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2915: 2903: 2891: 2880: 2879: 2855:International Geography Olympiad 2180: 2169: 2168: 2156: 1838:Bachelor of Science in Geomatics 1584:Maritime Policy & Management 299:Global Nav. Sat. Systems (GNSSs) 149: 41: 1817:International Master's Program 1487:. University of Colorado Denver 726:toward geographic information. 618:Canadian Institute of Geomatics 614:The little Geodesist that could 607:French Ministry of Public Works 463:N. American Vertical Datum 1988 52:needs additional citations for 2568:Geographic information science 1352:Krawczyk, Artur (2022-11-09). 1098:Geographic Information Science 992:Geographic information systems 735:Geographic information science 704:geographic information systems 637:geographic information systems 493:Internet link to a point 2010 423:Geodetic Reference System 1980 341:Quasi-Zenith Sat. Sys. (QZSS) 1: 2674:Geographic information system 694:Although many definitions of 671:, and related forms of earth 483:Chinese obfuscated datum 2002 2601:Environmental social science 1853:at the University of Florida 1847:at Nicholls State University 1754:Gomarasca, Mario A. (2009). 1225:acsg-champlain.scg.ulaval.ca 821:Application areas include: 566:series of standards as the " 433:Geographic point coord. 1983 2101:Precession of the equinoxes 1717:Kavanagh, Barry F. (2003). 1017:Visual communication design 901:Urban and regional planning 859:zone management and mapping 393:Systema Koordinat 1942 goda 2980: 1412:: 34–37. 1 December 2003. 888:monitoring and development 453:World Geodetic System 1984 29: 27:Geographic data discipline 2875: 2716:Global Positioning System 2239: 2150: 1887:GĂ©omètres sans Frontières 1637:10.1007/978-981-13-7067-0 1596:10.1080/03088830701848896 1086:Digital terrain modelling 1023:and multimedia technology 952:Global positioning system 928:/Environmental Monitoring 843:Archaeological excavation 443:North American Datum 1983 413:South American Datum 1969 1905:templates for discussion 1692:Natural Resources Canada 1665:engineering.ucdenver.edu 1067:Applications programming 1052:Land information systems 1008:scientific visualization 304:Global Pos. System (GPS) 271:Spatial reference system 30:Not to be confused with 2944:Geographical technology 2824:National mapping agency 2789:Survey (human research) 2731:Participant observation 1298:10.4018/jagr.2010071602 1177:10.21163/GT_2016.111.01 1015:, Geovisual Analytics, 978:Location-based services 2954:Science and technology 2814:Geographical societies 2611:Landscape architecture 1702:. New York: Springer. 1450:10.1006/jbin.2001.1015 891:Seismic Interpretation 799: 556: 18:Geospatial engineering 2606:Environmental studies 2578:Statistical geography 2459:Environmental science 2081:Earth's gravity field 2076:Earth's energy budget 1158:Haidu, Ionel (2016). 1004:Computer-aided design 803:Geomatics engineering 794: 787:Geomatics engineering 741:The related field of 685:geospatial technology 593:History and etymology 576:Surveying engineering 554: 199:Geographical distance 2819:Geoscience societies 2784:Interview (research) 2756:Land change modeling 2657:Computer cartography 2635:Techniques and tools 2493:Earth system science 1996:Computer cartography 1420:– via GITC BV. 1379:10.3390/ijgi11110557 1267:Le GĂ©omètre Canadien 1191:Sala, Maria (2009). 863:Disaster informatics 826:Aeromagnetic surveys 777:software engineering 712:satellite navigation 585:under the branch of 373:Sea Level Datum 1929 225:Geodetic coordinates 61:improve this article 2865:Spatial citizenship 2850:Geographers on Film 2840:Geography education 2450:Atmospheric science 2115:Related disciplines 1757:Basics of Geomatics 1406:Hydro International 1370:2022IJGI...11..557K 1164:Geographia Technica 1064:, real property law 921:Resource Management 807:spatial information 587:technical geography 403:European Datum 1950 361:Standards (history) 261:Reference ellipsoid 209:Figure of the Earth 2746:Statistical survey 2696:Geologic modelling 2535:Quaternary science 2163:Geodesy portal 2013:Geodetic astronomy 1863:2020-01-28 at the 1843:2016-07-28 at the 1831:2021-11-23 at the 1661:"Marshall, Wesley" 1193:Geography Volume I 1071:Project management 933:Areas of knowledge 800: 562:is defined in the 557: 281:Vertical positions 2931: 2930: 2797: 2796: 2629: 2628: 2616:Landscape ecology 2436:Coastal geography 2196: 2195: 1877:GIM International 1851:Geomatics program 1826:Geomatics Program 1803:978-1-439-89511-5 1767:978-1-402-09014-1 1748:, 61(3):269–272. 1732:978-0-130-32289-0 1709:978-3-540-67476-4 1646:978-981-13-7066-3 1332:978-90-481-2620-0 1206:978-1-84826-960-6 795:Surveyor using a 549: 548: 497: 496: 276:Spatial relations 266:Satellite geodesy 221: 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 2971: 2919: 2918: 2907: 2906: 2895: 2883: 2882: 2711:Geovisualization 2640: 2583:Spatial analysis 2468:Paleoclimatology 2277: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2200: 2184: 2183: 2172: 2171: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2091:Gravity of Earth 2023:Gravity of Earth 1949: 1942: 1935: 1926: 1885: 1807: 1771: 1736: 1713: 1688:Geomatics Canada 1675: 1674: 1672: 1671: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1607: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1569: 1555: 1549: 1548: 1528: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1452: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1381: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1340: 1339: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1232: 1231: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1179: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1130: 1124: 1119: 1037:Image processing 1013:Geovisualization 998:Spatial analysis 886:Natural resource 773:computer science 754:Health geomatics 603:photogrammetrist 541: 534: 527: 365: 344: 336: 328: 320: 312: 252: 211: 153: 139: 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2871: 2828: 2793: 2760: 2679:Distributed GIS 2625: 2587: 2539: 2472:Palaeogeography 2400: 2268: 2235: 2227: 2197: 2192: 2157: 2155: 2146: 2110: 2096:Plate tectonics 2071:Coriolis effect 2066:Chandler wobble 2058: 2052: 1979: 1958: 1953: 1908: 1883: 1865:Wayback Machine 1845:Wayback Machine 1833:Wayback Machine 1814: 1804: 1786: 1768: 1753: 1733: 1716: 1710: 1697: 1684: 1682:Further reading 1679: 1678: 1669: 1667: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1647: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1567: 1565: 1557: 1556: 1552: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1515: 1513: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1351: 1350: 1346: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1251: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1229: 1227: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1207: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1142: 1140: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1094: 1058:Land management 1047:Computer vision 987:digital mapping 935: 880:Land management 869:The environment 819: 789: 595: 545: 516: 515: 362: 354: 353: 342: 334: 326: 318: 310: 294: 286: 285: 244: 194: 186: 185: 161: 133: 122: 116: 113: 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2977: 2975: 2967: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2936: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2913: 2901: 2889: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2770: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2741:Remote sensing 2738: 2736:Photogrammetry 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2701:Geomathematics 2698: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2671: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2648: 2646: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2621:Time geography 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2563:Geoinformatics 2560: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2537: 2532: 2518: 2509: 2504: 2495: 2490: 2489: 2488: 2479: 2474: 2461: 2456: 2442: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2424:Phytogeography 2421: 2410: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2285: 2283: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2218: 2211: 2203: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2178: 2166: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2062: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2050: 2045: 2043:Geopositioning 2040: 2038:Remote Sensing 2035: 2033:Photogrammetry 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1977: 1972: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1951: 1944: 1937: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1916: 1892: 1890: 1881: 1873: 1867: 1854: 1848: 1835: 1822: 1813: 1812:External links 1810: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1788:Ogaja, Clement 1784: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1766: 1751: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1714: 1708: 1695: 1694:ISSN 1491-5480 1683: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1652: 1645: 1619: 1574: 1550: 1539:(3): 211–222. 1523: 1498: 1472: 1443:(3): 195–219. 1423: 1393: 1344: 1331: 1311: 1276: 1257: 1236: 1212: 1205: 1183: 1150: 1125: 1113: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1103:Geoinformatics 1100: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1076:Land Surveying 1073: 1068: 1065: 1055: 1049: 1044: 1042:Photogrammetry 1039: 1034: 1029: 1027:Remote sensing 1024: 1021:graphic design 1010: 1001: 995: 989: 980: 975: 970: 965: 959: 949: 944: 934: 931: 930: 929: 926:Climate Change 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 892: 889: 883: 877: 874:Infrastructure 871: 866: 860: 854: 840: 837:Air navigation 834: 828: 818: 815: 788: 785: 783:technologies. 781:remote-sensing 743:hydrogeomatics 729:Geoinformatics 708:remote sensing 661:photogrammetry 629:remote sensing 625:land surveying 594: 591: 547: 546: 544: 543: 536: 529: 521: 518: 517: 514: 513: 508: 503: 495: 494: 491: 485: 484: 481: 475: 474: 471: 465: 464: 461: 455: 454: 451: 445: 444: 441: 435: 434: 431: 425: 424: 421: 415: 414: 411: 405: 404: 401: 395: 394: 391: 385: 384: 381: 375: 374: 371: 363: 360: 359: 356: 355: 352: 351: 346: 338: 330: 322: 314: 306: 301: 295: 292: 291: 288: 287: 284: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 256:Map projection 253: 242: 237: 232: 230:Geodetic datum 227: 222: 206: 201: 195: 192: 191: 188: 187: 184: 183: 178: 173: 168: 162: 159: 158: 155: 154: 146: 145: 135: 134: 49: 47: 40: 32:Geoinformatics 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2976: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2924: 2923: 2914: 2912: 2911: 2902: 2900: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2878: 2877: 2874: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2841: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2706:Geostatistics 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2669:Geochronology 2667: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2498:Geomorphology 2496: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2445:Earth science 2443: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2231: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2212: 2210: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2189: 2188: 2179: 2177: 2176: 2167: 2165: 2164: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2048:Virtual globe 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2008:Earth's orbit 2006: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1986: 1982: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1950: 1945: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1888: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1796:. CRC Press. 1795: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1724: 1723:Prentice Hall 1720: 1715: 1711: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1648: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1623: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1575: 1564: 1560: 1554: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1527: 1524: 1512: 1508: 1502: 1499: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1397: 1394: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1348: 1345: 1334: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1315: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1280: 1277: 1272: 1269:(in French). 1268: 1261: 1258: 1248: 1247: 1240: 1237: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1213: 1208: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1187: 1184: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1154: 1151: 1139: 1135: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1032:Digital Earth 1030: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 988: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 939: 938: 932: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 848: 844: 841: 838: 835: 833: 829: 827: 824: 823: 822: 816: 814: 810: 808: 804: 798: 797:total station 793: 786: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 765: 763: 758: 755: 751: 748: 747:hydrographics 744: 739: 738: 736: 731: 730: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 692: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 621: 619: 615: 610: 608: 604: 600: 592: 590: 588: 584: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 553: 542: 537: 535: 530: 528: 523: 522: 520: 519: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 492: 490: 487: 486: 482: 480: 477: 476: 472: 470: 467: 466: 462: 460: 457: 456: 452: 450: 447: 446: 442: 440: 437: 436: 432: 430: 427: 426: 422: 420: 417: 416: 412: 410: 407: 406: 402: 400: 397: 396: 392: 390: 387: 386: 382: 380: 377: 376: 372: 370: 367: 366: 358: 357: 350: 347: 345: 339: 337: 331: 329: 323: 321: 317:BeiDou (BDS) 315: 313: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 296: 290: 289: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 251: 247: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 219: 218:circumference 215: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 196: 190: 189: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 163: 157: 156: 152: 148: 147: 144: 140: 131: 128: 120: 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: â€“  77: 73: 72:Find sources: 66: 62: 56: 55: 50:This article 48: 44: 39: 38: 33: 19: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2884: 2845:Geo-literacy 2802:Institutions 2684:Internet GIS 2644:Quantitative 2572: 2521:Soil science 2440:Oceanography 2429:Zoogeography 2414:Biogeography 2289:Agricultural 2185: 2173: 2154: 2017: 1898: 1876: 1792: 1760:. Springer. 1756: 1745: 1718: 1699: 1687: 1668:. Retrieved 1664: 1655: 1628: 1622: 1590:(1): 53–60. 1587: 1583: 1577: 1566:. Retrieved 1562: 1553: 1536: 1532: 1526: 1514:. Retrieved 1510: 1501: 1489:. Retrieved 1484: 1475: 1440: 1436: 1426: 1409: 1405: 1396: 1361: 1357: 1347: 1336:. Retrieved 1321: 1314: 1292:(1): 26–39. 1289: 1285: 1279: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1250:, retrieved 1245: 1239: 1228:. Retrieved 1224: 1215: 1192: 1186: 1167: 1163: 1153: 1141:. Retrieved 1137: 1128: 1117: 936: 906:Oceanography 853:applications 820: 817:Applications 811: 802: 801: 766: 759: 753: 752: 742: 740: 733: 727: 695: 693: 684: 622: 613: 611: 596: 559: 558: 293:Technologies 248: / 175: 160:Fundamentals 123: 117:October 2021 114: 104: 97: 90: 83: 71: 59:Please help 54:verification 51: 2922:WikiProject 2774:Ethnography 2766:Qualitative 2726:Map algebra 2721:Hydrography 2662:Web mapping 2652:Cartography 2464:Climatology 2454:Meteorology 2309:Development 2137:Mathematics 2001:Web mapping 1991:Cartography 1893:‹ The 1884:(in French) 1605:10397/27671 1364:(11): 557. 983:Cartography 968:Hydrography 947:Geodynamics 911:Meteorology 895:Subdivision 762:topographic 724:engineering 716:cartography 633:cartography 171:Geodynamics 76:"Geomatics" 2938:Categories 2779:Geopoetics 2593:Integrated 2529:Edaphology 2507:Glaciology 2482:Geophysics 2477:Geobiology 2364:Settlement 2354:Population 2324:Historical 2294:Behavioral 2254:Philosophy 2132:Geophysics 2028:Navigation 1975:Geodesists 1824:Namibia's 1670:2023-11-16 1568:2023-11-16 1516:October 3, 1491:October 3, 1338:2022-01-28 1252:2019-11-04 1230:2019-11-04 1134:"About Us" 1109:References 1006:(CAD) and 973:Navigation 882:and reform 876:management 832:geophysics 771:hardware, 665:geophysics 568:discipline 564:ISO/TC 211 87:newspapers 2949:Geomatics 2833:Education 2751:Surveying 2573:Geomatics 2553:Geodesign 2545:Technical 2516:Limnology 2512:Hydrology 2391:Strategic 2374:Transport 2349:Political 2339:Marketing 2299:Cognitive 2230:Geography 2122:Astronomy 2086:Geodynamo 2059:phenomena 2057:Physical 2018:Geomatics 1984:Subfields 1910:Geomatics 1856:Canada's 1819:Geomatics 1746:Geomatica 1719:Geomatics 1614:154941027 1545:202972772 1511:PDFFiller 1459:1532-0464 1418:1385-4569 1388:2220-9964 1306:1947-9654 1273:(3): 262. 962:Surveying 954:(GPS) or 830:Airborne 720:surveying 696:geomatics 669:geography 560:Geomatics 250:Longitude 176:Geomatics 2886:Category 2525:Pedology 2406:Physical 2369:Regional 2359:Religion 2344:Military 2334:Language 2329:Internet 2314:Economic 2304:Cultural 2273:Branches 2244:Glossary 2175:Category 1963:Overview 1895:template 1861:Archived 1841:Archived 1829:Archived 1790:(2016). 1690:Ottawa: 1541:ProQuest 1467:11723701 1199:UNESCO. 1092:See also 1062:cadastre 897:planning 839:services 769:computer 599:surveyor 429:ISO 6709 327:(Europe) 325:Galileo 311:(Russia) 309:GLONASS 246:Latitude 235:Geodesic 193:Concepts 2964:Geodesy 2910:Commons 2689:Web GIS 2558:Geodesy 2502:Geology 2486:Geodesy 2419:Ecology 2396:Tourism 2264:Outline 2249:History 2187:Commons 2142:Physics 2127:Geology 1970:History 1956:Geodesy 1897:below ( 1366:Bibcode 1170:: 1–5. 1143:2 April 942:Geodesy 857:Coastal 700:geodesy 673:mapping 653:Galileo 649:GLONASS 639:(GIS), 489:Geo URI 459:NAVD 88 369:NGVD 29 343:(Japan) 335:(India) 319:(China) 181:History 166:Geodesy 143:Geodesy 101:scholar 2898:Portal 2386:Social 2319:Health 2233:topics 1914:Curlie 1900:Curlie 1800:  1764:  1729:  1706:  1643:  1612:  1543:  1465:  1457:  1416:  1386:  1329:  1304:  1203:  958:(GNSS) 847:survey 775:, and 714:, and 679:, the 657:BeiDou 580:UNESCO 479:GCJ-02 469:ETRS89 449:WGS 84 439:NAD 83 419:GRS 80 379:OSGB36 333:NAVIC 214:radius 103:  96:  89:  82:  74:  2379:Urban 2281:Human 2259:Index 1869:UK's 1610:S2CID 1197:EOLSS 1081:LIDAR 1054:(LIS) 916:Parks 409:SAD69 389:SK-42 204:Geoid 108:JSTOR 94:books 2106:Tide 1798:ISBN 1762:ISBN 1727:ISBN 1704:ISBN 1641:ISBN 1518:2021 1493:2021 1463:PMID 1455:ISSN 1414:ISSN 1384:ISSN 1327:ISBN 1302:ISSN 1201:ISBN 1145:2018 985:and 849:for 845:and 732:and 722:and 601:and 399:ED50 216:and 80:news 1912:at 1633:doi 1600:hdl 1592:doi 1445:doi 1374:doi 1294:doi 1172:doi 851:GIS 691:". 659:), 645:GPS 63:by 2940:: 2514:/ 2500:/ 2484:/ 2470:/ 2466:/ 2452:/ 2438:/ 1725:. 1721:. 1663:. 1639:. 1608:. 1598:. 1588:35 1586:. 1561:. 1537:65 1535:. 1509:. 1483:. 1461:. 1453:. 1441:34 1439:. 1435:. 1408:. 1404:. 1382:. 1372:. 1362:11 1360:. 1356:. 1300:. 1288:. 1271:35 1223:. 1168:11 1166:. 1162:. 1136:. 1060:, 1019:, 710:, 706:, 702:, 667:, 663:, 655:, 651:, 647:, 635:, 631:, 627:, 589:. 2531:) 2527:/ 2523:( 2222:e 2215:t 2208:v 1948:e 1941:t 1934:v 1806:. 1770:. 1735:. 1712:. 1673:. 1649:. 1635:: 1616:. 1602:: 1594:: 1571:. 1547:. 1520:. 1495:. 1469:. 1447:: 1410:7 1390:. 1376:: 1368:: 1341:. 1308:. 1296:: 1290:1 1233:. 1209:. 1180:. 1174:: 1147:. 643:( 540:e 533:t 526:v 220:) 212:( 130:) 124:( 119:) 115:( 105:· 98:· 91:· 84:· 57:. 34:. 20:)

Index

Geospatial engineering
Geoinformatics

verification
improve this article
adding citations to reliable sources
"Geomatics"
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
Learn how and when to remove this message
Geodesy

Geodesy
Geodynamics
Geomatics
History
Geographical distance
Geoid
Figure of the Earth
radius
circumference
Geodetic coordinates
Geodetic datum
Geodesic
Horizontal position representation
Latitude
Longitude

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

↑