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454:
The suit family system included both parachute and flotation systems. For EVAs Gemini 4 used the
Ventilation Control Module (VCM), for Gemini 8-12 the Extravehicular Life Support System (ELSS) was used. The ELSS was also designed to optionally supply autonomous life support though they never made it
192:
insulation for temperature control (250 °F (121 °C) in direct sunlight and −250 °F (−157 °C) in shadow), but the commander's suit retained the removable boots, while the pilot's version had integrated boots and a detachable sun visor which clipped onto the helmet. The G4C suit
281:
This configuration was designated the G5C suit. During the mission, Lovell was the first person to take his pressure suit off, which was achieved with great difficulty due to his size. Borman later was able to get his suit off, and biomedical data collected during the flight confirmed that
375:
launch, when they were killed in a cabin fire, leading to NASA cancelling manned Block I flights and use of the A1C suit. Since the fire had burned through the suits, NASA added a fireproofing requirement to the new suit, which replaced the outer layer with
273:
Replacement of the pressure helmet and neck ring with a zippered hood incorporating a clear, fixed polycarbonate visor, with the astronauts wearing modified Navy-style aviator crash helmets that incorporated the communication equipment (microphones and
122:
340:. This version added new electrical and environmental disconnects, and a protective shell over the helmet visor, which reverted to the more economical Plexiglas. Since Apollo would use a
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Earth orbital concept demonstrator phase of Apollo. Since EVA was impractical due to the hatch design of the Block I spacecraft, and with a design competition underway between
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to EVA. Two oxygen supply packs were developed for it. One was the
Extravehicular Support Package (ESP) (providing an hour's worth of life support), carried aboard
336:(later Hamilton Sunstrand), and David Clark for a new Block II lunar EVA suit, NASA decided to use the G3C as the base for the Apollo Block I suit, designated
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program (canceled in 1969), and has since been used as the baseline for all high-altitude pressure suits worn by U.S. Air Force pilots, including for the
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replaced the pilot parachute and its harness. Only two Block I flights were initially planned until
December 1966, when the second one, to be flown by
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Cernan never got to perform this test, because he overheated and his faceplate fogged up before he could get to the AMU on the back of the spacecraft.
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made the first
American spacewalk in 1965. A further modification, the incorporation of additional layers in the legs, as well as an outer layer of
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system, in which its "Operation One" configuration, resembles the current ACES suit, but functions in the same manner as that of the Gemini suit.
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were wearing A1C suits on
January 27, 1967 in a preliminary countdown demonstration test for the planned February 21
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The G4C suit was identical to the G3C suit, but came in two different styles. Both had additional layers of
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and to fly while tethered but was not used. The AMU was also meant to be launched and flown on-board
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Additional zippers for in-flight adjustment, along with provisions for complete removal of the suit.
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and manufactured by ILC Dover. The new suit was first used on Apollo 1's replacement flight,
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high-altitude pressure suit. All Gemini spacesuits were developed and manufactured by the
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for a similar AMU test, though this test was canceled two months before the mission.
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Extravehicular Life
Support System (ELSS) (Gemini 8-12): 47 lb (21.3 kg)
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pressure suit. On June 11, 2008, the David Clark
Company was selected by the
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worn by
American astronauts for launch, in-flight activities (including
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The G3C and G4C suits were the primary spacesuits worn for all but the
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to the present day. The G5C suit somewhat resembles the current
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helmet faceplate was replaced with one made of higher strength
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463:(providing an hour's worth of life support), carried on-board
18:
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wore modified G3C suits, but incorporating several changes:
169:(the innermost containing a rubberized nylon "bladder") and
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flown by
Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham in October 1968.
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From
Engineering Science To Big Science (1998) - Chap.13
324:
The Gemini spacesuit was chosen by NASA for the initial
141:) and landing. It was designed by NASA based on the
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1688:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19
422:as a subcontractor for the manufacture of the new
348:, a yellow-colored U-shaped inflatable "Mae West"
221:, to accommodate a planned test of the Air Force
16:Pressurized spacesuit used in the Gemini program
2127:Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment (LCVG)
1914:
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193:was worn by all subsequent Gemini crews from
8:
1225:Kenneth S. Thomas; Harold J. McMann (2006).
282:astronauts would be more comfortable during
165:mission. The G3C consisted of six layers of
2147:Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment (TMG / ITMG)
364:, was canceled as unnecessary duplication.
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185:and was the only flight to use this suit.
1274:U.S. Space Gear: Outfitting The Astronaut
1231:. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing Ltd.
213:fabric, was made to the EVA suit worn by
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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301:pressure suits worn by Russian-launched
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759:Gemini suit evolution is listed below.
233:plastic. This version was also worn by
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1158:G4C with ELSS on chest and AMU on back
1146:G4C with ELSS on chest and ESP on back
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398:The Gemini suit was looked at for the
320:wears the Apollo Block I pressure suit
1652:Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System
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459:but not used, and the other for the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1717:Military Orbital Development System
410:. It was also the basis for NASA's
380:. The Block II suit was designated
2137:Primary Life Support System (PLSS)
2032:Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU)
739:Ventilation Control Module (VCM) (
14:
1277:. Smithsonian Institution Press.
412:Advance Crew Escape System (ACES)
2132:Maximum Absorbency Garment (MAG)
2027:Advanced Crew Escape Suit (ACES)
2007:Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL)
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475:Gemini Spacesuit specifications
177:, the G3C suit was worn by both
23:
1199:"Behind the stick of the SR-71"
588:Intra-vehicular activity (IVA)
367:Astronauts Grissom, White, and
205:) and it was in this suit that
34:needs additional citations for
1170:View of G4C Suits entry zipper
721:(Gemini 5,6,8-12): 30 minutes
1:
2163:Extravehicular activity (EVA)
1271:Kozloski, Lillian D. (1994).
743:): 7.75 lb (3.5 kg)
2017:Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit
1765:Rendezvous Docking Simulator
1307:Astronautix Page on G4C Suit
1302:Astronautix Page on G3C Suit
692:23.5 lb (10.7 kg)
225:(AMU). On this version, the
1760:Manned Space Flight Network
695:34 lb (15.4 kg)
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1722:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
711:
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461:Astronaut Maneuvering Unit
400:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
223:Astronaut Maneuvering Unit
2168:Astronaut propulsion unit
2097:Stratonautical space suit
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698:16 lb (7.3 kg)
420:Oceaneering International
350:personal flotation device
2077:Constellation Space Suit
1662:Gemini Guidance Computer
634:Extra-vehicular activity
424:Constellation Space Suit
394:Post-Apollo applications
288:shirt-sleeve environment
151:Worcester, Massachusetts
2022:Launch Entry Suit (LES)
2122:Hard Upper Torso (HUT)
1134:G4C with ELSS on chest
451:
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1122:G4C with VCM on chest
719:(Gemini 4): 9 minutes
705:Primary Life Support
491:Apollo A1C Spacesuit
488:Gemini G5C Spacesuit
485:Gemini G4C Spacesuit
482:Gemini G3C Spacesuit
437:
344:in place of Gemini's
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1770:1966 NASA T-38 crash
1667:Agena target vehicle
1312:Ed White's spacewalk
713:Backup Life Support
499:David Clark Company
342:launch escape system
43:improve this article
2204:American spacesuits
2092:Space activity suit
765:Gemini suit family
684:3.7 psi (25.5 kPa)
681:Operating Pressure
476:
286:lunar flights in a
147:David Clark Company
2173:Environmental suit
755:Gemini suit family
538:AS-205 (canceled)
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58:"Gemini spacesuit"
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1692:Launch Complex 14
1672:Gemini space suit
1640:Gemini spacecraft
1621:(command pilot),
1605:(command pilot),
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1573:(command pilot),
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727:Vehicle Provided
724:Vehicle Provided
716:Vehicle Provided
708:Vehicle Provided
525:Gemini 4-6, 8-12
362:Walter Cunningham
334:Hamilton Standard
157:G3C and G4C suits
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369:Roger B. Chaffee
318:Roger B. Chaffee
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1201:. 7 March 2014.
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2070:Developmental
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2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Apollo/Skylab
2010:
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1990:United States
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1944:USSR / Russia
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1539:Wally Schirra
1537:
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1507:Gordon Cooper
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1284:0-87474-459-8
1280:
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1259:
1256:
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1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:0-387-27919-9
1234:
1230:
1229:
1228:US Spacesuits
1221:
1219:
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1213:
1211:
1209:
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1200:
1194:
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510:
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503:
502:
496:Manufacturer
495:
494:
478:
472:
470:
466:
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458:
449:
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436:
429:
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365:
363:
359:
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354:Wally Schirra
351:
347:
343:
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308:
306:
304:
300:
297:
293:
289:
285:
276:
272:
271:
270:
268:
264:
260:
253:G5C spacesuit
251:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
231:polycarbonate
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:Eugene Cernan
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
186:
184:
183:John W. Young
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
156:
154:
152:
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144:
140:
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123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2052:Shenzhou IVA
1997:Navy Mark IV
1811:Missions of
1701:Developments
1681:Launch sites
1657:Titan rocket
1612:
1596:
1580:
1571:Tom Stafford
1564:
1548:
1543:Tom Stafford
1532:
1523:Frank Borman
1516:
1500:
1484:
1468:
1316:
1273:
1227:
1193:
1184:
1090:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
948:
942:
898:
886:
866:
786:
758:
735:
689:Suit Weight
521:(Armstrong)
507:
453:
397:
381:
366:
337:
323:
280:
263:Frank Borman
256:
201:(except for
187:
160:
130:
128:
105:
99:October 2010
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2037:SpaceX suit
1930:Space suits
1713:Blue Gemini
1623:Buzz Aldrin
1603:Pete Conrad
1575:Gene Cernan
1559:David Scott
1511:Pete Conrad
1475:Gus Grissom
1028:Gemini IX-A
946:Gemini VIII
274:earphones).
235:Buzz Aldrin
179:Gus Grissom
2198:Categories
2142:Snoopy cap
2115:Components
1966:Krechet-94
1755:Elliot See
1734:Big Gemini
1633:Components
1619:Jim Lovell
1587:John Young
1527:Jim Lovell
1479:John Young
1461:Astronauts
1176:References
1088:Gemini XII
891:Gemini VII
791:Gemini III
516:(Schirra),
444:John Young
378:beta cloth
267:Jim Lovell
69:newspapers
1879:Gemini 12
1874:Gemini 11
1869:Gemini 10
1864:Gemini 9A
1854:Gemini 6A
1614:Gemini 12
1598:Gemini 11
1582:Gemini 10
1566:Gemini 9A
1534:Gemini 6A
1075:Gemini XI
871:Gemini IV
543:Ejection
536:(failed),
504:Missions
469:Gemini 12
440:Gemini 10
330:ILC Dover
245:G5C suits
239:Gemini 12
227:Plexiglas
219:Gemini 9A
211:Chromel-R
199:Gemini 12
135:spacesuit
2102:Z series
2082:Mark III
1859:Gemini 8
1849:Gemini 7
1844:Gemini 5
1839:Gemini 4
1834:Gemini 3
1829:Gemini 2
1824:Gemini 1
1727:OPS 0855
1550:Gemini 8
1518:Gemini 7
1502:Gemini 5
1495:Ed White
1486:Gemini 4
1470:Gemini 3
1393:Gemini 3
1372:Gemini 1
1365:Uncrewed
1358:Missions
1015:Gemini X
903:Apollo 1
741:Gemini 4
534:Apollo 1
529:Gemini 7
519:Gemini 8
514:Gemini 6
509:Gemini 3
465:Gemini 9
457:Gemini 8
388:Apollo 7
373:Apollo 1
292:Apollo 7
259:Gemini 7
207:Ed White
203:Gemini 7
195:Gemini 4
175:Gemini 3
163:Gemini 7
2183:SuitSat
2156:Related
2061:Feitian
2056:Haiying
1961:Yastreb
1743:Related
1625:(pilot)
1609:(pilot)
1593:(pilot)
1577:(pilot)
1561:(pilot)
1545:(pilot)
1529:(pilot)
1513:(pilot)
1497:(pilot)
1481:(pilot)
1091:Variant
1078:Variant
1031:Variant
1018:Variant
949:Variant
418:-based
305:crews.
83:scholar
2087:I-Suit
2002:Gemini
1971:Strizh
1956:Berkut
1937:Models
1386:Crewed
1281:
1235:
1109:Images
732:Notes
636:(EVA)
360:, and
284:Apollo
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2046:China
1981:Orlan
1976:Sokol
408:SR-71
299:Sokol
296:Soyuz
190:Mylar
171:Nomex
167:nylon
133:is a
90:JSTOR
76:books
1951:SK-1
1645:SC-2
1279:ISBN
1233:ISBN
879:VI-A
406:and
265:and
181:and
143:X-15
139:EVAs
129:The
62:news
1085:G4C
1072:G4C
1025:G4C
1012:G4C
943:G4C
899:A1C
887:G5C
867:G4C
787:G3C
404:U-2
383:A7L
338:A1C
303:ISS
237:on
217:on
197:to
149:in
45:by
2200::
1715:/
1690:/
1473::
1438:12
1433:11
1428:10
1423:9A
1413:6A
1261:^
1247:^
1207:^
877:,
873:,
446:,
356:,
332:,
153:.
1922:e
1915:t
1908:v
1804:e
1797:t
1790:v
1616::
1600::
1584::
1568::
1552::
1536::
1520::
1504::
1488::
1418:8
1408:7
1403:5
1398:4
1377:2
1343:e
1336:t
1329:v
1287:.
1241:.
905:)
901:(
893:)
889:(
881:)
875:V
869:(
793:)
789:(
675:N
665:N
655:Y
645:N
627:Y
617:Y
607:Y
597:Y
582:N
572:Y
562:Y
552:Y
511:,
450:)
442:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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